Article(id=1156963928124253027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403736, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716134400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-20, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753771295815, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1742227200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753771295815, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753771295815, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771295815, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156963927277003616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753771295613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777038876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3268, endPage=3279, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156963928749204329, articleId=1156963928124253027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=SAR Simulation Data Optimization Based on Target Characteristic Constraints, columnId=1156963928648541032, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Electronic and Communicational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition method based on deep networks requires a large amount of training data, and in practical applications, it is extremely difficult for SAR imaging systems to obtain sufficient and evenly distributed target data. One way to solve the small sample problem in SAR target recognition, is to use electromagnetic simulation technology to generate a large amount of SAR simulation data. However, there are still significant differences between simulated images and measured SAR images, so using simulation data directly cannot bring significant performance improvement for target recognition. A simulation data optimization method based on SAR target characteristic constraints was proposed to address the above issues. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of SAR targets, a texture structure cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (TS-CycleGAN) based on texture structure and cycle consistency was constructed, in which the structural similarity measure was used to constrain the generation process of CycleGAN. This method can reduce the difference between simulation data and measured data, and can improve the usability of simulation data. The experimental results on the SAR SAMPLE dataset show that, compared to other simulation data optimization methods, the proposed method achieves significant improvements in image quality evaluation and classification performance.
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基于深度网络的合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)目标识别方法,需要大量训练数据,而实际应用中 SAR 成像系统获取数量充足、分布均匀的目标数据难度极高。解决SAR目标识别小样本问题的途径之一,就是采用电磁仿真技术生成大量 SAR仿真数据。然而仿真图像与实测 SAR图像仍存在较大差异,直接使用仿真数据并不能带来目标识别性能的显著提升。针对上述问题,提出一种基于SAR目标特性约束的仿真数据优化方法。该方法在分析 SAR目标特性的基础上,构建基于纹理结构-循环一致性的生成对抗网络(texture structure cycle-consistent generative adversarial network, TS-CycleGAN),采用结构相似度衡量指标约束 CycleGAN的生成过程,降低仿真数据与实测数据之间的差异,提高仿真数据的可用性。针对SAR SAMPLE 数据集的试验结果表明,所提出的方法相较于其他仿真数据优化方法,在图像质量评估和分类性能方面,都取得了明显的提升。
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*崔宗勇(1984—),男,汉族,山东菏泽人,博士,副教授。研究方向:SAR图像解译。E-mail: zycui@uestc.edu.cn。
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张慧(1984-),女,汉族,山东菏泽人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:模式识别、人工智能。E-mail: zh21y@163.com。
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1 电子科技大学成都学院 工学院 成都 611731)]), AuthorCompany(id=1156986834988389179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986834992583483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, companyId=1156986834988389179, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 电子科技大学 信息与通信工程学院 成都 611731)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156986839610512332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
CycleGAN network architecture, figureFileSmall=sTnG4zgtVzgDsgk8v2KqzA==, figureFileBig=xI/8fU0KPQKk6tVCMvKNrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839686009807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
CycleGAN 网络结构图, figureFileSmall=sTnG4zgtVzgDsgk8v2KqzA==, figureFileBig=xI/8fU0KPQKk6tVCMvKNrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839757312978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Generator network architecture, figureFileSmall=vncvrOFOIoUKJ8QnE9ArPA==, figureFileBig=EJWf5l8vnTsP32z1dri+ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839820227540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
生成器网络架构, figureFileSmall=vncvrOFOIoUKJ8QnE9ArPA==, figureFileBig=EJWf5l8vnTsP32z1dri+ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839870559190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Residual module structure, figureFileSmall=FKQZiD9PGth0fKuNznl2Fw==, figureFileBig=g6b1uCI01KsfISisIp9M7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986839941862360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
残差模块结构图, figureFileSmall=FKQZiD9PGth0fKuNznl2Fw==, figureFileBig=g6b1uCI01KsfISisIp9M7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840013165530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Discriminator network architectures, figureFileSmall=qPWzasEK98LCWhN640K46Q==, figureFileBig=FAb2YoA+vgTZO0p+YINx4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840076080092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
判别器网络架构, figureFileSmall=qPWzasEK98LCWhN640K46Q==, figureFileBig=FAb2YoA+vgTZO0p+YINx4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840134800350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Schematic diagram of the CycleGANdouble-loop process, figureFileSmall=pOpb0oJlHcXv6D4J/uzrmA==, figureFileBig=51EgB8DtGjUr+cD22fxCGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840189326304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
CycleGAN 双循环过程示意图, figureFileSmall=pOpb0oJlHcXv6D4J/uzrmA==, figureFileBig=51EgB8DtGjUr+cD22fxCGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840294183908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Structure of the measurement system for structure similarity index measure, figureFileSmall=KgLSYCpfkYIQgqDWuQXOMA==, figureFileBig=GDDyveQ22oO6B7+YkYdBiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840357098470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
结构相似度衡量指标的测量系统结构, figureFileSmall=KgLSYCpfkYIQgqDWuQXOMA==, figureFileBig=GDDyveQ22oO6B7+YkYdBiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840420013032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Optical morphology of ten MSTAR target classes and their corresponding SAR imaging morphology, figureFileSmall=C549FkgLvZXVWqJreA2dPw==, figureFileBig=7meeUmlfEI2MoEblSaVDsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840474538986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
MSTAR 10 类目标的光学形态及其对应的 SAR 成像形态, figureFileSmall=C549FkgLvZXVWqJreA2dPw==, figureFileBig=7meeUmlfEI2MoEblSaVDsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840533259244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Optical morphology of ten MSTAR target classes and their corresponding SAR imaging morphology, figureFileSmall=uKdo8j9DRSHuaWXANkA88w==, figureFileBig=B2x9c5DybEGXPeQr5/Xk1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840591979502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
MSTAR 10 类目标的光学形态及其对应的 SAR 成像形态, figureFileSmall=uKdo8j9DRSHuaWXANkA88w==, figureFileBig=B2x9c5DybEGXPeQr5/Xk1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840642311152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Comparison of results from measured SAR images, simulated images, CycleGAN optimization results, and the proposed method optimization results, figureFileSmall=C4U/rWZ4L7jJ5NRdiCzAlw==, figureFileBig=FNu5Ukp66q9VxrvFg5wARQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840726197233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
实测、仿真、CycleGAN 优化以及本文方法结果对比图, figureFileSmall=C4U/rWZ4L7jJ5NRdiCzAlw==, figureFileBig=FNu5Ukp66q9VxrvFg5wARQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840797500402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Comparison of gray scale histograms of measured samples and generated samples for the same class targets, figureFileSmall=n9BQ0PkJ9J85lc+Nlinxlw==, figureFileBig=C2+n8IIHN/5kmr5hxdgHiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840864609268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
同类目标实测样本与生成样本灰度直方图对比, figureFileSmall=n9BQ0PkJ9J85lc+Nlinxlw==, figureFileBig=C2+n8IIHN/5kmr5hxdgHiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840914940918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Histogram similarity index statistical results, figureFileSmall=BO3kq8koE7RqbM+krl106w==, figureFileBig=XEiM6jKbmOrhRLlo83ko3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986840982049784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
直方图相似度指数统计结果, figureFileSmall=BO3kq8koE7RqbM+krl106w==, figureFileBig=XEiM6jKbmOrhRLlo83ko3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841070130170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Recognition performance test results for three types of small sample datasets in table 2, figureFileSmall=Q4/QNlzbnFcsLlBdtJx9Xg==, figureFileBig=g4HpAcNmvomTLN1HC3nZqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841141433341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
表2 中完全小样本数据集识别性能测试结果, figureFileSmall=Q4/QNlzbnFcsLlBdtJx9Xg==, figureFileBig=g4HpAcNmvomTLN1HC3nZqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841200153599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Results of recognition performance tests on selected small sample datasets in table 3, figureFileSmall=gAMNooAFfgUfD39u4ht91w==, figureFileBig=UwRusyoL7K1PFFKWhtH51g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841267262465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
表3 中部分小样本数据集识别性能测试结果, figureFileSmall=gAMNooAFfgUfD39u4ht91w==, figureFileBig=UwRusyoL7K1PFFKWhtH51g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986841351147523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Image optimization training set composition, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 训练子集 | 类别 | 数量 |
| Trainset A | BMP2 仿真 | 108 |
| BTR70 仿真 | 96 |
| T72 仿真 | 110 |
| 合计 | 314 |
| Trainset B | BMP2 | 10 |
| BTR70 | 10 |
| T72 | 10 |
| 其他七类 | 420 |
| 合计 | 450 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841422450693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
图像优化训练集构成, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 训练子集 | 类别 | 数量 |
| Trainset A | BMP2 仿真 | 108 |
| BTR70 仿真 | 96 |
| T72 仿真 | 110 |
| 合计 | 314 |
| Trainset B | BMP2 | 10 |
| BTR70 | 10 |
| T72 | 10 |
| 其他七类 | 420 |
| 合计 | 450 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841481170952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Experimental dataset based on a completely small sample of scenarios, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 目标类别 | 目标型号 | 训练样本数 | 测试样本数 | 俯仰角/(°) |
| 训练 | 测试 |
| BMP2 | 9563 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| BTR70 | c71 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| T72 | con-132 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841569251337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基于完全小样本场景的试验数据集, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 目标类别 | 目标型号 | 训练样本数 | 测试样本数 | 俯仰角/(°) |
| 训练 | 测试 |
| BMP2 | 9563 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| BTR70 | c71 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| T72 | con-132 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841657331724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Experimental dataset based on selected small sample scenarios, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 目标类别 | 目标序列号 | 训练样 本数 | 测试样 本数 | 目标俯仰角度/(${}^{\circ }$) |
| 训练 | 测试 |
| 2S1 | bol | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| BMP2 | 9563 | 10 | 195 | 17 | 15 |
| BRDM2 | E71 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| BTR60 | K10yt7532 | 100 | 195 | 17 | 15 |
| BTR70 | c71 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| D7 | 92v13015 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| T62 | A51 | 100 | 273 | 17 | 15 |
| T72 | con-132 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| ZIL131 | E12 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| ZSU23-4 | d08 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841732829198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
基于部分小样本场景的试验数据集, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 目标类别 | 目标序列号 | 训练样 本数 | 测试样 本数 | 目标俯仰角度/(${}^{\circ }$) |
| 训练 | 测试 |
| 2S1 | bol | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| BMP2 | 9563 | 10 | 195 | 17 | 15 |
| BRDM2 | E71 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| BTR60 | K10yt7532 | 100 | 195 | 17 | 15 |
| BTR70 | c71 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| D7 | 92v13015 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| T62 | A51 | 100 | 273 | 17 | 15 |
| T72 | con-132 | 10 | 196 | 17 | 15 |
| ZIL131 | E12 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
| ZSU23-4 | d08 | 100 | 274 | 17 | 15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841820909585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Main hardware configurations and software versions of the testenvironment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 硬件/软件 | 型号/版本 |
| GPU 型号 | RTX3060 |
| 系统环境 | Windows10 64 位 |
| Visual Studio 版本 | VS2016 |
| Python 版本 | Python3.6 |
| CUDA 版本 | 11.1 |
| Pytorch 版本 | 1.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1156986841875435538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963928124253027, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
试验环境的主要硬件配置和软件版本, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 硬件/软件 | 型号/版本 |
| GPU 型号 | RTX3060 |
| 系统环境 | Windows10 64 位 |
| Visual Studio 版本 | VS2016 |
| Python 版本 | Python3.6 |
| CUDA 版本 | 11.1 |
| Pytorch 版本 | 1.80 |
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