Article(id=1156949465656549685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402912, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713628800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-21, revisedDate=1732636800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767847693, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767847693, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767847693, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767847693, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1587, endPage=1594, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949466499604816, articleId=1156949465656549685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Warp Tension Control in Carbon Fiber Diagonal Loom Considering the Effect of Beating-up, columnId=1156262736095994848, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Civil, Handicraft and Living Services Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem of low tension control accuracy existing in the warp yarn tension control of carbon fiber corner link loom, a warp yarn tension control method considering the effect of beating-up was proposed. Firstly, the elongation of the warp yarn during beating-up was analyzed, and then a new tension control model of the warp feeding system was established by combining Hooke’s law with the existing tension model. Secondly, a command filter backstepping sliding mode controller was proposed, which estimated the first-order differentiation of the virtual control law through the filter to avoid the problem of “differential expansion”, and adopted the radial basis function(RBF) neural network to adaptively estimate the unmodeled part of the system, and at the same time, the sliding mode control was introduced to enhance the robustness of the system. Finally, MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out simulation experiments on the tension system. The results show that the filtered backstepping sliding mode control considering the effect of beating-up in tension control compared with the traditional backstepping sliding mode control in the case of similar response time, the stabilization time is shortened by nearly 16.3%, the amount of overshooting is reduced by 24.6%. Compared with the fuzzy proportional integral derivative(PID) control, the stabilization time is shortened by 51.7%, the amount of overshooting is reduced by 49.2%.

, correspAuthors=Wei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin ZHAI, Wei LIU, Lin-lin LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949557184651643, articleId=1156949465656549685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=轻工业、手工业、生活服务业考虑打纬影响的碳纤维角联织机经纱张力控制方法, columnId=1156262736238601186, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·轻工业、手工业、生活服务业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=针对碳纤维角联织机经纱张力控制中存在的张力控制精度低问题,提出一种考虑打纬影响的经纱张力控制方法。首先深入分析打纬时经纱的伸长量,再结合胡克定律与现有张力模型,建立新的送经系统张力控制模型。其次,提出一种指令滤波反步滑模控制器,通过滤波器估计虚拟控制律的一阶微分,避免“微分膨胀”问题,采用径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络对系统未建模部分进行自适应估计,同时引入滑模控制,增强系统鲁棒性。最后,使用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对张力系统进行仿真实验。结果表明:考虑打纬影响的滤波反步滑模控制在张力控制方面相比传统反步滑模控制在响应时间相近的情况下,稳定时间缩短近16.3%,超调量减小24.6%;相比模糊比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制在稳定时间上缩短近51.7%,超调量减小49.2%。, correspAuthors=刘薇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘薇(1973—),女,汉族,天津人,博士,副教授。研究方向:机电一体化智能控制技术。E-mail:
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翟鑫(1998—),男,汉族,山西大同人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机械系统智能控制技术。E-mail:

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翟鑫(1998—),男,汉族,山西大同人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机械系统智能控制技术。E-mail:

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Journal of Textile Research, 2009, 30(8): 34-38., articleTitle=Research on beating-up process and weaving variables, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944435469496759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, awardId=17JCYBJC19400, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市自然科学基金(17JCYBJC19400), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944425071817419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944425101177552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, companyId=1225944425071817419, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944425147314903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, companyId=1225944425071817419, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 天津工业大学机械工程学院, 天津 300387)]), AuthorCompany(id=1225944425289921258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944425298309868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, companyId=1225944425289921258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology, Tianjin 300387, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944425344447219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, companyId=1225944425289921258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 天津市现代机电装备技术重点实验室, 天津 300387)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225944429970763890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the carbon fiber diagonal loom, figureFileSmall=YgmC4kph+DrCMAmSR3KPFw==, figureFileBig=OcJalkYCUdiTEs75M9dYWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944430197256323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=图1, caption=碳纤维角联织机工作原理图, figureFileSmall=YgmC4kph+DrCMAmSR3KPFw==, figureFileBig=OcJalkYCUdiTEs75M9dYWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944430646046886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Structure diagram of let-off system, figureFileSmall=N34p2ESw83tJcVEFgtL8Iw==, figureFileBig=WNJk4fKsXxcwOcI4dK0HRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944430826401976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=图2, caption=送经系统结构示意图, figureFileSmall=N34p2ESw83tJcVEFgtL8Iw==, figureFileBig=WNJk4fKsXxcwOcI4dK0HRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944430922870977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Initial restraint position of weaving weft, figureFileSmall=/qr+XCsoH2QtG2gUYRCMRQ==, figureFileBig=bcalU2uZepvELe3taDw2IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431124197590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=图3, caption=所织纬的约束起始位置, figureFileSmall=/qr+XCsoH2QtG2gUYRCMRQ==, figureFileBig=bcalU2uZepvELe3taDw2IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431258415327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Forces of weaving weft, figureFileSmall=+OaN5qYNJSsolUoRzbq9DQ==, figureFileBig=3To18Vbt+iy+7yktoCUjrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431409410276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=图4, caption=所织纬受力情况, figureFileSmall=+OaN5qYNJSsolUoRzbq9DQ==, figureFileBig=3To18Vbt+iy+7yktoCUjrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431568793843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Warp yarn deformation due to web displacement, figureFileSmall=QANfOfd7cJrOrKhhsoCLtg==, figureFileBig=cwHA9RdhCY49/xVwBZnsEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431715594499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=图5, caption=织口位移引起的经纱形变

ABC为综平位置;B1C、B2C分别为梭口前部上下层经纱长度;AB1、AB2分别为梭口后部上下层经纱长度

, figureFileSmall=QANfOfd7cJrOrKhhsoCLtg==, figureFileBig=cwHA9RdhCY49/xVwBZnsEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431874978065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Structure of filtered backstepping sliding mode controller, figureFileSmall=UAQAl1vo3BvZ7vJbK++0KQ==, figureFileBig=D6HEVVy1z4VtE8ogK/32jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944432025973017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=图6, caption=滤波反步滑模控制器结构图

x1d为张力参考值;x1为张力系统张力实际值;${\stackrel{~}{x}}_{1}$为张力误差;${\stackrel{·}{x}}_{1d}$为张力参考值一阶导数;x2d为设计虚拟控制律;xc2d为滤波器对虚拟控制律的估计值;x2为虚拟控制律实际值;${\stackrel{~}{x}}_{2}$为虚拟控制律误差;${\dot{x}}_{2d}$为滤波器对虚拟控制律一阶导数的估计值;${\stackrel{·}{\stackrel{~}{x}}}_{1}$为张力误差一阶导数;$\hat{f}$为神经网络对未知非线性函数Δf(x)的估计值

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Parameter of carbon fiber diagonal loom

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
B/(N·m·s·rad-1) 0.223
ω1/(rad·s-1) 0.5
J/(kg·m2) 0.607
v2/(m·s-1) 2.5
r/m 1
$\lambda $ 1
${\lambda }_{1}$ 5
${\lambda }_{2}$ 6
dw/mm 0.323 5
dy/mm 0.327 4
f 0.401
Tc/N 0.5
CFL/(N·mm-1) 0.017 84
CYL/(N·mm-1) 0.024 87
H/m 1
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435222032811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949465656549685, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

碳纤维角联织机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
B/(N·m·s·rad-1) 0.223
ω1/(rad·s-1) 0.5
J/(kg·m2) 0.607
v2/(m·s-1) 2.5
r/m 1
$\lambda $ 1
${\lambda }_{1}$ 5
${\lambda }_{2}$ 6
dw/mm 0.323 5
dy/mm 0.327 4
f 0.401
Tc/N 0.5
CFL/(N·mm-1) 0.017 84
CYL/(N·mm-1) 0.024 87
H/m 1
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轻工业、手工业、生活服务业考虑打纬影响的碳纤维角联织机经纱张力控制方法
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翟鑫 1 , 刘薇 1, 2, * , 刘玲玲 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·轻工业、手工业、生活服务业 2025,25(4): 1587-1594
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·轻工业、手工业、生活服务业 2025, 25(4): 1587-1594
轻工业、手工业、生活服务业考虑打纬影响的碳纤维角联织机经纱张力控制方法
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翟鑫1 , 刘薇1, 2, * , 刘玲玲1
作者信息
  • 1 天津工业大学机械工程学院, 天津 300387
  • 2 天津市现代机电装备技术重点实验室, 天津 300387
  • 翟鑫(1998—),男,汉族,山西大同人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机械系统智能控制技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*刘薇(1973—),女,汉族,天津人,博士,副教授。研究方向:机电一体化智能控制技术。E-mail:
Warp Tension Control in Carbon Fiber Diagonal Loom Considering the Effect of Beating-up
Xin ZHAI1 , Wei LIU1, 2, * , Lin-lin LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • 2 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402912
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针对碳纤维角联织机经纱张力控制中存在的张力控制精度低问题,提出一种考虑打纬影响的经纱张力控制方法。首先深入分析打纬时经纱的伸长量,再结合胡克定律与现有张力模型,建立新的送经系统张力控制模型。其次,提出一种指令滤波反步滑模控制器,通过滤波器估计虚拟控制律的一阶微分,避免“微分膨胀”问题,采用径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络对系统未建模部分进行自适应估计,同时引入滑模控制,增强系统鲁棒性。最后,使用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对张力系统进行仿真实验。结果表明:考虑打纬影响的滤波反步滑模控制在张力控制方面相比传统反步滑模控制在响应时间相近的情况下,稳定时间缩短近16.3%,超调量减小24.6%;相比模糊比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制在稳定时间上缩短近51.7%,超调量减小49.2%。
碳纤维角联织机  /  经纱张力  /  打纬  /  反步控制  /  指令滤波

Aiming at the problem of low tension control accuracy existing in the warp yarn tension control of carbon fiber corner link loom, a warp yarn tension control method considering the effect of beating-up was proposed. Firstly, the elongation of the warp yarn during beating-up was analyzed, and then a new tension control model of the warp feeding system was established by combining Hooke’s law with the existing tension model. Secondly, a command filter backstepping sliding mode controller was proposed, which estimated the first-order differentiation of the virtual control law through the filter to avoid the problem of “differential expansion”, and adopted the radial basis function(RBF) neural network to adaptively estimate the unmodeled part of the system, and at the same time, the sliding mode control was introduced to enhance the robustness of the system. Finally, MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out simulation experiments on the tension system. The results show that the filtered backstepping sliding mode control considering the effect of beating-up in tension control compared with the traditional backstepping sliding mode control in the case of similar response time, the stabilization time is shortened by nearly 16.3%, the amount of overshooting is reduced by 24.6%. Compared with the fuzzy proportional integral derivative(PID) control, the stabilization time is shortened by 51.7%, the amount of overshooting is reduced by 49.2%.

carbon fiber diagonal loom  /  warp tension  /  beating-up  /  backstepping control  /  command filtering
翟鑫, 刘薇, 刘玲玲. 轻工业、手工业、生活服务业考虑打纬影响的碳纤维角联织机经纱张力控制方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1587 -1594 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402912
Xin ZHAI, Wei LIU, Lin-lin LIU. Warp Tension Control in Carbon Fiber Diagonal Loom Considering the Effect of Beating-up[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1587 -1594 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402912
碳纤维因具有碳材料的固有本征特性,又有纺织纤维的可加工性,现在已经成为先进复合材料的主要增强纤维之一[1]。随着航空航天、国防军工等产业的发展,碳纤维将是需要迫切发展的关键战略材料[2]。碳纤维角联织机是生产碳纤维织物的大型设备,其中,经纱张力对织物的成型质量有着重大影响[3]。而开口与打纬机构对经纱张力造成周期性波动[4],为保持经纱张力稳定性、满足更高质量的织造要求,设计一种控制精度高和鲁棒性好的控制器迫在眉睫。
近年来,多种智能控制方法被应用于织机的张力控制。孙哲等[5]提出并设计了一种自适应滑模控制器用于经纱张力控制,利用滑模控制算法解决被控对象模型中的参数不确定性,具有较好的控制精度。汪林俊等[6]为解决织造工艺中纱线张力具有非线性与时变性等问题,提出一种基于过拟合优化型BP(back propagation)神经网络整定比例积分微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制,提升了经纱张力控制效果。夏鹏飞等[7]为实现CANbus网络环境下的碳纤维角联织机经纱恒张力控制,提出H网络化控制策略,可有效提升张力控制的鲁棒性。Xiao等[8]为克服传统PID控制算法在织机经纱张力控制中效果较差的问题,提出了一种改进的遗传算法优化PID控制方案,通过MATLAB进行仿真以及以910型剑杆织机为实验对象进行实验测试,测试显示改进的控制策略可大幅度提升织机张力控制精度。目前,关于织机经纱的恒张力控制,众多学者主要针对控制器进行研究与设计,对于织机动力学模型的优化鲜有涉及,对于打纬运动,仅仅将其作为干扰考虑。
在织机五大机构(开口机构、引纬机构、打纬机构、卷取机构和送经机构)中,开口机构、引纬机构、卷取机构和送经机构运动均相对“温和”,而打纬运动是加速度最大、机构响应最快的运动,且对碳纤维纱线的作用力最直接[9]
作为织机重要组成部分,打纬机构决定了织物的成型品质[10]。打纬过程中,因纬纱与经纱的摩擦作用,经纱产生形变[11]。同时,因打纬阻力的存在,钢筘推动织口向机前方向移动,引起经纱形变[12]。基于上述分析,利用柔韧体欧拉公式与胡克定律,给出打纬过程中经纱张力的变化规律,再结合现有送经系统动力学模型,建立新的动力学模型。同时,针对张力系统控制模型为链式结构这一特点,使用滤波反步滑模控制设计控制律,并采用5层径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络逼近系统未建模动态,最后通过MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对上述内容进行仿真验证,以达到提升张力控制精度、减小张力波动的目的。所设计的控制器能够保持张力平稳,可有效提升织物成型质量。
碳纤维角联织机工作原理如图1所示。经纱自送经轴逐层退绕,再经过张力补偿装置,穿过综眼,并在开口系统的带动下形成梭口,引纬器将纬纱引至梭口,打纬机构打紧纬纱,与经纱在织口处完成交织,结成织物,最后由卷取系统引出。
以送经轴为研究对象,其系统结构如图2所示。对其受力进行分析,根据力矩平衡原理得出送经轴的力矩方程为
$M-B{\omega }_{1}+Tr=J\frac{d{\omega }_{1}}{dt}$
式(1)中:M为送经轴电机转矩;B为送经轴黏性摩擦系数;${\omega }_{1}$为送经轴角速度;T为经纱张力;r为经纱半径;J为送经轴等效转动惯量;t为时间。
由式(2)得退绕过程中,经纱半径r(t)与送经轴等效转动惯量J(t)。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}r\left(t\right)={r}_{m}-\frac{\varphi \left(t\right)}{2\pi }\delta \\ J\left(t\right)={J}_{0}+{J}_{1}={J}_{1}+\frac{1}{2}\pi \rho b(r-{r}_{0}^{4})\end{array}\right.$
式(2)中:rm为经纱满轴时半径;$\varphi \left(t\right)$为送经轴角位移;$\delta $为一层经纱厚度;J0为经纱卷转动惯量;J1为送经轴轴芯转动惯量;$\rho $为经纱质量密度;b为经纱退绕宽度;r0为送经轴轴芯半径。
随着织造的进行,开口机构的周期性动作造成经纱长度sk的变化,变化规律根据文献[13]可表示为
${s}_{k}=\lambda si{n}^{2}\omega t$
式(3)中:ω为主轴角速度。
经纱在开口机构的带动下形成梭口后,引纬器将纬纱引入梭口,梭口随着钢筘的推动以及梭口上下层经纱的相向运动逐渐收窄,直到上下层经纱及钢筘将纬纱夹持住,如图3所示,分析这一时刻的纬纱位置
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_{1}=arcsin\left(\frac{{d}_{w}+{d}_{y}}{l}\right)\\ {\alpha }_{0}={\alpha }_{1}\end{array}\right.$
式(4)中:dw、dy分别为纬纱与经纱直径;${\alpha }_{0}、{\alpha }_{1}$分别为所织纬前、后侧经纱角;l为在约束起始位置当前所织纬与前一纬间距。
织造时,打纬动作为速度很快的往复运动,故间距l的变化可近似为简谐运动,可表示为
$l={\lambda }_{1}sin\left(\omega t\right)+{\lambda }_{2}$
式(5)中:${\lambda }_{1}$为所织纬约束起始位置与纬纱中间位置的间距;${\lambda }_{2}$为上一纬与纬纱中间位置的间距;${\lambda }_{1}+{\lambda }_{2}$为纬纱约束初始位置与上一纬间距,${\lambda }_{2}-{\lambda }_{1}$为纬纱打紧位置与上一纬间距。
${\alpha }_{1}$及其一阶导数${\stackrel{·}{\alpha }}_{1}$可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_{1}=arcsin\left(\frac{{d}_{w}+{d}_{y}}{l}\right)\\ {\stackrel{·}{\alpha }}_{1}=\frac{-({d}_{w}+{d}_{y}){\lambda }_{1}\omega cos\omega t}{{l}^{2}\sqrt{1+{\left(\frac{{d}_{w}+{d}_{y}}{l}\right)}^{2}}}\end{array}\right.$
随着织造的进行,钢筘向前心位置运动,将纬纱从约束开始位置推动至打紧位置,所织纬受力情况如图4所示,根据柔韧体欧拉公式,经纱张力满足:
${T}_{1}={T}_{0}{e}^{-f({\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1})}$
式(7)中:f为经纬纱间的摩擦因数;T0、T1分别为所织纬后侧、前侧经纱张力。
由文献[14]可知,所织纬前、后侧受力形变方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{T}_{c}-{T}_{1}cos{\alpha }_{1}={s}_{w}{C}_{FL}\\ {T}_{0}cos{\alpha }_{0}-{T}_{c}={s}_{w}{C}_{YL}\end{array}\right.$
式(8)中:CFLCYL分别为织物和经纱在各自工作长度上的刚度系数;sw为打纬过程中纬纱对经纱的摩擦作用引起经纱形变量;Tc为经纱的上机张力。
联立式(4)~式(6)得打纬过程中纬纱移动引起的经纱伸长量sw及其一阶导数${\stackrel{·}{s}}_{w}。$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{s}_{w}=\frac{cos{\alpha }_{0}-{e}^{-f\alpha }cos{\alpha }_{1}}{{C}_{FL}cos{\alpha }_{0}+{C}_{YL}{e}^{-f\alpha }cos{\alpha }_{1}}{T}_{c}\\ {\stackrel{·}{s}}_{w}=\frac{{e}^{-f\alpha }{\stackrel{·}{\alpha }}_{1}cos{\alpha }_{0}(fcos{\alpha }_{1}+sin{\alpha }_{1})c}{({C}_{FL}cos{\alpha }_{0}+{C}_{YL}{e}^{-f\alpha }cos{\alpha }_{1}{)}^{2}}{T}_{c}\end{array}\right.$
式(9)中:$\alpha ={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1};c={C}_{FL}+{C}_{YL}。$
打纬过程中,钢筘将织口向机前方向推动,织口移动造成梭口前部经纱变形,此时,梭口前部经纱变形可按图5进行计算。
由几何关系得
$A\text{'}{B}_{1}=A\text{'}{B}_{2}=\sqrt{({l}_{1}{+s)}^{2}+{ℎ}^{2}}$
式(10)中:$A\text{'}{B}_{1}、A\text{'}{B}_{2}$分别为织口移动末位置上下层经纱长度;ℎ为开口时综框位移;s为打纬时织口移动量。
织口移动量可表示为
$s={\lambda }_{1}sin\left(\omega t\right)+{\lambda }_{2}$
ℎ可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}ℎ=0.5\left.H\right|sin\omega t|,& \omega t90°,\omega t270°\\ ℎ=0.5H,& 90°\le \omega t\le 270°\end{array}\right.$
式(12)中:H为最大开口量。
故打纬过程中织口移动引起的经纱形变量及其导数可分别表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{s}_{z}=2\sqrt{({l}_{1}{+s)}^{2}+{ℎ}^{2}}-2\sqrt{{{l}_{1}}^{2}+{ℎ}^{2}}\\ {\stackrel{·}{s}}_{z}=\frac{4({l}_{1}+s){\lambda }_{1}\omega cos\omega t+2{H}^{2}sin2\omega t}{\left[\right({l}_{1}{+s)}^{2}+{ℎ}^{2}{]}^{\frac{1}{2}}}-\\   \frac{2{H}^{2}sin2\omega t}{({l}_{1}^{2}+{ℎ}^{2}{)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\end{array}\right.$
送经轴与卷曲轴的速度差造成的经纱形变sv可表示为
${s}_{v}={\int }_{{t}_{0}}^{t}({v}_{2}-{v}_{1})dt$
式(14)中:v1为纱线退绕线速度;v2为纱线卷曲线速度;t0为织造开始时间。
织机织造过程中,根据胡克定律,经纱张力可表示为
$T={K}_{f}({s}_{v}+{s}_{w}+{s}_{z}+{s}_{k})$
式(15)中:Kf为纱线张力系数;sw为纬纱移动造成的经纱形变量;sz为织口移动造成经纱形变量。
综合以上内容,构建考虑打纬影响的碳纤维角联织机张力系统模型。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{x}}_{1}=-{K}_{f}r{x}_{2}+f\\ {\stackrel{·}{x}}_{2}=f({x}_{1},{x}_{2})+\Delta f\left(x\right)+bu+d\left(t\right)\\ y={x}_{1}\end{array}\right.$
式(16)中:x1、x2分别为送经轴角速度与经纱张力,${x}_{1}={\omega }_{1};{x}_{2}=T;y$为输出;u为控制器输入;Δf(x)为未知非线性函数,且
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}f={K}_{f}{v}_{2}+{K}_{f}\lambda \omega sin\left(2\omega t\right)+{K}_{f}({\stackrel{·}{s}}_{z}+{\stackrel{·}{s}}_{w})\\ f({x}_{1},{x}_{2})=-\frac{B}{J}{x}_{2}+\frac{r}{J}{x}_{1}\\ b=\frac{1}{J}\end{array}\right.$
式(17)中:J为送经轴等效转动惯量;r为经纱半径。
碳纤维织机张力系统为一链式系统且存在建模不确定性以及摩擦带来的干扰问题,故采用指令滤波反步滑模控制器,通过滑模控制算法提升张力控制的稳定性以及RBF神经网络逼近系统未知非线性函数完成张力恒定控制。滤波反步滑模控制器结构如图6所示。
定义张力跟踪误差为
e1=x1-x1d
e2=x2-x2d
式中:x1d为张力参考值;x2d为虚拟控制输入。
在每一步的设计过程中,通过指令滤波器逼近虚拟控制律及其一阶导数,以解决“微分膨胀”问题。
滤波器设计为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{\varphi }}_{1}={\chi }_{1}\\ {\chi }_{1}=-{r}_{1}{\left|{\varphi }_{1}-{u}_{r}\right|}^{\frac{1}{2}}sign({\varphi }_{1}-{u}_{r})+{\varphi }_{2}\\ {\stackrel{·}{\varphi }}_{2}=-{r}_{2}sign({\varphi }_{2}-{\chi }_{1})\end{array}\right.$
式(20)中:ur为输入信号;${\varphi }_{1}={u}_{r0}$为输入信号估计值;${\varphi }_{2}$为中间变量,无实际意义;${\chi }_{1}={\stackrel{·}{u}}_{r0}$为输入信号的一阶导数估计值;r1、r2为待设计的正常数。
设计滤波器误差补偿信号$\epsilon $,可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{\epsilon }}_{1}=-{\mu }_{1}{\epsilon }_{1}-{K}_{f}r({u}_{r0}-{u}_{r})\\ {\epsilon }_{1}\left(0\right)=0\end{array}\right.$
式(21)中:${\mu }_{1}$为待设计的正常数。
定义补偿误差变量为
${z}_{1}={e}_{1}-\epsilon $
对补偿误差变量求导得
${\stackrel{·}{z}}_{1}={\stackrel{·}{e}}_{1}-\stackrel{·}{\epsilon }$
定义李雅普诺夫函数为
${V}_{1}=\frac{1}{2}{z}_{1}^{2}$
定义
${x}_{2d}=\frac{1}{{K}_{f}r}(-{\stackrel{·}{x}}_{1d}+{c}_{1}{e}_{1}+f)$
式(25)中:c1为正的常数;${\stackrel{·}{x}}_{1d}$为张力参考值一阶导数。
则虚拟控制律跟踪误差e2可表示为
${e}_{2}=\frac{1}{{K}_{f}r}(-{\stackrel{·}{x}}_{1d}+{c}_{1}{e}_{1}+f)-{x}_{2}$
则有
${\stackrel{·}{e}}_{1}=-{K}_{f}r{e}_{2}-{c}_{1}{e}_{1}$
$\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{V}}_{1}={z}_{1}[-{K}_{f}r{x}_{2}+{K}_{f}{v}_{2}+{K}_{f}\lambda \omega sin\left(2\right.\omega t)+\\ f-{x}_{1d}+{c}_{1}{e}_{1}+{c}_{1}{\epsilon }_{1}+{K}_{f}r({u}_{r0}-{u}_{r})]\\ =-{c}_{1}{{z}_{1}}^{2}-{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}\end{array}$
定义滑模切换面为
s=k1e1+e2
式(29)中:k10为待设计参数。
将式(27)代入式(29)有
$s={k}_{1}{e}_{1}+{e}_{2}=-\left[({c}_{1}-{k}_{1}){e}_{1}+\frac{1}{{K}_{f}r}{\stackrel{·}{e}}_{1}\right]$
式(30)中:c1为待设计参数,且c1k10。
再次定义李雅普诺夫函数为
${V}_{2}={V}_{1}+\frac{1}{2}{s}^{2}$
$\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{V}}_{2}={\stackrel{·}{V}}_{1}+s\stackrel{·}{s}\\ =-{c}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}-{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}+\\ s\left[{k}_{1}\right(-{K}_{f}r{e}_{2}-{K}_{f}r{k}_{1}{e}_{1})+\frac{B}{J}{x}_{1}+\frac{r}{J}{x}_{2}+\\ \Delta f\left(x\right)+bu+d\left(t\right)+\frac{1}{{K}_{f}}({\ddot{x}}_{1d}-{c}_{1}{\stackrel{·}{e}}_{1}-\\ {K}_{f}\lambda 2{\omega }^{2}cos\left(2\right.\omega t)-\stackrel{·}{f})]\end{array}$
式(32)中:z1为误差补偿变量;$\Delta f\left(x\right)$为未知非线性函数;d(t)为干扰项。
设计控制器输入为
$\begin{array}{l}u=\frac{1}{b}\{-{k}_{1}(-{K}_{f}r{c}_{1}{e}_{1}-{K}_{f}r{e}_{2})-\frac{B}{J}{x}_{1}-\frac{r}{J}{x}_{2}-\\ \Delta f\left(x\right)-\frac{1}{{K}_{f}}[{\ddot{x}}_{1d}-{c}_{1}{\stackrel{·}{e}}_{1}-{K}_{f}\lambda 2{\omega }^{2}cos\left(2\right.\omega t)-\stackrel{·}{f}]-\\ Dsgn\left(s\right)-ℎ[s+\beta sgn(s\left)\right]\}\end{array}$
式(33)中:D为扰动d(t)的上界;$ℎ、\beta $为正的常数;$\left|d\left(t\right)\right|\le D。$
将式(33)代入${\stackrel{·}{V}}_{2}$的表达式有
$\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{V}}_{2}=-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-ℎ{s}^{2}-\left|s\right|(ℎ\beta -D)+d\left(t\right)\\ \le -{k}_{1}{{z}_{1}}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-ℎ{s}^{2}-ℎ\beta \left|s\right|\end{array}$
定义$0\tau 1$,式(33)中$-{k}_{1}{{z}_{1}}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}$项满足式(35)不等式关系。
$\begin{array}{l}-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}-{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}\le -{k}_{1}(1-\tau){{z}_{1}}^{2}-{k}_{1}\tau {\left|{z}_{1}\right|}^{2}+\\ {K}_{f}r\left|{z}_{1}\right|\left|{e}_{2}\right|\end{array}$
若使${K}_{f}r\left|{z}_{1}\right|\left|{e}_{2}\right|-{k}_{1}\tau {\left|{z}_{1}\right|}^{2}\le 0$,即$\frac{{K}_{f}r\left|{e}_{2}\right|}{{k}_{1}\tau }\le \left|{z}_{1}\right|,$则有
$-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}-{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}\le -{k}_{1}(1-\tau){z}_{1}^{2}$
采用RBF神经网络逼近未知非线性函数$\Delta f\left(x\right)$,RBF网络算法可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{ℎ}_{j}=exp\left(\frac{‖x-{c}_{j}{\Vert }^{2}}{2{b}_{j}^{2}}\right)\\ \Delta f\left(x\right)={W}^{\ast T}ℎ\left(x\right)+\epsilon \end{array}\right.$
式(37)中:$x={\left[\begin{array}{ll}e& \stackrel{·}{e}\end{array}\right]}^{T}$为网络的输入;cj为隐含层节点中心向量;bj为高斯基函数的宽度;j为网络隐含层第j个节点,j=1,2,3,4,5;ℎ=[ℎj]T为高斯函数的输出;${W}^{\ast }$为网络的理想权值;$\epsilon $为网络的逼近误差。
网络输出可表示为
$\Delta \hat{f}\left(x\right)={\hat{W}}^{T}ℎ\left(x\right)$
式(38)中:$\hat{W}$为神经网络实际权值。
则控制输入式(33)可表示为
$\begin{array}{l}u=\frac{1}{b}\{-{k}_{1}(-{K}_{f}r{c}_{1}{e}_{1}-{K}_{f}r{e}_{2})-\frac{B}{J}{x}_{1}-\frac{r}{J}{x}_{2}-\\ \Delta \hat{f}\left(x\right)-\frac{1}{{K}_{f}}[{\ddot{x}}_{1d}-{c}_{1}{\stackrel{·}{e}}_{1}-{K}_{f}\lambda 2{\omega }^{2}cos\left(2\right.\omega t)-\\ \stackrel{·}{f}]-Dsgn(s)-ℎ[s+\beta sgn\left(s\right)\left]\right\}\end{array}$
将式(39)代入式(34),有
$\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{V}}_{2}=-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}+s[-\Delta f(x)+\Delta \hat{f}(x\left)\right]-\\ ℎ{s}^{2}-ℎ\beta \left|s\right|+d\left(t\right)-D\left|s\right|\\ =-{k}_{1}{{z}_{1}}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-s\Delta \stackrel{~}{f}\left(x\right)-ℎ{s}^{2}-\\ ℎ\beta \left|s\right|+d\left(t\right)-D\left|s\right|\end{array}$
式(40)中:
$\begin{array}{l}\Delta \stackrel{~}{f}\left(x\right)=\Delta f\left(x\right)-\Delta \hat{f}\left(x\right)\\ ={W}^{\ast T}ℎ\left(x\right)+\epsilon -{\hat{W}}^{T}ℎ\left(x\right)\\ ={\stackrel{~}{W}}^{T}ℎ\left(x\right)+\epsilon \end{array}$
定义
$\stackrel{~}{W}={W}^{\ast }-\hat{W}$
再次定义李雅普诺夫函数
${V}_{3}={V}_{2}+\frac{1}{2}\gamma {\stackrel{~}{W}}^{T}\stackrel{~}{W}$
对式(43)求导
$\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{V}}_{3}={\stackrel{·}{V}}_{2}+\gamma {\stackrel{~}{W}}^{T}\stackrel{·}{\stackrel{~}{W}}\\ =-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-s{\stackrel{~}{W}}^{T}ℎ\left(x\right)-s\epsilon +\\ \gamma {\stackrel{~}{W}}^{T}\stackrel{·}{\stackrel{~}{W}}-ℎ{s}^{2}-ℎ\beta \left|s\right|+d\left(t\right)-D\left|s\right|\\ =-{\stackrel{~}{W}}^{T}\left[sℎ\right(x)+\gamma \stackrel{·}{\hat{W}}]-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-\\ ℎ{s}^{2}-ℎ\beta \left|s\right|+d\left(t\right)-D\left|s\right|-s\epsilon \end{array}$
设计自适应律,可表示为
$\stackrel{·}{\hat{W}}=-\frac{1}{\gamma }sℎ\left(x\right)$
式(45)中:$\gamma $为待设计的正常数。
将式(45)代入式(44),并结合式(34)与式(36)的分析可得
$\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{V}}_{3}=-{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-ℎ{s}^{2}-\left|s\right|(ℎ\beta -D)+d\left(t\right)\\ \le -{k}_{1}{z}_{1}^{2}+{K}_{f}r{z}_{1}{e}_{2}-ℎ{s}^{2}-ℎ\beta \left|s\right|\\ \le 0\end{array}$
根据Lasalle不变集原理,闭环系统渐进稳定,即$t \longrightarrow \square$,$\dot{V}_{3} \longrightarrow 0$,继而${e}_{2}\to 0,{z}_{1}\to 0,{x}_{1}\to {x}_{1d}。$
通过MATLAB/Simulink建立新的张力控制模型,并验证上述经纱张力控制器的控制有效性,碳纤维角联织机参数如表1所示。
为验证所设计的考虑打纬影响的滤波反步滑模控制器的性能,将其与常规反步滑模控制器以及同样考虑打纬影响的模糊PID控制器做对比。
设置$x={\left[\begin{array}{ll}0.5& 0\end{array}\right]}^{T}$为碳纤维角联织机张力系统状态初值,参考值设为10 N时,张力跟踪响应与角速度响应曲线如图7图8所示。
所设计控制器的参数为:${c}_{1}=4.89,{k}_{1}=4.212,\beta =1,{r}_{1}=12.5,{r}_{2}=14,c=0.791\times \left[\begin{array}{lllll}-2& -1& 0& 1& 2\\ -2& -1& 0& 1& 2\end{array}\right],b=3.311,\gamma =0.75,ℎ=0.86。$
图7图8可以看出,在常规反步滑模控制下,经纱张力在0.43 s趋于稳定,张力超调量为3%,张力达到稳定前,送经轴角速度存在明显波动;在模糊PID控制下,经纱张力在0.58 s趋于稳定,张力超调量为6.7%,张力达到稳定前,送经轴角速度存在较大波动,在实际生产中,张力与送经轴角速度的波动易加大断经概率,降低织造效率与织物成型质量;在考虑打纬影响的滤波反步滑模控制下,张力稳定时间为0.38 s,且张力没有出现超调,相比传统反步滑模控制在稳定时间上缩短近16.3%,相比模糊PID控制在稳定时间上缩短近51.7%,满足生产要求,且提升了张力控制性能。
以方波信号和正弦信号为参考信号,得到本文控制器、常规反步滑模控制器与模糊PID控制器的张力响应曲线,如图9图10所示。
图9图10可以看出,当目标张力发生连续变化或突然变化时,本文控制器仍然较传统反步滑模控制与模糊PID控制器响应时间快,跟踪精度高。
指令滤波器输入与输出信号如图11所示,在0.36 s滤波器对虚拟控制律及其一阶导数的估计达到稳定,可有效避免控制器设计过程中复杂的微分计算。
RBF神经网络权值更新曲线如图12所示,结合图7图8可知,随着张力不断趋近设定值,送经角速度趋于稳定,神经网络权值也逐渐趋于稳定。
基于传统送经系统,结合打纬过程中经纱长度变化对经纱张力的影响规律,建立新的张力系统数学模型。同时创新使用五层径向基神经网络估计张力系统未建模动态,采用滤波反步滑模控制设计控制律,引入指令滤波器估计虚拟控制律的一阶导数,并通过Lyapunov函数验证了系统的渐进稳定性。结合仿真实验分析可得以下结论。
(1)考虑打纬影响的滤波反步滑模控制较传统反步滑模控制相比,系统稳定时间更短,超调量更小,前者可有效提升碳纤维织机张力系统的控制性能。
(2)同样建立考虑打纬影响的张力数学模型,所提的滤波反步滑模控制与模糊PID控制相比,控制精度更高,鲁棒性更好。
综上,考虑打纬影响的滤波反步滑模张力控制性能好,可有效减小打纬时经纱张力的波动,以降低断经概率,提高织造效率以及提升织物成型质量。
  • 天津市自然科学基金(17JCYBJC19400)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402912
  • 接收时间:2024-04-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-21
  • 修回日期:2024-11-27
基金
天津市自然科学基金(17JCYBJC19400)
作者信息
    1 天津工业大学机械工程学院, 天津 300387
    2 天津市现代机电装备技术重点实验室, 天津 300387

通讯作者:

*刘薇(1973—),女,汉族,天津人,博士,副教授。研究方向:机电一体化智能控制技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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