Article(id=1156949469108458306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309687, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701964800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-08, revisedDate=1731600000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767848517, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767848517, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767848517, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767848517, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1658, endPage=1666, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949470232531811, articleId=1156949469108458306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Influence of Evolution of Dominant Order of Wheel Polygon Wear on Vibration Response of Train-bridge System, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to analyze the influence of evolution of the dominant order of wheel polygonal wear on the vibration response of the train-bridge coupling system, the key influencing factors and evolution patterns of the dominant order of polygon wear were summarized first. Meanwhile, the coupled dynamic model of the train-bridge system was established by utilizing a combined simulation approach with ANSYS and SIMPACK. Subsequently, the impact of evolution of the dominant order of wheel polygonal wear on the vibration response of the train-bridge coupled system under different operational mileages, train operating speeds, vertical stiffness of fasteners, and variations in wheel diameter, was explored. The research results indicate that the evolution of the dominant order of wheel polygonal wear significantly affects the dynamic response of the train-bridge coupled system. In general, when the wheels experience high-order polygonal wear, the lateral and vertical accelerations at the mid-span of the bridge increase significantly. Moreover, the wheel-rail force and derailment coefficient also increase significantly, with the train wheels experiencing momentary bouncing. This has an impact on both the quality of high-speed train operation on the bridge and the safe operation of the bridge structure, necessitating timely wheel re-profiling.

, correspAuthors=Meng-xue WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao-yi ZHANG, Meng-xue WU, De-fa TANG, Xin-yu XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949552612856580, articleId=1156949469108458306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥系统振动响应的影响, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为分析车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的发展对车桥耦合振动系统响应的影响,针对多边形磨耗主导阶数的关键影响因素及发展规律进行归纳总结,采用ANSYS和SIMPACK联合仿真方法,建立列车—桥梁耦合动力学模型,分别探讨在不同运营里程、列车运营速度、扣件垂向刚度和轮径变化下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥耦合系统振动响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥耦合系统动力响应的影响显著。整体来讲,当车轮发生高阶多边形磨耗时,桥梁跨中横向加速度和竖向加速度显著增大,列车轮轨垂向力和脱轨系数也明显增大且列车车轮出现瞬时跳动现象,对桥上高速列车运行的品质和桥梁结构的安全运营造成影响,需要及时对车轮进行镟修工作。

, correspAuthors=吴梦雪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吴梦雪(1987—),女,汉族,四川乐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:风车桥耦合振动。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1ldj6zqiF6CGqhEhBQ7+jw==, magXml=36dNGiEEDQffvci5axC3AQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=R77zYUIerCkx0K9WQXNtyw==, pdfFileSize=14052147, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=D/xBkn77tzhj0Riy3CR0zg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CN/7h7Q/CXfd3P1BYZybsw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张钞奕(1999—),男,汉族,四川广安人,硕士研究生。研究方向:车桥耦合振动。E-mail:

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张钞奕(1999—),男,汉族,四川广安人,硕士研究生。研究方向:车桥耦合振动。E-mail:

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张钞奕(1999—),男,汉族,四川广安人,硕士研究生。研究方向:车桥耦合振动。E-mail:

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caption=Change of mid-span accelerations of bridge under different wheel diameters, figureFileSmall=T2YDQZpZjcxBzrD/j06c5g==, figureFileBig=FAg9Y5f13AxX8FkNX8fz6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436706816512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同轮径下桥梁跨中加速度的变化, figureFileSmall=T2YDQZpZjcxBzrD/j06c5g==, figureFileBig=FAg9Y5f13AxX8FkNX8fz6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436815868419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Change of wheel-rail vertical force under different wheel diameters, figureFileSmall=tfj1PF8yVkTf1AX8DwzmHw==, figureFileBig=1oh/9syzHo4jEY5eTZJFQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438229348879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同轮径下轮轨垂向力的变化, figureFileSmall=tfj1PF8yVkTf1AX8DwzmHw==, figureFileBig=1oh/9syzHo4jEY5eTZJFQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438350983701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The dominant order of wheel polygonal wear at different train speeds[4,24-25]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
列车运行速度/(km·h-1) 主导阶数
200 30
250 22~25
300 18~20
350 16、17
), ArticleFig(id=1225944438451647005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

列车不同运营速度下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数[4,24-25]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
列车运行速度/(km·h-1) 主导阶数
200 30
250 22~25
300 18~20
350 16、17
), ArticleFig(id=1225944438585864740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The dominant order of wheel polygonal wear under different vertical stiffness fasteners[4,24]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扣件垂向刚度/(MN·m-1) 主导阶数
20 20
40 20
80 20
100 2、20
120 3
150 2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944438715888172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同垂向刚度扣件下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数[4,24]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扣件垂向刚度/(MN·m-1) 主导阶数
20 20
40 20
80 20
100 2、20
120 3
150 2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944438841717299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The final dominant order of wheel polygonal wear under different wheel diameters[3,26]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮直径/mm 主导阶数
900~920 20
860~890 19
830 18
), ArticleFig(id=1225944438959157818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同车轮直径下车轮多边形磨耗最终主导阶数[3,26]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮直径/mm 主导阶数
900~920 20
860~890 19
830 18
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439122735673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Main parameters of train model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
车体质量/kg 2.61×104
构架质量/kg 2.6×103
轮对质量/kg 2.1×103
转向架中心距/mm 1.75×10
车轮直径/mm 8.6×102
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439286313536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

列车模型主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
车体质量/kg 2.61×104
构架质量/kg 2.6×103
轮对质量/kg 2.1×103
转向架中心距/mm 1.75×10
车轮直径/mm 8.6×102
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439424725577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results comparison

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件 竖向最大位移/mm 误差/%
文献[27] 本文
桥梁 0.59 0.58 0.1
钢轨 0.62 0.60 3.2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439537971790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件 竖向最大位移/mm 误差/%
文献[27] 本文
桥梁 0.59 0.58 0.1
钢轨 0.62 0.60 3.2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439663800916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The maximum derailment coefficient when the wheel polygonal wear evolves from low order to high order

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮多边形磨耗阶数 脱轨系数最大值
3 0.09
20 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439793824347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

车轮多边形磨耗从低阶演变到高阶时脱轨系数最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮多边形磨耗阶数 脱轨系数最大值
3 0.09
20 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1225944439894487647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

The maximum derailment coefficient at different operating speeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
列车运行速度/(km·h-1) 脱轨系数最大值
200 0.08
250 0.20
300 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440032899686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同运营速度下脱轨系数最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
列车运行速度/(km·h-1) 脱轨系数最大值
200 0.08
250 0.20
300 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440167117422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

The maximum derailment coefficient under different vertical stiffness of fasteners

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扣件垂向刚度/(MN·m-1) 脱轨系数最大值
80 0.22
120 0.10
150 0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440271975027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

扣件不同垂向刚度下脱轨系数最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扣件垂向刚度/(MN·m-1) 脱轨系数最大值
80 0.22
120 0.10
150 0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440385221237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

The maximum derailment coefficient under different wheel diameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮轮径/mm 脱轨系数最大值
915 0.36
875 0.32
830 0.31
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440498467451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949469108458306, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同轮径下脱轨系数最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮轮径/mm 脱轨系数最大值
915 0.36
875 0.32
830 0.31
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车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥系统振动响应的影响
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张钞奕 1 , 吴梦雪 1, * , 唐德发 1 , 徐昕宇 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(4): 1658-1666
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(4): 1658-1666
车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥系统振动响应的影响
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张钞奕1 , 吴梦雪1, * , 唐德发1, 徐昕宇2
作者信息
  • 1 西南石油大学土木工程与测绘学院, 成都 610500
  • 2 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司, 成都 610031
  • 张钞奕(1999—),男,汉族,四川广安人,硕士研究生。研究方向:车桥耦合振动。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*吴梦雪(1987—),女,汉族,四川乐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:风车桥耦合振动。E-mail:
Influence of Evolution of Dominant Order of Wheel Polygon Wear on Vibration Response of Train-bridge System
Chao-yi ZHANG1 , Meng-xue WU1, * , De-fa TANG1, Xin-yu XU2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2 China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309687
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为分析车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的发展对车桥耦合振动系统响应的影响,针对多边形磨耗主导阶数的关键影响因素及发展规律进行归纳总结,采用ANSYS和SIMPACK联合仿真方法,建立列车—桥梁耦合动力学模型,分别探讨在不同运营里程、列车运营速度、扣件垂向刚度和轮径变化下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥耦合系统振动响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥耦合系统动力响应的影响显著。整体来讲,当车轮发生高阶多边形磨耗时,桥梁跨中横向加速度和竖向加速度显著增大,列车轮轨垂向力和脱轨系数也明显增大且列车车轮出现瞬时跳动现象,对桥上高速列车运行的品质和桥梁结构的安全运营造成影响,需要及时对车轮进行镟修工作。

铁路桥梁  /  动力响应  /  列车-桥梁耦合系统  /  车轮多边形磨耗  /  主导阶数演变

In order to analyze the influence of evolution of the dominant order of wheel polygonal wear on the vibration response of the train-bridge coupling system, the key influencing factors and evolution patterns of the dominant order of polygon wear were summarized first. Meanwhile, the coupled dynamic model of the train-bridge system was established by utilizing a combined simulation approach with ANSYS and SIMPACK. Subsequently, the impact of evolution of the dominant order of wheel polygonal wear on the vibration response of the train-bridge coupled system under different operational mileages, train operating speeds, vertical stiffness of fasteners, and variations in wheel diameter, was explored. The research results indicate that the evolution of the dominant order of wheel polygonal wear significantly affects the dynamic response of the train-bridge coupled system. In general, when the wheels experience high-order polygonal wear, the lateral and vertical accelerations at the mid-span of the bridge increase significantly. Moreover, the wheel-rail force and derailment coefficient also increase significantly, with the train wheels experiencing momentary bouncing. This has an impact on both the quality of high-speed train operation on the bridge and the safe operation of the bridge structure, necessitating timely wheel re-profiling.

railway bridge  /  dynamic response  /  vehicle-bridge coupling system  /  polygon wear of wheels  /  dominant order evolution
张钞奕, 吴梦雪, 唐德发, 徐昕宇. 车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥系统振动响应的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1658 -1666 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309687
Chao-yi ZHANG, Meng-xue WU, De-fa TANG, Xin-yu XU. Influence of Evolution of Dominant Order of Wheel Polygon Wear on Vibration Response of Train-bridge System[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1658 -1666 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309687
列车在长时间运营下车轮踏面会出现不适当的磨耗,车轮多边形磨耗是常见的车轮踏面磨耗之一,其是指沿车轮踏面圆周方向的波状磨损,又称为车轮非圆化或车轮谐波磨耗,普通列车和高速列车上都会出现车轮多边形磨耗[1]。中国高速列车早期运营时(2008—2013年),车轮多边形磨耗现象并不十分严重,且主要表现为低阶谐波磨耗,但到2014年后,中国高速列车车轮普遍出现了明显的高阶多边形磨耗[2-5]。在列车高速运行条件下,车轮多边形磨耗的出现会导致诸多问题[5-8],如车轮多边形磨耗会产生高频轮轨冲击载荷,造成轮轨系统振动响应明显增大,可能导致转向架零部件损坏和轨道线路恶化,且车轮多边形磨耗会使车辆系统的振动水平升高,产生振动辐射噪声。这些不仅降低列车车辆的乘坐舒适性,而且威胁列车车辆的运行安全,严重时还会导致脱轨发生。1998年,德国某高速列车的车轮出现严重的多边形磨耗进而导致列车脱轨事故发生[9]。2008年,中国广州某型号地铁的部分零部件和轨道扣件弹条在车轮多边形磨耗的影响下出现断裂现象[10]。2019年,中国某地铁列车出现了由车轮多边形磨耗和钢轨波磨同时作用导致的列车一系钢弹簧断裂现象[11]
中外学者对车轮多边形磨耗的形成机理、影响因素、演化发展规律及其对列车运行性能的影响开展了研究工作。Nielsen等[12-13]对车轮多边形磨耗的研究历程、形成机理及防止措施进行了总结和归纳。金学松等[5,14]综述了中外对铁路车辆车轮多边形磨耗的研究历史和现状,总结分析了中国高速车轮多边形磨耗的情况和特征,阐明了车轮多边形磨耗诱发和快速发展的基本条件,讨论了多边形磨耗对车辆行为、轮轨附件冲击载荷、振动噪声和疲劳的影响,探讨了抑制多边形发展的对策,并提出了将来亟待开展的关键科学问题。吴越等[15]重点关注高阶车轮多边形磨耗问题,基于三维车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型分析了车轮多边形磨耗阶次、车辆运行速度和运行里程对轮轨力和转向架振动响应的影响。董雅宏等[3]分析了车轮质量偏心、列车运行速度和车轮直径对车轮多边形磨耗的影响,揭示了车轮多边形磨耗发生与演化的规律,并利用现场跟踪实测数据进行了验证。胡晓依等[4,16]通过建立车轮多边形磨耗的长期磨损迭代模型,探究了车速、轮轨模态和轨道参数对车轮多边形磨耗发展的影响。丁军君等[17]聚焦高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的演变行为,对初始不圆条件下高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的演变过程进行数值模拟,探讨了轮对左右车轮的多边形磨耗存在相位差时对车轮多边形磨耗演变的影响。高阳等[18]针对中国西北地区高温、高寒、强风沙气候区域复杂运行条件,基于兰新线高速动车组现场车轮磨耗测试数据,分析单个镟修周期内和完整跟踪周期内车轮多边形随运营里程变化的发展规律,并在此基础上,分析轮径变化对车轮多边形发展规律的影响。王鹏等[19]跟踪测试了12条高铁线路中9种型号高速动车组的车轮多边形磨耗,覆盖200、250、300、350 km/h 运营速度,对3.05×104个车轮的多边形磨耗测试数据进行特征分析,归纳总结了中国高速动车组车轮多边形磨耗的特征和发展规律,探讨了车辆轴距、轨道系统刚度(受扣件刚度和气温影响)、研磨子修形等关键因素对车轮多边形磨耗的影响。许磊等[20]对某350 km/h运行的动车车轮磨耗进行跟踪测试,得到在一个镟修周期内车轮磨耗随运行里程的变化情况,并探究了该型车轮磨耗对车辆动力响应的影响。
上述相关研究成果促进了对车轮多边形磨耗问题的认识,但研究中大多基于列车-轨道耦合系统,很少将车轮多边形磨耗考虑在列车-桥梁耦合系统中。为保证线路的持续高平顺性,新修建的高速铁路主要以桥梁为主,且随着车速的提高,列车通过桥梁的班次也随之增加[5,21-22]。因此,将车轮多边形磨耗考虑在列车—桥梁耦合系统中能较为真实地反映桥上列车的运营状态以及车轮多边形磨耗对车桥耦合系统振动响应的影响。鉴于此,针对多边形磨耗主导阶数的关键影响因素及其发展规律进行归纳总结,并基于有限元理论和车辆动力学理论,建立列车-桥梁耦合动力学模型,把车轮多边形磨耗和中国无砟轨道不平顺同时作为系统的输入激励,采用ANSYS和SIMPACK联合仿真方法,探讨不同影响因素下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的演变对车桥耦合系统振动特性的影响。
国际上常用含1~N阶谐波的傅里叶级数形式的位移函数来描述车轮多边形磨耗[23],可表示为
$\Delta R\left(t\right)=\sum _{i=1}^{N}{A}_{i}sin\left[i\left(\frac{v}{R}\right)t+{\beta }_{i}\right]$
式(1)中:$\Delta R\left(t\right)$为轮径偏差;t为时间;Ai为第i阶车轮多边形幅值;v为列车运行速度;R为列车车轮初始半径;${\beta }_{i}$为第i阶车轮多边形初始相位角;i为车轮多边形阶数。
为探究车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的发展对车桥耦合振动系统响应的影响,首先需要对多边形磨耗主导阶数的关键影响因素及其发展规律进行梳理,分别从列车运营速度、钢轨扣件垂向刚度和车轮轮径对车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数演变的影响进行归纳总结。
参考文献[4,24-25],针对不同速度下高速列车多边形磨耗发展情况进行调查,发现不同运营速度下列车车轮出现的车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数有明显变化,表1展示了不同运营速度下车轮多边形磨耗最终主导阶数。由表1[4,24-25]可知,高速列车运行速度越快,其车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数越小。
钢轨的模态振动特性对车轮多边形磨耗的产生与发展演变具有较大的促进作用,不同刚度的扣件可能会对钢轨的振动状态产生影响,进而影响车轮多边形磨耗的发展。参考文献[4,24],针对不同垂向刚度的扣件对车轮多边形磨耗发展的影响展开研究,以列车300 km/h运行为例,当扣件垂向阻尼取30 kN·s/m时,扣件垂向刚度与其对应的车轮多边形磨耗最终主导阶数如表2[4,24]所示。
表2可知,扣件垂向刚度为100 MN/m是车轮多边形磨耗演变的关键点,即当扣件垂向刚度小于100 MN/m时车轮多边形磨耗主要表现为高阶磨耗,随着扣件垂向刚度不断增加,车轮多边形磨耗逐渐变为低价磨耗主导。这是由于随着扣件垂向刚度的增大,钢轨的高频振动逐渐得到抑制,从而导致车轮多边形磨耗由高阶转变为低阶[4]
除列车运营速度和钢轨扣件垂向刚度会对车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数造成影响外,不同的列车轮对直径也会导致车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数发生变化。
列车车轮在全生命周期里,因磨损和镟修其半径不断在缩小[7]。高阳等[18]研究发现,随着运营里程的增加,轮径的变化会改变车轮多边形磨耗的阶数及发展规律。董雅宏等[3]对一辆运行速度为300 km/h的列车进行现场跟踪实测,发现车轮多边形磨耗在车轮直径为915、875、830 mm时发展最快,在其他直径并没有发生明显阶次的多边形磨耗。徐凯[26]研究发现,车轮直径在860~890 mm,车轮多边形磨耗主要以19阶为主;而车轮直径在900~920 mm,车轮多边形磨耗主要以20阶为主。表3[3,26]展示了不同车轮直径下车轮多边形磨耗的主导阶数。
以中国某高速列车为原型,在SIMPACK软件中建立包括车体、转向架、轮对、轴箱和减振器的多刚体列车模型。其中车体、转向架和轮对等采用刚体建模,减振器选择弹簧阻尼元件[27]。列车模型基本参数如表4所示。
在ANSYS中建立桥梁和钢轨模型,具体参数参考文献[28]。桥梁为单跨32.4 m双线简支梁桥,主梁结构如图1所示。钢轨为CHN60型钢轨以柔性体方式建模,通过扣件与桥梁相连。
在ANSYS软件中分别对桥梁和钢轨模型进行子结构分析,得到包含模型的质量、刚度、阻尼和模态矩阵的.tcms、.cbd、.sub文件,并用这3个文件在SIMPACK中生成.fbi文件实现列车—桥梁耦合[27]。耦合后的列车—桥梁系统模型如图2所示。
将建立好的列车-桥梁系统模型进行Preload计算,得到其最大残余加速度为4.02×10-5 m/s2,小于0.01 m/s2,整个系统处于静平衡状态。让列车以200 km/h的速度通过桥梁,将计算得到的桥梁和钢轨的竖向最大位移与文献[27]的计算结果进行对比,如表5所示,误差小于5%,本文模型建立正确。
无砟轨道被广泛运用于中国高速铁路线路中,基于我国典型无砟轨道运营至今的检测数据,文献[29]给出了中国高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱表达式。该表达式采用幂函数分段表示,各波段区段的轨道谱表达式为
$S\left(f\right)=\frac{A}{{f}^{n}}$
式(2)中,S(f)为轨道不平顺功率谱,mm2/(1/m);f为空间频率,1/m;An为拟合系数,具体数值参考文献[29]。
采用三角级数法生成中国无砟轨道不平顺数据,其计算公式为
$f\left(x\right)=\sqrt{2}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\sqrt{S\left({\omega }_{k}\right)\Delta \omega }cos({\omega }_{k}+{\varphi }_{k})$
式(3)中:f(x)为模拟得到的轨道不平顺序列;$S\left({\omega }_{k}\right)$为功率谱密度函数;$\Delta \omega $为频率间隔;${\omega }_{k}$为轨道不平顺的空间频率;${\varphi }_{k}$为第k个频率的相位,是独立均布于0~2π的随机数。
以高低不平顺为例,由三角级数法模拟得到的轨道不平顺序列样本如图3所示,其功率谱与目标谱对比情况如图4所示。
考虑周期性车轮多边形磨耗,即在模型中只考虑单个阶次多边形磨耗,且左右轮之间不考虑相位差,采用谐波函数来定义车轮多边形磨耗,可表示为[30]
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta r\left(\beta \right)=Asin\left[n\right(\beta +{\beta }_{0}\left)\right]\\ r=R-\Delta r\end{array}\right.$
式(4)中:${\beta }_{0}$为初始相位角;$\beta $为车轮转动角;$\Delta r$为车轮轮径差;A为车轮多边形磨耗波深;n为车轮多边形阶数;R为名义滚动圆半径;r为实际滚动圆半径。
为研究车轮多边形磨耗的演变对列车-桥梁耦合系统动力响应的影响,从运营里程、列车运行速度、钢轨扣件垂向刚度和车轮直径4个方面,探讨在车轮多边形磨耗和轨道不平顺共同作用下列车-桥梁耦合系统动力响应的变化规律。
车轮由于安装或者制造过程中的缺陷,即使是刚镟修后的车轮也可能检测出初始多边形磨耗[14]。车轮初始多边形磨耗阶数一般为1阶、2阶、3阶和4阶,其中3阶车轮多边形磨耗是由制造过程中三角爪固定方式造成的三角化,也是新车轮初始多边形磨耗的主要阶数[31]。随着列车运营里程的增加,车轮多边形磨耗加剧,且普遍表现为高阶多边形磨耗[26]
为探究列车运营过程中车轮多边形磨耗从初始低阶多边形演化到高阶多边形时列车—桥梁耦合系统动力响应的变化规律,以列车运行速度为300 km/h,车轮多边形磨耗幅值为0.04 mm,扣件垂向刚度为120 MN/m为例,当车轮多边形磨耗阶次分别为3阶和20阶时,计算得到的车桥系统响应如图5图6表6所示。
图5图6表6可知,车轮多边形磨耗从初始3阶多边形磨耗演化到高阶20阶多边形磨耗时,桥梁跨中加速度、轮轨垂向力和车辆脱轨系数均有显著增加,其中桥梁跨中横向加速度和竖向加速度分别增加1.26倍和4.97倍,列车轮轨垂向力和车辆脱轨系数最大值分别增加1.87倍和1.44倍,并且在发生车轮高阶多边形磨耗时车轮出现瞬时跳动现象。
为探究列车不同运行速度下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的变化对列车-桥梁耦合系统动力响应的影响,以列车运行速度为200、250、300 km/h为例,根据表1,此时多边形磨耗主导阶数依次取30、22和20阶。当车轮多边形磨耗幅值为0.04 mm,扣件垂向刚度为120 MN/m时,计算得到的车桥系统响应如图7图8表7所示。
图7可知,当车轮出现高阶多边形磨耗时,3种速度工况下列车车轮均出现瞬时跳动现象。由图8可知,桥梁跨中横向加速度和竖向加速度随着列车运行速度提升而增大,在运行速度为300 km/h时达到最大值,与运行速度为200 km/h相比,桥梁跨中横向加速度增加了48.55%,桥梁跨中竖向加速度增加57.79%。由表7可知,脱轨系数最大值随着速度增加而增加,与200 km/h相比,列车以250 km/h和300 km/h运行时列车脱轨系数最大值分别增加了1.50倍和1.75倍。
为探究不同扣件垂向刚度下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的发展对列车—桥梁耦合系统动力响应的影响,以扣件垂向刚度为80、120、150 MN/m为例,根据表2,此时多边形磨耗主导阶次依次取20、3、2阶。当车轮多边形磨耗幅值为0.04 mm,列车运行速度为300 km/h时,计算得到的车桥系统响应如图9图10表8所示。
图9可知,随着扣件垂向刚度增加,车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数从高阶逐渐演变为低阶,桥梁跨中横向和竖向加速度均呈现减小的趋势,即当扣件垂向刚度从80 MN/m增加到150 MN/m过程中,桥梁跨中横向加速度和竖向加速度分别降低21.73%和65.72%。由图10表8可知,随着扣件垂向刚度的增大,列车轮轨垂向力逐渐减小,车轮瞬时跳动现象逐渐消失,列车脱轨系数最大值降低了58.08%。
为探究不同车轮直径下车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数的变化对列车—桥梁耦合系统动力响应的影响,以车轮直径为915、875、830 mm为例,根据表3,此时多边形磨耗主导阶次依次取20、19、18阶。当车轮多边形磨耗幅值为0.04 mm,列车运行速度为300 km/h,扣件垂向刚度为120 MN/m时,计算得到的车桥系统响应如图11图12表9所示。
图11可知,随着车轮直径缩小,桥梁跨中横向和竖向加速度也降低。车轮轮径从915 mm缩小到830 mm过程中,桥梁跨中横向加速度和竖向加速度分别降低了13.89%和11.11%。由图12可知,当车轮出现高阶多边形磨耗时,3种车轮直径工况下列车车轮均有瞬时跳动现象。由表9可知,列车脱轨系数在车轮轮径为830 mm时最小,约为0.31。
(1)随着列车运营里程的增加,车轮多边形磨耗从初始低阶多边形演化到高阶多边形,桥梁跨中加速度、轮轨垂向力和车辆脱轨系数均有显著增加,且发生车轮高阶多边形磨耗时车轮出现瞬时跳动现象。
(2)随着列车运行速度的提升,车轮多边形磨耗的主导阶数减小,但仍以高阶多变形磨耗为主,桥梁跨中加速度增加显著,列车脱轨系数有一定程度增加。
(3)随着扣件垂向刚度增加,车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数从高阶逐渐演变为低阶,桥梁跨中加速度均呈现减小的趋势,列车轮轨垂向力逐渐减小,车轮瞬时跳动现象逐渐消失,列车脱轨系数显著降低。
(4)随着列车车轮轮径的逐渐缩小,车轮多边形磨耗主导阶数降低,但仍以高阶车轮多边形磨耗为主,桥梁加速度、列车脱轨系数均有一定程度降低。
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1282)
  • 国家自然科学基金(51708470)
  • 西南石油大学桥梁安全评估青年科技创新团队(2018CXTD07)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309687
  • 接收时间:2023-12-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-08
  • 修回日期:2024-11-15
基金
四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1282)
国家自然科学基金(51708470)
西南石油大学桥梁安全评估青年科技创新团队(2018CXTD07)
作者信息
    1 西南石油大学土木工程与测绘学院, 成都 610500
    2 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司, 成都 610031

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*吴梦雪(1987—),女,汉族,四川乐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:风车桥耦合振动。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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