Article(id=1156963930808607602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402752, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713196800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-16, revisedDate=1734364800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753771296455, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1742227200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753771296455, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753771296455, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771296455, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156963927277003616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753771295613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777038876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3201, endPage=3208, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156963932024955767, articleId=1156963930808607602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Shearing Failure Scenarios of Ram Blowout Preventer under Extreme Working Conditions, columnId=1156963928296219492, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The blowout preventer (BOP) is a key well control equipment, in which the shear ram BOP is the last line of defense against blowout accidents. Therefore, its shear performance under extreme working conditions is crucial for the safety of drilling operations. A super shear ram BOP was taken as the research object, and the numerical analysis was carried out by using the dynamics module. The simulation results were compared with experimental and theoretical values to verify the accuracy and applicability of the model. In order to investigate the influence of extreme working conditions on the shear capacity of the ram BOP, the shearing performance of the drill pipe joints was evaluated under high pressure working conditions, eccentric working conditions and moving conditions. The response surface method was applied to develop a shear force prediction model under extreme working conditions. Based on the prediction model and the actual shearing capacity provided by the ram BOP, the shearing failure scenarios under extreme working conditions were determined. The results show that the relative errors between the theoretical values and the simulation results are less than 3%. In the shearing process, the larger the axial tension and compression load, the more unfavorable the shearing. While the certain deviation distance is conducive to the shearing. The research results can provide technical guidance for preventing the shearing failure of ram BOP.

, correspAuthors=Sheng-nan WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bin LI, Sheng-nan WU, Lai-bin ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156964022424789499, articleId=1156963930808607602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=极端工况下闸板防喷器剪切失效场景探究, columnId=1154013913785032705, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

防喷器(blowout preventer, BOP)是关键的井控设备,其中剪切闸板防喷器是防止井喷事故的最后一道防线,其在极端工况下的剪切性能对于钻井作业安全至关重要。以某超级剪切闸板防喷器为研究对象,通过显示动力学模块开展闸板防喷器剪切数值分析,将仿真结果与试验及理论计算结果对比,验证了模型的准确性及适用性。为探究极端工况对闸板防喷器剪切能力的影响,开展了高压工况、偏心工况和窜动工况下的钻杆接头剪切性能评估,并运用响应面方法建立了极端工况下的剪切力预测模型。基于极端工况下的剪切力预测模型和闸板防喷器的实际剪切能力,确定了极端工况下的剪切失效场景。结果表明:剪切应力理论值和仿真值的相对误差均小于3%。在剪切过程中,轴向拉压载荷越大越不利于剪切,而一定的偏移距离则有利于剪切。研究成果可以为预防闸板防喷器剪切失效提供技术指导。

, correspAuthors=武胜男, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*武胜男(1986-),女,汉族,山西大同人,博士,副教授。研究方向:复杂油气开采、油气关键安全装备风险评估。E-mail: wusheng-nan@cup.edu.cn。
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李滨(1996—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士研究生。研究方向:石油装备安全与可靠性分析。E-mail:2965117515@qq.com。

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3 国家市场监督管理总局 重点实验室(油气生产装备质量检测与健康诊断) 北京 102249, bio={"content":"

李滨(1996—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士研究生。研究方向:石油装备安全与可靠性分析。E-mail:2965117515@qq.com。

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李滨(1996—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士研究生。研究方向:石油装备安全与可靠性分析。E-mail:2965117515@qq.com。

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articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=超级剪切), Keyword(id=1156986836217324266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=极端工况), Keyword(id=1156986836288627436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=剪切力预测), Keyword(id=1156986836338959085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=剪切失效场景)], refs=[Reference(id=1156986841200157551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=136, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=陈国明, 朱高庚, 朱渊, journalName=中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈国明, 朱高庚, 朱渊. 深水油气开采安全风险评估与管控研究进展[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2019. 43(5): 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Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2021. 209. 107456., articleTitle=Aconservatism index based on structural reliability and model errors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156986843066622865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=10, pageStart=142, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=敬佳佳, 邱志礼, 陈文斌, journalName=中国安全生产科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=敬佳佳, 邱志礼, 陈文斌, 等. 基于Shear Damage 模型的剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022. 18(10): 142-149., articleTitle=基于Shear Damage 模型的剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156986843116954514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=10, pageStart=142, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Jing Jiajia, Qiu Zhili, Chen Wenbin, journalName=Journal of Safety Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jing Jiajia, Qiu Zhili, Chen Wenbin, et al. 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Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022. 18(10): 142-149., articleTitle=Research on shear performance of shear ram BOP based on Shear Damage model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156986843209229203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=2682, pageEnd=2688, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=陈浩, 何航宇, 敬佳佳, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈浩, 何航宇, 敬佳佳, 等. 剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能评价[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022. 22(7): 2682-2688., articleTitle=剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156986843267949460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=2682, pageEnd=2688, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Chen Hao, He Hangyu, Jing Jiajia, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Hao, He Hangyu, Jing Jiajia, et al. Shear performance evaluation of shear ram blow-out preventer[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022. 22(7): 2682-2688., articleTitle=Shear performance evaluation of shear ram blow-out preventer, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1156986840977859434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, awardId=52474019, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(52474019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156986841061745516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, awardId=2462024QNXZ004, language=CN, fundingSource=中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462024QNXZ004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986830030725750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986830034920055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, companyId=1156986830030725750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, companyId=1156986831750390407, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 国家市场监督管理总局 重点实验室(油气生产装备质量检测与健康诊断) 北京 102249)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156986838616466195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Super shear ram and drill pipe joint assembly diagram, figureFileSmall=Y1FR9JfIxZmzv7w2We+qsw==, figureFileBig=WtMzeZKnpiq6LaMxbxHj5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986838666797845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=图1, caption=超级剪切闸板和钻杆接头装配示意图, figureFileSmall=Y1FR9JfIxZmzv7w2We+qsw==, figureFileBig=WtMzeZKnpiq6LaMxbxHj5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986838721323799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Shear model meshing, figureFileSmall=U2QO0B6bDzaTRecAIl9YPw==, figureFileBig=kNtqcyk+ATdSPpOoBl4rKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986838826181403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=图2, caption=剪切模型网格划分, figureFileSmall=U2QO0B6bDzaTRecAIl9YPw==, figureFileBig=kNtqcyk+ATdSPpOoBl4rKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986838914261793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Mesh independence analysis of shear model, figureFileSmall=ZvTAUZ3uYgq13D8iH26ddA==, figureFileBig=dFo1fsJGBNdkdgdE2JeRXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986838989759271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=图3, caption=剪切模型网格无关性分析, figureFileSmall=ZvTAUZ3uYgq13D8iH26ddA==, figureFileBig=dFo1fsJGBNdkdgdE2JeRXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839065256748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Shear stress distribution under different pressures, figureFileSmall=w8b9J4QSCJlBTXRN2NVxvA==, figureFileBig=kx9NeSH/huKzFGDfqoySqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839136559918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同压力下剪切应力分布, figureFileSmall=w8b9J4QSCJlBTXRN2NVxvA==, figureFileBig=kx9NeSH/huKzFGDfqoySqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839199474480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Drill pipe joint fracture morphology comparison, figureFileSmall=ehMEF5KWl6oFVLVZLOjC4Q==, figureFileBig=VrKS5hvgQZrMktRxbIVvYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839262389044, 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7, caption=Ram stress and shear force change curves with displacement under different axial forces, figureFileSmall=Ag8KPc5p5kt9uTWM3JI+DQ==, figureFileBig=cj0YLpQTn5SXOSDKV2BaOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839555990336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同轴向载荷下闸板应力及剪切力随位移变化曲线

对照组指无轴向载荷工况

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对照组指无偏移距离工况

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$S$ 为不同偏移距离,$\mathrm{{mm}};{F}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 为理论最大剪切力

, figureFileSmall=0L349JCsE8n02QHwSzILPg==, figureFileBig=2sFx53NDnKLowqx6nZwTEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840327742296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Shear force change curves with offset distances under different axial forces, figureFileSmall=NzTl8JfWxCqmy5Y9n7NqgA==, figureFileBig=TJ4kP61IWHiX8vSpsRsBsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840382268250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同轴向载荷下剪切力随偏移距离变化曲线

$T$ 为不同轴向载荷,$\mathrm{{kN}};{F}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 为理论最大剪切力

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材料类型 屈服强度/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 抗拉强度/ MPa 外径 $\lambda \mathrm{{mm}}$ 内径/mm
V150 825 965 184.2 101.6
), ArticleFig(id=1156986840495514462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=表1, caption=5 7/8”V150 钻杆接头材料性能及尺寸参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料类型 屈服强度/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 抗拉强度/ MPa 外径 $\lambda \mathrm{{mm}}$ 内径/mm
V150 825 965 184.2 101.6
), ArticleFig(id=1156986840566817632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Johnson Cook constitutive model parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$A/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ $B/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ $n$ $C$ $m$
937 760 0.25 0.01 0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986840625537890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=CN, label=表2, caption=Johnson Cook 本构模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$A/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ $B/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ $n$ $C$ $m$
937 760 0.25 0.01 0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986840705229668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963930808607602, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Simulation and theoretical values comparison of shear stress under different pressure conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 $/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 剪切应力仿 真值/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 剪切应力理 论值/MPa 相对误差 $/\%$
0(无内压) 1 443.6 0.79
175 1 405.4 1 432.3 1.88
262.5 1 403.6 2.01
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工况 $/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 剪切应力仿 真值/$\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 剪切应力理 论值/MPa 相对误差 $/\%$
0(无内压) 1 443.6 0.79
175 1 405.4 1 432.3 1.88
262.5 1 403.6 2.01
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极端工况下闸板防喷器剪切失效场景探究
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李滨 1, 2, 3 , 武胜男 1, 2, 3, * , 张来斌 1, 2, 3
科学技术与工程 | 石油、天然气工业 2025,25(8): 3201-3208
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科学技术与工程 | 石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(8): 3201-3208
极端工况下闸板防喷器剪切失效场景探究
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李滨1, 2, 3 , 武胜男1, 2, 3, * , 张来斌1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(北京) 安全与海洋工程学院 北京 102249
  • 2 应急管理部 油气生产安全与应急技术重点实验室 北京 102249
  • 3 国家市场监督管理总局 重点实验室(油气生产装备质量检测与健康诊断) 北京 102249
  • 李滨(1996—),男,汉族,四川南充人,博士研究生。研究方向:石油装备安全与可靠性分析。E-mail:2965117515@qq.com。

通讯作者:

*武胜男(1986-),女,汉族,山西大同人,博士,副教授。研究方向:复杂油气开采、油气关键安全装备风险评估。E-mail: wusheng-nan@cup.edu.cn。
Shearing Failure Scenarios of Ram Blowout Preventer under Extreme Working Conditions
Bin LI1, 2, 3 , Sheng-nan WU1, 2, 3, * , Lai-bin ZHANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Production Safety and Emergency Technology Ministry of Emergency Management Beijing 102249 China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Production Equipment Quality Inspection and Health Diagnosis State Administration for Market Regulation Beijing 102249 China
出版时间: 2025-03-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402752
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防喷器(blowout preventer, BOP)是关键的井控设备,其中剪切闸板防喷器是防止井喷事故的最后一道防线,其在极端工况下的剪切性能对于钻井作业安全至关重要。以某超级剪切闸板防喷器为研究对象,通过显示动力学模块开展闸板防喷器剪切数值分析,将仿真结果与试验及理论计算结果对比,验证了模型的准确性及适用性。为探究极端工况对闸板防喷器剪切能力的影响,开展了高压工况、偏心工况和窜动工况下的钻杆接头剪切性能评估,并运用响应面方法建立了极端工况下的剪切力预测模型。基于极端工况下的剪切力预测模型和闸板防喷器的实际剪切能力,确定了极端工况下的剪切失效场景。结果表明:剪切应力理论值和仿真值的相对误差均小于3%。在剪切过程中,轴向拉压载荷越大越不利于剪切,而一定的偏移距离则有利于剪切。研究成果可以为预防闸板防喷器剪切失效提供技术指导。

防喷器(BOP)  /  超级剪切  /  极端工况  /  剪切力预测  /  剪切失效场景

The blowout preventer (BOP) is a key well control equipment, in which the shear ram BOP is the last line of defense against blowout accidents. Therefore, its shear performance under extreme working conditions is crucial for the safety of drilling operations. A super shear ram BOP was taken as the research object, and the numerical analysis was carried out by using the dynamics module. The simulation results were compared with experimental and theoretical values to verify the accuracy and applicability of the model. In order to investigate the influence of extreme working conditions on the shear capacity of the ram BOP, the shearing performance of the drill pipe joints was evaluated under high pressure working conditions, eccentric working conditions and moving conditions. The response surface method was applied to develop a shear force prediction model under extreme working conditions. Based on the prediction model and the actual shearing capacity provided by the ram BOP, the shearing failure scenarios under extreme working conditions were determined. The results show that the relative errors between the theoretical values and the simulation results are less than 3%. In the shearing process, the larger the axial tension and compression load, the more unfavorable the shearing. While the certain deviation distance is conducive to the shearing. The research results can provide technical guidance for preventing the shearing failure of ram BOP.

blowout preventer (BOP)  /  super shear  /  extreme conditions  /  shear force prediction  /  shearing failure scenarios
李滨, 武胜男, 张来斌. 极端工况下闸板防喷器剪切失效场景探究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3201 -3208 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402752
Bin LI, Sheng-nan WU, Lai-bin ZHANG. Shearing Failure Scenarios of Ram Blowout Preventer under Extreme Working Conditions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3201 -3208 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402752
闸板防喷器是井控的最后一道安全屏障, 在井喷等极端工况下需及时剪断钻杆以避免造成严重的人员伤亡及财产损失${}^{\left\lbrack 1 \cdot 2\right\rbrack }$。在当前向着特高压油气开采的进军过程中,对作为关键井控设备的防喷器也提出了更高的要求。剪切过程中钻杆的力学性能与闸板类型及工况设置密切相关, 探究其应力分布可为提出闸板设计优化方案提供参考。陈永胜等[3] 对 S135 钻杆剪切过程进行了理论分析和仿真分析,并对结果进行了对比。赵旭东等[4] 建立长下颚和短下颚剪切过程仿真模型,探究了刃角及有无拉伸载荷等工况下的力学特性。Wang 等[5] 通过试验测试 8630 合金钢和氢化丁二烯 - 丙烯腈橡胶的力学性能,定量分析了闸板防喷器在工作状态下的应力分布。黄鑫等[6] 对闸板体材料开展拉伸及冲击试验, 并探究了不同井内流体压力下半封闸板体不同路径的接触应力。
剪切断口形貌是直观判定剪切性能的依据, 当前有学者建立了断口形貌的数值解。刘冰等[7] 对断口几何形状计算钻杆变形模态解, 并与试验结果的形貌对比。Li 等[8] 基于塑性变形理论,研究发现 CT90 管材的最终断裂截面近似为一个菱形圆, 数值分析和实验结果相吻合。通过将断口形貌和理论解对比,既可对比验证仿真模型的准确性,也可探究在不同剪切阶段下断口形貌的变化规律。
剪切力是评价剪切性能的最重要指标,结合不同工况特性, 一些学者提出了剪切过程中的剪切力预测模型。朱学铭等[9] 提出了考虑钻杆壁厚及外径的最大剪切力预测最优结构模型及拟合公式。Zhang 等[10] 提出了一种基于等效应力的闸板防喷器剪切力评估方法。Lukin 等[11-12] 建立了一个元模型来预测防喷器切割钻杆所需的剪切力,且提出了探究剪切闸板$\mathrm{V}$ 形角、边倒角、叶片角和叶口厚度对剪切力影响的计算模型。Liu 等[13] 在剪切破坏研究中提出了基于纯剪切假设的 DET (distortion energy theory), 并提出了一种微观力学方法来校准电磁兼容准则, 用于预测防喷器切割钻杆的剪切力。但是, 这些剪切力预测模型都是针对井口压力不超过${140}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 的 S135 钻杆而建立的,不足以表征在特高压井口环境下的闸板防喷器剪切力学特性。
对于压力超过${140}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 的井口而言,其配置的是厚度远超 S135 钻杆的 V150 系列钻杆。因此, 所设计的超级剪切闸板要求能剪切$5/{8}^{\prime \prime }$ 的 V150 钻杆接头,其厚度达到${41.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,剪切难度也随之增加。同时, 在井内压力更高的环境下, 由于井筒与地层压力不平衡引起的气侵、溢流等极端工况发生的概率也会显著增加[14]。根据 2010 年的 “深水地平线”事故调查报告,在井喷事故场景下钻杆受到轴向载荷和内压载荷的显著作用[15],而闸板防喷器的剪切力不足和钻杆偏心是导致井控失败的主要原因[16]。然而,当前尚没有建立结合井压、轴向载荷和偏心距离的极端工况下特高压井口闸板防喷器剪切力预测模型。
综上所述, 目前对剪切闸板防喷器在特高压井口极端工况下的剪切性能变化趋势, 并在此基础上提出融合井压、轴向载荷及偏心距离的剪切力预测模型方面还不够系统和深入。同时, 对于极端工况下的剪切失效场景等有待进一步探究。探究闸板剪切性能在极端工况下的变化规律, 有助于针对性地提出预防措施和优化方案,防止井喷事故发生。
由于当前常用的 S135 钻具壁厚较薄, 剪切过程难度相对较小。基于为剪切壁厚明显超过 S135 钻杆而设计的超级剪切闸板,对${57}/{8}^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{V}{150}$ 钻杆接头开展仿真分析及试验对比, 探究超级剪切闸板的剪切性能。
在剪切过程中, 基于拉伸、压缩、剪切相耦合的钻杆等效应力函数为[3]
${\sigma }_{m}= \sqrt{3{n}^{2}{\tau }_{yz}^{2}+ {\sigma }_{xx}^{2}\left\lbrack {\frac{1}{4}{\left(1 + m\right)}^{2}}\right\rbrack }+ \\\frac{1}{2}\left({1 - m}\right){\sigma }_{xx}$
式 (1) 中:$m$ 为钻杆材料拉压强度比系数,是材料拉伸强度和压缩强度的比值;${\tau }_{yz}$ 为作用垂直$y$ 轴平面上并平行$z$ 轴的剪应力,$\mathrm{{MPa}};{\sigma }_{xx}$$x$ 轴方向的主应力,$\mathrm{{MPa}};n$ 为钻杆剪切强度和拉伸强度之间的关系, 可由式 (2) 计算。
$ n =\frac{{X}_{\mathrm{t}}}{\sqrt{3S}}$
式 (2) 中:${X}_{\mathrm{t}}$ 为材料拉伸强度,$\mathrm{{MPa}};S$ 为钻杆的剪切强度, MPa。
由于 Johnson-Cook 本构模型适合于模拟闸板防喷器在高应变和高应变率下的剪切过程[17]。在运用 ANSYS 的显示动力学模块来实现剪切钻杆接头仿真过程中, 采用 Johnson Cook 本构模型来表征钻杆的损伤特征。Johnson-Cook 本构模型将流动应力定义为塑性应变、应变速率和温度的函数, 其表达式为
$\sigma =\left\lbrack {A + B\left({\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{eq}}}^{n}\right)}\right\rbrack \left({1 + C\ln {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}^{* }}\right)\left({1 -{T}^{*m}}\right)$
${\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\mathrm{{eq}}}^{* }= \frac{{\dot{\varepsilon }}^{* }}{{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}}$
${T}^{* }= \frac{T -{T}_{\mathrm{r}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{m}}- {T}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
式中:$\sigma$ 为强度;${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{eq}}}$ 为等效塑性应变;${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{eq}}}^{* }$ 为无量纲应变率;${T}^{* }$ 为 无量纲温度;${\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}$ 为参考应变率;${T}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为参考温度,${}^{c}\mathrm{C};{T}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 为材料熔点,${}^{c}\mathrm{C};T$ 为当前温度,${}^{\circ }\mathrm{C};A\text{、}B\text{、}n\text{、}C\text{、}m$ 是 5 个材料常数,分别为初始屈服应力、硬化模量、硬化指数、应变率强化参数和热软化指数。
在钻杆剪切变形过程中,对应的失效应变函数为
${\varepsilon }^{\mathrm{f}}= \left({{D}_{1}+ {D}_{2}{\mathrm{e}}^{{D}_{3}{\sigma }^{* }}}\right)\left({1 +{D}_{4}\ln {\dot{\varepsilon }}^{* }}\right)\left({1 +{D}_{5}{T}^{* }}\right)$
式(6)中:${\varepsilon }^{\mathrm{f}}$ 为失效应变;${\sigma }^{* }$ 为静水压力与等效应力的比值;${D}_{1}\sim {D}_{5}$ 为失效模型参数。
剪切力是评估闸板剪切性能的关键指标, 而它与不同工况下多种参数密切相关。由于响应面方法具有获得最优多项式响应面的功能[18],由此构建剪切力和极端工况关键参数之间的关系。建立剪切力的响应面函数表达式为[19-20]
$ F ={\alpha }_{0}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{\alpha }_{i}{X}_{i}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = n + 1}}^{{2n}}{\alpha }_{i}{X}_{i - n}^{2}$
式(7)中:$\mathbf{\alpha }= {\left({\alpha }_{0},{\alpha }_{1},\cdots ,{\alpha }_{2n}\right)}^{\mathrm{T}}$${2n}+ 1$ 个未知参数;${X}_{i}$ 为不同影响因素样本点的响应值。
各个参数之间的权重可由式 (8) 计算。
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{g}_{\min }= \min \left|{X}_{i}\right|\\{w}_{i}= \frac{{g}_{\min }}{{X}_{i}}\end{array},\;i = 1,2,\cdots ,{2n}+ 1}\right.$
式 (8) 中:${g}_{\min }$ 为不同影响因素样本点的最小响应值;${w}_{i}$${g}_{\min }$${X}_{i}$ 比值所确定的权重。
待定系数$\mathbf{\alpha }$ 和响应面函数可采用加权最小二乘法求解, 如式 (9) 所示
$\mathbf{\alpha }= {\left({\mathbf{C}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathbf{W}\mathbf{C}\right)}^{-1}{\mathbf{C}}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathbf{{WY}}$
式 (9) 中:$\mathbf{C}$ 为回归系数矩阵;$\mathbf{W}$ 为权矩阵的对角矩阵;$\mathbf{Y}= {\left\lbrack {\mathbf{F}}_{1},{\mathbf{F}}_{2},\cdots ,{\mathbf{F}}_{m}\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}$ 为测试样本对应的响应矩阵。
在剪切过程中, 剪切闸板需克服井压对活塞杆的反作用力和剪切力,要实现顺利剪切,需要满足[21]
${P}_{1}{A}_{1}\geq F +{P}_{2}{A}_{2}$
式(10)中:${A}_{1}$ 为活塞有效承压面积,mm${}^{2};{A}_{2}$ 为活塞杆面积,mm${}^{2};{P}_{1}$ 为液缸油压,$\mathrm{{MPa}};{P}_{2}$ 为井压,$\mathrm{{MPa}};F$ 为闸板剪切钻杆的剪切力,$\mathrm{N}$
基于式 (10), 可以探究剪切失效的极端场景。
运用 Solidworks 建立超级剪切闸板和$5/{8}^{\prime \prime }$ V150 钻杆接头的三维模型, 再将其导入 ANSYS Workbench 中。图1 为超级剪切闸板和钻杆接头的装配示意图。${57}/{8}^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{V}{150}$ 钻杆接头的材料性能及尺寸参数如表1 所示。钻杆 Johnson Cook 本构模型参数如表2 所示[22]
剪切模型的约束条件如下:设置剪切闸板为刚体,添加 Shear damage 模型和 Johnson Cook 失效函数, 并将钻杆为设定为柔性体; 设置闸板与钻杆接触面之间的摩擦系数为 0.15;固定钻杆的上端面,设置闸板为刚体约束,水平方向自由,其他方向固定。
在数值模拟过程中, 网格数量会对计算结果的精度造成较大影响。在开展仿真计算前,通常需对模型进行网格无关性分析, 以确定适宜的网格尺寸。如图2 所示, 采用网格尺寸、质量、面尺寸调整及几何体尺寸调整等方法来细化闸板刃口和钻杆接头的网格。
图3 所示, 当网格单元数量大于 600 000 个时, 在额定工作压力下的剪切应力几乎不再发生变化。同时,若网格数量越多,计算时间就越长,所消耗的计算资源也越多。因此本文设定剪切模型中剪切闸板和钻杆接头的主体网格尺寸为$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,并对剪切面局部采用补丁适形法细化和网格质量优化, 此时剪切模型共被划分为 643832 个网格单元,后续工作都在此基础上开展。
从剪切应力和断口形貌两个角度对建立的仿真模型进行验证。经过理论计算, 剪切应力理论值为${1432.3}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。基于剪切仿真模型,分别计算无内压、175 MPa 和 262.5 MPa 工况下的钻杆接头剪切应力。在 3 种工况下, 剪切应力理论值和仿真值之间的相对误差均未超过 3%, 如表3图4 所示。由于内部充满高压, 材料在剪切的过程中更容易出现损伤,则钻杆接头的剪切应力在高压工况下而略有下降。
为了验证剪切仿真结果的准确性,开展${57}/8{}^{\prime \prime }$ V150 钻杆接头的剪切试验,对剪切试验及仿真形貌进行对比。在剪切试验过程中, 将钻杆的上端面固定住。控制系统为剪切闸板防喷器提供动力, 进而完成对钻杆接头的剪切。
剪切后的 V150 钻杆接头断面形貌如图5 所示, 由于钻杆接头壁厚较大, 断面形状均为变形量较小的椭圆形。剪切试验后钻杆接头上端面的长径为${183.18}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,短径为${99.27}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。而仿真分析得到的上端面长径为${180.02}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,短径为${96.59}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。对比可知,上端面长径的误差为${1.72}\%$,短径的误差为 2.69%,相对误差也均未超过 3%。
在特高压井口可能出现的极端工况包括:高压工况、窜动工况和偏心工况。考虑的窜动工况是指钻杆接头两端受到轴向载荷, 其中上端受拉伸载荷,下端受压缩载荷,模拟抬升效应。偏心工况则是指钻杆接头偏离了中心位置, 偏移距离即是指钻杆接头中心和剪切闸板中心沿水平方向之间的距离。
由于剪切模型仿真耗时较长, 且对计算工具的性能要求较高。为了节约时间和资源, 设定整个剪切过程耗时${0.01}\mathrm{\;s}$,对应图4 中的应力分布图,此时钻杆接头恰好被剪断。提取不同压力剪切工况下钻杆接头的应力随时间变化曲线,如图6 所示。
图6 可以看出, 在剪切过程中, 不同压力下剪切应力的变化趋势是一致的,均是对应在${0.006}\mathrm{\;s}$ 出现峰值。在${0.006}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时,${262.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下的剪切应力比无内压工况仅仅小${0.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。由此说明,在高井压和大壁厚的耦合作用下, 剪切应力变化不显著。因此后文重点探究剪切力在窜动和偏心工况下的变化规律。
通过对钻杆接头上、下端面施加轴向载荷来模拟窜动工况。设定的轴向载荷取值范围为$0 \sim {3000}\mathrm{\;{kN}}$, 提取不同轴向载荷下闸板应力及剪切力变化曲线如图7 所示。
图7(a) 所示, 在不同的轴向载荷作用下, 前期闸板应力随轴向拉伸载荷增大而增大,后期不同工况下闸板应力差异很小。在剪切过程中,${2000}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 轴向拉伸载荷工况出现最大剪切力,后期则各工况闸板剪切力差异很小, 但最大剪切力均大于无轴向载荷工况。设计的超级剪切闸板的屈服强度为${1300}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,而在$0 \sim {3000}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 轴向拉伸载荷范围内闸板应力均小于该值, 说明超级剪切闸板能顺利完成剪切。
通过调节钻杆接头离剪切闸板中心位置的水平距离来模拟偏心工况。设定的偏移距离取值范围为$0 \sim {40}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,提取的不同偏移距离下闸板应力及剪切力变化曲线如图8 所示。
图8 可以看出, 在前期随着偏移距离的增加, 应力增长时间提前,但偏移距离为${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时应力增长最为迅速, 后期闸板应力差距缩小。随着闸板刃口位移的增加, 不同偏移距离下的剪切力均先增加后下降。从最后的剪切力数值可判断剪切速率的快慢,可知偏移量为${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 工况剪切最先完成,其次是偏移量为${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。其他工况下剪切所需时间都相对较长,在偏移量为${40}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,剪切力峰值接近${1.4}\times {10}^{6}\mathrm{\;N}$。由此可见,在钻杆接头存在一定偏移量的工况下,剪切更容易实现。与前文类似,在$0 \sim$ ${40}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 偏移距离范围内闸板应力均小于${1300}\mathrm{{MPa}}$, 说明超级剪切闸板能顺利完成剪切。
由于超级剪切闸板的设计参数本身已得到厂家的优化, 故文中不分析闸板尺寸参数对剪切力的影响。根据特高压井口的特点, 设定关键参数的取值范围如下:井压范围为${175}\sim {875}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ;轴向拉伸载荷的取值范围为$0 \sim {4000}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ;偏移距离的取值范围为$0 \sim {100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。基于不同极端工况下剪切力随关键参数的变化规律, 运用响应面方法建立考虑井压、轴向拉伸载荷和偏移距离的剪切力预测方程, 如式 (11) 所示。
$ F =- {1.6}- {6.6P}+ {5.34T}- {4.05S}+ {8.5}{P}^{2}+ \\\text{1.}2{T}^{2}+ {157.74}{S}^{2}$
式 (11) 中:$F$ 为剪切力,$\mathrm{N};P$ 为井压,$\mathrm{{MPa}};T$ 为轴向拉伸载荷,$\mathrm{{kN}};S$ 为偏移距离,$\mathrm{{mm}}$
所研究的超级剪切闸板防喷器, 其液压缸额定油压为${42}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,活塞有效承压面积为${346690}{\mathrm{\;{mm}}}^{2}$, 活塞杆面积为${15394}{\mathrm{\;{mm}}}^{2}$。根据设计的剪切闸板液压缸,在额定井压下,所能提供的最大剪切力为${1.18}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{\;N}$
根据剪切力响应面方程, 在仅考虑井压的情况下, 分析超级剪切闸板的剪切性能。如图9 所示, 随着井压的增加, 剪断钻杆接头所需的剪切力增加, 而剪切闸板所能提供的剪切力在降低。当井压为${686}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,二者重合。则当井压大于${686}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,超级剪切闸板就不能实现对 V150 钻杆接头的有效剪切。
在仅考虑井压的情况下, 探究不同压力下预测曲线和仿真曲线的对应关系,如图10 所示。${R}_{i}$ 为不同井压作用下预测曲线计算值和仿真值之间的相对误差, 其计算公式为
${R}_{i}= \frac{\left|{F}_{i}- {S}_{i}\right|}{{F}_{i}}\times {100}\%$
式 (12) 中:${F}_{i}$${S}_{i}$ 分别为不同井压下的剪切力预测值和仿真值。
图10 所示,在额定井压${175}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 作用下,预测值和仿真值的误差仅为 0.06%。当压力为 2 倍额定井压时,二者的误差值最大,其值为 12.41%。随着井压进一步增大, 误差呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。这是由于预测曲线中未考虑刀具及剪切角对剪切力的影响, 导致预测结果比仿真结果偏大, 但整体上仿真值和预测值还较为吻合。
设定井压为额定工作压力, 分析轴向载荷对剪切力的影响。如图11 所示,当轴向载荷为${3098}\mathrm{\;{kN}}$ 时, 闸板所能提供的剪切力刚好和所需的剪切力重合。由此说明, 在额定井压工况下, 轴向载荷若超过${3098}\mathrm{{kN}}$,就不能实现有效剪切。
为了进一步探究轴向载荷和偏移距离的相互影响, 分析不同偏移距离下剪切力随轴向载荷变化规律和不同轴向载荷下剪切力随偏移距离变化规律, 分别如图12图13 所示。
图12 所示, 在额定工作压力下, 当偏移距离为${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,闸板极限剪切轴向载荷为${2879}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ; 而当偏移距离为${60}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,闸板极限剪切轴向载荷为${3021}\mathrm{{kN}}$。前者是后者的 0.95 倍。
图13 所示, 在额定井压下, 当轴向载荷小于${2800}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 时,在$0 \sim {100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 范围内均能实现正常剪切。但当轴向拉伸载荷为${2900}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 时,偏移距离超过${95}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 就不能剪切。而当轴向拉伸载荷为${3000}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 时,偏移距离小于${67}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 才能实现顺利剪切。
结合 V150 钻杆接头剪切数值分析和剪切试验, 并依托响应面方法评估剪切失效场景, 得到以下结论。
(1)通过剪切应力计算公式和剪切试验,得到剪切应力及断口尺寸值和仿真值相对误差均小于 3%, 验证了剪切仿真模型的准确性。
(2)井压增加会导致剪切应力略有下降,但井压和轴向载荷增大均会导致剪切力升高, 而当钻杆的水平偏移距离小于${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 会有利于剪切。
(3)在额定井压工况下,剪切力预测值和仿真值的相对误差为 0.06%,由于预测曲线中未考虑刀具及剪切角的影响, 导致拟合结果整体比仿真结果偏大。
(4)基于响应面方法理论,建立了考虑井压、轴向载荷和偏移距离的闸板防喷器剪切力预测方程, 并探究了极端工况下的剪切失效场景。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52474019)
  • 中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462024QNXZ004)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402752
  • 接收时间:2024-04-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16
  • 修回日期:2024-12-17
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52474019)
中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462024QNXZ004)
作者信息
    1 中国石油大学(北京) 安全与海洋工程学院 北京 102249
    2 应急管理部 油气生产安全与应急技术重点实验室 北京 102249
    3 国家市场监督管理总局 重点实验室(油气生产装备质量检测与健康诊断) 北京 102249

通讯作者:

*武胜男(1986-),女,汉族,山西大同人,博士,副教授。研究方向:复杂油气开采、油气关键安全装备风险评估。E-mail: wusheng-nan@cup.edu.cn。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402752
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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