Article(id=1156949464545059079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309711, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701964800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-08, revisedDate=1731600000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767847428, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767847428, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767847428, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767847428, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1723, endPage=1731, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949465115484447, articleId=1156949464545059079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Allocation Strategy for Aircraft Parking Stands Based on Game Theory Combinatorial Weighting and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje Algorithm, columnId=1156262731079607234, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Aeronautics and Astronautics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to cope with the rapid recovery and growth of air passenger flow and the uncertainty of passenger group structure and consumption behavior, and to give full play to the role of aircraft parking stands resources in improving non-aeronautical revenue, an optimal allocation model for aircraft parking stands based on the maximization of flight route commercial value was established. Firstly, the game theory combinatorial weighting method was used to correct the influence of subjective factors on the evaluation results. Then, the commercial value of aircraft parking stands and flight routes was quantitatively ranked by the VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje(VIKOR) algorithm, which could eliminate the mutual influence of multiple indicators. Finally, a trunk airport in northern China was used as an example to verify the feasibility of the method. The results show that three evaluation indicators of commercial value of flight routes are significantly correlated with the per customer transaction at boarding gate and commercial concentration zone, including departure time, dwell time and daily average passenger volume. By reasonably matching flight routes and parking stands based on commercial value, the commercial value of boarding gate and commercial concentration zone can be increased by 9.4% and 6.2% respectively. Therefore, introducing the commercial value of flight routes into the traditional aircraft parking stands allocation model has important practical application value for increasing airports non-aeronautical revenue.

, correspAuthors=Rong-yu MIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming-jie LI, Rong-yu MIAO, Tao WANG, Yi-fan HE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949537924408236, articleId=1156949464545059079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于博弈论组合赋权和多准则妥协解排序算法的机位分配策略, columnId=1156262731373208516, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·航空、航天, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为应对航空客流的迅速恢复和快速增长以及旅客群体结构和消费行为的不确定性,充分发挥机位资源对非航空性收入的促进作用,建立基于航线商业价值最大化的机位优化分配模型。首先,运用博弈论组合赋权法修正主观因素对评价结果的影响。然后,通过多准则妥协解排序算法多准则妥协解排序算法(VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje, VIKOR)对机位与航线商业价值进行量化排序,消除多指标间的相互影响。最后,以华北地区某干线机场为实例验证方法的可行性。结果表明:在航线商业价值评价指标中,与登机口客单价和商业集中区客单价呈现显著相关的有起飞时刻、停留时间和日均承运人数;根据商业价值对机位与航线进行合理匹配,可以将登机口和商业集中区的商业价值分别提高9.4%和6.2%。因此,在传统的机位分配模型中引入航线商业价值,对于提升机场非航收入具有重要的实际应用价值。, correspAuthors=苗容瑜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*苗容瑜(1999—),女,汉族,山西晋城人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机场运行管理。E-mail:
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李明捷(1981—),女,汉族,新疆奎屯人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:机场规划与设计、机场运行管理。E-mail:

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李明捷(1981—),女,汉族,新疆奎屯人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:机场规划与设计、机场运行管理。E-mail:

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李明捷(1981—),女,汉族,新疆奎屯人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:机场规划与设计、机场运行管理。E-mail:

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different allocation modes, figureFileSmall=7aq4qI/6B7F6O4MzvDODJw==, figureFileBig=HFI+2SDCq3fIyS3vLsqWdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425482863286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同机位分配模式下的机位商业价值, figureFileSmall=7aq4qI/6B7F6O4MzvDODJw==, figureFileBig=HFI+2SDCq3fIyS3vLsqWdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425667412684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Flight schedule

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航线 进港时间 离港时间 航线 进港时间 离港时间
R1 17:39 19:26 R15 19:20 21:01
R2 17:54 19:55 R16 19:35 20:45
R3 17:59 19:16 R17 19:35 20:51
R4 18:24 19:26 R18 19:40 20:50
R5 17:49 19:52 R19 19:55 21:36
R6 18:20 20:01 R20 19:20 20:35
R7 18:37 19:59 R21 19:25 20:40
R8 18:32 20:04 R22 17:14 18:30
R9 18:26 20:05 R23 17:17 18:36
R10 18:40 21:51 R24 17:42 18:46
R11 18:46 20:09 R25 17:45 18:40
R12 18:49 19:56 R26 17:57 19:05
R13 19:13 20:25 R27 18:03 19:11
R14 19:20 20:56 R28 18:52 20:01
), ArticleFig(id=1225944425776464603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

航班时刻

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
航线 进港时间 离港时间 航线 进港时间 离港时间
R1 17:39 19:26 R15 19:20 21:01
R2 17:54 19:55 R16 19:35 20:45
R3 17:59 19:16 R17 19:35 20:51
R4 18:24 19:26 R18 19:40 20:50
R5 17:49 19:52 R19 19:55 21:36
R6 18:20 20:01 R20 19:20 20:35
R7 18:37 19:59 R21 19:25 20:40
R8 18:32 20:04 R22 17:14 18:30
R9 18:26 20:05 R23 17:17 18:36
R10 18:40 21:51 R24 17:42 18:46
R11 18:46 20:09 R25 17:45 18:40
R12 18:49 19:56 R26 17:57 19:05
R13 19:13 20:25 R27 18:03 19:11
R14 19:20 20:56 R28 18:52 20:01
), ArticleFig(id=1225944425881322223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indicators weights under different methods

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指标 W1 W2 W*
一级
指标
二级
指标
一级
指标
二级
指标
一级
指标
二级
指标
A11 0.154 0.231 0.206
A1 A12 0.396 0.140 0.443 0.089 0.426 0.104
A13 0.102 0.176 0.157
A21 0.217 0.158 0.167
A2 A22 0.604 0.151 0.557 0.108 0.574 0.134
A23 0.107 0.134 0.119
A24 0.128 0.104 0.113
B11 0.086 0.053 0.070
B1 B12 0.347 0.086 0.288 0.138 0.311 0.110
B13 0.092 0.045 0.069
B14 0.082 0.052 0.068
B21 0.236 0.127 0.183
B2 B22 0.436 0.091 0.422 0.133 0.430 0.115
B23 0.110 0.161 0.132
B3 B31 0.217 0.128 0.290 0.166 0.259 0.146
B32 0.089 0.124 0.106
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426091037427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同方法下的指标权重值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 W1 W2 W*
一级
指标
二级
指标
一级
指标
二级
指标
一级
指标
二级
指标
A11 0.154 0.231 0.206
A1 A12 0.396 0.140 0.443 0.089 0.426 0.104
A13 0.102 0.176 0.157
A21 0.217 0.158 0.167
A2 A22 0.604 0.151 0.557 0.108 0.574 0.134
A23 0.107 0.134 0.119
A24 0.128 0.104 0.113
B11 0.086 0.053 0.070
B1 B12 0.347 0.086 0.288 0.138 0.311 0.110
B13 0.092 0.045 0.069
B14 0.082 0.052 0.068
B21 0.236 0.127 0.183
B2 B22 0.436 0.091 0.422 0.133 0.430 0.115
B23 0.110 0.161 0.132
B3 B31 0.217 0.128 0.290 0.166 0.259 0.146
B32 0.089 0.124 0.106
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426275586825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Conflict and variation degree and coefficient of variation in indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 sj ρjj' dj 指标 sj ρjj' dj
A11 0.354 4.204 0.237 B12 0.273 5.019 0.126
A12 0.238 5.703 0.043 B13 0.264 5.597 0.041
A13 0.258 3.829 0.119 B14 0.252 5.221 0.048
A21 0.455 4.824 0.113 B21 0.476 7.932 0.116
A22 0.263 5.164 0.055 B22 0.21 6.924 0.122
A23 0.309 3.356 0.089 B23 0.244 7.18 0.147
A24 0.28 4.432 0.06 B31 0.304 6.721 0.152
B11 0.238 5.778 0.048 B32 0.25 5.712 0.114
), ArticleFig(id=1225944426397221654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464545059079, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

指标的冲突和变异程度以及差异系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 sj ρjj' dj 指标 sj ρjj' dj
A11 0.354 4.204 0.237 B12 0.273 5.019 0.126
A12 0.238 5.703 0.043 B13 0.264 5.597 0.041
A13 0.258 3.829 0.119 B14 0.252 5.221 0.048
A21 0.455 4.824 0.113 B21 0.476 7.932 0.116
A22 0.263 5.164 0.055 B22 0.21 6.924 0.122
A23 0.309 3.356 0.089 B23 0.244 7.18 0.147
A24 0.28 4.432 0.06 B31 0.304 6.721 0.152
B11 0.238 5.778 0.048 B32 0.25 5.712 0.114
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基于博弈论组合赋权和多准则妥协解排序算法的机位分配策略
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李明捷 1 , 苗容瑜 1, * , 王涛 2 , 何奕帆 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025,25(4): 1723-1731
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025, 25(4): 1723-1731
基于博弈论组合赋权和多准则妥协解排序算法的机位分配策略
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李明捷1 , 苗容瑜1, * , 王涛2, 何奕帆1
作者信息
  • 1 中国民用航空飞行学院机场学院, 广汉 618307
  • 2 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 北京 100044
  • 李明捷(1981—),女,汉族,新疆奎屯人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:机场规划与设计、机场运行管理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*苗容瑜(1999—),女,汉族,山西晋城人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机场运行管理。E-mail:
Allocation Strategy for Aircraft Parking Stands Based on Game Theory Combinatorial Weighting and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje Algorithm
Ming-jie LI1 , Rong-yu MIAO1, * , Tao WANG2, Yi-fan HE1
Affiliations
  • 1 Airport College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
  • 2 Traffic and Transportation College, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309711
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为应对航空客流的迅速恢复和快速增长以及旅客群体结构和消费行为的不确定性,充分发挥机位资源对非航空性收入的促进作用,建立基于航线商业价值最大化的机位优化分配模型。首先,运用博弈论组合赋权法修正主观因素对评价结果的影响。然后,通过多准则妥协解排序算法多准则妥协解排序算法(VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje, VIKOR)对机位与航线商业价值进行量化排序,消除多指标间的相互影响。最后,以华北地区某干线机场为实例验证方法的可行性。结果表明:在航线商业价值评价指标中,与登机口客单价和商业集中区客单价呈现显著相关的有起飞时刻、停留时间和日均承运人数;根据商业价值对机位与航线进行合理匹配,可以将登机口和商业集中区的商业价值分别提高9.4%和6.2%。因此,在传统的机位分配模型中引入航线商业价值,对于提升机场非航收入具有重要的实际应用价值。
机位与航线商业价值  /  机位分配  /  重要性通过准则间关系确定法  /  熵权法  /  多准则妥协解排序算法(VIKOR)

In order to cope with the rapid recovery and growth of air passenger flow and the uncertainty of passenger group structure and consumption behavior, and to give full play to the role of aircraft parking stands resources in improving non-aeronautical revenue, an optimal allocation model for aircraft parking stands based on the maximization of flight route commercial value was established. Firstly, the game theory combinatorial weighting method was used to correct the influence of subjective factors on the evaluation results. Then, the commercial value of aircraft parking stands and flight routes was quantitatively ranked by the VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje(VIKOR) algorithm, which could eliminate the mutual influence of multiple indicators. Finally, a trunk airport in northern China was used as an example to verify the feasibility of the method. The results show that three evaluation indicators of commercial value of flight routes are significantly correlated with the per customer transaction at boarding gate and commercial concentration zone, including departure time, dwell time and daily average passenger volume. By reasonably matching flight routes and parking stands based on commercial value, the commercial value of boarding gate and commercial concentration zone can be increased by 9.4% and 6.2% respectively. Therefore, introducing the commercial value of flight routes into the traditional aircraft parking stands allocation model has important practical application value for increasing airports non-aeronautical revenue.

commercial value of aircraft parking stands and flight routes  /  aircraft parking stands all-ocation  /  criteria importance through intercriteria correlation  /  entropy weight method  /  VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje(VIKOR)
李明捷, 苗容瑜, 王涛, 何奕帆. 基于博弈论组合赋权和多准则妥协解排序算法的机位分配策略. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1723 -1731 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309711
Ming-jie LI, Rong-yu MIAO, Tao WANG, Yi-fan HE. Allocation Strategy for Aircraft Parking Stands Based on Game Theory Combinatorial Weighting and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje Algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1723 -1731 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309711
随着航空市场竞争的加剧,机场商业价值对于非航空性收入的依赖程度逐渐升高。2019年,中国非航空性收入最高的机场为广州白云国际机场,非航收入占比57%,与高达78%的美国丹佛国际机场存在较大差距。非航收入作为大型民用运输机场收入的主要来源之一,与旅客在航站楼内的消费行为密切相关,其业务类型相较于航空性收入更加多元化,具有更大的盈利空间。由于不同类型的旅客消费偏好存在较大差异,且机位分配方案会在较大程度上影响旅客在航站楼内的消费行为[1]。因此,优化机位资源的分配方案不仅可以提升机场的运行效率,在一定程度上也能够提高机场的非航收入。
机位分配一直以来是航空运输领域研究的热点问题,目前中外学者大多以减少航班冲突、提高旅客服务质量及机位利用率等为目标开展相关研究。姜雨等[2]以最小化机坪冲突概率、旅客变更登机口步行距离和指派至远机位的旅客数为目标,构建了机位实时指派的多目标优化模型,提高预分配计划的稳定性。邢志伟等[3]以最小化机位空闲时间和远机位占用时间为优化目标,并对航班到达的分布特点进行分析,提高了机位利用率且降低了航班冲突率。王璐等[4]基于最小化航班总延误及旅客登机距离构建了混合整数规划模型,通过epsilon精确算法和非支配排序遗传算法进行求解。袁媛等[5]提出了基于网络流理论的机位分配多目标优化模型,使用优化器求解,减少了旅客步行距离、降低了停机位浪费率和航空公司成本。黄学林等[6]建立了基于Petri网的军民共用停机坪运行仿真与分析方法,设计冲突点选择避让机制和运行模型控制器,实现了冲突解脱控制。蒋洪迅等[7]以机位分配完成率、航班靠桥率、道口非冲突率为决策目标建立了机位分配的全局优化模型。朱承元等[8]建立了以航空器总场面运行时间最小为目标的多商品网络流模型,减少了场面调配运行时间和延误时间。Zhu等[9]提出了一种有效且鲁棒的混合多策略和机制的遗传算法,减少了旅客步行距离及登机口空闲时间,并且提高了机位利用率。Basturk等[10]根据航班信息、轨迹数据和天气数据对机器学习模型进行训练,通过随机森林和深度神经网络预测飞机预计到达时间以进行机位分配。Li等[11]基于原始概率学习的可行和不可行禁忌搜索算法,采用强化学习更新飞机分配到特定登机口的概率,降低了旅客步行距离及航班冲突率。Du等[12]通过分析登机口冲突的异质性,提出了期望冲突概率和分位数冲突持续时间两种新的鲁棒性度量方法,优化期望冲突成本和基本运营成本,提高了登机口调度的鲁棒性。Jiang等[13]构建了基于分支定界定价算法的跑道和登机口联合分配模型,有效降低了地面滑行损失,并提高了登机口的利用率。
综上所述,传统机位资源的分配主要关注时间和空间维度的优化,研究重点多聚焦于提高机场运行效率和安全运行水平,从而忽略了极具商业价值的航线对航站楼内商业发展的拉动效应,导致仅从技术角度开展的机位资源分配工作无法对机场非航收入的增加产生明显的促进作用。因此,在机位分配过程中引入商业价值因素,建立机位与航线商业价值评价指标体系,从而全面地考虑分配方案的经济效益。通过结合准则重要性通过准则间关系确定法(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation, CRITIC)、熵权法(entropy weight method, EWM)及博弈论确定指标权重,解决权重分配中的利益冲突问题,增加权重分配的科学性和合理性。运用多准则妥协解排序算法(VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje, VIKOR)对评价结果排序,考虑不同因素的影响,在多个评价准则之间找到最优的妥协解。将具有不同商业价值的机位与航线进行匹配,以提升机场非航收入为目标,重构机位分配模型,在提升机场运行效率的同时,最大化非航空性收入。
机位的商业价值可以定义为机位在促进机场非航空业务增长和增加收入方面的潜力,主要取决于旅客在航站楼内的消费行为,而消费行为会受到旅客流量、交通动线长度、旅客偏好、空间结构等因素的影响。旅客流量在一定程度上体现了消费行为发生的可能性和活动强度,会随着距离出发或到达口长度的增加而减少[14]。旅客的交通流线是根据机场的流程设定的,当旅客交通动线中的空间通过性减弱时,可能产生行为的聚集现象,并且在空间结构明确、导向标识清晰及灯光效果明朗的区域,旅客的视线可达性和知觉舒适度增强,进而对消费商品的感知更为敏感。
航线的商业价值可以定义为机场在各航线进、出港时段的商业收入。虽然中国目前航班时刻分配由政府主导,但航空公司会根据时刻价值对机票价格做出相应的调整。因此,起飞时刻可间接反映旅客对于机票价格的敏感性。将起飞时刻所在时间区域根据航班离港时间划分为空闲时间、繁忙时间和正常时间[15]3个时段,通常,繁忙时间的航班离港架次较多且票价较高。旅客选择舱位等级和票价折扣的偏好、出行次数、出行意图及所在城市的经济水平可以体现旅客的消费能力。此外,旅客在航站楼内的行为受到流程节点限制,且大多数旅客不熟悉机场环境,在航站楼内停留时间越短,其焦虑和压力情绪越大,消费时间和支出也会随之减少。
评价指标的选取需要从不同角度综合反映评价对象的主要特征,并具有一定的典型性和不可替代性,其指标值应能够确定并可量化,从而使得评价体系可以从宏观到微观,形成有机统一。在查阅中外相关文献并结合德尔菲法的基础上,综合考虑指标数据的可获得性,构建机位与航线商业价值评价指标体系如图1所示。
权重赋值的合理程度直接影响评价模型计算结果的准确性。准则重要性通过准则间关系确定法(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation, CRITIC)通过计算相关系数和比较相对重要度确定指标权重,能够量化指标之间的关联性和一致性;而熵权法(entropy weight method, EWM)则根据信息熵来获得指标权重,更强调各指标之间的差异和不确定性。两种赋权方法的结合可以充分考虑相关性和随机性等指标之间的相互影响,有效避免单一方法导致的片面性。由于评价过程中的指标选取、数据采集与处理及参数设定等方面仍具有一定程度的主观性,因此引入博弈论对权重结果进行修正并优化,提高指标权重的精准度和可信度。在对评价结果进行排序的过程中,使用多准则妥协解排序算法(VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I kompromisno resenje, VIKOR)最大化群体效用且最小化个体遗憾,有效支持评价结果的科学性和合理性,评价流程如图2所示。
CRITIC法最初是由Zeleny提出的一种多准则决策分析方法,根据评价指标之间的变异性和冲突性[16-17]来衡量指标的关联性和重要性,能够反映指标间的相对优劣程度,从而确定其客观权重,特别是在指标间存在强关联性的情况下,可以更准确地对其进行评估。具体步骤如下。
假设有n个评价对象,m个评价指标,则xij为第i个评价对象的第j个指标值,由得到如式(1)所示的决策矩阵X
$X=({x}_{ij}{)}_{n\times m}=\left(\begin{array}{llll}{x}_{11}& {x}_{12}& \dots & {x}_{1m}\\ {x}_{21}& {x}_{22}& \dots & {x}_{2m}\\ ︙& ︙& & ︙\\ {x}_{n1}& {x}_{n2}& \dots & {x}_{nm}\end{array}\right)$
由式(2)和式(3)分别标准化正、负向指标yij
(1)正向指标。
${y}_{ij}=\frac{{x}_{ij}-min\{{x}_{1j},{x}_{2j},\dots,{x}_{nj}\}}{max\{{x}_{1j},{x}_{2j},\dots,{x}_{nj}\}-min\{{x}_{1j},{x}_{2j},\dots,{x}_{nj}\}}$
(2)负向指标。
${y}_{ij}=\frac{max\{{x}_{1j},{x}_{2j},\dots,{x}_{nj}\}-{x}_{ij}}{max\{{x}_{1j},{x}_{2j},\dots,{x}_{nj}\}-min\{{x}_{1j},{x}_{2j},\dots,{x}_{nj}\}}$
式中:xnj为第n个评价对象的第j个指标值;max和min分别为取最大值和最小值的操作。
通过式(4)确定指标的变异性sj,采用指标的标准差表示同一指标对于不同评价对象的数值差异程度,即指标的对比强度。
${s}_{j}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum _{i=1}^{n}({x}_{ij}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j}{)}^{2}}, j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m$
式(4)中:n为评价对象数量;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j}$为第j个指标的平均值。
通过式(5)确定指标的冲突性ρjj',根据指标间的相关系数反映指标间冲突程度。若指标间关联程度越密切,则冲突程度越高。
$\begin{array}{l}{\rho }_{jj\text{'}}=\frac{cov({X}_{j},{X}_{j\text{'}})}{{s}_{j}{s}_{j\text{'}}}\\ =\frac{\sum _{i=1}^{n}({x}_{ij}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j}\left)\right({x}_{ij\text{'}}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j\text{'}})}{\sqrt{\sum _{i=1}^{n}({x}_{ij}-{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j}{)}^{2}}\sqrt{\sum _{i=1}^{n}({x}_{ij\text{'}}-{{\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j\text{'}}}^{2})}},\\  j,j\text{'}=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m\end{array}$
式(5)中:cov(Xj,Xj')为决策矩阵第j列和第j'列的协方差;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{j\text{'}}$为第j'个指标的平均值。
根据式(6),由标准差和相关系数得到指标的信息承载能力Cj
${C}_{j}={s}_{j}\sum _{j=1}^{m}(1-{\rho }_{jj\text{'}}), j,j\text{'}=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n$
由式(7)得到权重向量${W}_{1}=({w}_{11},{w}_{12},\dots,{w}_{1m})。$
${w}_{1j}=\frac{{C}_{j}}{\sum _{j=1}^{m}{C}_{j}}$
式(7)中:${{w}_{1}}_{j}$为权重向量W1中第j个指标权重。
EMW法是根据信息熵衡量指标重要程度的客观赋权方法,能够处理具有随机性和不确定性的决策问题。熵能够表示连续概率分布中的不确定程度[18-19],即信息熵越大,则指标值的离散度越大,该指标越重要。主要步骤如下。
假设有n个评价对象,m个评价指标,则xij为第i个评价对象的第j个指标值,得到如式(1)所示的决策矩阵X
根据式(2)和式(3)分别对正、负向指标yij进行标准化处理。
通过式(8)计算第j项指标下第i个评价对象占该指标的特征比重Pij,由式(9)可以得到各指标的信息熵ej
${P}_{ij}=\frac{{y}_{ij}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}{y}_{ij}}, j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m$
${e}_{j}=-\frac{1}{ln\left(n\right)}\sum _{i=1}^{n}{p}_{ij}ln{p}_{ij}, j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m$
根据式(10)计算各指标的差异系数dj
dj=1-ej
由式(11)得到权重向量${W}_{2}=({w}_{21},{w}_{22},\dots,{w}_{2m})。$
${w}_{2j}=\frac{{d}_{j}}{\sum _{j=1}^{m}{d}_{j}}$
式(14)中,${{w}_{2}}_{j}$为权重向量W2中第j个指标权重。
博弈论适用于研究群体多竞争者利益最大化问题,以得到一个或多个决策者在竞争中的最佳策略。为修正主观因素导致的数据偏差[20],引入博弈论对CRITIC法和EWM法确定的权重进行协调和重组,提高指标权重分配的科学性。
${W}_{1}=({w}_{11},{w}_{12},\dots,{w}_{1m})$为CRITIC法确定的权重向量,${W}_{2}=({w}_{21},{w}_{22},\dots,{w}_{2m})$为EWM法确定的权重向量,将二者作为博弈的双方,应满足W1W2与指标组合权重之间的离差之和最小,即最优组合权重可以看作是博弈双方达成平衡状态。
由式(12)对两组权重向量进行任意线性组合。
$W={\alpha }_{1}{{W}^{T}}_{1}+{\alpha }_{2}{{W}^{T}}_{2}$
式(15)中,α1α2分别为两组权重向量的线性组合系数。
由式(13)对α1α2进行优化使得WW1W2偏差最小。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}min(=W-{W}_{1}{=}_{2}+=W-{W}_{2}{=}_{2})=\\   min(={\alpha }_{1}{W}_{1}+{\alpha }_{2}{W}_{2}-{W}_{1}{=}_{2}+\\   ={\alpha }_{1}{W}_{1}+{\alpha }_{2}{W}_{2}-{W}_{2}={}_{2})\\ s.t.{\alpha }_{1}+{\alpha }_{2}=1,{\alpha }_{1},{\alpha }_{2}\ge 0\end{array}\right.$
根据矩阵的微分性质求解式(14)得到式(13)的最优一阶导数条件。
$\left(\begin{array}{ll}{W}_{1}{{W}^{T}}_{1}& {W}_{1}{{W}^{T}}_{2}\\ {W}_{2}{{W}^{T}}_{1}& {W}_{2}{{W}^{T}}_{2}\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_{1}\\ {\alpha }_{2}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{l}{W}_{1}{{W}^{T}}_{1}\\ {W}_{2}{{W}^{T}}_{2}\end{array}\right)$
通过式(15)对最优线性组合系数α1α2进行归一化,由式(16)得到最优组合权重W*
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_{1}^{\ast }=\frac{\left|{\alpha }_{1}\right|}{\left|{\alpha }_{1}\right|+\left|{\alpha }_{2}\right|}\\ {\alpha }_{2}^{\ast }=\frac{\left|{\alpha }_{2}\right|}{\left|{\alpha }_{1}\right|+\left|{\alpha }_{2}\right|}\end{array}\right.$
${W}^{\ast }={\alpha }_{1}^{\ast }{{W}^{T}}_{1}+{\alpha }_{2}^{\ast }{{W}^{T}}_{2}$
VIKOR是基于考虑主观偏好的决策方法,该方法结合灰色关联分析和技术排序偏好排序法的思想,旨在平衡个体遗憾值和群体效用值[21-22],根据各决策方案与最理想解和最劣解之间的距离对备选方案进行折衷排序。主要步骤如下。
根据式(20)和式(21)计算所有指标的正理想解b+和负理想解b-
${b}^{+}=\left\{{y}_{j}^{+}\right\}=\stackrel{n}{\underset{i=1}{max}}\left\{{y}_{ij}\right\}$
${b}^{-}=\left\{{y}_{j}^{-}\right\}=\stackrel{n}{\underset{i=1}{min}}\left\{{y}_{ij}\right\}$
式中:yij为决策矩阵标准化后的矩阵元素;${{y}_{j}}^{+}$${{y}_{j}}^{-}$分别为第j个指标的正、负理想解。
根据式(19)和式(20)计算群体效用值Si与个体遗憾值Ri
${S}_{i}=\sum _{j=1}^{m}{\omega }_{j}\left(\frac{{y}_{j}^{+}-{y}_{ij}}{{y}_{j}^{+}-{y}_{j}^{-}}\right)$
${R}_{i}=\underset{1\le j\le m}{max}\left\{{\omega }_{j}\left(\frac{{y}_{j}^{+}-{y}_{ij}}{{y}_{j}^{+}-{y}_{j}^{-}}\right)\right\}$
式中:ωj为第j个指标的权重。
根据式(21)和式(22)得到每个评价对象到最佳解决方案的距离${{D}_{j}}^{+}$和到最劣解决方案的距离${{D}_{j}}^{—}$,取所有评价对象的最小距离之和为Z1,次小的距离之和为Z2
${D}_{j}^{+}=\sqrt{\sum _{j=1}^{m}({y}_{j}^{+}-{y}_{ij}{)}^{2}}$
${D}_{j}^{-}=\sqrt{\sum _{j=1}^{m}({y}_{ij}-{y}_{j}^{-}{)}^{2}}$
通过式(23)计算折衷系数v,$v\in \left[\mathrm{0,1}\right]$,当v接近0时,表示决策者对次优解决方案的接受程度较低,更倾向于最优解决方案;当v取0.5时,表示决策者达成均衡折衷共识;当v接近1时,表示决策者对次优解决方案的接受程度较高,对最优解决方案的相对偏好较小。
$v=\frac{{Z}_{2}}{{Z}_{1}+{Z}_{2}}$
根据式(24)计算各评价对象的利益比率Qi,结合折衷系数对每个评价对象进行折衷排序。
${Q}_{i}=v\frac{{S}_{i}-\underset{i}{min}{S}_{i}}{\underset{i}{max}{S}_{i}-\underset{i}{min}{S}_{i}}+(1-v)\frac{{R}_{i}-\underset{i}{min}{R}_{i}}{\underset{i}{max}{R}_{i}-\underset{i}{min}{R}_{i}}$
离港旅客在完成安检直到登机的这段时间内,紧张情绪得到缓解,消费行为发生的可能性提高,而到港旅客由于即将去往下一个目的地,其消费的可能性较低,因此,离港航班的高峰时刻更具有研究价值。选取华北某干线机场18个近机位和高峰月某日17:00—20:00时段内28条客运航线为研究对象,停机位分布位置如图3所示,航线时刻如表1所示。
通过实地调研、专家打分、问卷调查收集各指标数据,根据式(1)~式(7)计算CRITIC法权重W1,式(1)、式(2)、式(8)~式(11)计算EWM法权重W2。其中,由式(12)~式(15)确定机位商业价值一级指标和二级指标的${\alpha }_{1}^{\ast }$${\alpha }_{2}^{\ast }$分别为0.361、0.639和0.641、0.359;航线商业价值一级指标和二级指标的${\alpha }_{1}^{\ast }$${\alpha }_{2}^{\ast }$分别为0.415、0.585和0.481、0.519。通过式(19)得到各指标的博弈论最优组合权重W*,权重值如表2所示。
CRITIC法重点考虑指标之间的关联度和稳定性,而EWM法分配权重的依据为指标的差异性和离散程度。各指标的变异性sj、冲突性ρjj'、差异系数dj表3所示。
由于各指标具有不同程度的相关性与随机性,导致两种赋权法确定的权重存在一定波动和差异,如图4所示,基于博弈论对权重值进行优化重组可以综合各指标的不确定度和相对重要性,提升了决策过程的可靠性和稳定性。
将上述得到的最优组合权重和归一化后的指标值代入VIKOR算法,根据式(17)~式(20)计算SiRi。评价对象的Ri越小,表明其相对于最优解的失约程度越小,最终的评价结果是在遗憾足够小的基础上提高群体效用。由式(21)~式(23)计算机位与航线商业价值的折衷系数分别为v1(0.501)、v2(0.523),代入式(24)得到QiQi越小,则评价对象与理想解的距离越接近,即评价对象的综合质量水平越高。“可接受的决策可靠度”要求[23]Qi排序第1的评价对象,其SiRi须小于排序第2的对象。机位和航线商业价值评价结果分别如图5图6所示,Qi排序第1、第2的机位为G9(0.039 9)、G10(0.043 4),其Si分别为G9(0.192 2)<G10(0.253 1);Qi排序第1、第2的航线为R9(0.113 4)、R6(0.162 8),其Ri分别为R9(0.088 9)<R6(0.120 5),符合前述要求。
根据机位与航线的商业价值进行机位分配,得到18个停机位与25条航线匹配的甘特图如图7所示,受到航班唯一性、机位唯一性、机型属性、航班时刻等机位分配原则的限制,航线R1、R24、R27未分配停机位。
通过式(28)计算机位与航线商业价值评价指标之间的相关系数ρX,Y,如图8所示,与登机口客单价呈现显著相关的指标为B21(起飞时刻)、B22(停留时间)和B23(日均承运人数),与商业集中区客单价显著相关的指标为B22(停留时间)。
ρX,Y=$\frac{E\left(XY\right)-E\left(X\right)E\left(Y\right)}{\sqrt{E\left({X}^{2}\right)-[E{\left(X\right)]}^{2}}\sqrt{E\left({Y}^{2}\right)-[E{\left(Y\right)]}^{2}}}$
式(25)中:XY为任意两个指标;E为数学期望。
将机位所匹配航线的相关指标值xij及其相关系数代入式(26),得到机位商业价值Pi,如图9所示,在引入商业价值的机位分配模式下,登机口与商业集中区的商业价值分别可以提高9.4%和6.2%。
${P}_{i}=\sum _{j=1}^{m}{\rho }_{X,Y}{x}_{ij}, i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n$
在机位分配过程中引入商业价值因素,从登机口、旅客动线、旅客消费能力、航线潜在价值和机场重要程度5个方面,建立机位与航线商业价值评价指标体系,结合博弈论组合赋权和VIKOR算法进行机位分配,得到如下结论。
(1)通过博弈论对CRITIC法和EWM法确定的指标权重进行优化重组,修正优化了由于指标选取、参数设定等主观因素导致的数据偏差,综合指标的随机性以及冲突和变异程度,避免了单一方法的片面性,使指标权重的分配更加科学合理。
(2)运用VIKOR算法对机位与航线商业价值的评价结果进行折衷排序,由相关性分析得到与登机口客单价呈现显著相关的航线商业价值评价指标为B21(起飞时刻)、B22(停留时间)和B23(日均承运人数),与商业集中区客单价显著相关的指标为B22(停留时间),通过将具有不同商业价值的机位与航线进行匹配,登机口与商业集中区的商业价值分别提高了9.4%和6.2%。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费(24CAFUC10208)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费(24CAFUC10122)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费(ZHMH2022-022)
  • 四川省民航机场智慧运营与运维工程研究中心项目(JCZX2023ZZ03)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309711
  • 接收时间:2023-12-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-08
  • 修回日期:2024-11-15
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费(24CAFUC10208)
中央高校基本科研业务费(24CAFUC10122)
中央高校基本科研业务费(ZHMH2022-022)
四川省民航机场智慧运营与运维工程研究中心项目(JCZX2023ZZ03)
作者信息
    1 中国民用航空飞行学院机场学院, 广汉 618307
    2 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 北京 100044

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*苗容瑜(1999—),女,汉族,山西晋城人,硕士研究生。研究方向:机场运行管理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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