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Article(id=1156949467850167081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404135, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717344000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-03, revisedDate=1736956800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767848216, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767848216, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767848216, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767848216, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1613, endPage=1619, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949468986823486, articleId=1156949467850167081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Physical and Mechanical Properties Test and Engineering Application of Early Strength Agent-Cement Slurry, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to speed up the engineering progress, early strength additives are usually added to improve the early strength of cement grout. Calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, triethanolamine, synthetic calcium formate, HR-SA1 and other early strength additives were selected, the flowability, shrinkage rate, and compressive strength of cement slurry under the action of different early strength agents were explored through indoor experiments. In this way, the influence of different types of early strength agents on the early physical and mechanical properties of cement slurry were revealed. The results show that all early strength agents can meet the needs of on-site grouting requirements, ensuring that the fluidity of the cement slurry can be stable for a long time. The flowability of the synthesized calcium formate-based cement slurry significantly increases within 60 minutes, indicating a notable retarding effect. The fluidity of the other early strength agents cement slurry slightly increases within 60 minutes, but the amplitude is not significant. The compressive strength of (HR-SA1)-cement slurry specimens at all ages is significantly higher than that of ordinary cement slurry specimens, while the other four early strength agents have no significant effect on improving the compressive strength of cement slurry. The average shrinkage and shrinkage rate of (HR-SA1)-cement slurry specimens after final setting are very low, far lower than the average shrinkage and shrinkage rate of other early strength agent cement slurry specimens. It is verified by the construction site of prestressed anchor cable of a subway station in Qingdao City. The test values of the physical and mechanical properties of cement slurry are basically consistent with the results of laboratory test, which lays a foundation for the popularization and application of HR-SA1 early strength agent in practical engineering.

, correspAuthors=Nan YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi-jun ZHANG, Yun-ting LI, Xiao-yu BAI, Shuang-wu ZHANG, Jia-liang FENG, Feng-yang QIAO, Nan YAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949523265310973, articleId=1156949467850167081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=早强剂-水泥浆液物理力学性能试验及工程应用, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为加快工程进度,一般采用添加早强型外加剂以提高水泥浆液的早期强度,选取氯化钙、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺、合成甲酸钙、HR-SA15种早强剂,通过室内试验分析不同早强剂作用下水泥浆液的流动度、收缩率、抗压强度,从而揭示不同早强剂类型对水泥浆液早期物理力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:各早强剂均能够满足现场注浆需求,确保水泥浆液的流动度可以长时间内保持稳定。合成甲酸钙-水泥浆液在60 min内的流动度增幅较大,缓凝效果明显;其余早强剂-水泥浆液在60 min内的浆液流动度稍有增加,但增幅不大。(HR-SA1)-水泥浆液试件在不同龄期的抗压强度均显著高于普通水泥浆液试件,而其他4种早强剂对水泥浆液抗压强度提高效果均不明显。(HR-SA1)-水泥浆液试件终凝后平均收缩量及收缩率较低,远低于其他早强剂-水泥浆液试件的平均收缩量及收缩率。经青岛市某地铁车站预应力锚索施工现场验证,(HR-SA1)-水泥浆液物理力学性能测试值与室内试验结果基本吻合,为HR-SA1早强剂在实际工程中的推广应用奠定了基础。, correspAuthors=闫楠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*闫楠(1982—),女,汉族,山东潍坊人,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:环境岩土工程。E-mail:。
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张启军(1974—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,正高级工程师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:。

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张启军(1974—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,正高级工程师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:。

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张启军(1974—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,正高级工程师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:。

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Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2024, 21(5): 1954-1965., articleTitle=Study on optimization of mix ratio of slow setting cement slurry and influence of slurry rock interface characteristics of anchor hole, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944427785536406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, awardId=51809146, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51809146), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1225944427991057318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, awardId=ZR2024ME224, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024ME224), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944413751395224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944413763978138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225944422479741432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Test process photos, figureFileSmall=7+8g8sK3+fz+9GZGfj6igw==, figureFileBig=tVOVRMrqb1GmH8frdPD1cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944422647513608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验过程照片, figureFileSmall=7+8g8sK3+fz+9GZGfj6igw==, figureFileBig=tVOVRMrqb1GmH8frdPD1cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944422861423138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Influence of different early strength agents on fluidity of cement slurry, figureFileSmall=pDpSRnNXJRnJhrbVlLtb2Q==, figureFileBig=GRA14mIU/wYQGiB/HNUWKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944423062749750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同早强剂对水泥浆液流动度的影响, figureFileSmall=pDpSRnNXJRnJhrbVlLtb2Q==, figureFileBig=GRA14mIU/wYQGiB/HNUWKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944423217939017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Shrinkage of different early strength agents-cement grout and common cement grout specimens at different ages, figureFileSmall=sdZO2l9ASpEB+hZua1z1HA==, figureFileBig=VGz+VLGY1EjfWxu+CgLoAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944423360545365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同早强剂-水泥浆液与普通水泥浆液试件的各龄期收缩量, figureFileSmall=sdZO2l9ASpEB+hZua1z1HA==, figureFileBig=VGz+VLGY1EjfWxu+CgLoAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944423666729581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Fig.4, 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Test material

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 类型 生厂商 含量/%
水泥 P.O 42.5水泥 青岛即墨中联 —
氯化钙(CaCl2) — 95.1
硫酸钠(Na2SO4) — 99.2
早强剂 三乙醇胺(C6H15NO3) — 99.3
合成甲酸钙[Ca(HCOO)2] — —
HR-SA1早强剂 青岛慧睿科技
有限公司		 —
水源 自来水 — —
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426250420997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验材料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 类型 生厂商 含量/%
水泥 P.O 42.5水泥 青岛即墨中联 —
氯化钙(CaCl2) — 95.1
硫酸钠(Na2SO4) — 99.2
早强剂 三乙醇胺(C6H15NO3) — 99.3
合成甲酸钙[Ca(HCOO)2] — —
HR-SA1早强剂 青岛慧睿科技
有限公司		 —
水源 自来水 — —
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426359472911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 设置
初始流动度标准/mm 310±10
养护条件 温度15 ℃、湿度70%
养护龄期 24 h、48 h、72 h、7 d、10 d、28 d
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426493690653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 设置
初始流动度标准/mm 310±10
养护条件 温度15 ℃、湿度70%
养护龄期 24 h、48 h、72 h、7 d、10 d、28 d
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426644685606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test parameters

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测试数据 测试项目
初始流动度
浆液流动度 30 min流动度
60 min流动度
抗压强度 各龄期试块抗压强度
收缩量 试块终凝后的收缩量
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426791486262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

测试参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试数据 测试项目
初始流动度
浆液流动度 30 min流动度
60 min流动度
抗压强度 各龄期试块抗压强度
收缩量 试块终凝后的收缩量
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427013784402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Number of slurry sample and dosage of early strength agent

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试件编号 早强剂名称 掺量/% 试验组数
Z-0 不掺入早强剂 — 18
Z-1 氯化钙(CaCl2) 2.00 18
Z-2 硫酸钠(Na2SO4) 2.00 18
Z-3 三乙醇胺(C6H15NO3) 0.05 18
Z-4 合成甲酸钙[Ca(HCOO)2] 0.50 18
Z-5 HR-SA1早强剂 2.50 18
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427223499616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

浆液试样编号及早强剂掺量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 早强剂名称 掺量/% 试验组数
Z-0 不掺入早强剂 — 18
Z-1 氯化钙(CaCl2) 2.00 18
Z-2 硫酸钠(Na2SO4) 2.00 18
Z-3 三乙醇胺(C6H15NO3) 0.05 18
Z-4 合成甲酸钙[Ca(HCOO)2] 0.50 18
Z-5 HR-SA1早强剂 2.50 18
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427403854703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test block compressive strength and shrinkage

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编号 初始流动
度/mm		 收缩量/
mm		 抗压强度/MPa
48 h 72 h
X-1 275 0.2 33.3 54.7
X-2 298 0.3 26.5 37.7
X-3 288 0.2 28.9 42.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427508712311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949467850167081, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试块抗压强度及收缩量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 初始流动
度/mm		 收缩量/
mm		 抗压强度/MPa
48 h 72 h
X-1 275 0.2 33.3 54.7
X-2 298 0.3 26.5 37.7
X-3 288 0.2 28.9 42.5
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早强剂-水泥浆液物理力学性能试验及工程应用
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张启军 1, 2 , 李韵廷 3 , 白晓宇 2 , 张双武 3 , 冯家亮 4 , 乔凤阳 1 , 闫楠 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(4): 1613-1619
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(4): 1613-1619
早强剂-水泥浆液物理力学性能试验及工程应用
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张启军1, 2 , 李韵廷3, 白晓宇2, 张双武3, 冯家亮4, 乔凤阳1, 闫楠2, *
作者信息
  • 1 青岛业高建设工程有限公司, 青岛 266042
  • 2 青岛理工大学土木工程学院, 青岛 266520
  • 3 中铁二十局集团第四工程有限公司, 青岛 266061
  • 4 西北综合勘察设计研究院, 西安 710000

    • 张启军(1974—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,正高级工程师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

*闫楠(1982—),女,汉族,山东潍坊人,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:环境岩土工程。E-mail:。
Physical and Mechanical Properties Test and Engineering Application of Early Strength Agent-Cement Slurry
Qi-jun ZHANG1, 2 , Yun-ting LI3, Xiao-yu BAI2, Shuang-wu ZHANG3, Jia-liang FENG4, Feng-yang QIAO1, Nan YAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Qingdao Yegao Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266042, China
  • 2 College of Civil Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266520, China
  • 3 4th Engineering Co., Ltd., 20th Bureau Group, China Railway, Qingdao 266061, China
  • 4 Northwest Comprehensive Investigation, Design and Research Institute, Xi’an 710000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404135
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为加快工程进度,一般采用添加早强型外加剂以提高水泥浆液的早期强度,选取氯化钙、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺、合成甲酸钙、HR-SA15种早强剂,通过室内试验分析不同早强剂作用下水泥浆液的流动度、收缩率、抗压强度,从而揭示不同早强剂类型对水泥浆液早期物理力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:各早强剂均能够满足现场注浆需求,确保水泥浆液的流动度可以长时间内保持稳定。合成甲酸钙-水泥浆液在60 min内的流动度增幅较大,缓凝效果明显;其余早强剂-水泥浆液在60 min内的浆液流动度稍有增加,但增幅不大。(HR-SA1)-水泥浆液试件在不同龄期的抗压强度均显著高于普通水泥浆液试件,而其他4种早强剂对水泥浆液抗压强度提高效果均不明显。(HR-SA1)-水泥浆液试件终凝后平均收缩量及收缩率较低,远低于其他早强剂-水泥浆液试件的平均收缩量及收缩率。经青岛市某地铁车站预应力锚索施工现场验证,(HR-SA1)-水泥浆液物理力学性能测试值与室内试验结果基本吻合,为HR-SA1早强剂在实际工程中的推广应用奠定了基础。
早强剂  /  水泥浆液  /  流动度  /  抗压强度  /  收缩率

In order to speed up the engineering progress, early strength additives are usually added to improve the early strength of cement grout. Calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, triethanolamine, synthetic calcium formate, HR-SA1 and other early strength additives were selected, the flowability, shrinkage rate, and compressive strength of cement slurry under the action of different early strength agents were explored through indoor experiments. In this way, the influence of different types of early strength agents on the early physical and mechanical properties of cement slurry were revealed. The results show that all early strength agents can meet the needs of on-site grouting requirements, ensuring that the fluidity of the cement slurry can be stable for a long time. The flowability of the synthesized calcium formate-based cement slurry significantly increases within 60 minutes, indicating a notable retarding effect. The fluidity of the other early strength agents cement slurry slightly increases within 60 minutes, but the amplitude is not significant. The compressive strength of (HR-SA1)-cement slurry specimens at all ages is significantly higher than that of ordinary cement slurry specimens, while the other four early strength agents have no significant effect on improving the compressive strength of cement slurry. The average shrinkage and shrinkage rate of (HR-SA1)-cement slurry specimens after final setting are very low, far lower than the average shrinkage and shrinkage rate of other early strength agent cement slurry specimens. It is verified by the construction site of prestressed anchor cable of a subway station in Qingdao City. The test values of the physical and mechanical properties of cement slurry are basically consistent with the results of laboratory test, which lays a foundation for the popularization and application of HR-SA1 early strength agent in practical engineering.

early strength agent  /  cement slurry  /  fluidity  /  compressive strength  /  shrinkage rate
张启军, 李韵廷, 白晓宇, 张双武, 冯家亮, 乔凤阳, 闫楠. 早强剂-水泥浆液物理力学性能试验及工程应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1613 -1619 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404135
Qi-jun ZHANG, Yun-ting LI, Xiao-yu BAI, Shuang-wu ZHANG, Jia-liang FENG, Feng-yang QIAO, Nan YAN. Physical and Mechanical Properties Test and Engineering Application of Early Strength Agent-Cement Slurry[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1613 -1619 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404135
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锚杆(索)支护在深基坑工程中应用广泛[1]。基坑工程施工遵循“分层开挖、分层支护”的原则,即在锚杆(索)预应力张拉并锁定之后,方可进行下一层土石方开挖。目前,锚固注浆主要采用压注水泥浆液的方式,注浆作业应确保注浆顺序从上至下且速度均匀[2-3]。然而,水泥浆液的早期强度增长所需时间较长,通常需要10~14 d,这导致在开挖下一层土方时需要较长时间的技术间歇,影响基坑施工中各班组的工作连续性,造成劳力窝工,并严重影响基坑施工的总工期。同时,市场上存在的快硬水泥和高强度灌浆材料通常价格较高且凝固速度快,容易导致堵塞注浆设备,尤其是对于锚杆(索)注浆设备而言,这些材料并不适应现场经常停歇的泵送工况。
现阶段,适用于水泥基胶凝材料的早强剂按化学成分划分[4]可分成无机类、有机类和复合类。经搜集相关资料,在无机类早强剂中,主要包括氯盐类、硫酸盐和硝酸盐类等[5]。氯盐类的早强剂对水泥基胶凝材料早期强度增长效果较好,但因氯离子的存在,会导致钢筋发生锈蚀;硫酸盐类早强剂对水泥基胶凝材料的早期强度发展较快,但存在碱集料反应风险,易引起混凝土结构发生破坏;硝酸盐类的早强剂对水泥基胶凝材料早期强度增长效果一般,但其对混凝土产生的副作用较小[6];有机类早强剂应用最广泛的是三乙醇胺[7]。三乙醇胺是一种表面活性剂[8],其功能的发挥主要由掺量控制,在最优掺量条件下,三乙醇胺对水泥基胶凝材料体系的凝结和强度发展产生促进作用,反之则会产生负面效果[9];复合类早强剂是通过对各种早强剂进行复配,获得比单一早强剂更好的改性效果,不仅可以有效地提高水泥基胶凝材料的综合性能,减少或消除单一组分早强剂带来的负面影响,而且能较好地提高水泥基胶凝材料的早期强度[10-12]。
中外学者为了满足实际工程领域的需要,不断对早强剂材料进行复配,以提高注浆材料的早期性能[13-14]。刘春英等[15]将甲酸钙、甲基丙烯酸分别与晶胚按不同比例进行复配,通过试验得出甲酸钙、甲基丙烯酸的最优掺量。钟新宇等[16]将3种无机类早强剂与二乙醇单异丙醇胺按最优掺量加入掺石灰石粉砂浆中,发现3种复合早强剂均可增加砂浆的早期强度,其促进效果优于单组分早强剂。Chen等[17]通过将2种无机类早强剂按最优比例配制成复合类早强剂发现能提高硫铝酸盐水泥基材料的早期强度。上述研究取得了一定的成果,但并未见相关的现场应用。
鉴于此,依据水泥浆液的水化机理,以不同离子对水泥基胶凝材料水化速率的影响规律为理论基础,研制出HR-SA1新型复合类早强剂。以自制的HR-SA1早强剂为原料,基于室内试验,充分考虑水泥浆液施工适宜流动性的基础上,在水泥浆液中掺加其他种类的早强剂,并规定浆液流动度范围,通过测定浆液在不同养护龄期下的抗压强度,明确不同早强剂类型对水泥浆液物理力学性能的影响。同时,根据试验结果,选择性能最优的早强剂进行现场应用效果检验,为注浆工程在选择早强型外加剂方面提供借鉴与参考。
1 试验方案及过程
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1.1 试验材料和方案
试验通过规定初始流动度范围、模拟试验场地地下浅层环境条件,共设置6个养护龄期。本试验所需的材料如表1所示,具体试验条件详如表2所示。
依据《水泥基灌浆材料应用技术规范》(GB/T 50448—2008)[18]、《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》(GB/T 50081—2019)[19]进行试件物理力学性能测试,测试主要参数如表3所示。各试验试件编号及早强剂掺量如表4所示。
1.2 试验过程
本次试验有6个主要流程。
(1)称量配比。确保各种材料掺量按规定比例进行称量。
(2)混合搅拌。使用立式搅拌机将称量好的材料进行混合搅拌,直至获得均匀的水泥浆液。
(3)流动度测试。使用圆锥模测量水泥浆液的流动度,以确保其符合规定的标准。
(4)试块制作。使用70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm的试验模具制作试块,将水泥浆液倒入模具中,并进行适当的振动以确保水泥浆液无气泡。
(5)收缩量测量。将制作好的试块放入标养箱,以模拟青岛市地下浅层环境条件进行养护。在试块终凝后,进行收缩量测量,以评估水泥浆液的收缩性能。
(6)强度检测。使用压力试验机对养护好的试块进行抗压强度测试。
试验的主要步骤如图1所示。
2 试验结果与分析
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2.1 流动度
流动度是注浆过程中注浆材料分子扩散的宏观体现,反映浆液的可泵性和稳定性,是和易性的衡量指标[20]。室内试验测定不同早强剂-水泥浆液试件在0、30、60 min时流动度的变化曲线,试验结果如图2所示。
观察Z-0试件流动度与时间的关系曲线发现,0~30 min内水泥浆液流动度有所增加,其后流动度稍有降低。其余试件在早强剂作用下,60 min内随着时间的延长,水泥浆液流动度均表现出增长的现象,说明早强剂的使用可以改善初期水泥浆液的流动度。合成甲酸钙-水泥浆液制得的Z-4试件在0 min的流动度最低,随着时间延长,Z-4试件流动度显著提升,60 min时流动度增加81.5 mm。其余早强剂制得的试件流动度增长幅值较小,其初始时间(0 min)与终止时间(60 min)流动度增长范围介于2~19 mm,远小于81.5 mm。这说明合成甲酸钙早强剂改善初期水泥浆液流动度效果最为显著,缓凝效果明显。
对比各试件在3个时间段的流动度发现,不同早强剂对水泥砂浆流动度的影响随时间延长而表现出不同的性能。氯化钙-水泥浆液制得的Z-1试件、三乙醇胺-水泥浆液制得的Z-3试件初始流动度有所增加,说明氯化钙和三乙醇胺对水泥浆液的初始流动度有一定的增大作用。对比30 min的流动度时,只有Z-2试件低于Z-0试件,其余早强剂-水泥浆液试件均高于Z-0试件。这种情况可能是由于硫酸钠的硫酸根离子加速水泥中的三硅酸钙和二硅酸钙的水化反应,导致早期流动性降低。各早强剂-水泥浆液试件的60 min流动度均高于Z-0试件的60 min流动度,这几种早强剂的掺加均可以保持流动度在较长时间内保持稳定。
2.2 收缩量
水泥浆液的终凝收缩量是指水泥浆液在终凝阶段由于水分蒸发和水泥水化反应而导致体积减小的量。本试验通过对不同早强剂-水泥浆液试件与普通水泥浆液试件在终凝后的收缩量进行测定和比较分析,以评估早强剂对水泥浆液收缩特性的影响。测试数据如图3所示。
由图3可知,与未掺加早强剂的水泥浆液Z-0试件相比,早强剂的掺加对水泥砂浆试块的收缩特性产生差异性影响,掺加早强剂的Z-1~Z-4试件收缩量发生明显变化。Z-5试件终凝后收缩量最低,仅为0.2 mm,收缩率为0.3%,显著优于其他早强剂-水泥浆液试件。其余早强剂-水泥浆液试件终凝后的收缩量均高于Z-0试件。除HR-SA1早强剂外的氯化钙、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺、合成甲酸钙早强剂均导致水泥砂浆试块收缩量增加,而HR-SA1早强剂显著降低水泥砂浆试块的收缩量。这说明HR-SA1早强剂在控制水泥浆液收缩方面性能卓越,有利于降低注浆结石结构出现裂缝和变形的风险,在实际应用中对于提高注浆结石结构的稳定性和耐久性。
2.3 抗压强度
图4为水泥浆液试件在不同养护期龄的抗压强度曲线。图5为早强剂-水泥浆液与普通水泥浆液试件的各龄期强度比曲线。由图4、图5可以看出,Z-5试件在测试龄期内均强度增长显著。随着养护时间的延长,Z-5试件的抗压强度逐步增强。Z-5试件早期强度增长很快,尤其是24 h时抗压强度就已经超过30 MPa,满足常规设计28 d养护期龄抗压强度要求,HR-SA1早强剂在加速水泥硬化过程和提升早期强度方面性能卓越,28 d龄期强度仍然比空白浆液强度增长了1.92倍,效果显著。
不同早强剂对水泥浆液抗压强度发展的影响存在显著差异。Z-1~Z-4试件的强度增长曲线基本一致,在养护初期阶段强度增长较快,随着养护龄期的延长,抗压强度增长效果出现不同程度的下降,Z-1试件、Z-3试件以及Z-4试件仍能增长水泥砂浆试块的抗压强度,其中Z-3试件在养护后期阶段增长效果降低较小,可保持较好的增长效果,Z-4试件对试块的抗压强度增长不明显;而Z-2试件的抗压强度增长效果不佳,未能有效促进抗压强度的增长,其抗压强度远低于Z-0试件。这表明氯化钙早强剂在水泥浆液的养护初期与后期阶段均表现出较好的抗压强度增长效果;硫酸钠早强剂在养护初期阶段可迅速增长水泥浆液的抗压强度,但后期抗压强度增长不足;三乙醇胺早强剂对养护初期阶段抗压强度增长效果不明显,但后期强度增长较为迅速;合成甲酸钙早强剂在养护初期阶段对抗压强度增长效果较为显著,后期抗压强度增长效果不明显。
试验结果显示,HR-SA1早强剂的掺入显著提升了水泥浆液的各龄期抗压强度,而其他4种早强剂的对水泥浆液抗压强度提升效果均不明显。
3 工程应用效果
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经过室内试验证明,掺入HR-SA1早强剂的水泥浆液物理性能优异。现利用HR-SA1早强剂进行青岛市地铁某车站工程应用效果验证,进一步检验实际工程应用中,水泥浆液在HR-SA1早强剂作用下的固化效果与可靠性。
实际工程应用中,锚索锚固体的设计抗压强度须达到30 MPa才满足施工要求,而预应力张拉的强度不得低于设计强度的75%,即22.5 MPa。按照传统水泥浆液的配比标准,需要10 d以上的养护时间才能满足预应力张拉所需的强度要求,这将对工程进度产生严重影响,并可能导致窝工现象。
为了满足施工的需求,即在养护3 d后进行预应力张拉以便及时开挖下一层土体。在现场应用中,水泥浆液的配比设定为水泥∶HR-SA1∶水=1∶0.025∶0.35。对浆液的初始流动度进行测试,并制作多组70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm的试件,每组有3个平行试验。在现场埋砂的自然养护条件下,对试件进行抗压强度测试和收缩量测量,结果如表5所示。
分析表5的数据发现,3组试件在养护期龄为48 h的抗压强度均达到22.5 MPa以上,养护期龄为72 h抗压强度均超过30 MPa,这意味着仅需养护2 d,试件就满足预应力张拉的要求;而养护3 d后,试件已达到承载力验收的标准。
总承包单位根据该结果,在养护3 d后进行预应力张拉作业,并取得成功。部分现场张拉如图6所示。HR-SA1早强剂的应用使得工程顺利进行,使现场形成流水施工,有效避免因水泥养护可能造成施工延误而导致窝工现象。
4 结论
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为探寻一种适用于水泥浆液的早强剂,选择4种常用的早强剂及新型HR-SA1早强剂,经室内试验分析及现场验证,得出如下结论。
(1)各早强剂均能够满足现场注浆需要,使流动度可以在长时间内保持稳定。合成甲酸钙-水泥浆液在60 min内的流动度增幅较大,缓凝效果明显;其他4种早强剂对水泥浆液流动度的影响不大,与普通水泥浆液流动度基本一致。
(2)不同早强剂对水泥浆液抗压强度发展的影响存在显著差异。HR-SA1早强剂的掺入显著提升了水泥浆液不同龄期的抗压强度,特别是早期抗压强度尤为显著,而其他4种早强剂对水泥浆液早期及后期抗压强度提升效果均不明显。
(3)除HR-SA1早强剂外的氯化钙、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺、合成甲酸钙早强剂均导致水泥砂浆试块收缩量增加,而HR-SA1早强剂显著降低水泥砂浆试块的收缩量。说明HR-SA1早强剂在控制水泥浆液收缩方面性能卓越,有利于降低注浆结石结构出现裂缝和变形的风险,在实际应用中对于提高注浆结石结构的稳定性和耐久性具有重要意义。
(4)经施工现场验证,HR-SA1早强剂的物理性能指标与室内试验数值基本吻合,养护龄期为2 d即可达到锚索张拉锁定开挖的强度要求,具有广阔的应用前景。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(51809146)
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024ME224)
文献
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404135
  • 接收时间：2024-06-03
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-03
  • 修回日期：2025-01-16
基金
国家自然科学基金(51809146)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024ME224)
作者信息
    1 青岛业高建设工程有限公司, 青岛 266042
    2 青岛理工大学土木工程学院, 青岛 266520
    3 中铁二十局集团第四工程有限公司, 青岛 266061
    4 西北综合勘察设计研究院, 西安 710000

通讯作者:

*闫楠(1982—),女,汉族,山东潍坊人,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:环境岩土工程。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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