Article(id=1156949365706281556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402779, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713283200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-17, revisedDate=1732636800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823864, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823864, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823864, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823864, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1488, endPage=1495, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949366197015129, articleId=1156949365706281556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Experimental and Simulation of Magneto-shear Mechanical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomer, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, there are fewer studies on the macroscopic mechanical hysteresis model of magnetically controlled smart magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), which is not conducive to the application control of MRE materials. To improve the control effect of MRE materials, an experimental study on MRE’s magnetostrophic shear mechanical properties based on the Bouc-Wen model was conducted. The influence of magnetic field strength on the mechanical parameters of MRE was analyzed. Firstly, with the assistance of Simulink to establish the Bouc-Wen simulation model was established for MRE parameter fitting. Then, the stiffness, damping, and other material parameters were analyzed with the magnetic field strength change rule. Finally, through the experiments, the model validity was examined. The results show that with the increase of magnetic field strength, the parameters of MRE energy storage and energy consumption have different degrees of increase, in which the equivalent stiffness and maximum damping force increase significantly, respectively, increase 210.61%, 205.41%. In the range of 0.5~0.7 T magnetic field parameter growth rate is faster in the range of 0.7~1.0 T growth tends to be saturated. The dynamic mechanical properties of MRE are better described by the Bouc-Wen model, and the maximum error of the characteristic parameters is 4.42%. The research results can provide theoretical and experimental references for the optimal preparation and algorithmic control of MRE materials.

, correspAuthors=Fu-bao JIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rui-ting ZHAO, Fu-bao JIN, Shan-gang MA, Ruo-bing LI, Jia-wei LI, Qiang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949435293978692, articleId=1156949365706281556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=电工技术磁流变弹性体磁致剪切力学性能实验与仿真模拟, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目前关于磁控智能材料磁流变弹性体(magnetorheological elastomer, MRE)宏观力学滞回模型研究较少,不利于MRE材料应用控制。为提高MRE材料控制效果,基于Bouc-Wen模型对MRE磁致剪切力学性能进行实验研究,分析磁场强度对于MRE力学参数的影响。首先借助 Simulink 搭建 Bouc-Wen仿真模型对MRE进行参数拟合;然后分析刚度、阻尼等材料参数随磁场强度变化规律;最后通过实验检验模型有效性。结果表明:随着磁场强度增加,MRE储能与耗能参数均有不同程度的增加,其中等效刚度与最大阻尼力增幅明显,分别提高了210.61%、205.41%;在0.5~0.7 T磁场范围内参数增长速度较快,在0.7~1.0 T范围内增长趋于饱和;采用Bouc-Wen模型对MRE动态力学性能描述效果较好,特征参数最大误差为4.42%。研究成果为MRE材料优化制备与算法控制提供理论与实验参考。, correspAuthors=金福宝, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*金福宝(1981—),男,回族,青海西宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:高电压绝缘防护。E-mail:
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赵瑞婷(1999—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士研究生。研究方向:变压器振动信号故障识别。E-mail:

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赵瑞婷(1999—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士研究生。研究方向:变压器振动信号故障识别。E-mail:

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赵瑞婷(1999—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士研究生。研究方向:变压器振动信号故障识别。E-mail:

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Composites Science and Engineering, 2023(9): 5-12, 20., articleTitle=Dynamic mechanical characterization and model validation of composite rubber-based magnetorheological elastomers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944431891755284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, awardId=51865049, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51865049), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1225944432063721759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, awardId=2020-ZJ-708, language=CN, fundingSource=青海省科技厅基础研究计划(2020-ZJ-708), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944417417212147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944417454960885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, companyId=1225944417417212147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Energy and Electrical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944417488515323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, companyId=1225944417417212147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 青海大学能源与电气工程学院, 西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1225944417664676101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944417702424843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, companyId=1225944417664676101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Songyuan Power Supply Company, Jilin Electric Power Company, Songyuan 138000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944417744367883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, companyId=1225944417664676101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 国家电网吉林省电力有限公司, 松原供电公司, 松原 138000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225944425378001656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Magnetorheological mixtures, figureFileSmall=pHV42QjqtvMx0sSsLknR/Q==, figureFileBig=J//mNHGSCcjcAvqxw+8S/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425499636490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图1, caption=磁流变混合液, figureFileSmall=pHV42QjqtvMx0sSsLknR/Q==, figureFileBig=J//mNHGSCcjcAvqxw+8S/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425675797281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Magnetorheological elastomer, figureFileSmall=HXFIT/mBHLGfxWIZUpM/iw==, figureFileBig=RlikDRqCpbPPgu1o4dPWDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425830986546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图2, caption=磁流变弹性体, figureFileSmall=HXFIT/mBHLGfxWIZUpM/iw==, figureFileBig=RlikDRqCpbPPgu1o4dPWDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425994564422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Stress-displacement hysteresis curves for ideal viscoelastic materials, figureFileSmall=MYTJNYrqoUscw1WCS2M8ng==, figureFileBig=2eDPAK7UNILzz5LSAEnQLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426137170781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图3, caption=理想黏弹性材料应力-位移滞回曲线

Fcmax+Fcmax-为不同方向最大阻尼力;F为磁流变弹性体材料测试过程中的剪切力;u为磁流变弹性体材料测试过程中的位移;+、-分别表示剪切的方向;Keqv为等效刚度;Eloss为耗散能;Fumax+Fumax-为不同方向下剪切位移最大时的输出力;Fl+Fl-为不同方向下循环加载过程中,位移为0时对应的输出力;uc+uc-为不同方向下最大阻尼力对应的剪切位移;uumax+uumax-为不同方向下循环加载下磁流变弹性体最大位移

, figureFileSmall=MYTJNYrqoUscw1WCS2M8ng==, figureFileBig=2eDPAK7UNILzz5LSAEnQLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426267194217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Magnetorheological elastomer dynamic mechanical properties testing system, figureFileSmall=OAWLWVktnTCx/HJVX2fHFg==, figureFileBig=6T+1HvsAyMBuN9XGgpJ0+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426367857525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图4, caption=磁流变弹性体动态力学性能测试系统, figureFileSmall=OAWLWVktnTCx/HJVX2fHFg==, figureFileBig=6T+1HvsAyMBuN9XGgpJ0+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426485298054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Hysteresis curves of MRE at different magnetic field strengths, figureFileSmall=gH61GDP9AjjHvQdh8IItHA==, figureFileBig=vYZqnHOoFFzNEPJNU21+YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426598544275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同磁场强度下的MRE滞回曲线, figureFileSmall=gH61GDP9AjjHvQdh8IItHA==, figureFileBig=vYZqnHOoFFzNEPJNU21+YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426724373404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Calculation results of MRE characterization parameters under different magnetic field strengths, figureFileSmall=Hr0PJsZRL7ntqgLfFGXNvA==, figureFileBig=2d7P68E6uF4uMdU24aYuSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426846008230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同磁场强度下的MRE表征参数计算结果, figureFileSmall=Hr0PJsZRL7ntqgLfFGXNvA==, figureFileBig=2d7P68E6uF4uMdU24aYuSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944426988614586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Dynamic mechanical performance test results of MRE under different magnetic field strengths, figureFileSmall=gFg7/5OJjoni06E7s3m+rA==, figureFileBig=fLIhKy4bnTXzJZT5eQTn+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427219301330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同磁场强度下的MRE动态力学性能测试结果, figureFileSmall=gFg7/5OJjoni06E7s3m+rA==, figureFileBig=fLIhKy4bnTXzJZT5eQTn+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427357713381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Block diagram of the Bouc-Wen model structure, figureFileSmall=rHnyGtuq+hUYccixDGCwkQ==, figureFileBig=U8x/6yX4jSOAWOyudfBMLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427458376694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Bouc-Wen模型结构框图

x为位移;k为刚度系数;α为滞回曲线非线性系数;Anβγ为滞回曲线形状系数,共同决定滞回曲线的形状和大小;F为模型输出力;ABCDHIGZ为中间参数。

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Specimen composition and content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 质量/g
磁性颗粒 羰基铁粉 120
双组分硫化
硅橡胶
A组分胶 15
B组分胶 15
), ArticleFig(id=1225944429534556242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试样组成及其含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 质量/g
磁性颗粒 羰基铁粉 120
双组分硫化
硅橡胶
A组分胶 15
B组分胶 15
), ArticleFig(id=1225944429706522724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Material test parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试条件 数值
法向力/N 9.98
间隙距离/mm 1.013
频率/Hz 1
温度/℃ 25
), ArticleFig(id=1225944429970763891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

材料测试参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试条件 数值
法向力/N 9.98
间隙距离/mm 1.013
频率/Hz 1
温度/℃ 25
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430356639884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Material testing plan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 测试磁场/T 磁性颗粒
含量/%
频率/Hz 幅值/%
1 0 80 1 0.1
2 0.4
3 0.5
4 0.6
5 0.7
6 0.8
7 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430553772192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

材料测试方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 测试磁场/T 磁性颗粒
含量/%
频率/Hz 幅值/%
1 0 80 1 0.1
2 0.4
3 0.5
4 0.6
5 0.7
6 0.8
7 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430742515887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Experimental verification results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加载条件 最大阻尼力/N 储能模量/MPa 损耗模量/MPa
实验组 验证组 误差/% 实验组 验证组 误差 实验组 验证组 误差/%
0.5%应变幅值、1 Hz、0.3 T 0.044 6 0.044 5 0.224 0.14 0.141 0.714 0.013 5 0.013 4 0.740
0.5%应变幅值、1 Hz、0.8 T 0.105 0 0.103 0 1.905 0.35 0.346 1.143 0.034 2 0.034 0 0.585
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430855762108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

实验验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加载条件 最大阻尼力/N 储能模量/MPa 损耗模量/MPa
实验组 验证组 误差/% 实验组 验证组 误差 实验组 验证组 误差/%
0.5%应变幅值、1 Hz、0.3 T 0.044 6 0.044 5 0.224 0.14 0.141 0.714 0.013 5 0.013 4 0.740
0.5%应变幅值、1 Hz、0.8 T 0.105 0 0.103 0 1.905 0.35 0.346 1.143 0.034 2 0.034 0 0.585
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430952231109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Material characteristic parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/T 耗散能/
(N·mm)
损耗模量/
MPa
损耗因子 最大阻
尼力/N
等效刚度/
(N·mm-1)
储能模量/
MPa
0 30.07 0.015 0.081 3 0.037 7.145 0.118
0.4 30.11 0.018 0.103 2 0.055 10.191 0.171
0.5 38.17 0.019 0.103 8 0.063 13.045 0.212
0.6 47.43 0.024 0.106 5 0.078 15.944 0.254
0.7 56.26 0.029 0.108 5 0.085 18.634 0.298
0.8 58.83 0.031 0.109 4 0.103 20.539 0.328
1.0 59.34 0.035 0.109 8 0.113 22.193 0.334
), ArticleFig(id=1225944431103226065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

材料特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/T 耗散能/
(N·mm)
损耗模量/
MPa
损耗因子 最大阻
尼力/N
等效刚度/
(N·mm-1)
储能模量/
MPa
0 30.07 0.015 0.081 3 0.037 7.145 0.118
0.4 30.11 0.018 0.103 2 0.055 10.191 0.171
0.5 38.17 0.019 0.103 8 0.063 13.045 0.212
0.6 47.43 0.024 0.106 5 0.078 15.944 0.254
0.7 56.26 0.029 0.108 5 0.085 18.634 0.298
0.8 58.83 0.031 0.109 4 0.103 20.539 0.328
1.0 59.34 0.035 0.109 8 0.113 22.193 0.334
), ArticleFig(id=1225944431254221021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Parameter identification results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场/T A α β n c γ k
0 0.000 1 0.774 0 1.003 2 0.030 1.003 0.023
0.4 0.060 0 0.581 0 0.962 2 0.036 12.538 0.046
0.5 0.197 0 0.281 0 1.250 2 0.083 10.013 0.110
0.6 0.007 0 0.172 0 3.246 2 0.072 9.193 0.225
0.7 0.000 4 0.155 0 6.378 2 0.035 8.693 0.300
0.8 0.002 7 0.120 0 10.178 2 0.014 7.355 0.420
1.0 0.004 6 0.084 3 19.991 2 0.042 1.726 0.650
), ArticleFig(id=1225944431417798886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

参数识别结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场/T A α β n c γ k
0 0.000 1 0.774 0 1.003 2 0.030 1.003 0.023
0.4 0.060 0 0.581 0 0.962 2 0.036 12.538 0.046
0.5 0.197 0 0.281 0 1.250 2 0.083 10.013 0.110
0.6 0.007 0 0.172 0 3.246 2 0.072 9.193 0.225
0.7 0.000 4 0.155 0 6.378 2 0.035 8.693 0.300
0.8 0.002 7 0.120 0 10.178 2 0.014 7.355 0.420
1.0 0.004 6 0.084 3 19.991 2 0.042 1.726 0.650
), ArticleFig(id=1225944431552016627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Calculation of parameter fitting error

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
幅值/
%
频率/
Hz
参数 最大阻尼力/N
磁场/T 实测 拟合 误差/%
0.1 1 最大阻尼
力/N
0 0.037 22 0.037 78 1.50
0.4 0.054 54 0.054 32 0.40
0.5 0.063 21 0.065 62 3.81
0.6 0.078 20 0.078 47 0.35
0.7 0.084 71 0.083 17 1.85
0.8 0.103 21 0.103 39 0.17
1.0 0.113 41 0.114 08 0.59
等效刚度/
(N·mm-1)
0 7.145 3 7.461 6 4.42
0.4 10.191 4 10.241 4 0.49
0.5 13.045 1 13.526 7 3.69
0.6 15.944 1 16.136 9 1.20
0.7 18.633 8 18.732 9 0.53
0.8 20.539 2 20.772 8 1.14
1.0 22.192 8 22.450 1 1.16
耗散能/
(N·mm)
0 30.071 8 30.661 3 1.96
0.4 30.111 9 30.246 4 0.47
0.5 38.166 5 39.647 8 3.88
0.6 47.434 5 48.232 3 1.68
0.7 56.262 0 56.602 4 0.60
0.8 58.831 6 59.572 1 1.26
), ArticleFig(id=1225944431669457148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365706281556, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

参数拟合误差计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
幅值/
%
频率/
Hz
参数 最大阻尼力/N
磁场/T 实测 拟合 误差/%
0.1 1 最大阻尼
力/N
0 0.037 22 0.037 78 1.50
0.4 0.054 54 0.054 32 0.40
0.5 0.063 21 0.065 62 3.81
0.6 0.078 20 0.078 47 0.35
0.7 0.084 71 0.083 17 1.85
0.8 0.103 21 0.103 39 0.17
1.0 0.113 41 0.114 08 0.59
等效刚度/
(N·mm-1)
0 7.145 3 7.461 6 4.42
0.4 10.191 4 10.241 4 0.49
0.5 13.045 1 13.526 7 3.69
0.6 15.944 1 16.136 9 1.20
0.7 18.633 8 18.732 9 0.53
0.8 20.539 2 20.772 8 1.14
1.0 22.192 8 22.450 1 1.16
耗散能/
(N·mm)
0 30.071 8 30.661 3 1.96
0.4 30.111 9 30.246 4 0.47
0.5 38.166 5 39.647 8 3.88
0.6 47.434 5 48.232 3 1.68
0.7 56.262 0 56.602 4 0.60
0.8 58.831 6 59.572 1 1.26
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电工技术磁流变弹性体磁致剪切力学性能实验与仿真模拟
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赵瑞婷 1 , 金福宝 1, * , 马山刚 1 , 李若冰 2 , 李佳伟 1 , 张强 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(4): 1488-1495
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(4): 1488-1495
电工技术磁流变弹性体磁致剪切力学性能实验与仿真模拟
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赵瑞婷1 , 金福宝1, * , 马山刚1, 李若冰2, 李佳伟1, 张强1
作者信息
  • 1 青海大学能源与电气工程学院, 西宁 810016
  • 2 国家电网吉林省电力有限公司, 松原供电公司, 松原 138000
  • 赵瑞婷(1999—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士研究生。研究方向:变压器振动信号故障识别。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*金福宝(1981—),男,回族,青海西宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:高电压绝缘防护。E-mail:
Experimental and Simulation of Magneto-shear Mechanical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomer
Rui-ting ZHAO1 , Fu-bao JIN1, * , Shan-gang MA1, Ruo-bing LI2, Jia-wei LI1, Qiang ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Energy and Electrical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2 Songyuan Power Supply Company, Jilin Electric Power Company, Songyuan 138000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402779
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目前关于磁控智能材料磁流变弹性体(magnetorheological elastomer, MRE)宏观力学滞回模型研究较少,不利于MRE材料应用控制。为提高MRE材料控制效果,基于Bouc-Wen模型对MRE磁致剪切力学性能进行实验研究,分析磁场强度对于MRE力学参数的影响。首先借助 Simulink 搭建 Bouc-Wen仿真模型对MRE进行参数拟合;然后分析刚度、阻尼等材料参数随磁场强度变化规律;最后通过实验检验模型有效性。结果表明:随着磁场强度增加,MRE储能与耗能参数均有不同程度的增加,其中等效刚度与最大阻尼力增幅明显,分别提高了210.61%、205.41%;在0.5~0.7 T磁场范围内参数增长速度较快,在0.7~1.0 T范围内增长趋于饱和;采用Bouc-Wen模型对MRE动态力学性能描述效果较好,特征参数最大误差为4.42%。研究成果为MRE材料优化制备与算法控制提供理论与实验参考。
磁流变弹性体(MRE)  /  动态力学性能  /  Bouc-Wen模型  /  实验验证

At present, there are fewer studies on the macroscopic mechanical hysteresis model of magnetically controlled smart magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), which is not conducive to the application control of MRE materials. To improve the control effect of MRE materials, an experimental study on MRE’s magnetostrophic shear mechanical properties based on the Bouc-Wen model was conducted. The influence of magnetic field strength on the mechanical parameters of MRE was analyzed. Firstly, with the assistance of Simulink to establish the Bouc-Wen simulation model was established for MRE parameter fitting. Then, the stiffness, damping, and other material parameters were analyzed with the magnetic field strength change rule. Finally, through the experiments, the model validity was examined. The results show that with the increase of magnetic field strength, the parameters of MRE energy storage and energy consumption have different degrees of increase, in which the equivalent stiffness and maximum damping force increase significantly, respectively, increase 210.61%, 205.41%. In the range of 0.5~0.7 T magnetic field parameter growth rate is faster in the range of 0.7~1.0 T growth tends to be saturated. The dynamic mechanical properties of MRE are better described by the Bouc-Wen model, and the maximum error of the characteristic parameters is 4.42%. The research results can provide theoretical and experimental references for the optimal preparation and algorithmic control of MRE materials.

magnetorheological elastomer(MRE)  /  dynamic mechanical properties  /  Bouc-Wen model  /  experimental verification
赵瑞婷, 金福宝, 马山刚, 李若冰, 李佳伟, 张强. 电工技术磁流变弹性体磁致剪切力学性能实验与仿真模拟. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1488 -1495 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402779
Rui-ting ZHAO, Fu-bao JIN, Shan-gang MA, Ruo-bing LI, Jia-wei LI, Qiang ZHANG. Experimental and Simulation of Magneto-shear Mechanical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomer[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1488 -1495 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402779
磁流变弹性体(magnetorheological elastomer,MRE)是一种具有电磁变刚度特性的新型磁控智能材料,由弹性体基体、磁性颗粒和添加剂组成[1]。受到磁性颗粒之间电磁应力的影响,MRE力学性能可以通过外界磁场进行控制。由于具有稳定性强、响应速度快的特点,MRE成为磁流变材料研究的热点,备受振动控制领域青睐[2-4]
目前,针对MRE磁致剪切性能的研究主要集中在微观机理与宏观力学模型分析两个方面。在微观机理方面,主要从磁性颗粒分布的角度,对MRE进行数值分析,分析其磁致变刚度机理。柳彬等[5]考虑了磁性颗粒链之间的相互作用,采用均匀化方法建立了MRE多链模型。Han等[6]考虑了链的形状对MRE力学性能的影响,提出了锯齿排布链状结构的MRE模型。索思等[7]考虑磁性颗粒的实际分布建立了磁性颗粒呈现卡方分布的MRE模型,弥补了各向同性MRE中磁性颗粒“均匀分布”假设的不足。Biller等[8]考虑磁性颗粒的磁性和弹性的相互作用,建立了粒子对的双稳定性的构型。
在宏观力学模型方面,主要将黏弹性模型应用于MRE力学描述过程中。基于Kelvin模型建立了简易的MRE三参数黏弹性模型。居本祥[9]考虑了磁致阻尼,构建MRE四参数模型。Nguyen等[10]分析了基体与颗粒间的相互作用,建立由分数阶黏弹性模型、磁偶极子模型和自适应光滑库仑摩擦模型三部分组成的非线性MRE模型。Nam等[11]研究了加载过程中切线模量变化情况,构建MRE黏弹性参数模型。汪伯潮等[12]基于连续介质力学理论,建立各向同性MRE动态力学本构模型,并通过实验进行验证。
综上可知,目前MRE材料已有丰富的研究成果,MRE宏观模型逐渐替代微观机理成为研究热点,但仅通过构建MRE磁场与模量关系进行振动控制已经无法应对复杂工况下振动控制问题,因此有必要针对MRE滞回模型进行分析,以满足智能算法实时控制的需求。钱文博[13]根据Prandtl-Ishlinskii模型构建了MRE滞回特性模型,模型准确性较好,但算子数量较大,计算时间较长,不利于实际应用。王鹏等[14]将广泛应用于阻尼器的Bouc-Wen模型应用于天然硅橡胶基MRE力学模型中,不仅吻合效果较好,而且有效降低了计算时长。马乾瑛等[15]在此基础上补充了应变、频率等因素对于MRE力学模型的影响,但受到设备等因素限制,测试磁场范围较小,未对各力学表征参数的磁场变化规律进一步分析。
鉴于此,基于Bouc-Wen滞回模型,对加成型高温硫化硅橡胶基MRE进行磁致剪切滞回模型研究。首先制备MRE材料,对其进行动态力学性能测试;然后借助Simulink搭建Bouc-Wen模型,根据测试结果对MRE进行参数拟合,分析力学参数随磁场变化规律,建立刚度参数与磁场强度的关系;最后通过实验检验模型的有效性。为MRE应用控制提供实验参考。
磁流变弹性体材料主要由基体与磁性颗粒两部分构成,其中基体材料选用由中蓝晨光化工研究设计有限公司生产的牌号为R-6040N双室高温硫化液态硅橡胶,磁性颗粒选用由天一超细金属粉末有限公司生产的牌号为MRF-R55羰基铁粉。
制备过程中,首先将等质量A、B胶混合搅拌,其次少量多次加入铁粉继续搅拌获得磁流变混合液如图1所示,然后对其施加外界磁场进行预结构处理,使其内部磁性颗粒呈现链状分布,增强其磁致力学性能,最后对处理后的混合液进行高温硫化获得磁流变弹性体试样,如图2所示,制备所需各个成分配比如表1所示。
基于黏弹性理论选取多个力学表征参数,对MRE磁致力学性能进行描述,如图3所示。
最大阻尼力Fcmax的计算公式为
${F}_{cmax}=\frac{\left|{F}_{cmax+}\right|+\left|{F}_{cmax-}\right|}{2}$
式(1)中:Fcmax+Fcmax-为循环加载下磁流变弹性体不同方向下最大应力。
等效刚度Keqv的计算公式为
${K}_{eqv}=\frac{\left|{F}_{umax+}\right|+\left|{F}_{umax-}\right|}{\left|{u}_{umax+}\right|+\left|{u}_{umax-}\right|}$
式(2)中:Fumax+Fumax-为不同方向下磁流变弹性体位移最大时的输出力;uumax+uumax-为不同方向下循环加载下磁流变弹性体最大位移。
储能模量E1的计算公式为
${E}_{1}=\frac{{F}_{umax+}ℎ}{i{u}_{umax+}A\text{'}}$
式(3)中:i为磁流变弹性体层数;h为磁流变弹性体的厚度;A'为磁流变弹性体截面积。
损耗模量E2的计算公式为
${E}_{2}=\eta {E}_{1}=\frac{{F}_{l+}{E}_{1}}{{F}_{umax+}}$
式(4)中:η为磁流变弹性体损耗因子;Fl+为正方向剪切加载时,位移为0时对应输出力。
耗散能Eloss的计算公式为
${E}_{loss}=\pi {K}_{l}{u}_{umax+}^{2}=\pi \eta \frac{iA\text{'}{E}_{1}}{ℎ}{u}_{umax+}^{2}$
式(5)中:Kl为磁流变弹性体耗能刚度。
通过对磁流变弹性体进行动态力学性能测试,计算力学表征参数,为参数拟合提供数据支撑。图4为MRE力学性能测试系统,主要由旋转流变仪、电磁检测配件、计算机以及MRE构成,通过调节电磁配件电流输入改变MRE区域磁场强度,实现不同磁场强度下,MRE动态力学性能测试,其中旋转流变仪由奥地利安东帕公司生产,型号为MCR 301,MRE试样为直径20 mm,厚度为1 mm圆片。实验测试过程中首先将MRE放置于平板上,然后调节轴承与平板间间隙距离,避免MRE在测试过程发生滑移,然后改变励磁电流产生实验磁场,最后借助Physica软件设置测试参数进行剪切震荡测试,测试参数如表2所示。
旋转流变仪配有电磁组件,通过改变磁流变仪电流输入实现磁场强度调节。磁场强度分别设置为0、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、1 T,在匀强磁场下,使空气轴承保持恒定速率进行剪切测试,其中剪切频率为1 Hz,剪切幅值为0.1%,测试方案如表3所示。
通过实验测试外加磁场强度对MRE动态力学性能的影响,分析特征参数磁场强度变化规律。在测试过程中保证材料应变幅值与加载频率保持不变,其中应变幅值为0.1%,加载频率为1 Hz,分别在不同磁场强度条件下进行测试,所选测试磁场强度分别为0、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、1.0 T,为保证测试结果的准确性,降低环境对实验结果造成的影响,每个试样循环加载5个周期取其平均数据作为最终结果,并选取同批次同规格的两个试件进行对比,检验测试结果的有效性,检验条件(应变幅值,加载频率,磁场强度)分别为0.5%、1 Hz、0.3 T,0.5%、1Hz、0.8 T。验证结果如表4所示。结果表明,验证组最大阻尼力,储能模量及损耗模量最大误差均在2%范围内,实验组数据有效。
图5为不同磁场强度下MRE滞回曲线,在刚度变化方面,可以看出,随着磁场强度的增加,MRE滞回曲线的斜率逐渐增大,等效刚度增加,这与磁偶极子理论模型相吻合。在材料耗能方面,从图5中可以看出滞回曲线面积随磁场强度逐渐增大,当磁场强度达到1 T时,曲线面积最大,样品损耗的能量最多。根据特征参数计算式(1)~式(6)对MRE滞回曲线进行量化分析,计算得出不同磁场强度下材料的各项特征参数,如表5所示。
图6为不同磁场强度下MRE表征参数测试计算结果,其中图6(a)图6(a)表征材料弹性性能。图6(a)为磁场强度对材料最大阻尼力与等效刚度的影响,可以看出,随着外界磁场的增强,最大阻尼力在逐渐增加,MRE抵抗形变的能力增强。最大阻尼力由0 T时的0.037 N,提升至1 T的0.113 N,提高了204.70%;等效刚度由0 T时的7.145 3 N/mm,提升至1T的22.192 8 N/mm,提高了210.35%,其中当磁场强度为0.5 T时,等效刚度增速最快,增速为28.54 N/(mm·T)。
为更加直观表现磁场对MRE力学性能的影响,需对MRE磁致模量进行计算,如图6(a)所示。可以看出,随着磁场强度增加,MRE磁致模量逐渐提升,其中1 T时磁致模量最大,最大磁致模量为0.22 MPa,磁致模量增量整体呈现先快后慢的趋势,0.7~1.0 T时电磁应力已基本达到饱和状态。这是因为外界磁场强度在0~0.5 T范围内铁磁粒子磁感应强度与磁场强度呈现线性关系,粒子之间电磁作用力随磁场变化较快,随着外界磁场强度增加,磁性颗粒逐渐趋于饱和,粒子之间相互作用力趋于稳定,磁致模量增速减弱。
图6(a)图6(a)表征材料耗能能力,可以看出,耗能模量从0 T的0.015 MPa增加到1 T的0.035 MPa,提高了133.33%;耗散能从0 T的30.07 N·mm增加到1 T的59.35 N·mm,提高了97.37%;损耗因子从0 T的0.081 3增加到1 T的0.109 8,提高了37.50%。由此可见,随着磁场强度增加,MRE耗能能力显著增强。这是因为随着磁场增强,颗粒之间相互作用增加,在剪切过程中颗粒与硅橡胶基体之间摩擦增大,MRE损耗能量增加,致使MRE耗能能力增强。
为更好地描述MRE动态剪切力学性能,基于实验测试结果建立MRE剪切模式下宏观力学模型,将参数化动力模型拟合的结果与实验结果进行对比,验证所建立模型的有效性。由图5可知,MRE滞回曲线呈现较光滑的椭圆形,具有明显的非线性滞回特性,符合Bouc-Wen模型滞回曲线非线性光滑的特点。基于Bouc-Wen模型对MRE进行力学性能描述。图7为Bouc-Wen模型示意图, Bouc-Wen模型由一个刚度元件、一个阻尼元件及滞回单元构成。该模型的计算公式为
$F=\alpha kx+c\stackrel{·}{x}+(1-\alpha)kz$
$\stackrel{·}{z}=A\stackrel{·}{x}-\beta \left|\stackrel{·}{x}\right|{\left|z\right|}^{n-1}z-\gamma \stackrel{·}{x}{\left|z\right|}^{n}$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}B=\gamma \stackrel{·}{x}{\left|z\right|}^{n}\\ C=\beta \left|\stackrel{·}{x}\right|{\left|z\right|}^{n-1}z\\ D=A\stackrel{·}{x}\\ H=\alpha kx\\ I=c\stackrel{·}{x}\\ G=(1-\alpha)kz\end{array}\right.$
式中:F为模型输出力;x$\stackrel{·}{x}$分别为位移和速度;kc分别为刚度和阻尼系数;参数z为中间变量;$\stackrel{·}{z}$z关于时间的一阶导数;α为描述滞回曲线非线性;Anβγ为量纲统一参数,共同决定滞回曲线的形状和大小,其中,参数A影响阻尼力输出,βγ分别为控制滞回曲线高度和宽度的调节参数,n控制曲线的光滑程度,同一种材料参数n取值差别不大,为简化模型计算,取n=2。
基于Bouc-Wen模型计算公式,借助Matlab-Simulink搭建MRE宏观力学模型如图8所示,并在此基础上确定各项参数初始值及取值范围,根据MRE实测滞回曲线数据对MRE参数拟合。
主要分析磁场强度对于MRE力学性能的影响,因此测试过程中激励幅值与频率保持不变,激励幅值为0.1%,加载频率为1 Hz,磁场强度分别取0、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、1.0 T。不同磁场条件下MRE参数识别结果如表6所示。
图9为参数识别结果。图9(a)为参数A与参数α的识别结果,参数A影响系统阻尼力的输出,可以看出,在0~0.5 T范围内,随着磁场强度增加,参数A逐渐提高,在0.5~1.0 T范围内随着磁场强度增加逐渐减低,这表明在0.5 T磁场强度时,磁场强度对MRE阻尼力增长贡献较大,继续增加外界磁场,阻尼力增长速度减缓。参数α为滞变力占总阻尼力的占比调节因子,可以看出,随着磁场强度增加,参数α逐渐降低,滞变力占比逐渐减弱,MRE对外界磁场强度感应敏感度增强;图9(a)为参数β与参数c的识别结果,参数β为滞回环高度调节因子,可以看出,随着磁场强度增加,参数β逐渐增加,磁场强度为0.75 T时增长速度最快;参数c为MRE阻尼系数,参数c与参数A随磁场变化规律相同,随着磁场的增强先升高后降低,在0.5 T磁场强度时最大;图9(a)为参数γ的识别结果,参数γ为滞回环宽度调节因子,可以看出,随着磁场强度增加,参数γ逐渐增加,滞回环宽度在0~0.4 T范围内逐渐增加,在0.5~1.0 T范围内逐渐降低。
图9(a)为刚度参数k的识别结果,建立参数k与磁场强度x关系,如图10所示。可以看出,随着磁场强度的增加,MRE刚度逐渐增强,在0.5~0.6 T范围内,刚度参数增加速度最快,参数k与磁场强度关系可表示为
k=0.015-0.200x+0.852x2
式(9)中:k为刚度参数;x为磁场强度。
为更好地比较实验和拟合之间的关系,表7给出了实验和拟合所得最大阻尼力、等效刚度、耗散能及其之间的误差。可以看出,在同一工况下,实验和拟合所得各个参数之间的最大误差率均在4.5%之内,Bouc-Wen模型能够很好地模拟磁流变弹性体的动态力学性能。
表7可以看出,随着磁场强度的增大,拟合所得最大阻尼力也逐渐增大,从0 T时的0.037 78 N提高到1 T时的0.114 08 N,提高了202%,相比较实验所得204%的增速误差仅为0.9%;拟合所得等效刚度从0 T时的7.461 6 N/mm提高到1 T时的22.450 1 N/mm,提高了%,相比较实验所得204%的增速误差仅为0.9%;在磁场强度为0.5 T时,等效刚度的增速最快,随后其增速呈下降趋势,最后呈现饱和状态,此变化趋势同实验所得数据相同;拟合所得耗散能随磁场强度的增大而增大,从0 T时的30.661 3 N·mm增加到1 T时的60.579 3 N·mm,增速为97.5%,误差为0.3。
模型对应最大阻尼力、等效刚度、耗散能之间最大误差率为3.81%、4.42%、3.88%,平均误差率为1.24%、1.80%、1.70%,表明模型对应磁场强度变化时,实验数据拟合效果较好,采用Bouc-Wen模型可以准确描述MRE滞回特性。
针对MRE滞回特性研究成果较少,不利于工程实际控制的问题。通过对MRE进行磁场作用下的动态剪切力学性能测试、特征参数计算以及Bouc-Wen模型仿真,有效表征了MRE的磁致力学性能,并通过误差分析检验了仿真结果的准确性。采用Bouc-Wen模型对MRE滞回特性进行描述,分析力学参数随磁场的变化规律,丰富了关于MRE滞回特性方面的研究成果。根据实验与仿真分析结果得到以下结论。
(1)MRE力学特征参数均与磁场强度呈正相关,随着磁场强度的增大,MRE储能与耗能性能逐渐增强,在0.5~0.7 T范围内参数增长速度最快,在0.7~1.0 T范围内趋于饱和;当磁场强度增加至1 T,耗散能、损耗模量、损耗因子、最大阻尼力、等效刚度及储能模量分别提升了97.34%、133.33%、35.06%、205.41%、210.61%、183.05%。在工程应用中可以根据实际使用的需要确定MRE组分配比。
(2)采用Bouc-Wen模型有效表征了MRE磁致特性与滞回特性。基于Bouc-Wen模型参数拟合最大误差为4.42%,根据模型仿真结果,建立磁场强度与等效刚度的函数关系。为后续以MRE作为变刚度元件的动力装置的设计加工与算法控制提供参数与指导。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51865049)
  • 青海省科技厅基础研究计划(2020-ZJ-708)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402779
  • 接收时间:2024-04-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-17
  • 修回日期:2024-11-27
基金
国家自然科学基金(51865049)
青海省科技厅基础研究计划(2020-ZJ-708)
作者信息
    1 青海大学能源与电气工程学院, 西宁 810016
    2 国家电网吉林省电力有限公司, 松原供电公司, 松原 138000

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*金福宝(1981—),男,回族,青海西宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:高电压绝缘防护。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

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种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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