Article(id=1156949464050131190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401748, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710172800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-12, revisedDate=1732118400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767847310, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767847310, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767847310, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767847310, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1676, endPage=1687, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949464612167947, articleId=1156949464050131190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Matching Analysis of Key Influencing Parameters for Shallow Buried Soft Soil Subway Tunnels Crossing Urban Roads under Two Types of Calculation Models, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the reasonable lining section thickness of shallow buried soft soil excavation channels under vehicle loads, two-dimensional finite element models were established using load structure method and strata structure method, respectively. The stress characteristics and safety factors of subway excavation channels under different burial depths, vehicle loads, and lining thicknesses were quantified. The research results indicate that regardless of the presence or absence of vehicle loads, the maximum bending moment of the tunnel is located at the arch foot or arch shoulder, and the minimum safety factor is located at the arch crown. According to the original design reinforcement, regardless of whether there is vehicle load, the safety factor decreases with increasing burial depth and increases with increasing secondary lining. Under shallow burial conditions, the safety factors calculated by the load structure method are smaller than those calculated by the stratum structure method. The calculation results of load structure method show that under vehicle load and surrounding rock pressure, the secondary lining thickness is 60, 90, 100 cm respectively, and the burial depth does not exceed 8, 12, 14.6 m respectively, meeting the safety factor requirements of the specifications. The calculation results of the stratum structure method show that under vehicle load and surrounding rock pressure, when the thickness of the secondary lining is 60, 80, 100 cm respectively, its burial depth does not exceed 12, 15.5, 19 m, which can meet the safety factor requirements of the specifications.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cong LIU, Zhen LUO, Fan YANG, Shi-xiang XU, Zhi-biao GONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949560317796814, articleId=1156949464050131190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=两类计算模型下浅埋软土地铁隧道下穿城市道路关键影响参数匹配性分析, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为探讨车辆荷载下浅埋软土暗挖通道合理的衬砌断面厚度,采用荷载-结构法和地层-结构法分别建立二维有限元模型,量化了不同埋深、车辆荷载以及衬砌厚度下地铁暗挖通道的受力特性及安全系数。结果表明:无论有无车辆荷载,隧道弯矩最大值均位于的拱脚或拱肩处,安全系数最小值则位于拱顶。按原设计配筋,无论是否有车辆荷载,安全系数随埋深增大而减小,随二次衬砌厚度增大而增大。浅埋工况下,荷载-结构法计算的安全系数均比地层-结构法计算的安全系数小。荷载-结构法计算结果表明:在车辆荷载与围岩压力下,二次衬砌厚依次为60、90、100 cm时,埋深分别不超过8、12、14.6 m时满足规范安全系数要求;地层-结构法计算结果表明:在车辆荷载与围岩压力下,二次衬砌厚依次为60、80、100 cm时,其埋深分别不超过12、15.5、19 m能满足规范安全系数要求。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dcb6RG3ZkZqhfB2e1da8gg==, magXml=/0S6IAJkKsMjL7VWbtvj1A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wCW55JTGzhgClkf2KaLTDQ==, pdfFileSize=20321124, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=n6Qp6j0L1Ji6N/Cg5GymWg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=z9/ANKlLpLOUkFES4D8rcQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘聪(1986—),男,湖南益阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

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刘聪(1986—),男,湖南益阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

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刘聪(1986—),男,湖南益阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

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caption=

Stratigraphic structural calculation model, finite element model, physical and mechanical parameters

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材料单元 模型 密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模
量/MPa
泊松
黏聚
力/kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
Ⅵ级围岩 摩尔-库伦 1 500 14 0.29 10 18.85
初期支护 弹性 2 400 28 000 0.20
二次衬砌 2 400 31 500 0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435867955661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464050131190, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地层-结构计算模型有限元模型物理力学参数

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材料单元 模型 密度/
(kg·m-3)
弹性模
量/MPa
泊松
黏聚
力/kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
Ⅵ级围岩 摩尔-库伦 1 500 14 0.29 10 18.85
初期支护 弹性 2 400 28 000 0.20
二次衬砌 2 400 31 500 0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1225944436035727830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464050131190, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calculation cases

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工况 埋深/m 车辆荷载/(kN·m-1) 二次衬砌厚度/cm 工况 埋深/m 车辆荷载/(kN·m-1) 二次衬砌厚度/cm
1 4 0 60 26 4 15.225 80
2 8 0 60 27 8 15.225 80
3 12 0 60 28 12 15.225 80
4 16 0 60 29 16 15.225 80
5 19 0 60 30 19 15.225 80
6 4 15.225 60 31 4 0 90
7 8 15.225 60 32 8 0 90
8 12 15.225 60 33 12 0 90
9 16 15.225 60 34 16 0 90
10 19 15.225 60 35 19 0 90
11 4 0 70 36 4 15.225 90
12 8 0 70 37 8 15.225 90
13 12 0 70 38 12 15.225 90
14 16 0 70 39 16 15.225 90
15 19 0 70 40 19 15.225 90
16 4 15.225 70 41 4 0 100
17 8 15.225 70 42 8 0 100
18 12 15.225 70 43 12 0 100
19 16 15.225 70 44 16 0 100
20 19 15.225 70 45 19 0 100
21 4 0 80 46 4 15.225 100
22 8 0 80 47 8 15.225 100
23 12 0 80 48 12 15.225 100
24 16 0 80 49 16 15.225 100
25 19 0 80 50 19 15.225 100
), ArticleFig(id=1225944436169945565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949464050131190, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

计算工况

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工况 埋深/m 车辆荷载/(kN·m-1) 二次衬砌厚度/cm 工况 埋深/m 车辆荷载/(kN·m-1) 二次衬砌厚度/cm
1 4 0 60 26 4 15.225 80
2 8 0 60 27 8 15.225 80
3 12 0 60 28 12 15.225 80
4 16 0 60 29 16 15.225 80
5 19 0 60 30 19 15.225 80
6 4 15.225 60 31 4 0 90
7 8 15.225 60 32 8 0 90
8 12 15.225 60 33 12 0 90
9 16 15.225 60 34 16 0 90
10 19 15.225 60 35 19 0 90
11 4 0 70 36 4 15.225 90
12 8 0 70 37 8 15.225 90
13 12 0 70 38 12 15.225 90
14 16 0 70 39 16 15.225 90
15 19 0 70 40 19 15.225 90
16 4 15.225 70 41 4 0 100
17 8 15.225 70 42 8 0 100
18 12 15.225 70 43 12 0 100
19 16 15.225 70 44 16 0 100
20 19 15.225 70 45 19 0 100
21 4 0 80 46 4 15.225 100
22 8 0 80 47 8 15.225 100
23 12 0 80 48 12 15.225 100
24 16 0 80 49 16 15.225 100
25 19 0 80 50 19 15.225 100
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两类计算模型下浅埋软土地铁隧道下穿城市道路关键影响参数匹配性分析
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刘聪 , 罗震 , 杨帆 , 徐世祥 , 龚志彪
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(4): 1676-1687
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(4): 1676-1687
两类计算模型下浅埋软土地铁隧道下穿城市道路关键影响参数匹配性分析
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刘聪 , 罗震, 杨帆, 徐世祥, 龚志彪
作者信息
  • 东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
  • 刘聪(1986—),男,湖南益阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

Matching Analysis of Key Influencing Parameters for Shallow Buried Soft Soil Subway Tunnels Crossing Urban Roads under Two Types of Calculation Models
Cong LIU , Zhen LUO, Fan YANG, Shi-xiang XU, Zhi-biao GONG
Affiliations
  • Department of Civil and Architecture Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401748
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为探讨车辆荷载下浅埋软土暗挖通道合理的衬砌断面厚度,采用荷载-结构法和地层-结构法分别建立二维有限元模型,量化了不同埋深、车辆荷载以及衬砌厚度下地铁暗挖通道的受力特性及安全系数。结果表明:无论有无车辆荷载,隧道弯矩最大值均位于的拱脚或拱肩处,安全系数最小值则位于拱顶。按原设计配筋,无论是否有车辆荷载,安全系数随埋深增大而减小,随二次衬砌厚度增大而增大。浅埋工况下,荷载-结构法计算的安全系数均比地层-结构法计算的安全系数小。荷载-结构法计算结果表明:在车辆荷载与围岩压力下,二次衬砌厚依次为60、90、100 cm时,埋深分别不超过8、12、14.6 m时满足规范安全系数要求;地层-结构法计算结果表明:在车辆荷载与围岩压力下,二次衬砌厚依次为60、80、100 cm时,其埋深分别不超过12、15.5、19 m能满足规范安全系数要求。
地铁隧道  /  二次衬砌  /  车辆荷载  /  安全系数

To explore the reasonable lining section thickness of shallow buried soft soil excavation channels under vehicle loads, two-dimensional finite element models were established using load structure method and strata structure method, respectively. The stress characteristics and safety factors of subway excavation channels under different burial depths, vehicle loads, and lining thicknesses were quantified. The research results indicate that regardless of the presence or absence of vehicle loads, the maximum bending moment of the tunnel is located at the arch foot or arch shoulder, and the minimum safety factor is located at the arch crown. According to the original design reinforcement, regardless of whether there is vehicle load, the safety factor decreases with increasing burial depth and increases with increasing secondary lining. Under shallow burial conditions, the safety factors calculated by the load structure method are smaller than those calculated by the stratum structure method. The calculation results of load structure method show that under vehicle load and surrounding rock pressure, the secondary lining thickness is 60, 90, 100 cm respectively, and the burial depth does not exceed 8, 12, 14.6 m respectively, meeting the safety factor requirements of the specifications. The calculation results of the stratum structure method show that under vehicle load and surrounding rock pressure, when the thickness of the secondary lining is 60, 80, 100 cm respectively, its burial depth does not exceed 12, 15.5, 19 m, which can meet the safety factor requirements of the specifications.

subway tunnels  /  secondary lining  /  vehicle load  /  safety factor
刘聪, 罗震, 杨帆, 徐世祥, 龚志彪. 两类计算模型下浅埋软土地铁隧道下穿城市道路关键影响参数匹配性分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1676 -1687 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401748
Cong LIU, Zhen LUO, Fan YANG, Shi-xiang XU, Zhi-biao GONG. Matching Analysis of Key Influencing Parameters for Shallow Buried Soft Soil Subway Tunnels Crossing Urban Roads under Two Types of Calculation Models[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1676 -1687 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401748
城市核心城区道路交通压力大,地铁出入口及风道等多采用浅埋暗挖法开挖。然而,在某些超浅埋软土地区,暗挖地铁通道自身稳定性差,且受地面交通荷载扰动,开挖稳定性面临着更为严峻的挑战。
在交通荷载下浅埋暗挖地铁通道稳定性研究方面,董建松[1]运用三维有限差分软件建立半空间隧道动荷载计算模型,研究复杂交通荷载作用下中隔墙(center diaphragm,CD)法隧道上覆地层位移、速度和支护结构动力响应,揭示了交通荷载的影响范围及规律。李珏池[2]研究发现,暗挖隧道对上部既有轨道结构主要影响部位在拱顶斜向45°及墙脚位置。张川[3]以重庆轨道交通4号线一期唐栋桥站—唐家沱站区间及出入线暗挖段为依托,运用ANSYS软件建立有限元模型,利用蒙特卡罗法及拉丁方抽样原理对衬砌的可靠性进行了研究,结果表明,衬砌的可靠性受砂岩和衬砌参数影响较大。段雨彤等[4]通过建立三维数值仿真模型,计算了埋深为1、3、5 m时隧道沉降,发现隧道沉降增加值随埋深增大而减小。基于其推导的围岩压力与位移解析解,赵何霖等[5]对支护结构厚度和弹性模量进行了参数分析,发现隧道结构弯矩与支护厚度、弹性模量呈正相关关系,且弹性模量影响更大,初期支护参数比二次衬砌参数变化影响更大。以某膨胀岩浅埋隧道为工程背景,运用荷载结构计算方法,运凯等[6]对膨胀位置、仰拱矢跨比、仰拱厚度等指标进行了参数影响分析,发现在隧道仰拱和边墙处产生局部膨胀时,仰拱及拱脚处的内力最大,仰拱隆起变形最大,对结构的危害也最大。邓来等[7]以峨汉高速豹狸岗隧道工程为依托,运用现场实测和数值仿真,研究富水隧道二次衬砌结构的受力特性,确定了高水压下二次衬砌的合理设计参数。陈炳光等[8]对峨汉高速豹狸岗隧道IV级围岩段进行了围岩压力、围岩-结构间接触压力、支护结构内力测试,得到荷载分布规律及结构受力特征。彭学军等[9]采用FLAC3D有限差分法建立三维隧道模型,研究鹅岭隧道在4种开挖方案下隧道的安全系数,分析隧道围岩潜在的破坏形式,确定了三台阶法合理的开挖参数。孙迪[10]运用数值仿真,分析了在有无仰拱情况下隧道衬砌的安全系数,结果表明,无仰拱时,结构的弯矩会显著增大,安全系数比有仰拱时会大幅降低,仰拱结构封闭成环对于提升隧道结构的承载能力具有重要意义。杨朝帅等[11]通过数值模拟分析了不同病害条件下隧道的安全系数,得到了衬砌开裂、衬砌渗漏水、衬砌背后空洞对隧道安全性有不利影响,如轴力、弯矩、剪力增加,安全系数下降。应国刚等[12]对荷载调节控制技术在超大断面隧道中的应用进行了研究,发现通过调整拱架受载水平,能使弯矩峰值大幅度降低,提升安全系数。基于弹性地基曲梁理论和空间状态法,刘新荣等[13]建立隧道衬砌受力二维解析解模型,采用Laplace变换求解得到了衬砌内力与位移,并与数值模拟结果对比,发现二次衬砌劣化后,劣化厚度较小时,劣化处弯矩及安全系数均随衬砌有效承载厚度减小而减小,当劣化厚度超过一定值后,轴力偏心距将减小,此时安全系数反而有所增加。向龙等[14]运用数值仿真方法评价了施工质量因素对隧道结构安全性的影响,确定隧道拱顶和拱脚弯矩大,安全系数最低,宜对拱顶及拱脚进行加强支护,并增加钢筋及抗拉锚杆等措施优化结构受力。
前人研究主要以地层结构法研究新建暗挖地铁通道施工力学特性及安全性,而运用荷载-结构法开展浅埋软土隧道安全性及车辆动载影响方面的研究积累相对较少。地层-结构法与荷载-结构法各有优缺点及适用范围,地层-结构法具有较为完备的理论依据,能较好地模拟浅埋隧道的荷载及地层与结构之间的相互作用,但对于深埋隧道的成拱效应和围岩自承载模拟存在缺陷,无法区分深埋、浅埋隧道外荷载差异。荷载-结构法属于经验性计算模型,对深、浅埋隧道进行了界定,并确定了深、浅埋隧洞外荷载计算公式,但对地层与结构之间的相互作用模拟较为简单,围岩自承载估计不准等缺陷。
为此,拟建立数值仿真模型,采用两种方法分别计算车辆荷载扰动下浅埋软土暗挖通道施工力学特性,揭示埋深、车辆荷载的影响规律,进一步确定不同埋深条件下暗挖通道的合理衬砌厚度,以期为浅埋软土暗挖地铁通道断面设计确定提供有益参考。
南昌地铁3号线邓埠站位于南昌县迎宾中大道与开发路交界处,邓埠站1号出入口暗挖段横跨道路。通道设计宽度为8.3 m,高度为5.8 m,初期支护厚30 cm,二次衬砌厚60 cm,暗挖段总长23 m。通道结构位于粉质黏土中,由附属明挖段向车站主体方向开挖。隧道横断面图如图1所示。
根据地质资料可知,暗挖段施工范围内的土层依次为2.6 m厚回填土层、6.5 m厚粉质黏土层、6.9 m厚中砂层、12.8 m粗砾砂层和泥质粉砂岩,地下水位在隧道结构底板以下6 m。隧道施工范围具体土层分布如图2所示。
出入口暗挖段为直墙拱顶断面隧道。隧道初期支护主要由超前管棚、砂浆锚杆(锁脚锚杆)、无收缩双液注浆(non-shrinkage double-liquid grouting,WSS)全断面水平注浆+超前小导管补密注桨、钢筋网、喷射混凝土、钢架组成联合支护体系,二次衬砌采用防水钢筋混凝土。本段暗挖施工采用交叉中隔墙(cross diaphragm,CRD)法,先开挖左侧上导洞,第二步施工左侧下导洞,第三步施工右侧上导洞,最后施工右侧下导洞,闭合初期支护。隧道结构及施工顺序如图3所示。
通常“荷载-结构”模型一般用于隧道设计,将隧道视同地表建筑结构,计算并在隧道结构上施加岩体产生的荷载,同时考虑隧道结构与围岩之间的弹性抗力,是一种常见且成熟的经验性计算模型,能考虑隧道围岩的成拱效应,区分深埋和浅埋荷载差异,但其浅埋未考虑围岩自承载,而深埋时仅考虑顶部塌落拱荷载及其引起的侧压力,导致往往浅埋时结构内力计算结果偏大,而深埋时内力计算结果偏小。
采用SAP84有限元软件,建立隧道模型如图4所示。隧道宽8.3 m,高5.8 m,初期支护厚度为0.3 m,二次衬砌厚度为0.6 m。衬砌结构简化为梁单元,其材料类型为钢筋混凝土,其断面宽度为二衬混凝土厚度,纵向长度为1 m。
选取混凝土为C35,其弹性模量为3.15×107 kN/m2,泊松比为0.2,重度为24.5 kN/m3。接地弹簧设置为只能受压,其刚度k[15-16]为6.5×103 kN/m。接地弹簧具体设置如图4所示。
公路Ⅰ级车道荷载均布荷载标准值q[17]为 10.5 kN/m。汽车荷载的冲击力标准值为汽车荷载标准值乘以冲击系数u[17],u为0.45。车辆荷载计算公式如式(1)所示。模型荷载布置如图5所示。
Qv=(1+u)q
围岩等级为Ⅵ,围岩内摩擦角ϕc=18.85°,其重度为15 kN/m3。模型计算了埋深为4、8、12、16、19 m的竖向围岩压力和侧向围岩压力,其计算公式为[16]
竖向围岩压力为
$q=\gamma H$
式(2)中:q为垂直均布压,kN/m2;$\gamma $为隧道上覆围岩重度,kN/m3;H为隧道埋深,指隧道顶至地面的距离,m。
侧向围岩压力为
$e=\gamma \left(H+\frac{1}{2}{H}_{t}\right)ta{n}^{2}\left(45°-\frac{{\varphi }_{c}}{2}\right)$
式(3)中:e为侧向均布压力,kN/m2;Ht为隧道高度,m。
采用“地层-结构”模型,该模型是一种常见且成熟的理论计算模型。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立二维模型尺寸为 80 m×80 m。土体、初期支护和二次衬砌均设置为二维壳单元。隧道宽8.3 m,高5.8 m,初期支护厚度为0.3 m,二次衬砌厚度为0.6 m。隧道模型如图6所示。
模型整体施加重力荷载。模型上表面自由,前后及底部施加法向位移约束。土体与初期支护和初期支护与二次衬砌之间设置绑定关系。如图7所示。
根据隧道所在地的地质资料可判断隧道所在地层为Ⅵ级围岩。按照《公路隧道设计规范第一册土建工程》(JTG 3370.1—2018)[16]选取6级围岩物理力学参数,如表1所示。
为研究不同埋深的围岩压力、车辆荷载对浅埋地铁隧道安全系数的影响,设置工况如表2所示。
为了验证模型的准确性,用荷载结构计算模型中隧道模型的变形和地层结构计算模型中地表沉降与实际监测的地表沉降进行对比,如图8所示。荷载结构计算模型中隧道模型的最大变形为14.1 mm,实际监测的地表最大沉降为12.7 mm。隧道模型变形大于实际监测地表沉降,两者误差为11.02%。地层结构计算模型中地表最大沉降为13.43 mm,实际监测的地表最大沉降为12.7 mm。地层结构计算模型中地表沉降大于实际监测地表沉降,两者误差为5.75%。隧道模型的变形和地表沉降与实际地表沉降的趋势基本相同。这表明两个模型是可靠的。
用SAP84有限元软件,建立各工况隧道模型对其进行受力计算。模型主要讨论隧道上部结构安全。各工况中除底板外拱脚或拱肩为弯矩最大值处。在当隧道二次衬砌厚度为100 cm时,有车辆荷载,埋深为19 m时模型拱肩处弯矩最大,其值为971 kN·m。其中衬砌厚度为60、100 cm隧道弯矩图如图9所示。
图9可知,在埋深和二次衬砌厚度相同的情况下,有车辆荷载时衬砌所受弯矩均高于无车辆荷载;在同等埋深下,无论有无车辆荷载,弯矩随二次衬砌厚度增大而增大;在二次衬砌厚度、车辆荷载相同时,隧道最大弯矩值随埋深增加而增大,弯矩最大值处由拱脚变成拱肩。
用SAP84有限元软件,建立各工况隧道模型对其进行受力计算。模型主要讨论隧道上部结构安全。各工况中拱脚均为轴力最大值处。在当隧道二次衬砌厚度为100 cm,有车辆荷载且埋深为19 m时,模型拱脚处轴力最大,其值为1 210 kN。其中衬砌厚度为60、100 cm隧道轴力图如图10所示。
图10可知,在埋深和二次衬砌厚度相同的情况下,有车辆荷载时衬砌所受轴力均高于无车辆荷载;在同等埋深下,无论有无车辆荷载,隧道的拱肩、拱腰和拱脚的轴力随二次衬砌厚度增大而增大,隧道的拱顶的轴力随二次衬砌厚度增大而减小;在二次衬砌厚度、车辆荷载相同时,隧道最大轴力值随埋深增加而增大。
用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立各工况隧道模型对其进行受力计算。模型主要讨论隧道上部结构安全。各工况中除底板外拱脚或拱肩为弯矩最大值处。在当隧道二次衬砌厚度为100 cm时,无车辆荷载,埋深为19 m时模型拱肩处弯矩最大,其值为854.372 kN·m。其中衬砌厚度为60 cm、100 cm隧道弯矩图如图11所示。
图11可知,在埋深和二次衬砌厚度相同的情况下,有车辆荷载时衬砌所受弯矩均高于无车辆荷载;在同等埋深下,无论有无车辆荷载,弯矩随二次衬砌厚度增大而增大;在二次衬砌厚度、车辆荷载相同时,隧道最大弯矩值随埋深增加而增大,弯矩最大值处由拱脚变成拱肩。
用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立各工况隧道模型对其进行受力计算。模型主要讨论隧道上部结构安全。各工况中拱腰均为轴力最大值处。在当隧道二次衬砌厚度为100 cm,有车辆荷载且埋深为19 m时,模型拱腰处轴力最大,其值为1 327.46 kN。其中衬砌厚度为60、100 cm隧道轴力图如图12所示。
图12可知,在埋深和二次衬砌厚度相同的情况下,有车辆荷载时衬砌所受轴力均高于无车辆荷载;在同等埋深下,无论有无车辆荷载,隧道的拱肩、拱腰和拱脚的轴力随二次衬砌厚度增大而增大,隧道的拱顶的轴力随二次衬砌厚度增大而减小;在二次衬砌厚度、车辆荷载相同时,隧道最大轴力值随埋深增加而增大。
该隧道为公路隧道,其安全系数按《公路隧道设计规范第一册土建工程》(JTG 3370.1—2018)[16]计算。在原设计中为对称配筋,用钢筋等级为HRB400直径为25 mm的钢筋以150 mm为间隔进行配筋。具体配筋如图13所示。
由于模型以隧道长1 m进行计算,配筋总面积为2 945 mm2。安全系数计算公式为
${R}_{g}({A}_{g}e\pm A{\text{'}}_{g}e\text{'})={R}_{w}bx\left(e-{ℎ}_{0}+\frac{x}{2}\right)$
式(4)中:Rg为钢筋的抗拉强度标准值;AgA'g为受拉和受压区钢筋的截面面积,m2;ee'为钢筋AgA'g的重心至轴同力作用点的距离,m;Rw为混凝土弯曲抗压极限强度;b为隧道计算长度,这里取1 m计算;x为混凝土受压区的高度,m;0为截面的有效高度,m。
当模型部位为小偏心时,式(4)的左边第二项取正号;当模型部位为大偏心时,则取负号。
$K=\frac{{R}_{w}bx\left({ℎ}_{0}-\frac{x}{2}\right)+{R}_{g}A{\text{'}}_{g}({ℎ}_{0}-a\text{'})}{Ne}$
式(5)中:K为安全系数;N为轴力;a'为自钢筋A'g的重心分别至截面最近边缘的距离,m。
按式(4)、式(5)对各工况的拱顶、拱肩、拱腰、拱脚和底板的安全系数进行计算。两种模型所有工况均是拱顶的安全系数为最小值。《公路隧道设计规范第一册土建工程》(JTG 3370.1—2018)[16]中规定在永久荷载或永久荷载+基本可变荷载情况下钢筋达到极限强度或混凝土达到抗压或抗剪极限强度安全系数要求为2.0。模型安全系数最小值的变化如图14所示。
图14可知,考虑埋深,不考虑车辆荷载时,荷载结构计算模型中埋深≤8 m,设计采用60 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤12 m,设计采用80 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤16 m,设计采用100 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求。地层结构计算模型中埋深≤14 m,设计采用60 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤15 m,设计采用70 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤16 m,设计采用80 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤17.5 m,设计采用90 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤19 m,设计采用100 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求。
考虑埋深及车辆荷载,荷载结构模型计算型中二次衬砌设计厚度为60 cm,埋深≤8 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为90 cm,埋深≤12 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为100 cm,埋深≤14.6 m满足规范安全系数要求。地层结构计算模型中二次衬砌设计厚度为60 cm,埋深≤12 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为70 cm,埋深≤14 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为80 cm,埋深≤15.5 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为90 cm,埋深≤18 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为100 cm,埋深≤19 m满足规范安全系数要求。在本文工况下,按荷载-结构计算模型计算的安全系数均比按地层-结构计算模型计算的安全系数小。
以某浅埋软土暗挖地铁通道为工程依托,分别采用“荷载-结构”法和“地层-结构”法,量化不同埋深、车辆荷载下暗挖通道结构受力及安全系数,确定车辆荷载下浅埋软土暗挖通道合理的衬砌断面厚度,得出如下结论。
(1)无论是否有车辆荷载,在其他情况相同的条件下,隧道的拱脚或拱肩是弯矩最大值处,隧道的拱顶是结构安全系数最小值处。
(2)按原设计配筋,无论是否有车辆荷载,安全系数随埋深增大而减小,随二次衬砌增大而增大。
(3)考虑埋深,不考虑车辆荷载时,荷载结构模计算型中埋深≤8 m,设计采用60 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤12 m,设计采用80 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤16 m,设计采用100 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求。地层结构计算模型中埋深≤14 m,设计采用60 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤15 m,设计采用70 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤16 m,设计采用80 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤18.5 m,设计采用90 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求;埋深≤19 m,设计采用100 cm厚二次衬砌,隧道安全系数满足要求。
(4)考虑埋深及车辆荷载,荷载结构模计算型中二次衬砌设计厚度为60 cm,埋深≤8 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为90 cm,埋深≤12 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为100 cm,埋深≤14.6 m满足规范安全系数要求。地层结构模计算型中二次衬砌设计厚度为60 cm,埋深≤12 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为70 cm,埋深≤14 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为80 cm,埋深≤15.5 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为90 cm,埋深≤18 m满足规范安全系数要求;二次衬砌设计厚度为100 cm,埋深≤19 m满足规范安全系数要求。
(5)在所设计工况下,按荷载-结构计算模型计算的安全系数均比按地层-结构计算模型计算的安全系数小。
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2022M711429)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20224BAB204058)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401748
  • 接收时间:2024-03-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12
  • 修回日期:2024-11-21
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中国博士后科学基金(2022M711429)
江西省自然科学基金(20224BAB204058)
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    东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
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