Article(id=1156949463618114257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309717, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702051200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-09, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767847208, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767847208, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767847208, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767847208, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1688, endPage=1700, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949464977068790, articleId=1156949463618114257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Mechanical Characteristics of Tunnel Assembly Temporary Support Structure, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the shortcomings in the construction of temporary support for tunnels, a assembly of temporary support was proposed, and the new structure was studied from the aspects of temporary support shape, assembly structure, and stress deformation. Taking the Shaojiatang Tunnel as the background, on-site monitoring data was collected and compared with traditional temporary support structures using finite element software. It can be concluded that excavation of the tunnel’s rear tunnel will have adverse effects on the deformation of the previous tunnel. Vertical temporary support has better control over the left and right arch waists, surface settlement, and total convergence deformation of the tunnel. Compared with traditional curved structures, it decreases by 16%, 20%, 55%, and 14%, respectively. Moreover, vertical temporary support can restore stability faster and shorten the dismantling distance. By using vertical temporary support, the initial support force of the tunnel is smaller and safer compared to the curved support, and the maximum vertical and lateral stresses are reduced by 58% and 73%, respectively. The mechanical characteristics of temporary support local structures were simulated using ABAQUS software. The results show that the forces and deformations of both prefabricated vertical and traditional temporary support structures can meet the requirements of the specifications. However, prefabricated temporary support structures have more advantages in construction efficiency and economic benefits, and choosing prefabricated temporary support is more suitable.

, correspAuthors=Wei-lin NI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiong QIAO, Wei-lin NI, Shi-jing HU, Xiao-long YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949598188163215, articleId=1156949463618114257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=隧道装配式临时支撑结构力学特性, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对隧道临时支撑施工中的不足,提出临时支撑装配化,并从临时支撑形状、装配化结构、受力变形等方面对该新型结构展开研究。以邵家塘隧道为背景,统计现场监测数据,并利用有限元软件将其与传统临时支撑结构进行对比分析可得:隧道后行洞开挖时会对先行洞的变形造成不利影响。竖直临时支撑对隧道左、右拱腰、地表沉降以及总收敛变形的控制较好,与传统弧形相比,分别减小了16%、20%、55%和14%,且竖直临时支撑能够更快恢复稳定,可缩短拆撑距。采用竖直临时支撑,隧道初支受力相比弧形支撑更小、更安全,竖向和横向最大应力分别减小了58%、73%。采用ABAQUS软件对临时支撑局部结构的力学特性进行了模拟,结果表明:装配式竖直和传统临时支撑结构的受力与变形均能满足规范要求。但装配式临时支撑结构在施工效率和经济效益方面更有优势,选用装配式临时支撑更合适。

, correspAuthors=倪伟淋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*倪伟淋(1997—),男,汉族,重庆人,硕士。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:
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乔雄(1980—),男,汉族,陕西榆林人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

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乔雄(1980—),男,汉族,陕西榆林人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

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乔雄(1980—),男,汉族,陕西榆林人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

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Shijiazhuang: Shijiazhuang Railway University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225944449709163154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=107, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=欧阳冬, 罗会平, 陈剑伟, journalName=都市快轨交通, refType=null, unstructuredReference=欧阳冬, 罗会平, 陈剑伟, 等. 装配式空心钢管混凝土支撑技术研究及应用[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2023, 36(4): 107-113., articleTitle=装配式空心钢管混凝土支撑技术研究及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225944449780466323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=107, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Ouyang Dong, Luo Huiping, Chen Jianwei, journalName=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ouyang Dong, Luo Huiping, Chen Jianwei, et al. 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Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2023, 36(4): 107-113., articleTitle=Technology and application of assembled hollow concrete-filled steel tubular struts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225944449851769492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=2, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=42, authorNames=邹楷, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹楷. 装配式建筑智能制造和智能建造的创新需求分析[C]//2023年智慧城市建设论坛深圳分论坛论文集. 深圳: 中国智慧城市经济专家委员会, 2023: 2., articleTitle=装配式建筑智能制造和智能建造的创新需求分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225944449910489749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=2, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zou Kai, journalName=Smart City Construction Forum Shenzhen Sub-forum Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou Kai. Innovation demand analysis of intelligent manufacturing and intelligent construction of prefabricated buildings[C]// Smart City Construction Forum Shenzhen Sub-forum Papers. Shenzhen: China Smart City Economic Expert Committee, 2023: 2., articleTitle=Innovation demand analysis of intelligent manufacturing and intelligent construction of prefabricated buildings, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944445204480617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, awardId=51768041, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51768041), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944429664584649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944429761053645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, companyId=1225944429664584649, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944429790413777, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图7, caption=两种中隔壁隧道围岩收敛对比, figureFileSmall=15DEx9E8RtHrfzKr4sJc4w==, figureFileBig=cSZblKSou89fiwu0pMCRXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438384542086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Convergence comparison of surrounding rock of the next tunnel in two types, figureFileSmall=RkNQMWcWrJjcH+90AhvVwA==, figureFileBig=kcbaZTt9KF6GlE9QkIUmVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438497788302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图8, caption=两种中隔壁隧道围岩收敛对比, figureFileSmall=RkNQMWcWrJjcH+90AhvVwA==, figureFileBig=kcbaZTt9KF6GlE9QkIUmVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438619423126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Stress comparison of the primary branch structure of the two middle partition tunnels, figureFileSmall=BNlRozUQUXcHyAO4DPfy9Q==, figureFileBig=uU78n3BORMtshWoeV+VwhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438711697819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图9, caption=两种中隔壁隧道初支结构应力对比, figureFileSmall=BNlRozUQUXcHyAO4DPfy9Q==, figureFileBig=uU78n3BORMtshWoeV+VwhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438829138337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of partition-door stresses, figureFileSmall=a2s+Df3KRfFSEamb9+IeFA==, figureFileBig=NP56mwhWhVlVtzWg8BFWrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438938190249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图10, caption=中隔壁应力对比, figureFileSmall=a2s+Df3KRfFSEamb9+IeFA==, 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label=Fig.14, caption=Settlement of the dominant hole vault of ZK53+160 section, figureFileSmall=q0mZoLqP/XQ0jcJv4meirw==, figureFileBig=Sn7EgfbgnFmgEYQ3LpsEPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944440028709341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图14, caption=ZK53+160断面主导洞拱顶沉降, figureFileSmall=q0mZoLqP/XQ0jcJv4meirw==, figureFileBig=Sn7EgfbgnFmgEYQ3LpsEPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944440267784674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Left guide hole of the ZK53+160 section is relatively convergent, figureFileSmall=ngXad6KjoS0mY4QepKUodA==, figureFileBig=gsarv80FNoZWo2SX0pbNaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944440381030887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图15, caption=ZK53+160断面左导洞相对收敛, 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figureFileBig=YpCUtE6NzHLx3BSTThJoXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944440838210049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图17, caption=ZK53+160断面全断面相对收敛, figureFileSmall=dA0nEtVEztTegliKVWqNGA==, figureFileBig=YpCUtE6NzHLx3BSTThJoXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944440938873354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=Prefabricated temporary support structure, figureFileSmall=AiM4KALNEeYdbqQpMSyxHA==, figureFileBig=JtEYVPV4YdVyij0XpzjdYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944441031148044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图18, caption=装配式临时支撑结构, figureFileSmall=AiM4KALNEeYdbqQpMSyxHA==, figureFileBig=JtEYVPV4YdVyij0XpzjdYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944441152782867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=Prefabricated temporary support structure, figureFileSmall=sCtYh9OmL7xUYdS74vg92w==, figureFileBig=p5RN1dxIUQLFvhncVsE2Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944441316360729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图19, caption=装配式临时支撑结构, figureFileSmall=sCtYh9OmL7xUYdS74vg92w==, figureFileBig=p5RN1dxIUQLFvhncVsE2Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944442813727260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=Basic structure of prefabricated temporary support, figureFileSmall=S+ZmIKRAmml/Gh+IwCAwWw==, figureFileBig=FyH28zFjdLTLjWr7dDEwIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944442960527907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=图20, 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label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical parameters of three-dimensional model materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 弹性模量
E/MPa
泊松
μ
黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦
ϕ/(°)
容重γ/
(kN/m3)
风积黄土(Ⅴ级) 27.00 0.3 25 23 14.5
冲积黄土(Ⅴ级) 60.00 0.3 26 25 16.0
初支 31 915.84 0.2 22.0
中隔壁 60 042.26 0.2 22.0
C25混凝土 23 000.00 0.2 22.0
I18钢拱架 210 000.00 0.3 78.5
HW175钢拱架 206 000.00 0.3 78.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444239790675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三维模型材料力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 弹性模量
E/MPa
泊松
μ
黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦
ϕ/(°)
容重γ/
(kN/m3)
风积黄土(Ⅴ级) 27.00 0.3 25 23 14.5
冲积黄土(Ⅴ级) 60.00 0.3 26 25 16.0
初支 31 915.84 0.2 22.0
中隔壁 60 042.26 0.2 22.0
C25混凝土 23 000.00 0.2 22.0
I18钢拱架 210 000.00 0.3 78.5
HW175钢拱架 206 000.00 0.3 78.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444311093845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Monitoring results of arch settlement of the left line of Shaojiatang Tunnel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验断面 位置 最终沉降
值/mm
最终速率/
(mm·d-1)
主导洞拱顶 59 0
ZK53+160 右侧导洞拱顶 144 -1
左侧导洞拱顶 134 -2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444386591319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

邵家堂隧道左线观测断面拱顶沉降监测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验断面 位置 最终沉降
值/mm
最终速率/
(mm·d-1)
主导洞拱顶 59 0
ZK53+160 右侧导洞拱顶 144 -1
左侧导洞拱顶 134 -2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444495643225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Observation section convergence monitoring results of Shaojiatang Tunnel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置 测试断面 最大收敛
值/mm
最终收敛
值/mm
最终速率/
(mm·d-1)
左导洞 ZK53+160 73 69 -2
右导洞 ZK53+160 -71 58 10
全断面 ZK53+160 -89 -35 -6
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444579529307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

邵家堂隧道左线观测断面收敛监测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置 测试断面 最大收敛
值/mm
最终收敛
值/mm
最终速率/
(mm·d-1)
左导洞 ZK53+160 73 69 -2
右导洞 ZK53+160 -71 58 10
全断面 ZK53+160 -89 -35 -6
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444646638172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of simulation data and on-site monitoring results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 数值模拟/mm 现场ZK53+160/mm
拱顶最终沉降 7.6 59
左导洞最终沉降 9.9 134
右导洞最终沉降 14.7 144
断面总最终收敛 13.2 89
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444717941343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模拟数据与现场监测结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 数值模拟/mm 现场ZK53+160/mm
拱顶最终沉降 7.6 59
左导洞最终沉降 9.9 134
右导洞最终沉降 14.7 144
断面总最终收敛 13.2 89
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444810216034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Size of temporary support assembly members

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444885713508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

临时支撑装配构件尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1225944444965405286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Material parameters for middle partition wall

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 弹性模量E/MPa 泊松比μ 密度ρ/(kg·m-3)
钢材 206 000 0.3 7 850
C25混凝土 23 000 0.2 2 400
), ArticleFig(id=1225944445045097064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463618114257, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

中隔壁材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 弹性模量E/MPa 泊松比μ 密度ρ/(kg·m-3)
钢材 206 000 0.3 7 850
C25混凝土 23 000 0.2 2 400
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隧道装配式临时支撑结构力学特性
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乔雄 1 , 倪伟淋 2, * , 扈士静 1 , 杨小龙 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(4): 1688-1700
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(4): 1688-1700
隧道装配式临时支撑结构力学特性
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乔雄1 , 倪伟淋2, * , 扈士静1, 杨小龙1
作者信息
  • 1 兰州理工大学土木工程学院, 兰州 730050
  • 2 中建桥梁有限公司, 重庆 402260
  • 乔雄(1980—),男,汉族,陕西榆林人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*倪伟淋(1997—),男,汉族,重庆人,硕士。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:
Mechanical Characteristics of Tunnel Assembly Temporary Support Structure
Xiong QIAO1 , Wei-lin NI2, * , Shi-jing HU1, Xiao-long YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2 China State Construction Bridge Corp., Ltd., Chongqing 402260, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309717
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针对隧道临时支撑施工中的不足,提出临时支撑装配化,并从临时支撑形状、装配化结构、受力变形等方面对该新型结构展开研究。以邵家塘隧道为背景,统计现场监测数据,并利用有限元软件将其与传统临时支撑结构进行对比分析可得:隧道后行洞开挖时会对先行洞的变形造成不利影响。竖直临时支撑对隧道左、右拱腰、地表沉降以及总收敛变形的控制较好,与传统弧形相比,分别减小了16%、20%、55%和14%,且竖直临时支撑能够更快恢复稳定,可缩短拆撑距。采用竖直临时支撑,隧道初支受力相比弧形支撑更小、更安全,竖向和横向最大应力分别减小了58%、73%。采用ABAQUS软件对临时支撑局部结构的力学特性进行了模拟,结果表明:装配式竖直和传统临时支撑结构的受力与变形均能满足规范要求。但装配式临时支撑结构在施工效率和经济效益方面更有优势,选用装配式临时支撑更合适。

隧道工程  /  装配化结构  /  数值模拟  /  临时支撑  /  现场监测

In response to the shortcomings in the construction of temporary support for tunnels, a assembly of temporary support was proposed, and the new structure was studied from the aspects of temporary support shape, assembly structure, and stress deformation. Taking the Shaojiatang Tunnel as the background, on-site monitoring data was collected and compared with traditional temporary support structures using finite element software. It can be concluded that excavation of the tunnel’s rear tunnel will have adverse effects on the deformation of the previous tunnel. Vertical temporary support has better control over the left and right arch waists, surface settlement, and total convergence deformation of the tunnel. Compared with traditional curved structures, it decreases by 16%, 20%, 55%, and 14%, respectively. Moreover, vertical temporary support can restore stability faster and shorten the dismantling distance. By using vertical temporary support, the initial support force of the tunnel is smaller and safer compared to the curved support, and the maximum vertical and lateral stresses are reduced by 58% and 73%, respectively. The mechanical characteristics of temporary support local structures were simulated using ABAQUS software. The results show that the forces and deformations of both prefabricated vertical and traditional temporary support structures can meet the requirements of the specifications. However, prefabricated temporary support structures have more advantages in construction efficiency and economic benefits, and choosing prefabricated temporary support is more suitable.

tunnel engineering  /  assembly structure  /  numerical simulation  /  temporary support  /  on-site monitoring
乔雄, 倪伟淋, 扈士静, 杨小龙. 隧道装配式临时支撑结构力学特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1688 -1700 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309717
Xiong QIAO, Wei-lin NI, Shi-jing HU, Xiao-long YANG. Mechanical Characteristics of Tunnel Assembly Temporary Support Structure[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1688 -1700 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309717
近年来,中国隧道建设技术由传统工艺快速转向预制装配化,使其建设技术向精度化、智能化、机械化飞速发展。隧道装配式化支护,不仅可解决隧道传统工艺施工中,二衬的空洞、裂缝、掉块、厚度不足等问题[1-4],还可改善施工环境,提高衬砌强度、防水性能[5-6],另外能带来较大的经济效益,能够缩短施工周期[7]。中国的秦岭Ⅰ线隧道[8]、蒙华铁路白城隧道[9]、浩吉铁路白城隧道[10]等采用的正是装配化管片衬砌施工,但由于地下环境过于复杂,预制装配式新技术运用于地下空间结构会受环境的限制,使装配构件强度受影响的因素较多,尤其各管片之间的连接方式,这与整个衬砌结构的稳定性密切相关,常见的连接方式有平面式、榫式、“L”形台阶式、弧面式和锲式等[11],而装配式衬砌破坏往往是由管片之间连接处强度受损引起。经研究表明合理的选择螺栓位置[12-13]、螺栓形状[14]及接头刚度[15]能够有效改善衬砌的结构力学性能,因此衬砌管片之间的连接方式对整体衬砌强度尤为重要。为研究装配式衬砌结构在支护过程中的力学性能,Huang等[16]通过有限元数值分析与加载试验相互验证分析出衬砌管片的最大正弯矩分布在拱顶和仰拱处。Liu等[17]进一步分析出了衬砌的弯矩和轴力不均匀分布的主要原因,分别由衬砌径向的剪切力和切向剪切力造成。Wang等[18]对加载试验中衬砌管片裂纹的发育过程进行分析,得出有关裂缝与加载路径的关系。而在实际工程中,管片衬砌强度受损,出现裂纹、变形时,可采用钢板加固法[19-20]或环氧树脂黏合加固法[21]增强衬砌结构的抗变形能力。
目前中国对装配式地下空间建设的研究,主要集中在地下站台、预制环形管片衬砌及衬砌间的连接方式。而对于大断面隧道的矿山法施工中,装配式临时支撑结构的研究尚鲜见报道。鉴于此,以邵家塘隧道施工为依托工程,对大断面双侧壁导坑法临时支撑技术进行探索,提出装配式临时支撑结构设计,以期为大断面隧道矿山法中装配式临时支撑施工技术提供借鉴。
G30连霍高速公路清水驿至忠和段扩容改造工程起于兰州市榆中县清水驿乡杜家咀村,接连霍高速十八里铺至清水驿段,止于皋兰县平岘村,邵家堂隧道按照三车道设计,为左右分离式双洞,隧道右线全长2 242 m,左线全长2 208 m,隧道最大埋深173 m。隧道修建区域内有黄土丘陵沟壑区和局部砂岩段,整个山体走向呈北东向,该区域山体表层围岩为上更新统风成黄土,浅黄色,土质较均匀,主要以粉粒组成,含砂量较高,大孔隙发育,土质疏松,稍湿。下伏地层为上更新统冲积黄土,黄褐色、稍湿,硬塑,土质较均匀,粉粒为主,含砂量较高。隧道进口和出口处的坡度分别为30°和20°,隧道修建地区植被较少,该区域内地表水不发育,雨季时沟谷的内侧有短暂流水,无常年流水痕迹。为了便于研究,选取隧道典型段落ZK53+160~ZK53+210段作为研究背景,该段隧道支护结构全部按土质V级围岩设计,隧道最大开挖跨度为17.889 m,拱高11.05 m,采用双侧壁导坑法施工,衬砌类型为TVXa,现场施工方法如图1所示,支护参数如图2所示。
邵家堂大跨度隧道采用双侧壁导坑法开挖,本次模拟施工段长度为50 m (ZK53+160~ZK53+210),原设计衬砌支护参数[22]表1所示,优化后只改变支护结构形状,衬砌支护设计参数不变,其中初支和中隔壁的弹性模量计算公式为[25]
$E={E}_{o}+\frac{{S}_{g}{E}_{g}}{{S}_{c}}$
式(1)中:E为计算后钢筋弹性模量,MPa;Eo为原混凝土的弹性模量,MPa;Sg为钢拱架截面积,m2;Eg为钢材弹性模量,MPa;Sc为混凝土截面积,m2
由于弧形装配式支撑不易加工与施作,因此设计装配式临时支撑宜采用竖直型,但竖直型临时支撑在实际工程中运用较少,故还需对竖直型支撑替代弧形支撑的可行性做进一步研究。
根据圣维南原理,所建模型边界取值大于隧道最大跨径的3~5倍[26],隧道跨径为17.889 m,开挖高度为11.05 m。因此,隧道左、右边界取99 m,进深边界取100 m,下边界取100 m,上边界取至地表,并根据地形图建立地表实际模型。模拟两种不同中隔壁隧道施工,两种不同中隔壁三维模型产生的单元和节点个数分别为34 393个单元、28 097个节点和33 948个单元、27 261个节点,三维模型如图3所示。隧道施工一次模拟开挖深度为2 m,隧道几个导洞施工先后顺序依次为,左上导坑开挖支护、右上到坑开挖支护、左下导坑开挖支护、右下导坑开挖支护、中上导坑开挖支护、中下导坑开挖支护,开挖间距依次为2 m、10 m、2 m、18 m、10 m,共计开挖25个全断面(进深50 m)。
模拟邵家堂隧道施工段zk 53+160~zk 53+210开挖,中隔壁拆除后,两种不同中隔壁支护隧道施工的围岩最终总位移云图,如图4图5所示。隧道最终沉降和收敛位移情况如图6图7所示。施工过程中,中隔壁最大位移如图8所示。
图4图5可知,弧形中隔壁隧道,地表最终沉降量为1.1 mm,竖直中隔壁隧道地表最终沉降量为0.5 mm,弧形相比竖直中隔壁隧道地表的最终下沉量减少了55%。另外,由于数值模拟施工过程中未做仰拱施工,导致两种中隔壁隧道的最终位移云图中,最大位移均在隧道拱底处,其值分别为72 mm和84.8 mm,竖直相对弧形中隔壁隧道拱底变形增大了17%。经对比分析后可得,不同中隔壁对地表最终沉降量影响较大,对隧道拱底影响较小。竖直中隔壁隧道的最终地表沉降量小于弧形的,而弧形中隔壁隧道拱底变形小于竖直的。表明竖直中隔壁对控制地表下沉有较好的效果。
图6可知,弧形中隔壁隧道拱顶以及左、右拱腰的最终沉降量分别为7.6、9.9、14.7 mm,竖直中隔壁隧道的分别为12.4、8.3、11.7 mm。竖直相比弧形中隔壁,隧道拱顶的最终沉降增加了63%,左、右拱腰的最终沉降值分别减少了16%、20%。由此可知,不同中隔壁对隧道拱顶以及左、右拱腰的沉降量均有一定的影响,且竖直中隔壁隧道的左、右拱腰均小于弧形的,表明竖直中隔壁能够很好地控制左、右拱腰的沉降量。
根据图7对比分析隧道左、右边墙收敛值可得,弧形中隔壁隧道左、右边墙收敛值分别为6.2、7 mm,竖直中隔壁隧道的左、右边墙收敛值相比弧形的较小,分别为5.8、5.5 mm,分别减小了6%和21%;对比分析隧道总收敛值可得,弧形中隔壁隧道最终总收敛为13.2 mm,竖直中隔壁隧道的为11.3 mm,可得竖直相比弧形中隔壁隧道最终总净空收敛值减小了14%。由此可知,不同中隔壁对隧道收敛变形有一定的影响,相比传统中隔壁临时支撑施工方法,隧道采用竖直中隔壁临时支撑施工对隧道的收敛变形控制效果更好。
图8可以看出,两种中隔壁隧道的右侧中隔壁临时支撑均大于左侧。弧形中隔壁隧道最后开挖断面施工完时,左、右中隔壁的位移值达到最大,其值分别为18.4、25.9 mm;竖直中隔壁隧道的中部下台阶开挖前阶段,因受土压力作用影响下,使中隔壁位移值达到最大,其值分别为24.6、27.7 mm。相比弧形,竖直中隔壁隧道左、右中隔壁的最大位移值增大了34%、7%。经对比分析可得,不同中隔壁隧道施工对中隔壁自身有一定的影响,相比弧形,竖直中隔壁隧道施工时,对中隔壁变形的控制相对较弱,但左、右中隔壁变形较均匀,竖直中隔壁的最大变形主要由未开挖土体向外挤压导致。
对比两种不同中隔壁临时支撑工况下,隧道8个关键点(拱顶,左、右拱腰,左、右边墙,左、右拱脚及拱底)的最终应力云图、中隔壁临时支撑最终产生的应力云图,分别如图9图10所示。
经分析可知,中隔壁拆除后,弧形中隔壁隧道初支结构在X方向上的应力大于YXY两个方向,因此,只对X方向进行受力分析。根据图9可知,竖直和弧形中隔壁隧道初支结构的最大拉应力均分布在隧道拱脚处。分别为23.1、29.3 MPa。最大压应力均分布在隧道拱脚与仰拱底部之间,分别为26.1、32.5 MPa,隧道初支结构均以受压为主。对比可得。竖直比弧形中隔壁隧道的初支结构的最大压应力减少了20%,表明竖直中隔壁对隧道初支结构的受力更有利。
根据图10可知,弧形中隔壁竖向和水平方向的最大拉应力均大于最大压应力;竖直中隔壁竖向和水平方向的最大拉应力均小于最大压应力。从竖向最大应力分析可得,弧形中隔壁的竖向最大压力分布在中隔壁中下部位,竖直中隔壁的竖向最大压力分布在中隔壁底部,分别为39.8、37.4 MPa,竖直相比弧形中隔壁,竖向最大压应力减少了6%。弧形中隔壁的竖向最大拉应力在中隔壁顶部、底部均有分布,竖直中隔壁的主要分布于顶部,分别为63.0、26.5 MPa,竖直相比弧形中隔壁,竖向最大拉应力减少了58%。
从水平方向最大应力分析可得,弧形中隔壁最大压应力分布在中隔壁中下部位,竖直中隔壁最大压应力分布在中隔壁顶部,分别为49.7、35.4 MPa。竖直相比弧形中隔壁的水平最大压应力减少了29%。弧形中隔壁最大拉应力在中隔壁的顶部和底部均有分布,竖直中隔壁最大拉应力主要分布在中隔壁上部,在中部也有分布,分别为66.8、17.8 MPa。竖直与弧形相比,中隔壁的水平最大拉应力减小了73%。
综上所述,从最大拉、压应力值分析可知,不同中隔壁,对中隔壁竖向的最大压应力影响较小,对竖向的最大拉应力以及水平方向的最大拉、压应力的影响较大,尤其是对水平方向的最大拉应力值影响最大。竖直中隔壁产生的水平和竖向最大拉、压应力均小于弧形中隔壁所产生的,这现象表明,采用竖直替换弧形中隔壁,可显著降低中隔壁产生的最大应力值。
为了获得邵家堂隧道采用传统双侧壁导坑法施工时支护结构的变形数据。选取ZK53+160、ZK53+165和ZK53+170断面进行变形监测,监测项目为隧道下沉和净空收敛,断面监测点如图11所示。
对邵家塘隧道左线zk53+160断面的左、右导洞和主导洞拱顶部位进行沉降监测,断面布置三个反射膜片作为沉降观测点,最终沉降、收敛监测结果分别如表2表3所示,沉降曲线如图12~图14所示,收敛曲线如图15~图17所示。根据现场监测数据,可得到变形规律,主导洞小于左、右导洞拱顶最终沉降量。收敛值由大到小排列依次为全断面、左导洞、右导洞。另外,全断面的相对收敛速率也大于左右导洞。
将邵家堂隧道施工段ZK53+160~ZK53+210数值模拟的最终沉降、收敛值与其现场监测施工断面ZK53+160的相比较,对比结果如表4所示,可以看出,数值模拟结果中的沉降、收敛值均比现场监测数据小,由于现场施工监测存在时空效应,并且监测时间长,共计监测141 d。而数值模拟开挖和支护为瞬间完成,模拟的施工段落也较短。数值模拟过程中没考虑渗水和人为因素的影响,故变形较小。但从整体沉降上可得出相同的规律,左右导洞拱顶沉降值明显大于主导洞拱顶的,表明该数值模拟结果较可靠。
大力发展装配式建筑,有利于推动建材可循环利用的绿色发展,装配式技术能够满足低碳建材、绿色施工,节约成本等[23-24,27]条件,而装配式临时支撑结构的优点在于,可根据现场需要制作高精度构件,配合现场智能化施工,减少现场人力拼装,加快安装和拆卸速度,节约时间成本。
若能将装配式技术广泛运用到山岭隧道施工中,针对山岭隧道设计一种可循环使用的预制装配式中隔壁结构,不仅能为矿山法技术带来快速、绿色、高效的发展前景,还能为山岭隧道建设带来良好的经济效益。
提出一种新型装配式临时支撑结构,并对其在施工过程中的力学特征展开研究。该结构选用钢材,由H175型钢、横向连接构件、挡土钢板、插销式连接口以及“T”形槽口组成,该模型如图18所示。选用H175型钢作为主要的竖向受力支撑杆件,挡土钢板作为主要的水平受力结构,而横向连接构件主要用于连接两相邻的H175型钢钢,使其形成一个整体支撑结构。
为验证装配式临时支撑结构前期预制容易,后期施工高效,将按照1∶10的比例预制出装配式临时支撑结构构件,并按照要求将预制的装配构件拼装出相应的实体模型,模型材料选用钢材,如图19所示。经过实际操作后发现,该选型结构的拼装过程快速、易操作,符合新型装配式临时支撑现场施工简便的目的。若能将该技术运用于实际工程建设中,取代传统喷射混凝土的挡土方式,不仅能降低成本,减少混凝土用量和材料损耗带来的建筑垃圾,还能够改善临时支撑拆除时对其他支护结构造成的扰动问题,使施工达到高质量,高效率的目的。
装配化施工技术,通常先在材料加工厂,将装配构件预制成形,再运输到现场进行拼装,各杆件之间通过设计的连接方式进行连接。如图20所示,插销式连接口和“T”形槽口采用焊接的方式分别布置于HW175型钢的内侧翼缘和腹板,而横向连接构件和挡土钢板分别嵌入插销式连接口和“T”形槽口中,各装配件尺寸参数如表5所列。
为了进一步验证新型装配式临时支撑结构的可用性,将该临时支撑结构模型与传统临时支撑结构进行对比,分析相同外荷载下两种不同临时支撑结构的应力应变特征。
有限元模型中,临时支撑装配构件均设置为三维可变形体,传统临时支撑为混凝土包裹型钢的弧形结构,混凝土为C25,钢架为HW175,有限元模型如图21所示。新型临时支撑结构除了插销式连接口以外,其他装配构件均通过建立草图和实体拉伸命令完成,插销式连接口通过建立草图和实体拉伸后再进行切削得到。考虑模型计算的收敛性以及网格划分方便,将选取新型临时支撑结构中,一段完整的装配结构进行受力验证,忽略其他段的影响;并对结构进行简化。“T”形槽口简化:将“T”形简化为“L”形槽口;插销式连接口简化:将插销式连接口与工字钢竖向支撑的接触简化为焊接。有限元模型如图22所示,加载方式如图23所示,模型边界条件如图24所示,模型的尺寸采用实际尺寸,如表5所示,材料参数如表6所示。钢材的塑性模型采用双折线模型,混凝土的塑性模型采用塑性损伤模型。
为进一步了解受相同外荷载下,两种不同结构的应变差异,将装配式竖直临时支撑模型与传统弧形临时支撑结构模型的应变云图进行对比,如图25所示,可以看出,装配式临时支撑结构和传统弧形临时支撑结构整体最大应变分别为0.95 mm和0.89 mm,由于传统弧形临时支撑采用是混凝土包裹型钢的形式,而该型钢型号与装配式临时支撑结构中的型钢相同,导致传统弧形临时支撑整体尺寸较大,相比装配式临时支撑结构每条边多两个混凝土保护层的厚度。这也是造成传统弧形临时支撑整体最大应变相比装配式临时支撑结构较小的重要原因之一,相对减少了6%。另外可以看出装配式临时支撑结构的最大应变分布在“L”形上槽口以及工字钢顶部附近处,而传统弧形临时支撑结构最大应变分布在混凝土结构中上部位以及型钢顶部,可看出装配式与传统弧形临时支撑结构相比应变大小以及位置有一定差异,但整体最大应变均相对较小,且均符合稳定性要求。
将装配式临时支撑结构与传统弧形临时支撑结构模型的应力云图进行对比,如图26所示,可以看出,装配式临时支撑结构和传统弧形临时支撑结构整体最大应力分别为132.3 MPa和110.9 MPa。模型结构的尺寸是影响结构应力的重要因素,而传统弧形临时支撑的尺寸相对装配式临时支撑结构较大。因此传统弧形临时支撑整体最大应力相比装配式临时支撑结构较小,相对减少了16%,两种不同临时支撑结构的最大应力均分布在型钢底部。另外可知,两种支撑结构的最大应力均满足要求。
以G30连霍高速公路清水驿至忠和段扩容改造工程邵家堂隧道为研究背景,针对传统中隔壁临时支撑施工存在的问题,提出一种可循环使用的装配式临时支撑结构,并对其力学特性展开研究,得出以下结论。
(1)将弧形改为竖直中隔壁支撑,地表最终下沉量可减少55%,左、右拱腰最终沉降量可分别减少16%、20%,隧道最终的总收敛值可减小14%,而未考虑仰拱回填情况下,仰拱整体位移从7.23 cm增到8.48 cm,必要时可对仰拱采取加固措施。另外可知,隧道后行洞开挖会对先行洞造成影响。
(2)通过两种中隔壁隧道初支沉降收敛对比可知,竖直中隔壁在最终的地表下沉、隧道左右拱腰最终沉降和隧道最终净空收敛方面的控制更好,而弧形中隔壁在隧道拱顶最终沉降、仰拱隆起、自身杆件变形方面控制更好。从受力对比分析可得,隧道初支的最大拉、压应力分布位置近似相同,且都主要以受压应力为主,竖直相比弧形中隔壁最大压应力减少了20%,表明竖直中隔壁隧道初支的受力值更小,更安全。
(3)通过对两种中隔壁支撑的变形分析可得,竖直和弧形中隔壁的最大变形均分布在右侧中隔壁,竖直中隔壁在中部未开挖土层向外挤压的作用下,产生的最大位移量大于弧形中隔壁,其最大位移值分别为2.77、2.59 cm,但竖直中隔壁稳定后的最终变形量明显小于弧形中隔壁。从受力分析可得,竖直中隔壁最大应力小于弧形中隔壁,竖向最大拉、压应力值分别减少了58%、6%,水平最大拉、压应力值分别减少了73%、29%,因此,采用竖直中隔壁施工,隧道支护结构的受力更小。
(4)通过对比分析,按照实际的不同尺寸,在相同外荷载下,装配式临时支撑结构与传统弧形临时支撑结构的应力应变,分析出由于传统临时支撑比装配式结构的每条边多两个保护层厚度,因此传统临时支撑结构应力应变略小于装配式临时支撑结构,分别减少了6%和16%,但两种结构均能够满足施工要求。另外可知新型装配式临时支撑结构在施工效率和经济效益方面更有优势。因此,可采用新型装配式临时支撑结构替代传统临时支撑结构。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51768041)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309717
  • 接收时间:2023-12-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-09
  • 修回日期:2024-11-18
基金
国家自然科学基金(51768041)
作者信息
    1 兰州理工大学土木工程学院, 兰州 730050
    2 中建桥梁有限公司, 重庆 402260

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*倪伟淋(1997—),男,汉族,重庆人,硕士。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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