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In order to reduce the vibration of fracturing branch pipe during fracturing operation, the fluid-structure coupling analysis method was used to carry out the modal analysis and harmonious response analysis of fracturing branch pipe, considering the impact of fracturing pump vibration and high-pressure fracturing fluid on fracturing branch pipe. The influence of angle of bend and number of fracturing branch pipe supports on fracturing branch pipe vibration was studied. The results show that under the current layout, the main vibration positions of the first six modal modes of the manifold appear at double elbows 2, 3, and 4, indicating that the main vibration deformation of the fracturing branch pipe occurs at its lower end, that is, at the double elbows far away from the fracturing truck. Considering the weak points at double elbows 2, 3, and 4, the smaller displacement response amplitudes of each double elbow at each connection angle are obtained based on the maximum displacement response amplitude. Indicating that each connection angle is the best choice for the actual fracturing operation. When four elastic supports are used, the maximum amplitude is much smaller than that of two or three elastic supports, indicating that adding elastic supports at the lower end of the fracturing branch pipe can weaken the vibration amplitude, and the optimal scheme can be obtained under the specific working range. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the vibration characteristics and vibration reduction of fracturing branch pipe.

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为了减小压裂支管在压裂作业过程中的振动,采用流固耦合分析方法,考虑压裂泵自身振动和高压压裂液对压裂支管冲击作用的基础上,对压裂支管开展模态分析和谐响应分析,研究弯头角度和压裂支管支撑数量对压裂支管振动的影响。结果表明:在当前布局下,管汇的前六阶模态振型主要振动位置出现在双弯头2、3、4处,表明压裂支管主要振动变形发生在其下端,即远离压裂车的双弯头处,针对双弯头2、3、4处为薄弱部位,以最大位移响应幅值为准则,得出各双弯头在各连接角度下的较小位移响应幅值,表明各连接角度为现场实际压裂作业的最优选择;当采用4个弹性支撑时,最大振幅远小于2、3个弹性支撑,表明在压裂支管下端增加弹性支撑可减弱振动幅值,得出在具体工作范围内下的最优方案。研究成果可为压裂支管的振动特性及减振抑振提供理论指导。

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王晓岗(1991—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,工程师。研究方向:石油机械设备研发及管理。E-mail:t-wangxg995.slyt@sinopec.com。

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王晓岗(1991—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,工程师。研究方向:石油机械设备研发及管理。E-mail:t-wangxg995.slyt@sinopec.com。

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王晓岗(1991—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,工程师。研究方向:石油机械设备研发及管理。E-mail:t-wangxg995.slyt@sinopec.com。

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Spatial fluid-solid interation analysis of manifold in high pressure operation[J]. 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Modal 为模态;Total Deformation-Mode 为总变形模式;Type 为类型;Total Deformation 为总变形;Frequency 为频率;Unit 为单位

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Harmonic Response 为谐波响应;Total Deformation 为总变形量;Type 为类型;Total Deformation 为总变形量;Frequency 为频率;Sweeping Phase 为相位角;Unit 为单位

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结构 弯管 直管
材料名称 20CrNiMo Q125
弹性模量/MPa ${2.08}\times {10}^{5}$ ${2.06}\times {10}^{5}$
泊松比 0.295 0.28
密度 $/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}}\right)$ 7 870 7 850
抗拉强度/MPa 980 862
), ArticleFig(id=1156986839061062443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931169317747, language=CN, label=表1, caption=压裂管汇参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构 弯管 直管
材料名称 20CrNiMo Q125
弹性模量/MPa ${2.08}\times {10}^{5}$ ${2.06}\times {10}^{5}$
泊松比 0.295 0.28
密度 $/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}}\right)$ 7 870 7 850
抗拉强度/MPa 980 862
), ArticleFig(id=1156986839136559919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931169317747, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=The first six modal parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数 固有频率 $/\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 主要振型描述
1 9.809 管汇沿 $Y$ 方向上下摆动
2 17.545 管汇沿 $Z$ 方向左右扭动
3 22.687 双弯头 4 及连接段沿 $Y$ 方向摆动及 直管 1 、双弯头 2 、 3 沿 $Z$ 方向扭动
4 29.413 双弯头 3、4 及直管 2 左段的上下 摆动
5 43.271 双弯头 2 沿 $Z$ 方向扭动以及双弯头 3 和直管 2 左段沿 $Y$ 方向扭动
6 48.252 管汇沿水平方向沿 $Z$ 方向扭转
), ArticleFig(id=1156986839220446002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963931169317747, language=CN, label=表2, caption=前六阶模态参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数 固有频率 $/\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 主要振型描述
1 9.809 管汇沿 $Y$ 方向上下摆动
2 17.545 管汇沿 $Z$ 方向左右扭动
3 22.687 双弯头 4 及连接段沿 $Y$ 方向摆动及 直管 1 、双弯头 2 、 3 沿 $Z$ 方向扭动
4 29.413 双弯头 3、4 及直管 2 左段的上下 摆动
5 43.271 双弯头 2 沿 $Z$ 方向扭动以及双弯头 3 和直管 2 左段沿 $Y$ 方向扭动
6 48.252 管汇沿水平方向沿 $Z$ 方向扭转
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压裂支管的振动特性与减振抑振分析
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王晓岗 1 , 田波 2 , 齐静静 1 , 张浩 1 , 赵宁 1 , 吴漫 3 , 李美求 3
科学技术与工程 | 石油、天然气工业 2025,25(8): 3209-3216
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科学技术与工程 | 石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(8): 3209-3216
压裂支管的振动特性与减振抑振分析
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王晓岗1 , 田波2, 齐静静1, 张浩1, 赵宁1, 吴漫3, 李美求3
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化胜利油田分公司 技术检测中心 东营 257062
  • 2 中国石化胜利油田分公司 安全环保质量管理部 东营 257062
  • 3 长江大学 机械结构强度与振动研究所 荆州 434000
  • 王晓岗(1991—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,工程师。研究方向:石油机械设备研发及管理。E-mail:t-wangxg995.slyt@sinopec.com。

Vibration Characteristics and Vibration Reduction Analysis of Fracturing Branch Pipe
Xiao-gang WANG1 , Bo TIAN2, Jing-jing QI1, Hao ZHANG1, Ning ZHAO1, Man WU3, Mei-qiu LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 Technology Inspection Center Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC Dongying 257062 China
  • 2 Safety and Environmental Quality Management Department Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC Dongying 257062 China
  • 3 Institute of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration Yangtze University Jingzhou 434000 China
出版时间: 2025-03-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403672
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为了减小压裂支管在压裂作业过程中的振动,采用流固耦合分析方法,考虑压裂泵自身振动和高压压裂液对压裂支管冲击作用的基础上,对压裂支管开展模态分析和谐响应分析,研究弯头角度和压裂支管支撑数量对压裂支管振动的影响。结果表明:在当前布局下,管汇的前六阶模态振型主要振动位置出现在双弯头2、3、4处,表明压裂支管主要振动变形发生在其下端,即远离压裂车的双弯头处,针对双弯头2、3、4处为薄弱部位,以最大位移响应幅值为准则,得出各双弯头在各连接角度下的较小位移响应幅值,表明各连接角度为现场实际压裂作业的最优选择;当采用4个弹性支撑时,最大振幅远小于2、3个弹性支撑,表明在压裂支管下端增加弹性支撑可减弱振动幅值,得出在具体工作范围内下的最优方案。研究成果可为压裂支管的振动特性及减振抑振提供理论指导。

压裂支管  /  振动特性  /  减振抑振  /  谐响应分析  /  模态分析  /  弯头角度  /  支撑数量

In order to reduce the vibration of fracturing branch pipe during fracturing operation, the fluid-structure coupling analysis method was used to carry out the modal analysis and harmonious response analysis of fracturing branch pipe, considering the impact of fracturing pump vibration and high-pressure fracturing fluid on fracturing branch pipe. The influence of angle of bend and number of fracturing branch pipe supports on fracturing branch pipe vibration was studied. The results show that under the current layout, the main vibration positions of the first six modal modes of the manifold appear at double elbows 2, 3, and 4, indicating that the main vibration deformation of the fracturing branch pipe occurs at its lower end, that is, at the double elbows far away from the fracturing truck. Considering the weak points at double elbows 2, 3, and 4, the smaller displacement response amplitudes of each double elbow at each connection angle are obtained based on the maximum displacement response amplitude. Indicating that each connection angle is the best choice for the actual fracturing operation. When four elastic supports are used, the maximum amplitude is much smaller than that of two or three elastic supports, indicating that adding elastic supports at the lower end of the fracturing branch pipe can weaken the vibration amplitude, and the optimal scheme can be obtained under the specific working range. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the vibration characteristics and vibration reduction of fracturing branch pipe.

fracturing branch pipe  /  vibration characteristics  /  vibration damping vibration suppression  /  harmonic response analysis  /  modal analysis  /  bend angle  /  number of supports
王晓岗, 田波, 齐静静, 张浩, 赵宁, 吴漫, 李美求. 压裂支管的振动特性与减振抑振分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3209 -3216 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403672
Xiao-gang WANG, Bo TIAN, Jing-jing QI, Hao ZHANG, Ning ZHAO, Man WU, Mei-qiu LI. Vibration Characteristics and Vibration Reduction Analysis of Fracturing Branch Pipe[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3209 -3216 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403672
近年来,随着中国石油勘探难度开发不断增加, 使得压裂支管成为压裂工艺的重要途径和方法[1]。因此,研究压裂支管的振动特性,并提出合理减振抑振措施, 减小压裂支管的位移响应幅值, 保证其结构刚度和稳定性, 是压裂支管的重要研究方向之一。
目前中外学者开展了大量的研究。杨子玉等[2] 研究了各工作挡位下的激振位移响应,并分析了危险点处的$X\text{、}Y\text{、}Z$ 方向上的位移-频率响应。姜磊等[3] 改进了压裂支管的约束方式,结果表明,其改进后的固有频率远大于压力泵的工作频率,有效避开了压力泵的工作频率范围, 避开了因共振造成的破坏,张永学等[4]研究了压裂泵脉动流速对高压管汇振动特性的影响, 结果表明, 管汇的最大等效应力及最大振幅随着入口平均流速增大而增大。钱玉宝等[5] 综合考量高压管汇流固耦合分析和改进安装约束方式, 结果表明, 管汇的前 3 阶固有频率在改进约束方式后增大到改进前的 2 ~ 3 倍,在低频段能有效避开共振的发生。Ghayesh[6] 在流固耦合作用下结合数值模拟的方法, 研究了非线性弹性约束方式对管汇振动特性的影响。Ghazali 等[7] 研究了多种压力变化下管汇的振动特性规律, 并建立了几种管汇的振动监测技术。
由于压裂支管在压裂作业过程中需要承受高压混合液冲击及流体耦合振动等多重作用,主要针对高压管汇中两侧压裂支管对冲工况下引起共振现象进行探究。目前针对流固耦合分析和改进连接布局及支撑数量综合考量的研究尚不明确。鉴于此, 在流固耦合作用下结合振动有限元模型进行计算, 对压裂支管进行模态分析得到其固有频率及模态振型, 进一步采用谐响应分析得到压裂支管的薄弱部位,并改进了弯头连接角度及支撑约束数量对压裂支管减振抑振方法研究, 确定合理的压裂支管连接布局及支撑数量,减小压裂支管的最大位移响应幅值, 为现场压裂管汇的合理布局提供一定指导意见。
流固耦合的基本控制方程包括质量、动量和能量守恒方程, 其中质量守恒方程和动量守恒方程分别如式 (1) 和式 (2) 所示[8]
$\frac{\partial {\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}}{\partial t}+ \nabla \cdot \left({{\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}v}\right)= 0 $
${\mathbf{f}}_{\mathrm{f}}= \frac{\partial \left({{\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}\mathbf{v}}\right)}{\partial t}+ \nabla \times \left({{\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}{\mathbf{v}}^{2}- {\mathbf{\tau }}_{\mathrm{f}}}\right)$
式中:${\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为流体密度,$\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};t$ 为时间,$\mathrm{s};\nabla$ 为拉普拉斯算子;$v$ 为流体速度,$\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s};{\tau }_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为剪切力张量;${f}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为体积力矢量, N。
能量守恒方程为[9]
$\frac{\partial \left({{\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}T}\right)}{\partial t}+ \operatorname{div}\left({{\rho }_{\mathrm{f}}{vT}}\right)= \operatorname{div}\left({\frac{k}{{c}_{p}}\operatorname{grad}T}\right)$
式 (3) 中:$T$ 为温度,$\mathrm{K};k$ 为流体的传热系数,$\mathrm{W}/\left({{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right);{c}_{p}$ 为比热容,$\mathrm{J}/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$ ; div 为散度; grad 为梯度。
同样流固耦合也要满足守恒定律, 即遵守式 (4)[10]
${\mathbf{\tau }}_{\mathrm{f}}= {\mathbf{\tau }}_{\mathrm{s}};{d}_{\mathrm{f}}= {d}_{\mathrm{s}};{q}_{\mathrm{f}}= {q}_{\mathrm{s}};{T}_{\mathrm{f}}= {T}_{\mathrm{s}}$
式(4)中:${\tau }_{\mathrm{f}}$${\tau }_{\mathrm{s}}$${d}_{\mathrm{f}}$${d}_{\mathrm{s}}$${q}_{\mathrm{f}}$${q}_{\mathrm{s}}$${T}_{\mathrm{f}}$${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 分别为流体域和固体域的剪切力张量、相对位移、热流量、 温度。
典型无阻尼多自由振动系统的运动方程用矩阵形式可表示为[11]
$\mathbf{M}\ddot{\mathbf{x}}\left(t\right)+ \mathbf{K}\mathbf{x}\left(t\right)= 0 $
式 (5) 中:$\mathbf{M}\text{、}\mathbf{K}$ 分别为管汇质量和刚度矩阵;$\ddot{\mathbf{x}}\text{、}\mathbf{x}$ 分别为管汇加速度和速度。
设特解为[12]
$\mathbf{x}= {\mathbf{A}}_{i}\sin \left({{\omega }_{i}t +\alpha }\right)$
式 (6) 中:${\mathbf{A}}_{i}$ 为振幅列矩阵;${\omega }_{i}$ 为系统的固有频率;$\alpha$ 为初相位。
将式(6)代入式(5)可得
$\left({\mathbf{K}- {\omega }_{i}^{2}\mathbf{M}}\right){\mathbf{\varphi }}_{i}= 0 $
式(7)中:${\varphi }_{i}$ 为第$i$ 阶模态的振型矩阵。
压裂支管的固有频率和振型即为式 (7) 的特征值和特征向量。
对于压裂支管的结构设计而言, 开展流固耦合作用下压裂支管的谐响应分析是非常有必要的, 根据动力学理论,无阻尼的压裂支管谐响应分析的运动方程为[13]
$\mathbf{M}\ddot{\mathbf{x}}\left(t\right)+ \mathbf{K}\mathbf{x}\left(t\right)= \mathbf{F}\left(t\right)\sin {\omega t}$
式 (8) 中:$\mathbf{F}\left(t\right)$ 为节点载荷向量;$\omega$ 为管汇固有频率。
节点的位移响应可表示为[13]
$\mathbf{x}= \mathbf{A}\sin \left({{\omega t}+ \varphi }\right)$
式(9)中:$\mathbf{A}$ 为位移响应向量;$\varphi$ 为位移响应滞后激励载荷的相位角。
根据现场安装要求, 压裂支管主要由双弯头和直管等部件连接而成, 现场压裂支管布局图如图1 所示。该压裂支管的三维模型如图2 所示, 该模型共 5 个双弯头,从进口向出口进行 1 ~ 5 编号,下文的相关叙述与此处标注相同, 对弯管和直管进行参数设置如表1 所示。
对管汇及流场域确定合理的网格数量, 在流场网格数量超过${18}\times {10}^{4}$ 个以后,管汇的出口压力趋于稳定, 且各阶模态频率十分接近, 即流场网格数量增加到一定程度后差异不大, 因此选用四面体网格且网格尺寸为$8\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 进行划分。管汇结构网格要保持与流体网格单元大小相一致的原则进行计算, 网格数量约为${63}\times {10}^{4}$ 个,划分后的网格模型如图3 所示。
设置流场出口边界为压力出口, 取现场负载压力为${80}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ;流场进口边界为速度进口,基于现场排量计算,取现场入口流速为${12.2}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ; 压裂液采用水基压裂液,密度取${998.2}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$,采用 Realizable 湍动能-耗散率$\left({k -\varepsilon }\right)$ 湍流模型,用 COUPLED 算法和具有二阶精度的迎风格式进行流场计算求解, 采用无滑移壁面设置。在当前布局下 (图2), 管汇出口端和受载荷面采用固定约束, 仿真模拟中将支管的最低点看作竖直向上的弹性约束, 释放与其垂直的两个方向的自由度, 即在支撑处采用弹性约束 (图2)。将压裂液外表面与管汇的内表面设置为流固耦合交界面进行数据传递。
基于数值模型, 计算压裂支管的模态频率和各阶振型,由于前几阶模态频率与外界激振力接近, 高阶模态的固有频率已远高于可能出现的激振频率, 故提取前 6 阶模态参数如表2 所示, 相应的各阶振型如图4 所示。
表2图4 可知, 压裂支管的模态振型主要表现为上下摆动及左右扭动,前 6 阶模态振型的主要振动位置在双弯头2、3、4处,且弯管比直管更容易产生振动, 这是因为压裂支管在实际安装时双弯头 2、3、4处的约束明显不足,刚度较低,易发生振动, 表明双弯头 2、3、4 处为支管的薄弱部位,需要添加支撑以减轻振动,故将其作为重点减振抑振部位。
结构谐响应分析一种对结构施加简谐载荷作用得到稳态响应的方法, 目的是得到响应值与频率之间的曲线关系,并得到关键的峰值响应[14]
现场对压裂支管入口法兰盘上一点的$X\text{、}Y\text{、}Z$ 向加速度进行测量,得到$X\text{、}Y\text{、}Z$ 轴随频率变化的振动加速度值,如图5 所示,可以看出,该点振动在${28.28}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 时三向加速度幅值出现峰值。
${28.28}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 和对应幅值作为激振载荷,处理为三向位移激励载荷为
${X}_{x}\left(\mathrm{t}\right)= -{0.034}\sin \left({2\pi 28.22t}\right)$
${X}_{y}\left(\mathrm{t}\right)= -{0.020}\sin \left({2\pi 28.22t}\right)$
${X}_{z}\left(\mathrm{t}\right)= -{0.088}\sin \left({2\pi 28.22t}\right)$
通过模态分析发现, 管汇在流固耦合作用下的前 6 阶模态频率在${9.803}\sim {48.252}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 范围内,因此谐响应分析设置$0 \sim {50}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 为扫频范围,为使得振动响应曲线更平滑和更精确,分析间隔为$1\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,能够在较好的保证计算精度下覆盖一般工况下的频率范围。
图6 为在扫频范围内求解得到的位移-频率振动响应曲线,可以看出,在${30}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 时位移响应幅值出现了明显峰值且波动较大。仿真模拟中最大位移的频率(30Hz)和现场测量最大加速度的频率 (28.28Hz)接近,该现象表明仿真结果可靠,且可利用仿真结果预测危险激励频率的出现, 从而避开管汇在外界激励下产生较大振动幅值, 同时在实际运行中需要避免在危险频率${30}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 下进行工作。
学者们针对压裂支管减振抑振的方法开展了大量研究, 结果表明, 固定约束能够有效提高约束刚度, 但容易造成应力集中, 相对来说, 弹性约束对振动的缓解稍弱, 即有效减少应力集中现象, 保证管汇使用寿命[15]。通过 2 节分析,将双弯头2、3、4 作为重点减振抑振部位, 依次采用模态及谐响应分析, 进而对压裂支管的工作状态进行预测使其稳定运行, 以最大位移响应幅值为准则, 分析弯头不同连接角度及支撑数量下压裂支管的振动特性,旨在确定最优弯头连接角度及支撑数量,制定并优化适合压裂管汇的连接布局及约束数量。仿真设置与 2 节保持一致。
在保持当前支撑数量布局下, 考虑到管汇现场安装的角度, 现设置双弯头 2 调节角度范围为${30}^{\circ }\sim {54}^{\circ }$,双弯头 3 为${106}^{\circ }\sim {150}^{\circ }$,双弯头 4 为${88}^{\circ }\sim$ ${99}^{\circ }$。分别提取双弯头2、3、4在各连接角度范围下前 6 阶固有频率,如图7 所示。可以看出,双弯头 2、3 和 4 的连接角度对前 4 阶固有频率的影响很小,影响程度小于 5、6 阶,且改变连接角度对低阶固有频率影响很小。
图8 为双弯头 2 在 5 种连接角度$\left({{30}^{\circ }\text{、}{36}^{\circ }}\right.$${42}^{\circ }\text{、}{48}^{\circ }\text{、}{54}^{\circ }$)下压裂支管的最大位移响应云图,分析可知,管汇整体振动变形主要出现在双弯头2、3 处。压裂支管在双弯头 2 连接角度${36}^{\circ }$ 下的幅值达到最大为${161.55}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,对应频率为${47}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,发生在双弯头 2 处,表明双弯头 2 在连接角度${36}^{\circ }$ 时为危险角度, 因此在压裂现场中应尽量避免此危险连接角度, 且在双弯头 2 处附近增加支撑以提高刚度。在连接角度${48}^{\circ }\sim {54}^{\circ }$ 范围内对应的幅值较小,因此压裂作业中选取双弯头 2 在此连接角度范围保证其结构稳定性。
图9(a) 为双弯头 3 在 5 种连接角度 (${106}^{\circ }$${117}^{\circ }\text{、}{128}^{\circ }\text{、}{139}^{\circ }\text{、}{150}^{\circ }$) 时的最大位移响应幅值及对应频率图, 可以发现, 位移幅值随连接角度增大而减小,当连接角度为 ${106}^{\circ }$ 时,压裂支管的位移幅值达到峰值为 ${25.855}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,对应频率为 ${18}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,发生在双弯头 3 处, 因此压裂现场中应尽量避免此危险角度; 当连接角度为 ${150}^{\circ }$ 时,压裂支管位移幅值最小为 ${1.2719}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,频率为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,发生双弯头 3 处。随着双弯头 3 连接角度的改变, 最大位移幅值发生在双弯头 3 处, 表明双弯头 3 连接角度的改变影响压裂支管的位移幅值, 使管汇最危险部位转移至双弯头 3 处, 因此可以在双弯头 3 处附近增加支撑以减小位移幅值。连接角度 ${139}^{\circ }\sim {150}^{\circ }$ 范围内位移幅值较低,对应频率均为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,因此选用此连接角度对压裂支管进行布局可以有效降低管汇振动幅值。
经过对双弯头 4 在 5 种连接角度$\left({{88}^{\circ }\text{、}{90}^{\circ }}\right.$${92}^{\circ }$${94}^{\circ }$${96}^{\circ }$)下的谐响应分析,得到压裂支管的最大位移响应幅值及对应频率图[图9(b)]。由图9(b) 可以看出, 位移幅值总体上随连接角度增大而减小,当连接角度为${96}^{\circ }$ 时,压裂支管的位移幅值最小为${1.258}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,频率为${17}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,发生在双弯头 3 处,表明此角度为双弯头 4 的较好连接角度;当连接角度为${88}^{\circ }$ 时,位移幅值最大为${113.77}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,频率为${30}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,发生在双弯头 3 处, 因此应尽量避免此危险角度。随着双弯头 4 连接角度的改变, 管汇最危险部位发生在双弯头 3 处, 因此可以加强双弯头 3 处的支撑约束。
分析可知, 以最大位移响应幅值为准测, 结合现场管汇安装情况,设计了优化角度的安装方式, 分析可为各弯头在具体工作频率范围内选择最优连接角度提供参考, 从而为压裂支管的安装和结构优化提供一定的指导意见。
经上述分析可知,压裂支管在双弯头 2 为${36}^{\circ }$ 下的位移幅值达到最大为${161.55}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,表明此安装方式为危险工况,综合考虑在此工况下探究不同支撑数量对压裂支管振动特性的影响。
根据压裂支管安装要求, 压裂支管是由活动弯头和高压直管连接组合而成,支管的最低点与地面接触, 由于其振动受力较大, 故不同支撑数量对压裂支管的振动特性存在一定的影响。在原支撑方案 (支撑数量为 3) 之外增加两种支撑方案, 支撑数量分别为 2 个和 4 个, 其中 2 个弹性支撑时分别在双弯头 2 落地处、直管 2 中部, 4 个弹性支撑时分别在双弯头 1 落地处、双弯头 3 下方、直管 2 中部、双弯头 4 下方,如图10 所示。图11 为不同支撑数量下管汇固有频率变化的对比,可以看出,固有频率随支撑数量的增加略有增加, 这是因为弹性支撑数量的增加提高了管汇整体刚度,从而提高固有频率, 但提升效果并不明显, 且整体振型基本一致。
图12 为各支撑数量及激振频率下位移幅值的对比,可以看出,各支撑数量下管汇均在${23}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$${47}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处位移响应幅值取得峰值,且在${47}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 时达到最大值。采用 4 个弹性支撑时位移幅值曲线波动最平缓,最大振幅远小于 2、3 个弹性支撑,位移幅值得到明显改善;采用 2 个弹性支撑时, 管汇最大位移峰值小于 3 个弹性支撑,但在${23}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 时的位移幅值远大于采用 3 个弹性支撑,且在${20}\sim {30}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 位移幅值波动较大,表明压裂支管振动频度较为剧烈。由此可见,支撑数量是影响压裂支管振动特性的重要因素。
综上所述, 采用 4 个弹性支撑为最优方案。因此在压裂管汇的实际作业过程中,添加适当约束条件能够使压裂支管更加安全平稳运行。分析可为管汇在具体工作频率范围内选择弹性支撑数量提供参考。
(1)在当前布局下,通过对压裂支管进行模态分析得到其固有频率及模态振型,采用谐响应分析研究其振动位移响应, 以获得压裂支管在流固耦合作用下的振动特性, 计算结果表明管汇的整体振动变形主要出现在双弯头 2、3、4 处,表明压裂支管主要的振动变形发生在其下端,即远离压裂车的双弯头处,需要添加支撑以减轻振动,需针对此薄弱部位进行减振抑振研究。
(2)以最大位移幅值为准测,得出在不同频率下不同弯头的最优连接角度, 其中, 双弯头 2 在${48}^{\circ }\sim {54}^{\circ }$、双弯头 3 在${139}^{\circ }\sim {150}^{\circ }$、双弯头 4 在${96}^{\circ }$ 下对应的位移响应幅值较小,结果表明双弯头连接角度对压裂支管的稳定性存在较大影响, 分析可为双弯头在具体工作频率范围内选择最优连接角度提供参考, 从而为压裂支管的安装和结构优化提供一定的指导意见。
(3)针对双弯头 2 为${36}^{\circ }$ 的危险工况下,通过在不同支撑数量的模态和谐响应分析, 计算结果表明,采用 4 个弹性支撑时,最大振幅远小于 2、3 个弹性支撑,综合考虑采用 4 个弹性支撑为最优方案。结果表明在压裂支管下端增加弹性支撑可减弱振动幅值, 研究结果可为实际压裂支管作业中支撑方案的选取提供参考。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05038-001-LH002)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403672
  • 接收时间:2024-05-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-17
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
基金
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05038-001-LH002)
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    1 中国石化胜利油田分公司 技术检测中心 东营 257062
    2 中国石化胜利油田分公司 安全环保质量管理部 东营 257062
    3 长江大学 机械结构强度与振动研究所 荆州 434000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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