Article(id=1156963928292020813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403397, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715097600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-08, revisedDate=1735401600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753771295854, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1742227200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753771295854, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753771295854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771295854, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156963927277003616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753771295613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777038876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3235, endPage=3246, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156963928958915154, articleId=1156963928292020813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Hydrodynamic Calculation of Offshore PE Floating Block Floating Foundation Structure, columnId=1156963928891806289, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, China's offshore floating photovoltaic is in its exploratory stage, which ensures the dynamic stability of floating photovoltaic foundation under varying environmental loads becoming a key research priority. In order to more effectively solve the above-mentioned difficulties and the shortage of land resources in the photovoltaic industry, a floating photovoltaic PE floating block foundation structure design, hydrodynamic calculation and optimization were completed through numerical simulation calculation based on the environmental conditions of a sea area in Rushan City, Weihai. The results indicate that wave height, wave period, and wave incidence angle have varying degrees of influence on the motion response and internal force values of the structure. Based on the analysis, practical applications of the new floating foundation in specific projects are guided, showing promising results that verify the feasibility and stability of this foundation structure's application.

, correspAuthors=Cong-huan LE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ye-bin ZHAO, Hao WANG, Cong-huan LE, Pu-yang ZHANG, Ying-fei LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156964029404107157, articleId=1156963928292020813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=新型海上漂浮式光伏基础水动力特性分析, columnId=1154013917111115781, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

现阶段中国海上漂浮式光伏正处于探索起步阶段,保证漂浮式光伏基础下在不同环境载荷下的动态稳定性成为当今的研究重点之一,为更有效地解决上述难点以及光伏产业中土地资源短缺的问题,针对威海乳山市某海域环境条件,通过数值仿真计算完成海上漂浮式光伏PE浮块式基础结构方案设计、水动力计算及优化。结果表明:波高、波周期、波浪入射角度对结构的运动响应和内力值有不同程度的影响。根据分析结果,指导新型漂浮式基础在具体项目的实际应用,实际效果理想,验证了该基础结构应用的可行性和稳定性。

, correspAuthors=乐丛欢, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*乐丛欢(1983-),女,汉族,江西东乡人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:海上风电及海上光伏支撑结构设计研发、海上拖航施工作业。E-mail: leconghuan@163.com。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Ept6zDSmUxlNdlcCIqDkFw==, magXml=AW4D6g+VM7RHKRPuTpeSZA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IdO6i/yS34dbZ4/xKTK3bw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=v230lTz2e3BYTcSbJY8ojQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵业彬(1986—),男,汉族,山东新泰人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:海洋工程结构研发设计。E-mail:zhaoyebin@sdepci.com。

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赵业彬(1986—),男,汉族,山东新泰人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:海洋工程结构研发设计。E-mail:zhaoyebin@sdepci.com。

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赵业彬(1986—),男,汉族,山东新泰人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:海洋工程结构研发设计。E-mail:zhaoyebin@sdepci.com。

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Jinan 250013 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986848225615887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, companyId=1156986848213032973, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 济南 250013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1156986848280141841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986848288530449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, companyId=1156986848280141841, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986848292724754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, 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articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Structural dimensions and material parameters of the scheme, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 尺寸 壁厚/ mm 个数 单个重 量/kg 总重 量/kg
PE 浮体 $4\mathrm{\;m}\left(\text{长}\right)\times {2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) 5 12 224.26 2 691.12
填充 泡沫 $4\mathrm{\;m}\left(\text{长}\right)\times {2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) - 12 112 1 344
钢材 ${76.6}\mathrm{\;m}\left(\text{长}\right)\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) 8 1 12 090.03 12 090.03
光伏 板 ${2.278}\mathrm{\;m}$(长)$\times {1.134}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.035}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) - 36 32 1 152
连接 缆绳 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$(长)、${21}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$(直径) - 154 - -
系泊 缆绳 ${35}\mathrm{\;m}$${30}\sim {60}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$(直径) - 4 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1156986856991711562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表1, caption=方案结构尺寸以及材料参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 尺寸 壁厚/ mm 个数 单个重 量/kg 总重 量/kg
PE 浮体 $4\mathrm{\;m}\left(\text{长}\right)\times {2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) 5 12 224.26 2 691.12
填充 泡沫 $4\mathrm{\;m}\left(\text{长}\right)\times {2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) - 12 112 1 344
钢材 ${76.6}\mathrm{\;m}\left(\text{长}\right)\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) 8 1 12 090.03 12 090.03
光伏 板 ${2.278}\mathrm{\;m}$(长)$\times {1.134}\mathrm{\;m}$(宽)$\times {0.035}\mathrm{\;m}$(高) - 36 32 1 152
连接 缆绳 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$(长)、${21}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$(直径) - 154 - -
系泊 缆绳 ${35}\mathrm{\;m}$${30}\sim {60}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$(直径) - 4 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857042043213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Hydrostatic recovery stiffness of external frame structural dimensions and material parameters of the scheme, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 $x$ $y$ $z$ ${r}_{x}$ ${r}_{y}$ ${r}_{z}$
$x$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$y$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$z$ 0 0 ${5.8319}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;N}/\mathrm{m}$ $-{3.82}\mathrm{\;N}$ 1.794 8 N 0
${r}_{x}$ 0 0 $-{3.82}\mathrm{\;N}$ 3.665 $4 \times {10}^{7}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 24.${448}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ -0.915 9 N・m
${r}_{y}$ 0 0 1.794 8 N 24.${448}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ ${3.469}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 1.391 8 N・m
${r}_{z}$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857121734992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表2, caption=外部框架静水回复刚度方案结构尺寸及材料参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 $x$ $y$ $z$ ${r}_{x}$ ${r}_{y}$ ${r}_{z}$
$x$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$y$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$z$ 0 0 ${5.8319}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;N}/\mathrm{m}$ $-{3.82}\mathrm{\;N}$ 1.794 8 N 0
${r}_{x}$ 0 0 $-{3.82}\mathrm{\;N}$ 3.665 $4 \times {10}^{7}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 24.${448}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ -0.915 9 N・m
${r}_{y}$ 0 0 1.794 8 N 24.${448}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ ${3.469}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 1.391 8 N・m
${r}_{z}$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857193038163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Static water recovery stiffness of internal PE floating unit, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 $x$ $y$ $z$ ${r}_{x}$ ${r}_{y}$ ${r}_{z}$
$x$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$y$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$z$ 0 0 ${1.1126}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;N}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.000 355 74 N -0.079 741 N 0
${r}_{x}$ 0 0 ${3.5574}\times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{\;N}$ ${72939}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 0.004 699 5 N·m -0.000 2 N·m
${r}_{y}$ 0 0 -0.079 741 N 0.004 699 5 N・m ${1.4949}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ -0.000 5 N·m
${r}_{z}$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857268535637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表3, caption=内部 PE 浮体单元静水回复刚度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 $x$ $y$ $z$ ${r}_{x}$ ${r}_{y}$ ${r}_{z}$
$x$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$y$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
$z$ 0 0 ${1.1126}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;N}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.000 355 74 N -0.079 741 N 0
${r}_{x}$ 0 0 ${3.5574}\times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{\;N}$ ${72939}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 0.004 699 5 N·m -0.000 2 N·m
${r}_{y}$ 0 0 -0.079 741 N 0.004 699 5 N・m ${1.4949}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;N}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ -0.000 5 N·m
${r}_{z}$ 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857381781847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Design of floating block spacing working conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 浮块间距 $/\mathrm{m}$ 波高/m 周期/s 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 1.0
工况二 1.5 2.8 8 45
工况三 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857448890711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表4, caption=浮块间距工况设计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 浮块间距 $/\mathrm{m}$ 波高/m 周期/s 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 1.0
工况二 1.5 2.8 8 45
工况三 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857511805273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Design of wave height working conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 波高/m 周期 $/\mathrm{s}$ 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 0.5
工况二 1.0
工况三 1.5 8 45
工况四 2.0
工况五 2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857578914139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表5, caption=波高工况设计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 波高/m 周期 $/\mathrm{s}$ 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 0.5
工况二 1.0
工况三 1.5 8 45
工况四 2.0
工况五 2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857637634397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Design of wave period working conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 周期/s 波高/m 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 6 2.8
工况二 8
工况三 10 45
工况四 12
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857692160351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表6, caption=波浪周期工况设计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 周期/s 波高/m 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 6 2.8
工况二 8
工况三 10 45
工况四 12
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857780240737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Design of wave incidence angle working conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 周期/s 波高/m 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 0
工况二 30
工况三 8 2.8 45
工况四 60
工况五 90
), ArticleFig(id=1156986857851543907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928292020813, language=CN, label=表7, caption=波浪入射角工况设计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 周期/s 波高/m 波浪入射角 $/\left({}^{\circ }\right)$
工况一 0
工况二 30
工况三 8 2.8 45
工况四 60
工况五 90
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新型海上漂浮式光伏基础水动力特性分析
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赵业彬 1 , 王昊 1 , 乐丛欢 2, * , 张浦阳 2 , 刘滢霏 2
科学技术与工程 | 电工技术 2025,25(8): 3235-3246
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科学技术与工程 | 电工技术 2025, 25(8): 3235-3246
新型海上漂浮式光伏基础水动力特性分析
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赵业彬1 , 王昊1, 乐丛欢2, * , 张浦阳2, 刘滢霏2
作者信息
  • 1 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 济南 250013
  • 2 天津大学 水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室 天津 300350
  • 赵业彬(1986—),男,汉族,山东新泰人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:海洋工程结构研发设计。E-mail:zhaoyebin@sdepci.com。

通讯作者:

*乐丛欢(1983-),女,汉族,江西东乡人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:海上风电及海上光伏支撑结构设计研发、海上拖航施工作业。E-mail: leconghuan@163.com。
Analysis of Hydrodynamic Calculation of Offshore PE Floating Block Floating Foundation Structure
Ye-bin ZHAO1 , Hao WANG1, Cong-huan LE2, * , Pu-yang ZHANG2, Ying-fei LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd. Jinan 250013 China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
出版时间: 2025-03-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403397
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现阶段中国海上漂浮式光伏正处于探索起步阶段,保证漂浮式光伏基础下在不同环境载荷下的动态稳定性成为当今的研究重点之一,为更有效地解决上述难点以及光伏产业中土地资源短缺的问题,针对威海乳山市某海域环境条件,通过数值仿真计算完成海上漂浮式光伏PE浮块式基础结构方案设计、水动力计算及优化。结果表明:波高、波周期、波浪入射角度对结构的运动响应和内力值有不同程度的影响。根据分析结果,指导新型漂浮式基础在具体项目的实际应用,实际效果理想,验证了该基础结构应用的可行性和稳定性。

PE浮块式基础  /  海上漂浮式光伏基础  /  结构运动响应  /  光伏发电系统

At present, China's offshore floating photovoltaic is in its exploratory stage, which ensures the dynamic stability of floating photovoltaic foundation under varying environmental loads becoming a key research priority. In order to more effectively solve the above-mentioned difficulties and the shortage of land resources in the photovoltaic industry, a floating photovoltaic PE floating block foundation structure design, hydrodynamic calculation and optimization were completed through numerical simulation calculation based on the environmental conditions of a sea area in Rushan City, Weihai. The results indicate that wave height, wave period, and wave incidence angle have varying degrees of influence on the motion response and internal force values of the structure. Based on the analysis, practical applications of the new floating foundation in specific projects are guided, showing promising results that verify the feasibility and stability of this foundation structure's application.

PE floating block foundation  /  offshore floating photovoltaic  /  structural motion response  /  photovoltaic power generation system
赵业彬, 王昊, 乐丛欢, 张浦阳, 刘滢霏. 新型海上漂浮式光伏基础水动力特性分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3235 -3246 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403397
Ye-bin ZHAO, Hao WANG, Cong-huan LE, Pu-yang ZHANG, Ying-fei LIU. Analysis of Hydrodynamic Calculation of Offshore PE Floating Block Floating Foundation Structure[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3235 -3246 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403397
21 世纪以来, 由于传统能源的日渐枯竭及环境污染日趋严重,寻找一种替代传统化石能源的清洁能源尤为重要。随着光伏产业技术的不断突破,太阳能也逐渐成为各国能源结构中清洁能源的重要组成部分[1]。在全球光伏产业迅猛发展的同时,中国的光伏产业也在快速发展。由于太阳能的能量密度低, 传统的光伏系统需要占用大量土地, 使得地面光伏发展受到限制[2]。当前中国主要的光伏发电集中在中西部, 虽然可以解决部分中西部地区的能源利用, 但是对于人口稠密, 土地资源稀缺的东部地区,大规模建设地面光伏电站十分困难[3]。因此, 光伏发电的布设地点逐渐从陆地转向海洋, 形成水上光伏发电系统,可以有效利用海洋资源。
海洋相对于内陆、内湖环境恶劣,对海上光伏电站基础结构的承载力和耐候性提出考验, 不同于成熟的陆地大基地或分布式光伏项目,海上光伏的发展与推广依然充满挑战[4]。考虑到海上漂浮式光伏系统技术尚未完全成熟,许多新型结构的研究重点放在结构强度的研究上, 研究结构是否能有效抵御海风海浪等环境荷载作用[5],并未考虑到其自身的运动响应, 而中外对浮体结构的运动响应研究也较少。何啸[6] 将海浪简化后分析了浮体结构在海浪中的运动特性及角度摆动规律, 在假设浮体倾角和波倾角相等的基础上推导除了光伏板的辐射能计算公式。鲁文鹤等[7] 基于何啸[6] 提出的假设,推导出了不同角度摆放下的光伏板在不同波浪入射方向下的二阶斯托克斯波作用后的辐射能的计算方法, 提出了名为 “时均倾角”的概念, 发现光伏板在波浪影响下所受辐射能的变化规律与时均倾角有关,会随着时均倾角的增大而减小,并在此基础上提出了一种有关海上漂浮式光伏的运动相应的评价方法。孙哲[8] 以漂浮式光伏方阵为研究对象, 考虑连接件刚度影响下漂浮方阵浮体的运动响应分析,同时考虑破断工况对结构运动响应的影响, 并分析了风流作用下结构的锚泊系统的受力变化。Rubón 等[9]提出了一种从流体力学和结构角度分析风浪条件, 最后综合评估漂浮式光伏的方法, 通过大量的数据模拟得出风力作用主要影响漂浮式结构的横荡与纵荡运动, 而波浪作用主要影响结构其他自由度上的运动的结论。吴国强等[10] 通过使用 AN-SYS/AQWA 软件, 研究探讨了漂浮式平台在风浪流作用下运动性能的变化。
现阶段海上光伏产业处于探索起步阶段, 中国现有的漂浮式光伏发电系统示范项目一般建设在面积较小的内陆水域,采用“渔光互补”的模式,工况环境相对简单[11],而在复杂海洋环境下,光伏组件、电气系统、支撑结构等关键技术亟需研究论证。鉴于此, 针对威海乳山市某海域环境条件, 通过理论分析、数值仿真计算完成海上 PE 浮块式基础结构方案设计、 验证及优化, 助力形成海上漂浮式光伏平价方案。
以海上光伏电站为研究对象, 针对威海乳山市某海域环境条件,设计一种 PE 浮块基础方案[12],方案一如图1 所示,平台尺寸为${20.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ (长)$\times {19.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ (宽)$\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ (高),由$4 \times 3 ={12}$ 个浮块单元组成。总容量可达${19.4}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$。共设置 4 个锚点,每个锚点布置 2 根悬链式系泊缆。内部浮块采用 PE 材质内部填充泡沫,单个浮块尺寸为$4\mathrm{\;m}$ (长)$\times {2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ (宽)$\times {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ (高),可布设 3 套光伏组件,单个光伏组件尺寸为${2279}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (长)$\times {1134}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (宽)$\times$ ${35}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (高),发电量为${540}\mathrm{\;W}$。具体参数如图2 所示。
平台外框架由直径${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的钢管组成,内部浮块之间和浮块与外圈通过多束预张高分子聚乙烯缆绳连接, 确保内部浮块之间的运动协调和支撑结构的整体性。表1 给出方案结构尺寸及材料参数。
外框与内部浮体单元的实体模型是在 Rhino 中建立的, 如图3 所示, 并在 Gine 赋予湿表面属性并进行网格划分,导出结构的 T1 面元模型和 T3 质量模型,随后在 Hydrod 中进行水动力参数计算,波浪入射角覆盖${0}^{\circ }\sim {360}^{\circ }$ 范围,以${15}^{\circ }$ 为步长,波浪频率覆盖${0.05}\sim 5\mathrm{{rad}}/\mathrm{s}$,步长为${0.05}\mathrm{{rad}}/\mathrm{s}$,将浮体单元与外框计算所得的 G1. SIF 文件导入 SIMO 中,并设置连接缆和系泊缆,并设置波浪条件进行计算,建立的模型如图4 所示。模型坐标系以及波浪入射及角的定义如图5 所示。
2.1.1 静水回复刚度
外部框架和内部 PE 浮体单元静水回复刚度结果如表2表3 所示。
2.2.1 改变浮块间距
为研究不同的浮块间距对漂浮式光伏基础结构整体运动性能的影响, 设置 3 种不同波高工况, 浮块间距分别为${1.0}\text{、}{1.5}\text{、}{2.0}\mathrm{\;m},3$ 种工况对应的波高均为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$,波浪周期均为$8\mathrm{\;s}$,波浪入射角为${45}^{\circ }$, 波谱选取 Jonswap 谱,如表4 所示。
以下为外框结构在不同工况下的六自由度运动时程曲线, 只考虑浮块间距改变对结构运动响应的影响,选取${1000}\mathrm{\;s}$ 计算时程进行规律分析。
图6 为外框结构在不同浮块间距工况下的六自由度时程曲线, 可以看出: 结构的横荡、纵荡以及艏摇值受到浮块间距的影响规律较为不明显,结构的垂荡、纵摇以及横摇幅值受浮块间距的影响较明显,当浮块间距增大时,结构的垂荡、横摇和纵摇都有所增加。考虑到浮块间距过小, 浮块易发生相互碰撞以及连接缆长度过短时连接缆内力会增加, 最终选定新型海上漂浮式光伏基础外框为矩形外框, 内部浮块间距为${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$
2.2.2 不同有义波高
为研究不同的波浪高度对漂浮式光伏基础结构整体运动性能的影响, 设置 5 种不同波高工况, 有义波浪高度分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$,5种工况对应的周期均为$8\mathrm{\;s}$,波浪谱选取 Jonswap 谱,如表5 所示。
以下为外框结构在不同工况下的六自由度运动时程曲线、连接缆统计值以及系泊时程曲线, 为确保计算结果的准确性,选取${3600}\mathrm{\;s}$ 计算时程进行规律分析。
(1)六自由度运动。图7 为外框结构在不同波浪工况下的六自由度时程曲线,可以看出:结构的横荡值受波高的影响规律不明显,主要是由于结构的横荡和纵荡运动主要受波浪慢漂力的影响较大,在不同的波浪工况下,横荡最大值为${2.89}\mathrm{\;m}$,纵荡最大值为${2.5}\mathrm{\;m}$。结构的垂荡、纵摇以及横摇幅值受波高的影响较大,当波高为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,结构响应对应的最大值分别为:垂荡为${0.89}\mathrm{\;m}$、纵摇为${6.5}^{\circ }$、横摇为${7.1}^{\circ }$。结构的艏摇运动同样随波高变化的规律不明显,当波高为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,结构艏摇最大值为${12.54}^{\circ }$
(2)连接缆内力统计值。图8 为浮体单元与外框之间的连接缆在不同波高工况下的连接缆的最大内力和平均内力统计值,当波高为${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,对应的连接缆内力最大值接近${3.5}\mathrm{t}$,多数系泊缆的内力最大值在$2\mathrm{t}$ 附近,平均值的最大值为${500}\mathrm{\;N}$。当波高为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,对应的连接缆内力最大值接近${20}\mathrm{t}$,多数系泊缆的内力最大值小于${10}\mathrm{t}$,平均值的最大值为${6000}\mathrm{\;N}$
(3)系泊力计算结果。图9 为 PE 浮块方案在不同波高工况下的系缆力统计值,当波高为${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,系缆力最大值出现在波浪入射方向对应的两根系泊缆,且对应的系缆力最大值为${766.16}\mathrm{\;N}$。当波高为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,系缆力最大值为${4.197}\mathrm{t}$
2.2.3 不同谱峰周期
为研究波浪周期对漂浮式光伏基础结构运动响应的影响, 设置 4 种不同的波浪工况, 其中波高均为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$,波浪入射角均为${45}^{\circ }$,波浪周期分别为 4、 6、8、${10}\mathrm{\;s}$,工况设计如表6 所示。
为外框结构在不同工况下的六自由度运动时程曲线、连接缆统计值以及系泊时程曲线,由于计算工况较多且计算过程中步长设置较小, 为节约计算成本,选取${70}\mathrm{\;s}$ 计算时程进行规律分析。
(1)六自由度运动。图10为漂浮式基础外框结构在不同周期波浪环境下的六自由度运动的位移时程曲线, 可以看出, 当波浪的入射角以及波浪高度相同时, 波浪周期对结构的运动响应的影响较小,结构运动幅值相差不大,但是分析可知,波浪周期为$6\mathrm{\;s}$ 时,结构整体的运动响应较大,即在实际海域中, 短周期波浪对结构的影响更大。
(2)连接缆内力统计值。图11 为与外框相连的连接缆内力统计值,波高为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$,波浪入射角为${45}^{\circ }$,当周期为$6\mathrm{\;s}$ 时,内力最大值接近${40}\mathrm{t}$,多数连接缆内力值小于${20}\mathrm{t}$,平均值最大值为${11.6}\mathrm{t}$。当周期为${12}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时,内力的最大值为${15}\mathrm{t}$,多数连接缆内力值小于${10}\mathrm{t}$,平均值最大值为${1106}\mathrm{\;N}$,由此可知,虽然周期对外框结构整体运动响应的影响较小, 但在$6\mathrm{\;s}$ 的短周期波环境中,由于波长与内部结构的特征长度接近, 从而导致内部浮体运动响应较大, 使得连接缆内力大幅度增加, 即短周期的环境波浪对结构整体较为危险。
(3)系泊力计算结果。图12 为漂浮式基础结构系泊力时程曲线,当波浪周期为$6\mathrm{\;s}$ 时,系泊力最大值为${21.6}\mathrm{t}$,当波浪周期为${12}\mathrm{s}$ 时,系泊力最大值为${34.1}\mathrm{t}$
2.2.4 不同波浪入射角
为研究波浪入射角对漂浮式基础结构的影响规律, 设计 5 种不同的波浪入射角工况, 入射角分别为${0}^{\circ },{30}^{\circ },{45}^{\circ },{60}^{\circ },{90}^{\circ }$,与之对应的波高与周期分别为${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$$8\mathrm{\;s}$,波浪谱选用 Jonswap 谱,工况设计如表7 所示。
图13 为不同波浪入射角下结构的横荡及纵荡时程曲线, 可以看出, 波浪入射角对结构横荡以及纵荡影响较小,在${0}^{\circ }$ 波浪入射角下,结构横荡运动相对较大,而波浪入射角为${90}^{\circ }$ 时结构的纵荡运动相对较大。波浪入射角对结构垂荡、横摇和纵摇的影响规律较为明显,不同的波浪入射角对结构的垂荡幅值影响较小, 可见结构的垂荡位移主要受波高以及周期的影响较大。分析结构运动的横摇和纵摇时程曲线可知, 当波浪周期不变时, 结构的横摇和纵摇时程曲线的变化幅度基本一致, 对于结构的纵摇而言,波浪入射角为${90}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最大,波浪入射角为${0}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最小,且外框结构的纵摇幅值随着波浪入射角的增大而不断增加, 对于结构的横摇而言, 波浪入射角为${90}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最小,波浪入射角为${0}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最大, 且外框结构的横摇幅值随着波浪入射角的增大而不断减小。对比不同波浪入射角下结构的垂荡、横摇以及纵摇时程曲线,由图13 可知,波浪入射角对结构垂荡、横摇和纵摇的影响规律较为明显,不同的波浪入射角对结构的垂荡幅值影响较小,可见结构的垂荡位移主要受波高以及周期的影响较大。分析结构运动的横摇和纵摇时程曲线可知,当波浪周期不变时, 结构的横摇和纵摇时程曲线的变化幅度基本一致,对于结构的纵摇而言,波浪入射角为${90}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最大,波浪入射角为${0}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最小,且外框结构的纵摇幅值随着波浪入射角的增大而不断增加, 对于结构的横摇而言,波浪入射角为${90}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最小,波浪入射角为${0}^{\circ }$ 时幅值最大,且外框结构的横摇幅值随着波浪入射角的增大而不断减小。
风荷载作为环境荷载的重要组成部分, 对海上漂浮结构有着重要的影响。根据《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009-2012),围护结构风荷载标准值 的计算公式为
${w}_{k}= {\beta }_{\mathrm{{gz}}}{\mu }_{\mathrm{{sl}}}{\mu }_{z}{w}_{0}$
式(1)中:${\beta }_{\mathrm{g}z}$ 为高度$z$ 处的阵风系数;${\mu }_{\mathrm{{sl}}}$ 为风荷载局部体型系数;${\mu }_{z}$ 为风压高度变化系数;${w}_{0}$ 为基本风压,$\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$
本次校核基本风压 ,根据《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009-2012),地面粗糙度为近海海面和海岛、海岸、湖岸及沙漠地区的 类,距离海平面高度 取得风压高度变化系数 ,阵风系 ; 风荷载局部体型系数的取值为 1.30,得到风荷载标准值 。
根据《光伏发电站设计规范》(GB 50797-2012), 荷载组合应考虑 1.4 的分项系数, 即风荷载为 。
每块光伏板面积为${2.583}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$,共 36 块光伏板, 因此得风荷载为${185.38}\mathrm{{kN}}$
外缘尺寸 20.3m (长)$\times {19.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ (宽)$\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ (高),管径${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$,壁厚${15}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,垫板长${4.56}\mathrm{\;m}$,厚${24}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,外框的用钢量为${24.2}\mathrm{t}$。每个内部吊耳加$8\mathrm{t}$ 连接力,外部吊耳加 30$\mathrm{t}$ 系泊力,连接力方向向内,系泊力方向与系泊缆布置方向一致。结构应力分布如图14~图16 所示。
由计算结果可以发现, 结构整体应力基本小于${345}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,只有垫板与外框连接的局部位置出现应力集中, 其余位置应力均较小, 因此认为结构强度满足要求。
针对威海乳山市某海域, 设计一种 PE 浮块式漂浮式基础结构, 并就结构自身尺寸、系泊缆属性以及环境参数进行敏感性分析,得到如下主要结论。
(1)在不同波高工况下, PE 浮块基础结构的六自由度运动受波高变化的影响较小;对于浮体单元与外框之间的连接缆和系泊缆来说, 波高的变化会引起其内力值产生较大变化, 波高的增加会引起内力值的增加。
(2)周期对结构运动响应的影响主要表现在短周期波会明显增大结构的运动响应,而当波浪周期大于${10}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时,结构的整体运动响应会有一个明显的下降, 短周期波对波浪结构较为危险。
(3)当波浪入射角与基础结构的某一条边存在夹角时,会使得结构具有一个较大艏摇值,同时会在其他自由度上产生耦合运动, 从而使得结构的运动响应和系泊缆力增大, 所以在实际工程中, 应当避开短周期海域, 同时应该顺浪布置结构, 减小结构的艏摇值。
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2025年第25卷第8期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403397
  • 接收时间:2024-05-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08
  • 修回日期:2024-12-29
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    1 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 济南 250013
    2 天津大学 水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室 天津 300350

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*乐丛欢(1983-),女,汉族,江西东乡人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:海上风电及海上光伏支撑结构设计研发、海上拖航施工作业。E-mail: leconghuan@163.com。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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