Article(id=1156949366180237912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307489, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695312000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-22, revisedDate=1730736000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823977, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823977, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823977, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823977, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1496, endPage=1502, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949367363031645, articleId=1156949366180237912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Structural Design and Parameter Optimization of Parallel Claw-pole Hybrid Excitation Motor for New Energy Vehicles, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The rapid development of new energy vehicles has made the industry’s requirements for high-performance automotive motors continue to increase. Hybrid excitation motor is a new type of motor. The hybrid excitation motor combines the advantages of permanent magnet excitation and electric excitation, and has excellent regulation and reliability. A parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor structure was proposed. The magnetic circuit of the hybrid excitation motor was optimized by means of parallel axial excitation of permanent magnet and electric excitation device. On this basis, the parametric simulation of the thickness of the claw pole side plate and the large end of the excitation bracket of the motor was carried out respectively, and the average torque of the motor before and after optimization was simulated according to the optimal structure. Finally, the mechanical characteristic curves of the parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor and the permanent magnet synchronous motor were compared and analyzed. The results show that the parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor broadens the operating range of the motor by 17.24% on the basis of maintaining the torque performance, and improves the mechanical properties and adaptability of the hybrid excitation motor.

, correspAuthors=Jiu-sheng BAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-ji WEI, Qi-kang WU, Jiu-sheng BAO, Qing-qing YAN, Song WANG, Yan-wei SUI, Fu-xiang WEI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949453199462864, articleId=1156949366180237912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=新能源汽车并联爪极式混合励磁电机结构设计及参数优化, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

新能源车辆领域的高速发展,使得行业对高性能车用电机的要求不断提高。混合励磁电机作为一种新型电机,其综合了永磁励磁和电励磁两种励磁方式的优势,具有优异的调控性和可靠性。提出一种并联爪极式混合励磁电机结构,采用永磁体与电励磁装置并联轴向励磁的方式,优化了混合励磁电机磁路。在此基础上,分别对电机爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度等参数化仿真,并根据最优结构仿真优化前后电机平均转矩。最后对比分析了并联爪极式混合励磁电机与永磁同步电机的机械特性曲线,结果表明:并联爪极式混合励磁电机在保有转矩性能的基础上,电机的运行范围拓宽了17.24%,提高了混合励磁电机的力学性能和适应性。

, correspAuthors=鲍久圣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*鲍久圣(1979—),男,汉族,安徽桐城人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:矿山运输及其智能化。E-mail:
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魏春基(1998—),男,汉族,新疆昌吉人,硕士研究生。研究方向:矿山智能运输。E-mail:

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魏春基(1998—),男,汉族,新疆昌吉人,硕士研究生。研究方向:矿山智能运输。E-mail:

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魏春基(1998—),男,汉族,新疆昌吉人,硕士研究生。研究方向:矿山智能运输。E-mail:

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Fmag为永磁磁势;Fi为电励磁磁势;Rmag为永磁磁阻;Riron为铁芯磁阻

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Initial size of parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor

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参数 数值 参数 数值
槽数 12 气隙距离/mm 0.5
极数 10 爪极外径/mm 105
定子外径/mm 170 爪极内径/mm 20
定子内径/mm 106 爪极角/(°) 33
永磁体厚/mm 25 爪极厚度/mm 13
叠厚/mm 80 侧板厚度/mm 8
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并联爪极式混合励磁电机初始尺寸

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参数 数值 参数 数值
槽数 12 气隙距离/mm 0.5
极数 10 爪极外径/mm 105
定子外径/mm 170 爪极内径/mm 20
定子内径/mm 106 爪极角/(°) 33
永磁体厚/mm 25 爪极厚度/mm 13
叠厚/mm 80 侧板厚度/mm 8
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Comparison of parameters before and after optimization

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参数 优化后 优化前
爪极角/(°) 25 33
爪极厚度/mm 8 12
侧板厚度/mm 11.5 8
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优化前后参数对比

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参数 优化后 优化前
爪极角/(°) 25 33
爪极厚度/mm 8 12
侧板厚度/mm 11.5 8
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新能源汽车并联爪极式混合励磁电机结构设计及参数优化
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魏春基 1 , 吴杞康 1 , 鲍久圣 1, * , 闫晴晴 2 , 王松 2 , 隋艳伟 3 , 委福祥 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(4): 1496-1502
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(4): 1496-1502
新能源汽车并联爪极式混合励磁电机结构设计及参数优化
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魏春基1 , 吴杞康1, 鲍久圣1, * , 闫晴晴2, 王松2, 隋艳伟3, 委福祥3
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学机电工程学院, 徐州 221116
  • 2 江苏淮海新能源股份有限公司, 徐州 221100
  • 3 中国矿业大学材料与物理学院, 徐州 221116
  • 魏春基(1998—),男,汉族,新疆昌吉人,硕士研究生。研究方向:矿山智能运输。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*鲍久圣(1979—),男,汉族,安徽桐城人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:矿山运输及其智能化。E-mail:
Structural Design and Parameter Optimization of Parallel Claw-pole Hybrid Excitation Motor for New Energy Vehicles
Chun-ji WEI1 , Qi-kang WU1, Jiu-sheng BAO1, * , Qing-qing YAN2, Song WANG2, Yan-wei SUI3, Fu-xiang WEI3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 2 Jiangsu Huaihai New Energy Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221100, China
  • 3 School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307489
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新能源车辆领域的高速发展,使得行业对高性能车用电机的要求不断提高。混合励磁电机作为一种新型电机,其综合了永磁励磁和电励磁两种励磁方式的优势,具有优异的调控性和可靠性。提出一种并联爪极式混合励磁电机结构,采用永磁体与电励磁装置并联轴向励磁的方式,优化了混合励磁电机磁路。在此基础上,分别对电机爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度等参数化仿真,并根据最优结构仿真优化前后电机平均转矩。最后对比分析了并联爪极式混合励磁电机与永磁同步电机的机械特性曲线,结果表明:并联爪极式混合励磁电机在保有转矩性能的基础上,电机的运行范围拓宽了17.24%,提高了混合励磁电机的力学性能和适应性。

新能源汽车  /  混合励磁  /  爪极电机  /  优化设计

The rapid development of new energy vehicles has made the industry’s requirements for high-performance automotive motors continue to increase. Hybrid excitation motor is a new type of motor. The hybrid excitation motor combines the advantages of permanent magnet excitation and electric excitation, and has excellent regulation and reliability. A parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor structure was proposed. The magnetic circuit of the hybrid excitation motor was optimized by means of parallel axial excitation of permanent magnet and electric excitation device. On this basis, the parametric simulation of the thickness of the claw pole side plate and the large end of the excitation bracket of the motor was carried out respectively, and the average torque of the motor before and after optimization was simulated according to the optimal structure. Finally, the mechanical characteristic curves of the parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor and the permanent magnet synchronous motor were compared and analyzed. The results show that the parallel claw-pole hybrid excitation motor broadens the operating range of the motor by 17.24% on the basis of maintaining the torque performance, and improves the mechanical properties and adaptability of the hybrid excitation motor.

new energy vehicles  /  hybrid excitation  /  claw pole motor  /  optimized design
魏春基, 吴杞康, 鲍久圣, 闫晴晴, 王松, 隋艳伟, 委福祥. 新能源汽车并联爪极式混合励磁电机结构设计及参数优化. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1496 -1502 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307489
Chun-ji WEI, Qi-kang WU, Jiu-sheng BAO, Qing-qing YAN, Song WANG, Yan-wei SUI, Fu-xiang WEI. Structural Design and Parameter Optimization of Parallel Claw-pole Hybrid Excitation Motor for New Energy Vehicles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1496 -1502 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307489
近年来,新能源汽车行业发展迅猛,仅2022年一季度,中国新能源车销售量就突破百万辆[1-2]。电机作为新能源车辆的动力装置,其性能是人们关注的重点。20世纪80年代美国学者提出“混合励磁”的概念[3],即在电机内部同时布置电励磁与永磁励磁两种励磁方式,通过永磁磁场与电励磁磁场相互耦合,调节电机气隙磁密,拓宽电机的运行范围。混合励磁电机在永磁电机高磁密、高效率、转矩稳定的基础上,利用可变电励磁电流辅之以调节气隙磁场的能力,适用于制造业、农业、船舶、新能源汽车等行业[4-6]
混合励磁电机同时具有电励磁磁源与永磁励磁磁源[7],根据两种磁源在合成磁路上的等效关系,可分为串联式、并联式和混联式。串联式混合励磁电机是将电励磁磁源与永磁磁源以串联的方式形成磁路,其结构虽然简单,但磁路中电励磁磁源与永磁磁源直接相互作用,易造成永磁体退磁;并联式混合励磁电机是以并联的方式将电励磁磁路与永磁磁路作用在气隙磁场,由于二者拥有相互独立的磁路,可以构成磁路的多种组合方式,也不存在永磁体退磁风险;混联式混合励磁电机是将串联式与并联式结合使用,系统复杂性较大。并联式混合励磁电机以其结构多样性多、安全性强、磁阻较小的特点受到中内外学者研究。欧钰等[8]提出了混合励磁磁悬浮开关磁阻电机转矩建模方法,在考虑磁饱和特性的前提下建立非线性模型,提高了电机模型精度。佟文明等[9]针对并联式混合励磁同步电机提出一种改进的三维等效磁网络模型,通过仿真电机在不同情况下的气隙磁通密度分布,得出精度大幅提高的改进模型。Jiang等[10]根据磁场调制原理,对谐波、磁链和转矩的贡献进行了理论分析,有效集成并联混合励磁和多谐波,提高平均输出转矩和磁链调节能力。Hua等[11]基于定子分区平台对混合励磁电机的串联形式与并联形式进行综合对比,得出在磁通调节和安全性等方面的优势,为混合励磁电机设计提供借鉴。
爪极电机转子结构一般由形似动物握爪的N极爪极和S极爪极组成,为分离式结构,省去了电刷和滑环装置,具有结构简单、易于加工等特点。基于爪极结构,杜飞等[12]分别在直齿爪极的端部布置永磁体和铁齿环,通过运用Ansoft电磁学仿真软件对比传统爪极电机,得出新型爪极提高了高励磁电流下电机的平均转矩,缓解了磁饱和现象。李娜[13]研究了一种爪极混合励磁BSG(belt-driven starter generator)电机,结合三维仿真分别对电机定子、转子、永磁体等部件参数进行优化,提高电机磁通密度,改善电机输出曲线。Li等[14]提出了一种基于爪极的新型混合励磁拓扑结构,分析爪极电机在发电和电动状态下的电压电流输出特性,制作1.5 kW混合励磁电机验证拓扑关系的可行性。
针对小型低功率新能源汽车,设计了一种新型永磁体轴向励磁的并联爪极式混合励磁电机,提出了一种将永磁体套于转轴上,N极爪极与S极爪极分别在永磁体两侧,利用电励磁托架代替S极爪极侧板励磁的新型结构,使永磁体励磁与电励磁形成并联磁路,减少磁路磁阻,调高电机功率密度,避免了永磁体失磁。利用参数化仿真确定了并联爪极式混合励磁电机的主要参数,通过与传统电机对比得出,所提结构具有良好的调磁能力。
并联式混合励磁电机中同时具有永磁磁源和电励磁磁源,这两种励磁源以并联的形式作用于气隙,共同调节气隙磁场[15]。以三相混合励磁电机为例,其电压方程表示为
$\left[\begin{array}{l}{u}_{a}\\ {u}_{b}\\ {u}_{c}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{lll}{r}_{a}& & \\ & {r}_{b}& \\ & & {r}_{c}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}{i}_{a}\\ {i}_{b}\\ {i}_{c}\end{array}\right]+\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{a}\\ {\psi }_{b}\\ {\psi }_{c}\end{array}\right]$
其磁链方程可表示为
$\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{a}\\ {\psi }_{b}\\ {\psi }_{c}\end{array}\right]=\stackrel{-}{L}\left[\begin{array}{l}{i}_{a}\\ {i}_{b}\\ {i}_{c}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{ma}\\ {\psi }_{mb}\\ {\psi }_{mc}\end{array}\right]$
其空载磁链方程可表示为
$\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{ma}\\ {\psi }_{mb}\\ {\psi }_{mc}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{l}{\psi }_{pma}+{L}_{fa}{i}_{f}\\ {\psi }_{pmb}+{L}_{fb}{i}_{f}\\ {\psi }_{pmc}+{L}_{fc}{i}_{f}\end{array}\right]$
式中:uaubuc为三相电压;rarbrc为三相电阻;ΨaΨbΨc为三相磁链;$\stackrel{-}{L}$为电励磁绕组自感;ΨmaΨmbΨmc为三相空载磁链;ΨpmaΨpmbΨpmc为三相空载永磁磁链;LfaLfbLfc为三相绕组与电励磁绕组互感;if为电励磁电流。
其A相空载反电动势可表示为
$E=\frac{\partial {\psi }_{ma}}{\partial t}=N{\omega }_{r}\frac{d\varphi }{d\theta }\approx kN{\omega }_{r}{B}_{z}$
式(4)中:N为电枢绕组匝数;ωr为转子角速度;φ为磁通量;θ为转子旋转角度;Bz为气隙磁密;k为电机结构相关参数。
当混合励磁电机处于稳态运行时,相电压大于反电动势,故电机转子速度可表示为
${\omega }_{r}=\frac{\left|U\right|}{\frac{\partial {\psi }_{ma}}{\partial \theta }}\approx \frac{\left|U\right|}{kN{B}_{z}}$
式(5)中:U为电源电压。
由式(5)可以看出,混合励磁电机在稳态运行时,输出转速与气隙磁感应强度呈反比,通过调节混合励磁电机中电励磁电流,可以控制气隙磁密,进而拓宽电机的转速范围。
并联爪极式混合励磁电机主要由电机定子、永磁体、N极爪极、S极轴套、S极爪极、励磁托架、电励磁绕组和隔磁块组成,如图1所示。其中定子采用集中式绕组,N极爪极、永磁体和S极轴套依次套在轴套上,形成轴向磁路;在转子外表面N极爪极与S极爪极交错沿周向排列,在N极爪极与S极爪极间排列隔磁块,隔离磁场的同时增加整机强度;在S极轴套与S极爪极间布置与定子相对静止的励磁托架与电励磁绕组,励磁托架小端外侧和大端与爪极转子均由间隙隔开,在省去了电刷滑环结构的基础上,使结构紧凑高效。
该电机永磁体在电机轴向励磁,利用爪极结构在转子内部形成空腔以布置励磁托架,励磁托架形成电励磁磁路的同时减小永磁磁路磁阻。电机结构具有磁阻小、永磁体用量少、加工方便、调磁容易等特点。电机初始参数如表1所示。
并联爪极式混合励磁电机转子部分在轴向励磁爪极电机的基础上,在爪极腔部引入直流电励磁。永磁励磁与电励磁在转子中为并联关系,转子磁路图如图2所示。
图2所示的等效磁路图可以看出,气隙磁场由永磁磁势和电励磁磁势共同构成,其中永磁磁势为主磁势,电励磁磁势为辅助磁势,通过调节电励磁电流调节气隙磁场大小。并联爪极式混合励磁电机磁通路径如图3所示。
并联爪极式混合励磁电机有两条路径。永磁路径如红色虚线所示,磁通由N出发,通过N极爪极和主气隙后与定子交互,而后再次穿过主气隙经过S极爪极、侧气隙、励磁托架侧板、侧气隙和S极轴套,最终回到永磁体S极。电励磁路径如绿色虚线所示,磁通由电励磁线圈产生,通过励磁托架小端、N极爪极和主气隙后,与定子交互,而后再次穿过主气隙经过S极爪极和侧气隙,最终回到励磁托架。
并联爪极式混合励磁电机永磁磁路中永磁体在电机转轴上,其加工及装配工艺简单,永磁体磁漏少;电励磁磁路为独立的支路,永磁体没有退磁风险,励磁托架充分利用了爪极腔部空间,提高了电机的功率密度,并省去电刷滑环等装置,降低电机故障率和维修成本。
在对并联爪极式混合励磁电机进行初始化设计后,利用MAXWELL有限元仿真软件对混合励磁电机爪极侧板厚度、爪极厚度和电机叠厚进行三维有限元仿真,并对结果进行分析。
爪极侧板是并联式混合励磁电机两条支路汇集处,其尺寸影响电机电气性能和机械性能。结合电机机械和电气特性,取爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度在区间4~14.5 mm内进行仿真,仿真间隔为1.5 mm,得到电机爪极厚度与其对应的平均转矩间的关系,如图4所示。取大端厚度参数下0°~20°区间的气隙磁感应强度,对比结果如图5所示。
当爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度在4~8.5 mm区间内电机平均转矩呈现出增长趋势,电机转矩由8.3 N·m增长至8.9 N·m;在8.5~14.5 mm区间内,平均转矩在8.9~9.1 N·m内波动,平均转矩变化不大。混合励磁电机气隙磁感应强度随着爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度增加总体上呈现上升状态,但厚度在7 mm以上增幅明显降低,平均增幅小于0.03 T。
爪极厚度是爪极径向最重要的尺寸,其厚度不仅影响着爪极磁密,还决定着爪极腔部的空间。结合爪极强度与电机腔部空间,取区间5.5~14.5 mm内进行仿真,仿真间隔为1.5 mm,分别得到电机爪极厚度与其对应的平均转矩间的关系和电机爪极厚度与气隙磁感应强度间的关系,如图6图7所示。
从仿真结果(图6)可以得出,随着爪极厚度增加,电机平均转矩呈阶梯型下降。爪极厚度为5.5 mm时转矩最大,为10.3 N·m;爪极厚度为13 mm时最小,为8.3 N·m。在8.5、11.5、14.5 mm处有转矩提升,提升幅度均在0.3 N·m。混合励磁电机气隙磁感应强度在爪极侧板厚度7~13 mm变化不明显,变化幅度小于±0.05 T,变化率低于平均值的8%。
爪极角度是并联爪极式混合励磁电机的重要外形参数,其数值决定着转子在周向上各个部件的位置和角度。此外,其还影响电机气隙磁场和转矩。为合理优化爪极角度,首先在22°~34°区间内进行仿真,仿真间隔为2°,分别得到电机爪极角度与其对应的平均转矩间的关系(转矩1)和爪极角度与气隙磁感应强度间的关系,如图8图9所示。根据电机转矩1的极点为中心,对爪极角度在24°~32°进行间隔角度为0.5°的细致化参数仿真,仿真结果如图8中电机转矩2所示。
由爪极角度参数化仿真结果可以看出,转矩1呈马鞍状,对转矩1极点附近进行细致化仿真后得到转矩2。从爪极角度参数化仿真整体来看,爪极角度22°~28°过程中,电机平均转矩先上升后下降,极大值点为25°,对应平均转矩为10.07 N·m;28°~34°过程中电机平均转矩也呈现先上升后下降,极大值点为30.5°,对应平均转矩为10.03 N·m。混合励磁电机气隙磁感应强度随着爪极角增加总体上呈现上升状态,在30°以后气隙磁感应强度增幅大于0.08 T,但波动幅度也随之变大,以角度34°为例,其磁感应强度波动幅度达到0.4 T,影响电机运用平稳性。
在对并联爪极式混合励磁电机进行局部优化后,对其整机长度进行参数优化。取长度80~120 mm,步长为5 mm,仿真不同叠厚下的并联爪极式混合励磁电机,在匝数为1 000匝,电励磁-20~20 A区间内,电机平均转矩的变化规律。
由叠厚参数化仿真转矩图(图10)可知,电励磁电流的主要调节范围为-15~5 A,每个叠厚的电机平均转矩与电励磁电流呈非线性关系,当电励磁电流在-15~0 A变化时,电机平均转矩与电励磁电流近似呈一次函数关系;当电励磁电流在0~5 A变化时,电机平均转矩以近似二次函数的变化到达极大值后,随着电励磁电流增加,电机平均转矩基本保持不变。以叠厚100 mm为例,电励磁电流分别为0、-20、20 A时,混合励磁电机平均转矩为11.37、5、14.44 N·m,电励磁电流对转矩的调节范围为43.98%~127%。
在对初始尺寸进行爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度、爪极厚度、爪极角度优化后,分析优化结果,得出较优的并联爪极式混合励磁电机参数,如表2所示。
设置在电机叠厚为80 mm,仿真转速为2 800 r/min,相电流幅值为150 A,仿真对比并联爪极式混合励磁电机初始尺寸与优化尺寸的磁场分布和电机转矩,如图11图12所示。
图11可知,并联式混合励磁电机磁场分布与设计原理一致。优化后磁饱和现象减少,磁场分布均匀。
图12可知,优化前后并联爪极式混合励磁电机平均转矩在5 A之后接近饱和,优化后电机平均转矩相较优化前有明显提升,最大提升幅度达98.54%,且提升效果随电励磁电流增加而增大。电励磁电流主要调节区间为-15~5 A,在电励磁电流为-15 A时,优化后电机平均转矩为3.56 N·m,相较优化前2.26 N·m提升了57.56%;在电励磁电流为5A时,优化后电机平均转矩为12.72 N·m,相较优化前6.66 N·m提升了90.99%。
在对并联爪极式混合励磁电机进行结构优化后,将性能提升后的并联爪极式混合励磁电机与同功率4 kW的永磁同步电机进行对比,绘制两种电机的电机机械特性曲线,分析二者在恒转矩区与恒功率区的特性。两种电机的机械特性图如图13所示。
由两种电机的机械特性图(图13)可以看出,永磁同步电机在3 000 r/min之前为恒转矩区,电机转矩为12.17 N·m,3 000 r/min之后为恒功率区,且极限转速约为5 800 r/min。
并联爪极式混合励磁电机的机械特性曲线随着电励磁电流的变化而变化。在电励磁电流为0 A时,混合励磁机械特性曲线与永磁电机相似,但整体输出性能弱于永磁电机;在电励磁电流为3 A时,混合励磁电机在4 200 r/min之前为恒转矩区,恒转矩区范围大于永磁同步电机,电机转矩为11.65 N·m,与永磁同步电机转矩相近,且混合励磁电机极限转速为6 200 r/min,大于永磁同步电机的极限转速;在电励磁电流为6 A时,混合励磁电机恒转矩区进一步扩大为4 800 r/min,此时混合励磁电机转矩为12.33 N·m,超过永磁同步电机,并且其极限转速得到进一步提升达到6 800 r/min,拓宽了17.24%的电机运行范围。
提出一种并联爪极式混合励磁电机,在对其进行电磁结构及运行原理分析的基础上,分别对电机爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度、爪极厚度、爪极角度和电机叠厚进行参数化优化仿真,并对优化前后电机结构进行对比,最后对比了并联混合励磁电机与永磁同步电机的机械特性。通过分析得出以下结论。
(1)电机平均转矩随着爪极侧板与励磁托架大端厚度的增加、爪极厚度的增加、爪极角度的增加,分别呈现出先增加后饱和的状态、阶梯阶跃形下降和马鞍形;电机转矩随着电机叠厚的增加而近似线性增大,在固定叠厚下,电机平均转矩随着电励磁电流的增加呈现先近似线性增加,而后非线性到达极大值,并最后呈现饱和状态。
(2)对比优化前后电机磁感应强度分布和平均转矩可以得出,优化后磁场分布均匀,电机转矩相较优化前提升90.66%,有效提高了并联爪极式混合励磁电机的性能。
(3)对比同为4 kW的永磁同步电机,在对并联爪极式混合励磁电机分别施加0、3、6 A的电励磁电流后,混合励磁电机在转矩和极限转速方面逐渐接近并超过永磁电机。在电励磁电流为6 A时,并联爪极式混合励磁电机的极限转速相较永磁同步电机提升17.24%,显著拓宽了电机的运行范围。
  • 徐州市重点研发计划资助项目(KC21082)
  • 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307489
  • 接收时间:2023-09-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-22
  • 修回日期:2024-11-05
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徐州市重点研发计划资助项目(KC21082)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
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    1 中国矿业大学机电工程学院, 徐州 221116
    2 江苏淮海新能源股份有限公司, 徐州 221100
    3 中国矿业大学材料与物理学院, 徐州 221116

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*鲍久圣(1979—),男,汉族,安徽桐城人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:矿山运输及其智能化。E-mail:
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