Article(id=1156949468668056376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401671, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710086400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-11, revisedDate=1732032000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767848411, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767848411, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767848411, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767848411, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1620, endPage=1627, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949469842461525, articleId=1156949468668056376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Microbial-induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation for Consolidation of Loess, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is an emerging green reinforcement technology for geotechnical engineering, which has a good application prospect in the reinforcement of loess slopes. The reinforcement of loess by MICP is affected by a variety of factors, in addition to the external environment, material properties and reinforcement methods and other factors, the calcium source, the concentration of binder, the age of the maintenance and the maintenance methods also play a decisive role in the microbial reinforcement of loess. The loess in Longxi area was taken as the research object, bacillus subtilis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology was adopted to consolidate loess, and a comparative experimental study on the shear strength of MICP-consolidated loess under the conditions of different calcium sources, binder concentration, age of maintenance and maintenance methods was carried out. The results show that the MICP technology is more effective in consolidating loess specimens when the calcium source is calcium chloride, the binder concentration is 1.0 mol/L and the specimens are cured for 7 d. The cohesion and internal friction are increased by 4.95 and 1.34 times, respectively, compared with the vegetal loess soil. The research results have certain reference value for the roadbed reinforcement and slope management in the Loess Plateau area.

, correspAuthors=Liang AN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tian-yu ZHAO, Liang AN, Wen-wu CHEN, Ying-chun WANG, Lun-ji LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949523038818550, articleId=1156949468668056376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀加固黄土影响因素试验研究, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation,MICP)技术是新兴的岩土工程绿色加固技术,在黄土边坡加固方面具有良好的应用前景。MICP加固黄土受多种因素影响,除了外界环境、材料特性和加固方式等因素外,钙源、胶结液浓度、养护龄期和养护方式等对微生物加固黄土也起着决定性作用。以陇西地区黄土为研究对象,采用巴氏芽孢杆菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀技术固化黄土试样,开展不同钙源、胶结液浓度、养护龄期和养护方式条件下MICP固化黄土试样抗剪强度对比试验研究。结果表明:钙源为氯化钙,胶结液浓度1.0 mol/L且试样养护7 d条件下,MICP技术对黄土试样的加固效果更好,与素黄土相比,黏聚力和内摩擦角分别提高了4.95和1.34倍。研究成果对黄土高原地区的路基加固和边坡治理等具有一定的参考价值。, correspAuthors=安亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*安亮(1993—),男,汉族,甘肃定西人,博士研究生,工程师。研究方向:路基工程。E-mail:
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赵天宇(1985—),男,汉族,甘肃庆阳人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土工程勘察与特殊性岩土测试。E-mail:

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赵天宇(1985—),男,汉族,甘肃庆阳人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土工程勘察与特殊性岩土测试。E-mail:

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赵天宇(1985—),男,汉族,甘肃庆阳人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土工程勘察与特殊性岩土测试。E-mail:

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Highway Engineering, 2014, 39(1): 99-102, 115., articleTitle=Research on the application of bio-enzymatic soil curing road construction technology in highway subgrade, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944435582742973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, awardId=21ZD8JA003, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省科技揭榜挂帅项目(21ZD8JA003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1225944435691794885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, awardId=2024-38, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目(2024-38), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944423062745710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944423079522930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, companyId=1225944423062745710, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Gansu Province Transportation Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944423108883065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, companyId=1225944423062745710, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司, 兰州 730030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1225944423226323593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944423255683726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, companyId=1225944423226323593, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944423264072335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, companyId=1225944423226323593, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 兰州大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225944430847373498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Compaction curves for loess, figureFileSmall=tCQJMjPiomvaHfQLSBC1Ag==, figureFileBig=vf8z2lVMTRzCjFyfaaXU/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944430956425416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=CN, label=图1, caption=黄土的击实曲线, figureFileSmall=tCQJMjPiomvaHfQLSBC1Ag==, figureFileBig=vf8z2lVMTRzCjFyfaaXU/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431140974807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, 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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic physical parameters of loess

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土样
名称
比重 含水率
ω/%
液限
ωL/%
塑限
ωP/%
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
黄土 2.67 10.5 26.85 18.90 29.63 33.0
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434194428252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

黄土的基本物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土样
名称
比重 含水率
ω/%
液限
ωL/%
塑限
ωP/%
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
黄土 2.67 10.5 26.85 18.90 29.63 33.0
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434324451686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Straight shear test programme for microbiologically reinforced loess specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验名称 影响因素 因素条件 试验次数
钙源 氯化钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙 6
直剪试验 胶结液浓度/
(mol·L-1)
0.6、1.0、1.4 12
养护龄期/d 0、3、7、14 12
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434542555508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

微生物技术加固黄土试样直剪试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验名称 影响因素 因素条件 试验次数
钙源 氯化钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙 6
直剪试验 胶结液浓度/
(mol·L-1)
0.6、1.0、1.4 12
养护龄期/d 0、3、7、14 12
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434680967552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Shear strength index of specimens under different calcium source conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护
天数/d
钙源 垂直压
力/kPa
抗剪强
度/kPa
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
50 68.41
氯化钙 100 116.16 30.94 39.00
150 152.64
200 191.11
50 65.27
0 乙酸钙 100 103.19 24.63 39.00
150 148.26
200 184.47
50 59.19
乳酸钙 100 98.04 22.58 37.23
150 140.26
200 171.26
50 70.37
氯化钙 100 123.40 35.14 38.66
150 150.93
200 193.87
50 57.04
3 乙酸钙 100 109.67 16.73 40.70
150 140.26
200 190.29
50 68.80
乳酸钙 100 112.72 37.55 34.99
150 141.40
200 175.22
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434823573898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同钙源条件下试样的抗剪强度指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护
天数/d
钙源 垂直压
力/kPa
抗剪强
度/kPa
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
50 68.41
氯化钙 100 116.16 30.94 39.00
150 152.64
200 191.11
50 65.27
0 乙酸钙 100 103.19 24.63 39.00
150 148.26
200 184.47
50 59.19
乳酸钙 100 98.04 22.58 37.23
150 140.26
200 171.26
50 70.37
氯化钙 100 123.40 35.14 38.66
150 150.93
200 193.87
50 57.04
3 乙酸钙 100 109.67 16.73 40.70
150 140.26
200 190.29
50 68.80
乳酸钙 100 112.72 37.55 34.99
150 141.40
200 175.22
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434953597335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Shear strength index of specimens with different binder concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
胶结液浓度/
(mol·L-1)
垂直压
力/kPa
抗剪强
度/kPa
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
50 167.78
0.6 100 191.11 87.36 51.56
150 266.98
200 351.95
50 186.01
1.0 100 228.31 133.52 44.42
150 275.94
200 333.29
50 161.31
1.4 100 156.59 109.70 34.99
150 209.13
200 259.81
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435066843551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同胶结液浓度下试样的抗剪强度指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
胶结液浓度/
(mol·L-1)
垂直压
力/kPa
抗剪强
度/kPa
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
50 167.78
0.6 100 191.11 87.36 51.56
150 266.98
200 351.95
50 186.01
1.0 100 228.31 133.52 44.42
150 275.94
200 333.29
50 161.31
1.4 100 156.59 109.70 34.99
150 209.13
200 259.81
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435209449895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Shear strength index of specimens at different age of maintenance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护方式 养护龄
期/d
垂直压
力/kPa
抗剪强
度/kPa
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
50 74.29
0 100 100.32 34.86 36.13
150 150.55
200 179.18
50 54.29
养护室养护 3 100 103.00 15.45 40.36
150 147.88
200 180.68
50 64.28
7 100 131.22 14.30 47.98
150 183.13
200 231.18
50 186.01
7 100 228.31 44.42 133.52
150 275.94
保湿缸养护 200 333.29
50 159.35
14 100 218.77 35.37 134.03
150 244.11
200 269.42
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435343667634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949468668056376, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同养护龄期下试样的抗剪强度指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护方式 养护龄
期/d
垂直压
力/kPa
抗剪强
度/kPa
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
50 74.29
0 100 100.32 34.86 36.13
150 150.55
200 179.18
50 54.29
养护室养护 3 100 103.00 15.45 40.36
150 147.88
200 180.68
50 64.28
7 100 131.22 14.30 47.98
150 183.13
200 231.18
50 186.01
7 100 228.31 44.42 133.52
150 275.94
保湿缸养护 200 333.29
50 159.35
14 100 218.77 35.37 134.03
150 244.11
200 269.42
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微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀加固黄土影响因素试验研究
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赵天宇 1 , 安亮 1, 2, * , 谌文武 2 , 王迎春 1 , 李论基 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(4): 1620-1627
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(4): 1620-1627
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀加固黄土影响因素试验研究
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赵天宇1 , 安亮1, 2, * , 谌文武2, 王迎春1, 李论基1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司, 兰州 730030
  • 2 兰州大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730000
  • 赵天宇(1985—),男,汉族,甘肃庆阳人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土工程勘察与特殊性岩土测试。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*安亮(1993—),男,汉族,甘肃定西人,博士研究生,工程师。研究方向:路基工程。E-mail:
Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Microbial-induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation for Consolidation of Loess
Tian-yu ZHAO1 , Liang AN1, 2, * , Wen-wu CHEN2, Ying-chun WANG1, Lun-ji LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Gansu Province Transportation Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
  • 2 College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401671
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微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation,MICP)技术是新兴的岩土工程绿色加固技术,在黄土边坡加固方面具有良好的应用前景。MICP加固黄土受多种因素影响,除了外界环境、材料特性和加固方式等因素外,钙源、胶结液浓度、养护龄期和养护方式等对微生物加固黄土也起着决定性作用。以陇西地区黄土为研究对象,采用巴氏芽孢杆菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀技术固化黄土试样,开展不同钙源、胶结液浓度、养护龄期和养护方式条件下MICP固化黄土试样抗剪强度对比试验研究。结果表明:钙源为氯化钙,胶结液浓度1.0 mol/L且试样养护7 d条件下,MICP技术对黄土试样的加固效果更好,与素黄土相比,黏聚力和内摩擦角分别提高了4.95和1.34倍。研究成果对黄土高原地区的路基加固和边坡治理等具有一定的参考价值。
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)  /  微生物  /  黄土加固  /  钙源  /  胶结液浓度  /  养护龄期

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is an emerging green reinforcement technology for geotechnical engineering, which has a good application prospect in the reinforcement of loess slopes. The reinforcement of loess by MICP is affected by a variety of factors, in addition to the external environment, material properties and reinforcement methods and other factors, the calcium source, the concentration of binder, the age of the maintenance and the maintenance methods also play a decisive role in the microbial reinforcement of loess. The loess in Longxi area was taken as the research object, bacillus subtilis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology was adopted to consolidate loess, and a comparative experimental study on the shear strength of MICP-consolidated loess under the conditions of different calcium sources, binder concentration, age of maintenance and maintenance methods was carried out. The results show that the MICP technology is more effective in consolidating loess specimens when the calcium source is calcium chloride, the binder concentration is 1.0 mol/L and the specimens are cured for 7 d. The cohesion and internal friction are increased by 4.95 and 1.34 times, respectively, compared with the vegetal loess soil. The research results have certain reference value for the roadbed reinforcement and slope management in the Loess Plateau area.

microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP)  /  microorganisms  /  loess reinforcement  /  calcium source  /  concentration of cement  /  age of maintenance
赵天宇, 安亮, 谌文武, 王迎春, 李论基. 微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀加固黄土影响因素试验研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1620 -1627 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401671
Tian-yu ZHAO, Liang AN, Wen-wu CHEN, Ying-chun WANG, Lun-ji LI. Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Microbial-induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation for Consolidation of Loess[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1620 -1627 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401671
中国黄土高原是世界上黄土分布最为集中、连续分布面积最大的区域,其黄土分布具有面积广、厚度大、湿陷性强烈、区域性质差异大的特点。黄土特殊的结构决定了在外部环境水的作用下表现出极强的水敏性和易损性。黄土上述特性对于工程项目建设及运营过程中造成了各类病害问题。因此,提出一种黄土强度增强的技术方法,对于指导后续工程项目建设具有十分重要的实践意义。
微生物固化土体是岩土工程领域的一种新型环保的固化技术,该技术基于一种高产脲酶微生物,其利用自身新陈代谢活动产生脲酶,将尿素分解成N${H}_{4}^{+}$和C${O}_{3}^{2-}$, 与周围环境中的Ca2+结合生成具有胶凝性且难溶的碳酸钙晶体,从而将土体中颗粒胶结成具有一定强度的整体。陈彦瑞等[1]研究了微生物固化玄武岩残积土,其固化后的抗剪强度和压缩特性得到大幅改善。方国清[2]基于陕西延安革命旧址区窑洞顶板渗水、窑面剥落、水土流失等病害问题,从固化前后黄土的渗透性和微观结构探讨了新材料加固黄土的可行性。王绪民等[3]研究了微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation,MICP)方法处理泥岩稳定性的可行性,结果表明,微生物改良泥岩试样黏聚力可提高288%,内摩擦角提高了8.66%。王谦等[4]探讨了未来黄土地基抗震处理技术的研究方向,总结相关领域前沿性科学问题,并提出微生物环保技术用于黄土地基抗震处理使今后黄土地基处理取得突破的研究方向之一。单冶钢等[5]采用蠕动泵注浆和浸泡灌浆两种不同的工艺对岩石裂缝加固进行了室内试验,确定了最优微生物加固岩石裂缝工艺。岳建伟等[6]研究了未改良粉土、MICP加固土、改良MICP加固土试样养护7d后的力学性能,结果表明,MICP技术最佳配比为2∶1胶菌质量比,并得到了改良MICP加固土的黏聚力提高了约50%,内摩擦角提高了约17%。刘汉龙等[7-8]利用微生物加固技术进行石质文物的补配修复。段金贵等[9]通过MICP技术研究了黄土坡面矿化加固作用机制。卫仁杰等[10]通过在胶结液中添加铝离子絮凝剂有效减少MICP灌浆处理次数。
关于微生物加固技术在黄土方面的研究,文献[11-16]等学者在黄土结构性、湿陷性、崩解性和坡面抗侵蚀等方面开展了具体研究。Amit等[17]利用微生物诱导方解石沉淀技术减缓黄土风蚀病害问题,结果表明,生物刺激的MICP有效地减轻了低碳干旱土壤的粉尘排放,为未来现场实施方案提供了依据。Sina等[18]讨论了MICP技术在建筑材料中的应用。罗晓光等[19]将生物酶加固路基技术应用与公路建设中。但这些对于公路路基生物固化的尝试大多只是向土中添加生物酶,而鲜有直接添加微生物的研究。同时,MICP技术的应用在砂土中较多,至于其对黄土的加固研究还处于探索阶段。鉴于此,以陇西地区黄土为研究对象,采用巴氏芽孢杆菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀技术固化黄土试样,开展不同钙源、胶结液浓度、养护龄期和养护方式条件下MICP固化黄土试样抗剪强度对比试验研究,为黄土高原地区路基加固和边坡治理提供新方法和新技术。
试验所用黄土取自甘肃兰州,将取回的黄土烘干,过2 mm筛,密封待用。依据《公路土工试验规程》(JTG 3430—2020),测出所用黄土的基本物理参数如表1所示。采用重型击实试验测试了黄土的最大干密度和最优含水率,如图1所示。
巴氏芽孢杆菌其菌种(冻干粉)购买于美国菌种保藏中心(编号为ATCC 11859)。试验所用微生物为培养时间为32~44 h的巴氏芽孢杆菌。胶结液由尿素、钙源(氯化钙、乳酸钙或乙酸钙)和蒸馏水配制而成,为微生物的矿化反应提供碳源和钙源。在适宜的环境下,巴氏芽孢杆菌产出脲酶,催化尿素发生水解反应,生成C${O}_{3}^{2-}$和N${H}_{4}^{+}$,使得环境pH升高,在弱碱环境下生成的大量的C${O}_{3}^{2-}$和Ca2+结合生成碳酸钙沉淀。
试验采用ZJ型四联应变控制式直剪仪进行直接剪切试验。试样直径为61.8 mm,高20 mm,试验时设置剪切速率为0.8 mm/min,剪切位移为6 mm,垂直压力选择50 kPa、100 kPa、150 kPa、200 kPa进行快剪试验。试验方案设计如表2所示,以素黄土作为对照组试验。
按照击实试验得到的黄土的最大干密度和最佳含水率,称取干土和蒸馏水的质量,并测量蒸馏水的体积。将一定体积的菌液加入黄土中,拌合均匀,密封24 h,使细菌有充足的时间附着到土颗粒表面,然后加入等体积的胶结液,快速搅拌均匀,装入模具,静压成型。
由于试验所用的巴氏芽孢杆菌是一种好氧菌,因此在养护试样时为了考虑细菌对氧气的需求,尝试养护室和保湿缸两种方式对试样进行养护。
(1)养护室养护。将试样用保鲜袋密封,放在温度为25 ℃,湿度为95%的标准养护室中养护。
(2)保湿缸养护。将试样用保鲜袋封装,袋口未完全封闭,将试样放置在保湿缸中,将盖顶的气阀打开,使空气可以流通。
土体的剪切强度是土体强度稳定性分析的重要因素。通过不同钙源、不同胶结液浓度、不同养护龄期条件下微生物改良黄土直剪试验,绘制改良黄土试样的剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线,并计算出试样的黏聚力和内摩擦角,分析钙源、胶结液浓度以及养护龄期对改良黄土抗剪强度的影响规律。
选取钙源为氯化钙、乳酸钙和乙酸钙,素黄土试样为对照组,胶结液浓度为0.6 mol/L,养护龄期为0、3 d。图2图3分别为0、3 d不同钙源条件下试样的剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线。
图2图3以可看出,不同钙源条件下固化黄土试样剪应力随着剪切位移的增加先增加,剪切位移1 mm时达到峰值后开始减小,最后趋于稳定。在相同垂直压力下,钙源对黄土抗剪强度的影响依次为:氯化钙>乙酸钙>乳酸钙,素黄土的抗剪强度最低。乙酸钙和乳酸钙作为钙源固化黄土试样时,黄土试样内部生成的碳酸钙含量较少,且反应速率较慢,因此相比于氯化钙,固化效果相对较弱。
钙源为氯化钙、养护7 d,分析不同胶结液浓度条件下固化试样抗剪强度,结果如图4所示。
图4可知,与素黄土相比,改良黄土试样抗剪强度都明显提高,应力应变曲线在峰值强度表现出脆性变化规律,并且随着胶结液浓度的增大,固化黄土峰值强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。3种不同胶结液浓度条件下,固化黄土试样的抗剪强度从高到低依次为:1.0 mol/L>0.6 mol/L>1.4 mol/L>素黄土。说明胶结液浓度为1.0 mol/L时,微生物矿化在试样内部生成的碳酸钙沉淀含量较高,较低浓度的胶结液提供的尿素和Ca2+较少,生成的碳酸钙沉淀量较少,而高浓度的胶结液则抑制了细菌的活性,故MICP技术加固黄土在胶结液浓度为1.0 mol/L时试样的抗剪强度提高最显著。
钙源为氯化钙、胶结液浓度为1.0 mol/L,分析不同养护条件下固化黄土试样抗剪强度,剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线如图5图6所示。
图5图6可以看出,养护室和保湿缸养护条件下,固化黄土试样峰值强度随着养护龄期的增大呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在养护龄期为7 d时,峰值强度呈现出最大值。养护龄期在0~3 d时,微生物加固黄土试样的抗剪强度变化较小;在3~7 d,固化试样的抗剪强度明显提高;在7~14 d,固化试样的抗剪强度有所下降。在保湿缸养护条件下,试样峰值强度呈现出更好的脆性变化。
表3为不同钙源条件下微生物固化黄土试样的抗剪强度指标。可以看出,钙源显著影响了黄土试样的黏聚力和内摩擦角。养护龄期为0 d,黏聚力大小依次为:氯化钙>乙酸钙>乳酸钙,内摩擦角:氯化钙=乙酸钙>乳酸钙,相比最小值,钙源为氯化钙固化黄土试样黏聚力提升了37%,内摩擦角提升了5%。养护龄期为3 d,黏聚力大小依次为:乳酸钙>氯化钙>乙酸钙,内摩擦角:乙酸钙>氯化钙>乳酸钙,与最小值相比,固化黄土试样黏聚力提升了124%,内摩擦角提升了16%。与黏聚力的变化范围相比,内摩擦角的变化范围相对较小。
表4为不同胶结液浓度条件下微生物固化黄土试样的抗剪强度指标。可以看出,不同胶结液浓度条件下固化黄土试样的黏聚力、内摩擦角存在显著差异,黏聚力的大小依次为:1.0 mol/L>1.4 mol/L>0.6 mol/L,内摩擦角:0.6 mol/L>1.0 mol/L>1.4 mol/L,固化黄土试样黏聚力与最小值相比,最大提升了53%;内摩擦角最大提升了47%。与黏聚力的变化范围相比,内摩擦角的变化范围相对较小。
表5为不同养护龄期下微生物固化黄土试样的抗剪强度指标。不同养护龄期条件下,黏聚力的大小依次为:0 d > 3 d > 7 d,内摩擦角:7 d > 3 d > 0 d。养护天数分别为0、3、7 d时,试样的黏聚力值分别为34.86、15.45、14.30 kPa,与最小值相比,最大提升了144%;内摩擦角与最小值相比,最大提升了33%。保湿缸养护的试样,黏聚力的大小依次为:7 d>14 d,内摩擦角的大小表现为:14 d>7 d,养护天数分别为7 d和14 d时,试样的黏聚力值分别为44.42、35.37 kPa,与最小值相比,提高了26%;内摩擦角提高了0.4%。与黏聚力的变化范围相比,内摩擦角的变化范围相对较小。
钙源为氯化钙,胶结液浓度为1.0 mol/L且试样养护7 d条件下,固化黄土试样黏聚力和内摩擦角为133.52 kPa和44.42°,素黄土黏聚力和内摩擦角分别为29.63 kPa和33.0°。相比较而言,MICP加固黄土的黏聚力提高了4.95倍,内摩擦角提高了1.34倍。
为了观察MICP固化黄土后碳酸钙的结晶,对钙源为氯化钙,胶结液浓度为1.0 mol/L且养护7 d时的黄土试样进行扫描电镜测试,扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)试验结果如图7所示。在一定胶结液浓度下,经过养护,黄土颗粒表面、颗粒与颗粒交接处形成了具有一定厚度CaCO3结晶。一方面,CaCO3结晶可以填补黄土颗粒之间的孔隙,并且可包裹破碎的黄土颗粒,从而降低孔隙大小,防治土颗粒在剪切过程中发生滑动,有效提高了黄土试样的抗剪强度;另一方面,CaCO3晶体与黄土内部颗粒桥接结合,使黄土骨架更加致密,防止水分子破坏黄土结构,有效提高黄土的渗透性和抗崩解性能。从图7(a)中可以看出,MICP改良黄土生成的CaCO3的形貌多为立方体。
从不同钙源、胶结液浓度及养护天数条件下开展MICP固化黄土的试验研究,并基于黄土试样微观结构进行机理分析。得出以下主要结论。
(1)当钙源为氯化钙,胶结液浓度为1.0 mol/L且养护7 d时,MICP技术对黄土的加固效果最优,与素黄土相比,加固黄土试样的黏聚力提升了4.95倍,内摩擦角提升了1.34倍。
(2)MICP技术可以有效提高黄土的抗剪强度。钙源、胶结液浓度和养护天数均对加固试样的黏聚力影响较大,而对内摩擦角的影响相对较小。
(3)MICP改良黄土生成的CaCO3的形貌多为立方体,在黄土颗粒表面、颗粒与颗粒交接处形成了具有一定厚度CaCO3晶体,将黄土颗粒胶结成整体,从而提高了黄土的整体强度。
  • 甘肃省科技揭榜挂帅项目(21ZD8JA003)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401671
  • 接收时间:2024-03-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11
  • 修回日期:2024-11-20
基金
甘肃省科技揭榜挂帅项目(21ZD8JA003)
甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目(2024-38)
作者信息
    1 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司, 兰州 730030
    2 兰州大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730000

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*安亮(1993—),男,汉族,甘肃定西人,博士研究生,工程师。研究方向:路基工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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