Article(id=1156949463160938705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309491, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701187200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-29, revisedDate=1730822400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767847099, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767847099, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767847099, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767847099, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1602, endPage=1612, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949463710392555, articleId=1156949463160938705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Compressive Strength Characteristics and Microscopic Mechanism of Silty Soil Improved by Xanthan Gum and Lignin Fiber, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the engineering characteristics of silty soil in yellow plain area with low strength, easy deformation and poor bonding ability, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to add different contents of xanthan gum(XG), The mechanical properties and improvement mechanism of XG, lignin fiber (LF) and curing age were studied. The results show that both XG and LF as improved materials can increase the compressive strength of silty sand. With the increase of XG content, the compressive strength of silty sand first increases and then decreases. With the increase of LF content, the compressive strength of silt will increase, and the improvement effect will be weakened by adding too much LF. When the two materials are added to the silt simultaneously, the compressive strength of the silt is higher than that of one material alone. XG produces high viscosity gel when it encounters water, the loose silty soil is tightly cemented together, and the strength of the soil is improved. LF contains large molecular groups, forming a spatial network structure with surrounding soil particles, which strengthens the joint force between soils. The research results can provide reference values for the silty soil subgrade improvement project in the yellow plain area.

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王浩(1986—),男,汉族,河南开封人,博士,副教授。研究方向:特殊土工程地质。E-mail:

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王浩(1986—),男,汉族,河南开封人,博士,副教授。研究方向:特殊土工程地质。E-mail:

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王浩(1986—),男,汉族,河南开封人,博士,副教授。研究方向:特殊土工程地质。E-mail:

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Progress in Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology, 2023, 43(4): 59-66, 7., articleTitle=Effect of sand content on cracking and erosion resistance of xanthan gum composite clay, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944441156973201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, awardId=242102321007, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关计划(242102321007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1225944441282802327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, awardId=232102321012, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关计划(232102321012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944427378684905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944427387073516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, companyId=1225944427378684905, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944427395462124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, companyId=1225944427378684905, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南大学建筑工程学院, 开封 475004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225944434437697900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Test soil collection site, figureFileSmall=0G39RX3OEj20uJB0OdxfSA==, figureFileBig=nQDAWoPX2EObGGL475J9nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944434550944118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验用土采集地

审图号:GS(2023)2767

, figureFileSmall=0G39RX3OEj20uJB0OdxfSA==, figureFileBig=nQDAWoPX2EObGGL475J9nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944434697744771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Soil particle grading curve, figureFileSmall=lVX5ifHLbZ0NJUY1bTXiUg==, figureFileBig=NcVZvOSaj/BLiIHLcEkBAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944434819379594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土体颗粒级配曲线, figureFileSmall=lVX5ifHLbZ0NJUY1bTXiUg==, figureFileBig=NcVZvOSaj/BLiIHLcEkBAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944434949403028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Compaction curve of silty soil, figureFileSmall=RTTkZE0o9xpFXFQsPzgJbw==, figureFileBig=07DpUPs6DscvfoUrFEAjNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435075232162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图3, caption=粉砂土击实曲线, figureFileSmall=RTTkZE0o9xpFXFQsPzgJbw==, figureFileBig=07DpUPs6DscvfoUrFEAjNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435213644203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Xanthan gum structure formula, figureFileSmall=IMc7npInuxaKN5Co6MrJhQ==, figureFileBig=233TOPvhiisWPG/z8VtByA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435339473328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图4, caption=黄原胶结构式, figureFileSmall=IMc7npInuxaKN5Co6MrJhQ==, figureFileBig=233TOPvhiisWPG/z8VtByA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435465302455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=XRD pattern of lignin fiber, figureFileSmall=OYX4Q19UcMDRbyAFlLY1HA==, figureFileBig=6wx/OcsuSlB4Y/Kmo9B3iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435540799932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图5, caption=木质素纤维XRD衍射谱图, figureFileSmall=OYX4Q19UcMDRbyAFlLY1HA==, figureFileBig=6wx/OcsuSlB4Y/Kmo9B3iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435607908803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Test apparatus, figureFileSmall=akmQs9iJYtDqS2VGcCsWYQ==, figureFileBig=HxSD2lOuCRF/TSZuZdWd4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435763098062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图6, caption=试验仪器, figureFileSmall=akmQs9iJYtDqS2VGcCsWYQ==, figureFileBig=HxSD2lOuCRF/TSZuZdWd4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944435876344273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Test preparation process, figureFileSmall=QECk1a4vv2v5AyB2rWaaNw==, figureFileBig=QOv7y1t6oef+2tKsTNenoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436044116438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图7, caption=试件制备流程, figureFileSmall=QECk1a4vv2v5AyB2rWaaNw==, figureFileBig=QOv7y1t6oef+2tKsTNenoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436161556955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Stress-strain curves of XG soil at different curing ages, figureFileSmall=PhpcuSdVz+tcsFmITj0DCw==, figureFileBig=HhSv/npRUl7LhqOLwQKzzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436266414562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同养护龄期XG土体应力-应变曲线, figureFileSmall=PhpcuSdVz+tcsFmITj0DCw==, figureFileBig=HhSv/npRUl7LhqOLwQKzzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436333523432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of XG content on soil strength, figureFileSmall=P2eSN/BXzZKF5WCE8E8sFw==, figureFileBig=I/j0sV2hHELRBYXt5zGXcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436438381039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图9, caption=XG含量对土体强度的影响, figureFileSmall=P2eSN/BXzZKF5WCE8E8sFw==, figureFileBig=I/j0sV2hHELRBYXt5zGXcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436576793078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of curing age on compressive strength of XG soil, figureFileSmall=LABsqjpuUaH0UdE8NwgQ8w==, figureFileBig=BNk/GHkk8xiGLEqmgViN7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436706816510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图10, caption=养护龄期对XG土体抗压强度的影响

qu为土体强度;T为养护龄期

, figureFileSmall=LABsqjpuUaH0UdE8NwgQ8w==, figureFileBig=BNk/GHkk8xiGLEqmgViN7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944436820062724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Stress-strain curves of LF soil at different curing ages, figureFileSmall=h5cwMTRSQmY9SKnttmDuAw==, figureFileBig=YBHa+Np/929QTt9l9ime0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438195794441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同养护龄期LF土体应力-应变曲线, figureFileSmall=h5cwMTRSQmY9SKnttmDuAw==, figureFileBig=YBHa+Np/929QTt9l9ime0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438334206484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Effect of LF content on soil strength, figureFileSmall=rK2V8oPNz7Y2qBGW6aaeGA==, figureFileBig=3v5vaZsso61Ii+qUb0kJcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438434869786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图12, caption=LF含量对土体强度的影响

qu为土体强度;M为LF含量

, figureFileSmall=rK2V8oPNz7Y2qBGW6aaeGA==, figureFileBig=3v5vaZsso61Ii+qUb0kJcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438598447654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Effect of curing age on compressive strength of LF soil, figureFileSmall=vWMvKOgSPZ61ecuvwll4jA==, figureFileBig=/VE6SfwUrE1AS0q3d8GmIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438720082478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图13, caption=养护龄期对LF土体抗压强度的影响, figureFileSmall=vWMvKOgSPZ61ecuvwll4jA==, figureFileBig=/VE6SfwUrE1AS0q3d8GmIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438845911604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Stress-strain curve of composite improved soil at 14 d curing age, figureFileSmall=NIclv1X4agjuT/tWz9u2cA==, figureFileBig=wueswkpyXs0I4olQXQgN8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944438954963511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图14, caption=复合改良土在养护龄期14 d应力-应变曲线, figureFileSmall=NIclv1X4agjuT/tWz9u2cA==, figureFileBig=wueswkpyXs0I4olQXQgN8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944439131124282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Strength change curve of composite improved soil with curing age, figureFileSmall=MyrK/udSlybtiqBSpjSMIg==, figureFileBig=Y8ys3rg599KYcLqAbYvGaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944439298896450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=图15, caption=复合改良土随养护龄期强度变化曲线

qu为土体强度;T为养护龄期

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Physical and mechanical parameters of soil for testing

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塑限/
%
液限/
%
塑性指
Ip
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
压缩系数
/MPa-1
渗透系数
10.3 15.4 5.1 6.7 12.3 0.31 7.2×10-5~
7.5×10-5
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试验用土物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
塑限/
%
液限/
%
塑性指
Ip
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦
角/(°)
压缩系数
/MPa-1
渗透系数
10.3 15.4 5.1 6.7 12.3 0.31 7.2×10-5~
7.5×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440167117423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical parameters of xanthan gum

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分子量 黏度/
(Pa·s)
灰分/
%
熔点/
水溶性 pH耐受
范围
250×104~
650×104
0.8~1.0 16.0 64.4 中性 1~11
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440271975024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

黄原胶物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分子量 黏度/
(Pa·s)
灰分/
%
熔点/
水溶性 pH耐受
范围
250×104~
650×104
0.8~1.0 16.0 64.4 中性 1~11
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440360055411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Lignin fiber physical parameters

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长度/mm 比热/
(MJ·m-3·K-1)
导热系数/
(W·m-1·K-1)
密度/
(g·cm-3)
熔点/
抗酸
碱性
0.5~2 0.3~0.5 0.09~0.12 1.5 260
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440494273145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

木质素纤维物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
长度/mm 比热/
(MJ·m-3·K-1)
导热系数/
(W·m-1·K-1)
密度/
(g·cm-3)
熔点/
抗酸
碱性
0.5~2 0.3~0.5 0.09~0.12 1.5 260
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440590742138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

FEI Quanta250 instrument parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电压/kV 束流/nA 放大倍数 重复精
度/μm
换样时
间/s
25 200 0.8×103~3.0×103 2 150
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440716571263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

FEI Quanta250仪器参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电压/kV 束流/nA 放大倍数 重复精
度/μm
换样时
间/s
25 200 0.8×103~3.0×103 2 150
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440808845957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of strength improvement of composite improved soil compared with plain soil in different curing ages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LF/% XG/% 不同养护龄期(单位:d)下抗压强度/kPa
1 7 14 28
0 0 60.79 67.14 72.20 80.39
1.0 83.53 106.60 127.30 164.30
1.0 1.5 88.13 116.20 136.10 182.10
2.0 110.50 136.30 171.40 252.20
2.5 95.47 123.10 150.40 215.80
1.0 89.11 124.00 159.70 222.80
3.0 1.5 95.79 134.30 179.10 255.00
2.0 107.80 154.90 207.20 296.50
2.5 128.40 182.20 229.10 323.40
1.0 88.76 111.10 130.60 182.10
5.0 1.5 98.72 131.20 159.80 211.00
2.0 125.20 152.60 198.10 272.10
2.5 111.40 137.60 176.50 255.30
), ArticleFig(id=1225944440909509257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949463160938705, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

复合改良土在不同养护龄期内较素土强度提升结果

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LF/% XG/% 不同养护龄期(单位:d)下抗压强度/kPa
1 7 14 28
0 0 60.79 67.14 72.20 80.39
1.0 83.53 106.60 127.30 164.30
1.0 1.5 88.13 116.20 136.10 182.10
2.0 110.50 136.30 171.40 252.20
2.5 95.47 123.10 150.40 215.80
1.0 89.11 124.00 159.70 222.80
3.0 1.5 95.79 134.30 179.10 255.00
2.0 107.80 154.90 207.20 296.50
2.5 128.40 182.20 229.10 323.40
1.0 88.76 111.10 130.60 182.10
5.0 1.5 98.72 131.20 159.80 211.00
2.0 125.20 152.60 198.10 272.10
2.5 111.40 137.60 176.50 255.30
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黄原胶和木质素纤维改良粉砂土抗压强度特性及微观机理分析
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王浩 , 付德伟 , 郭剑波 , 晏田田 , 宋昊明
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(4): 1602-1612
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(4): 1602-1612
黄原胶和木质素纤维改良粉砂土抗压强度特性及微观机理分析
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王浩 , 付德伟, 郭剑波, 晏田田, 宋昊明
作者信息
  • 河南大学建筑工程学院, 开封 475004
  • 王浩(1986—),男,汉族,河南开封人,博士,副教授。研究方向:特殊土工程地质。E-mail:

Analysis of Compressive Strength Characteristics and Microscopic Mechanism of Silty Soil Improved by Xanthan Gum and Lignin Fiber
Hao WANG , De-wei FU, Jian-bo GUO, Tian-tian YAN, Hao-ming SONG
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309491
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为改良黄泛区粉砂土强度低、易变形,黏结能力差的工程特性,采用力学测试和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM),对加入不同含量的黄原胶(xanthan gum,XG)、木质素纤维(lignin fiber,LF)和养护龄期作用下的力学性能和改良机理进行研究。结果表明:XG和LF作为改良材料均可提高粉砂土的抗压强度;XG掺量的增加,粉砂土抗压强度呈现先增大后减小趋势;LF含量的提高,粉砂土的抗压强度随之增大,过量地加入LF会削弱改良效果;当在粉砂土中同时加入两者材料,粉砂土的抗压强度较单独添加其中1种材料都有不同程度的提高;XG遇水产生高黏性凝胶,松散的粉砂土被紧紧胶结在一起,土体强度得到提高;LF内部含有大分子集团,与周围土颗粒形成空间网状结构,加强了土体间的联合力。研究成果可为黄泛区粉砂土路基改良工程提供参考性数值。
粉砂土  /  改良  /  抗压强度  /  黄原胶(XG)  /  木质素纤维(LF)  /  微观结构

In order to improve the engineering characteristics of silty soil in yellow plain area with low strength, easy deformation and poor bonding ability, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to add different contents of xanthan gum(XG), The mechanical properties and improvement mechanism of XG, lignin fiber (LF) and curing age were studied. The results show that both XG and LF as improved materials can increase the compressive strength of silty sand. With the increase of XG content, the compressive strength of silty sand first increases and then decreases. With the increase of LF content, the compressive strength of silt will increase, and the improvement effect will be weakened by adding too much LF. When the two materials are added to the silt simultaneously, the compressive strength of the silt is higher than that of one material alone. XG produces high viscosity gel when it encounters water, the loose silty soil is tightly cemented together, and the strength of the soil is improved. LF contains large molecular groups, forming a spatial network structure with surrounding soil particles, which strengthens the joint force between soils. The research results can provide reference values for the silty soil subgrade improvement project in the yellow plain area.

silty soil  /  modification  /  compressive strength  /  xanthan gum(XG)  /  lignin fiber(LF)  /  microstructure
王浩, 付德伟, 郭剑波, 晏田田, 宋昊明. 黄原胶和木质素纤维改良粉砂土抗压强度特性及微观机理分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1602 -1612 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309491
Hao WANG, De-wei FU, Jian-bo GUO, Tian-tian YAN, Hao-ming SONG. Analysis of Compressive Strength Characteristics and Microscopic Mechanism of Silty Soil Improved by Xanthan Gum and Lignin Fiber[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1602 -1612 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309491
黄河是中国北部大河,流经9个省区,全长5 464 km,流域面积约752 443 km2,其在历史上进行6次改道。抗战时期,南京国民政府将郑州花园口大堤掘开,从而形成长约400 km,宽30~80 km的黄河泛滥区域${{}^{[1-2]}}^{。}$长达近9年的黄泛灾害,豫东、豫中地区泥沙堆积严重,吞没大量农田用地,导致这些地区形成软弱地基层[3]。开封及周边区域属于黄泛区,其土质以粉土及粉砂土为主,这类土质较松散、颗粒间联结强度低、黏聚力差,承载能力低。路基工程和多高层建筑需要对地基进行加固,研究一种高效且低廉改良土质方法至关重要。
生物聚合物作为一种新型改良土体材料,因其低碳环保、改良效果良好等优点,被广泛应用于土体改良领域。黄原胶(xanthan gum,XG)是可持续发展环保添加剂,是生物聚合物的一种。XG优点是抗氧化、抗酶解,能在较宽酸碱(pH为1~11)具有较高稳定性。XG特性为假塑性,在低浓度下可以具有较强的稳定性[4],研究表明,由于其材料性质的优势,XG逐渐成为岩土工程中的一种有机黏合剂[5]。关于添加XG对不同土质的影响,Rashid等[6]在红土中添加XG,在28 d内显著提高了土壤强度,且含量为1.5%时效果最显著。Weng等[7]在红黏土中加入XG,在1.5%掺量和28 d养护龄期,土体抗压强度提升93.91%,XG有效提升了红黏土的宏观力学性能。王天亮等[8]在膨胀土中加入XG,其无侧限抗压强度(unconfined compression strength,UCS)提升104.20%。周天宝等[9]研究发现,以XG作为生物聚合物改良西北地区粉土,黄原胶起到极强的胶结作用,土体强度得到提升。
木质素纤维(lignin fiber,LF)作为造纸和生物燃料工业副产品,价格低、来源广,具有环保经济、优良柔韧性的优点[10-11],其作为环境友好、绿色的材料符合生态文明建设的当今时代主题。Gao等[12]对黄土进行改良,发现纤维掺小于1%,黄土UCS增长速率最快。刘松玉等[13]、张涛等[14]采用LF分别改良黏土和粉土,发现其主要通过胶结作用、离子交换、填充土体孔隙等方面对土体进行加固。朱锐等[15]采用LF对膨胀土进行改良,发现纤维掺量为2%,抗压强度特性较明显。蒋潇伊[16]采用LF对粉质黏土进行力学性能研究,发现纤维掺量为4%时,UCS达到最大值180 kPa,土体强度提高约80%。陈颖辉等[17]采用LF改良云南省膨胀土,发现改良后土体会有更好的破坏韧性。
XG和LF是一种绿色环保可运用于改良土体的非传统材料[18-19],目前针对两者改良黄泛区粉砂土研究甚少。鉴于此,基于无侧限抗压强度试验,考虑XG含量、LF含量、养护龄期的基础上,探讨利用XG和LF对粉砂土进行改良的强度变化规律,通过扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)揭示其改良机理,为XG和LF改良粉砂土的理论研究和工程应用提供一定的参考依据。
试验用土获取于图1的黄河开封段柳园口险工段25处,将采集回土体放置在大号保鲜袋,保存在实验室阴凉通风处。将土样进行烘干、破碎,使用前过2 mm标准土工筛。通过筛析法和乙种密度计法得到图2所示的颗粒级配曲线,曲率系数Cc=3.91,不均匀系数Cu=0.8,判定试验用土为级配不良。通过轻型击实试验,如图3所示,测得土体最优含水率为12.0%,最大干密度为1.80 g/cm3。严格按照《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T 50123—2019)[20]对土体基本物理力学性质进行测试,参数如表1所示。根据《公路土工试验规程》(JTG 3430—2020)[21]相关规定,可以得出该土样属于含砂低液限粉土(MLS,简称粉砂土)。
试验添加XG购于山东省某建材品牌厂工业级材料,为浅褐黄色粉末状固体,是野油菜黄单胞杆菌以碳水化合物为主要原料发酵产生的一种微生物胞外多糖,由D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖、D-葡萄糖醛酸、乙酸和丙酮酸构成的“五糖重复单元”结构聚合体[22],如图4所示,其水溶液仅为1.0%条件下,黏度高达10 500 mPa·s,效果远高于同浓度下的其他胶类。XG二级结构为侧链绕主链骨架反向缠绕,由氢键形成棒状双螺旋结构[23],使其具有较强的耐酸、耐碱、耐热和盐、酶稳定性。XG物理参数如表2所示。
试验添加LF购于山东某建材化工厂,呈白色、灰白色粉末状固体,主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成,作为一种生物质资源,年产量约为1 800亿t,具有碳中和、经济性和易得性的优点。其XRD衍射谱图中如图5所示,LF以C、O、N、H等元素为主,衍射峰值大多存在于30°~40°,LF内部以复杂的有机聚合物为主,不溶于水、弱酸和碱性溶液,有轻微芳香气味,pH呈中性,无毒性[11],其物理参数如表3所示。
为研究XG-LF改良土体的力学特征演变规律,对土体在外加剂、掺量、养护龄期作用后无侧限抗压强度进行测试。本次试验样品由4大组完成,分别为素土、单掺XG、单掺LF、复合改良土(XG+LF)。试样制备中,以干土质量为基准,设置XG含量为0、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%,LF含量为0、1.0%、3.0%、5.0%,控制试样的含水率为12%,干密度控制在1.80 g/cm3。因此,所需干土和水的质量分别为172.82 g和20.74 g,XG质量分别为1.73、2.59、3.46、4.32 g,LF质量分别为1.73、5.18、8.64 g。采用南京宁曦土壤仪器公司生产TSZ-10型全自动三轴仪,如图6(a)所示,其垂直载荷测力范围0~1 000N,位移测量范围为0~30 mm,荷载加载速率为0.8 mm/min。
为研究XG-LF改良土体微观结构的演化规律,采用扫描电镜对试样在镀膜的基础上,通过抽真空环境下成像观察。采用环境扫描电子显微镜(FEI Quanta250),如图6(a)所示,产自荷兰,该仪器是显微镜及图像分析仪器的一种,运用二次电子信号成像原理,仪器的最高腔内真空2 kPa以下。在试样过程中微观扫描电子显微镜的测试参数如表4所示。
在试样制备过程中,如图7所示,采用干法拌合制样,首先称取所需质量的干土、水、XG和LF,将XG或LF与较低含水率的干土拌合,加水至指定含水率,闷料24 h使其充分溶解,使用圆柱形底部直径39.1 mm,高度80 mm标准模具,每次击实锤敲击27下,层间进行刮毛,共分为3次均匀加土进行击实制样,用抹刀对试件的顶面和底面进行修整,以避免测试中出现应力分布不均匀情况[24]。接着将试件放入标准养护室[(20±3) ℃,相对湿度≥95%]养护,养护时间为1、7、14、28 d,最后将4组试样进行室内力学性能试验,观察并记录每组试样的UCS。为排除偶然性因素的影响,试件每组做3个平行样,样品共计240个。
图8为用XG处理土体在养护龄期7 d和28 d时的应力-应变曲线。可以看出,试样的轴向应力呈倒“V”形趋势,即随着轴向应变的增加,轴向应力先增大后减小。在曲线上升阶段,XG土体和粉砂土的强度增长趋势相似。但随着XG含量的增加,改良土体达到峰值应力的时间逐渐延长,土体的峰值应力先增大后减少。在曲线下降阶段,随着XG含量的增加,土体表现出大于素土的残余强度,说明XG对土体强度有提升效果,同时,养护龄期的增加导致土体延性略有降低。如图9所示,在7 d养护龄期内,对照组(粉砂土)UCS为67.14 kPa,掺入XG含量1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%的UCS为83.86、95.28、120.50、110.20 kPa,分别增加了24.90%,41.91%,78.48%,64.13%。在28d的养护龄期内,粉砂土的强度为80.39 kPa,1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%含量的XG土体强度为114.3、142.7、181.1、165.7 kPa,分别增加了42.18%、77.51%、125.28%、106.12%。
图10(a)所示,随着养护龄期的增加,试样的抗压强度qu有不同程度的提高,XG土体的抗压强度均显著大于粉砂土。各养护龄期下,1.0%XG土体强度随养护龄期增加幅度较小,斜率为1.58,2.0%XG土体强度增加幅度最大,斜率为3.03。1.0%XG、1.5%XG在养护龄期1、7、14 d时,抗压强度变化差异不大,养护14 d后强度值变化较明显。如图10(a)所示,随着养护龄期的增加,XG土体抗压强度逐渐增大,在养护14 d后强度迅速提高。对照组(粉砂土)在1~28 d养护龄期内抗压强度增量为19.6 kPa,2.0%XG在1~28 d内达到82.97 kPa,且2.0%XG土体在养护1、7、14、28 d后,抗压强度分别较粉砂土提高37.34、53.36、70.50、100.71 kPa。结果表明,XG土体在养护龄期14 d内逐渐出现固结现象,并且在14~28 d迅速增长。
相较于土体颗粒,XG粉末尺寸粒径更小,加入XG后,土颗粒间空隙能够有效被填充,土颗粒排列紧密、大孔隙数量与尺寸减少,土体的密实度得到提升,从而出现显著土壤改良效果[25]。当XG含量超过2.0%,过量的XG单体会吸附水分,在粉砂土中形成较大的胶结团块并填充于土颗粒的孔隙空间,增加局部颗粒之间的连接,因此,试件在受力变形过程中会形成局部薄弱点,土体强度出现衰减。故较高掺量的XG土体强度较2.0%XG土体强度下降,存在最优掺量使得土体改良效果最好。
图11为用LF处理土体在养护龄期7 d和28 d时的应力-应变曲线。可以看出,随着轴向应变的增加,土体的轴向应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在同一养护龄期内,LF土体的强度均高于粉砂土。在曲线上升阶段,改良土表现出快速上升的趋势,而素土上升较缓慢。在曲线下降阶段,素土下降较缓慢,改良土急速下降并表现出脆性破坏现象。
图12所示,在7 d养护龄期,对照组素土的无侧限抗压强度为67.14 kPa,掺入LF含量为1.0%,3.0%,5.0%的土体抗压强度分别为98.72、111.7、105.1 kPa,分别较同龄期素土增加了47.03%、66.37%、56.54%。在28 d养护龄期,粉砂土的强度为80.39 kPa,LF含量1.0%、3.0%、5.0%的土体强度为152.7、193.2、168.4 kPa,分别增加了89.95%、140.32%、109.48%。
图13(a)为不同养护龄期对LF土体强度的影响模式。素土和LF土体的抗压强度随养护龄期的增加而增大,LF掺量为3.0%、养护28 d时,土体抗压强度最大,为193.2 kPa。各养护龄期下,1.0%LF土体强度随养护龄期增加幅度较小,斜率为2.59,3.0%LF土体强度增加幅度最大,斜率为3.82。1.0%LF、3.0%LF在养护龄期1、7 d时,强度变化差异不大,养护7 d后强度值变化较明显。图13(a),改良土的强度随着养护龄期的增加较明显,在1~28 d的养护期内,素土增量为19.60 kPa,LF土体强度在相应龄期内增量为102.33 kPa。此外,与素土相比较,3.0%LF土体在养护龄期1、7、14、28 d后强度分别增加了30.08、44.56、68.00、112.81 kPa。结果表明,土体掺入LF后在7 d内进行固结,固结完成后,土体形成致密结构,骨架结构的强度提高,从而使强度增大。
LF是天然可再生的有机絮状纤维物质,具有良好的柔韧性,与水混合后会形成网状三维结构,能够有效提高土体的强度。在土体中加入LF后,其分子可均匀吸附在粉砂土颗粒表面并产生胶黏性物质,在土体颗粒孔隙起到了支撑和黏结作用,从而在宏观上表现为增强了土体的抗压强度。当LF含量超过3.0%,过量的LF产生的胶黏性物质在填充了土颗粒孔隙基础上仍在增加,土体颗粒受到挤压、间距增大,无法良好的形成稳定骨架结构,土体强度出现衰减。故较高LF掺量的土体强度较3.0%LF出现下降趋势,所以存在最优掺量使得土体改良效果最好。
图14为XG、LF土体在养护龄期14 d应力-应变曲线,随着轴向应变的增大,复合改良土轴向应力呈现先增大后减小趋势。曲线上升阶段,粉砂土率先达到应力峰值,随着XG含量的增加,复合改良土达到峰值应力时间逐渐增加。曲线下降阶段,粉砂土强度下降缓慢,复合改良土表现略快于粉砂土下降趋势,具有一定的延性和较高的残余强度。
图15为复合改良土强度随养护龄期变化曲线,复合改良土随着养护龄期的增加,抗压强度相应增大。由图10图13图15分析可知,在各龄期内,复合改良土的抗压强度较单独添加其中1种材料均有不同程度的提升,且均大于素土。在14 d养护龄期,对照组素土的抗压强度为72.20 kPa,LF,XG=(1.0%,2.0%)、LF,XG=(3.0%,2.5%)、LF,XG=(5.0%,2.0%)土体强度分别为171.4、229.1、198.1 kPa,分别增加了137%、217%、174%。
表5为复合改良土在不同养护龄期内较素土强度提升比率,对于混掺的改良粉砂土,当LF为1.0%时,2.0%XG土体抗压强度最大,当LF为3.0%时,2.5%XG土体抗压强度最大,当LF为5.0%,2.0%XG土体抗压强度最大,且三者强度相比,XG,LF=(2.5%、3.0%)>XG,LF=(2.0%、5.0%)>XG,LF=(2.0%、1.0%)。综上,2.5%XG,3.0%LF,养护龄期为28 d,土体的抗压强度最大,为同龄期素土的4.02倍。
复合改良土强度增强效果较单独掺入其中一种材料有所提升,这是因为XG与LF形成“协同增效作用”,XG吸收水分后会形成悬浮液,LF在土体中处于杂乱均匀分布,两者会形成“纤维-胶结网”,在土体受到竖向荷载时,会起到一定的约束作用,从而限制了位移和变形,土体的抗压强度得到提升。
采用SEM观察XG、LF改良粉砂土机理。选用素土、2.0%XG土体、3.0%LF土体、复合改良土(2.5%XG、3.0%LF),共4种代表性土样,养护28 d后分别放大800倍和3 000倍进行扫描电镜,试验结果如图16所示。图16(a)图16(a)为素土放大后的微观图像,未处理过的土体孔隙较大,且土体排列错落,放大3 000倍后,能看到有贯彻裂缝情况,这是导致土体强度不高的原因。图16(a)图16(a)为2.0%XG土体微观图像。图16(a)中,加入XG,土体空隙被XG基质覆盖,土体颗粒间空隙能够有效被填充,土颗粒排列紧密、大孔隙数量与尺寸相对减少,这与上文XG土体强度增大现象一致。图16(a)中,XG覆盖颗粒表面,松散的粉砂土被紧紧的胶结在一起,增大了土颗粒之间的接触面积,土体强度得到提升。
图16(a)图16(a)为3.0%LF土体的微观图像。图16(a)中,LF能使土颗粒之间无明显边界且存在胶结物质使其联结起来,土体形成稳定、致密结构。图16(a)中,LF内部有大分子集团,与周围土颗粒形成空间网状结构,加强了土体间的联合力,宏观上表现为土体抵抗变形能力得到提高,当LF掺量最优时,增强效果最显著,此时改良土体力学性能最佳。图16(a)图16(a)为复合改良土微观图像,XG接触水后会形成高黏性凝胶,覆盖在土体颗粒外表,起到增大黏性作用。粉砂土颗粒表面存在阳离子,XG分子链上有羧基(—COOH)和羟基(—OH)基团,两者可以形成离子键[26-27],土颗粒间的静电吸附作用远低于离子键作用,提高了土颗粒完整性,表现为土体强度增加。LF的加入,会与XG形成牢固稳定的“纤维-胶结网”桥接作用,在土体中形成空间约束,限制了土颗粒的相对位移,土体的抗压强度得到提升。同时,LF中亲水基团会吸附粉砂土中的部分水分,纤维与土颗粒间的摩擦力能有效阻止土颗粒间的错位与重新排列,“协同增强效果”进一步增强。
图17(a)为对照组素土,其破坏形态沿试块45°剪切面破坏。图17(a)为2.5%XG、3.0%LF土体试块,其破坏形态同样沿着45°剪切面,但相对于素土来说,裂纹特征更加曲折。可以证实,在试块受到竖向荷载发生侧向形变过程中,LF在土颗粒间形成相互交叉的空间网状结构,使土体的整体稳定性增强。同时XG形成的高黏性凝胶会增强土体间的黏性,延缓土体的整体破坏。在试块达到整体破坏形态时,XG、LF与土体颗粒结合紧密处局部抵抗变形能力较强,而抵抗变形能力较弱处的颗粒会逐渐分离,从而形成与素土相比较不规则的裂缝。
针对黄泛区粉砂土地区的基础工程进行室内力学试验,初步获得不同掺量XG、LF随养护龄期下的土体强度变化规律,根据SEM微观电镜扫描试验,对土体颗粒的排列状态、接触关系、孔隙特征进行机理分析,得出以下结论。
(1)XG掺量的增加,土体的抗压强度先增后减,2.0%XG,28 d养护龄期时抗压强度达到最大,为181.1 kPa,是粉砂土的2.25倍;随着LF掺量提高,土体抗压强度随之增大,过量地加入LF会削弱改良效果,3.0%LF,养护龄期28 d,土体抗压强度为193.2 kPa,为素土的2.4倍。
(2)XG和LF同时作为改良材料可以提高黄泛区粉砂土的抗压强度,与单掺XG土体相比,提高了土体的抗压强度,与单掺LF土体相比,提高了土体抗压强度、延性、残余强度。XG含量为2.5%,LF为3.0%,养护龄期28d土体强度最大,为素土的4.02倍。
(3)在粉砂土中同时加入XG和LF,两者会形成牢固稳定“纤维-胶结网”桥接作用,在土体中形成空间约束,限制了土颗粒的相对位移,可显著提高土体抗压强度。
XG与LF作为改良材料可改善黄泛区粉砂土的工程性质。本次研究只提供了增强黄泛区粉砂土强度的一种方法,但施工工艺、成本控制等问题,仍需在未来实际工程中进行系统研究。
  • 河南省科技攻关计划(242102321007)
  • 河南省科技攻关计划(232102321012)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309491
  • 接收时间:2023-11-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-29
  • 修回日期:2024-11-06
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河南省科技攻关计划(242102321007)
河南省科技攻关计划(232102321012)
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    河南大学建筑工程学院, 开封 475004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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