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Article(id=1156949365278466150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309432, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701273600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-30, revisedDate=1730822400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823761, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823761, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823761, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1332, endPage=1337, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949366754861168, articleId=1156949365278466150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Produced Fluid in Changqing Oilfield and Its Mechanism for Stimulation by Profile Control and Flooding, columnId=1225062609053962545, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Chemics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of polymer microsphere profile control and flooding on produced fluid and deepen the understanding of the profile control and flooding mechanism of polymer microsphere, the produced fluid in typical blocks of major reservoirs such as ultra-low permeablity, super-low permeablity and low permeablity in Changqing oil field were analyzed and studied. After using gravity separation and centrifugal separation methods to obtain crude oil and produced water, the changes in the composition of crude oil group, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, $\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ ions, and water content in the produced water before and after profile control were analyzed, and the variation patterns were summarized. The results show that after injecting polymer microspheres into each typical block, the saturated alkane content in the crude oil decreases, the non-hydrocarbon content increases, the water content significantly decreases, and the salinity of the produced water increases. Through the above research, it has been further clarified that polymer microspheres mainly play a “blocking” role in reservoirs, and residual oil is utilized by expanding the swept volume of injected water, providing a theoretical basis for the production increase of Changqing Oilfield through profile control and flooding.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-jing LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan WANG, Chang-hao YAN, Jia-jun CHEN, Jun WANG, Ping YI, Bo MA, Xiao-jing LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949393782956172, articleId=1156949365278466150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=化学长庆油田采出液分析及其对调驱增产的机理, columnId=1225062609662136632, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·化学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为研究聚合物微球调驱对采出液的影响,加深聚合物微球调驱增产机理的认识,开展长庆油田特低渗、超低渗、低渗等主力油藏典型区块的采出液分析以及调驱前后标准岩心物性变化分析研究。通过分析调驱前后采出液中原油族组成、采出水中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、$\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$和水含量变化,总结其中的变化规律。此外,通过润湿角测试及岩心驱替试验对聚合物微球调驱前后标准岩心的润湿性、渗透率及孔隙度进行了分析。结果表明,在各典型区块注入聚合物微球后,原油中饱和烷烃含量均减小,非烃含量均增加,含水量均明显降低,采出水矿化度均有所增加。经聚合物微球调驱后,亲水岩心的接触角有所变大,向着中等极性方向转变;亲水岩心不同渗透率岩心的渗透率和孔隙度均有所减小;不同渗透率的岩心渗透率和孔隙度变化显著程度的顺序为:特低渗>超低渗>低渗。通过上述研究进一步明确了聚合物微球在储层中主要发挥“堵”的作用,通过扩大注入水的波及体积来动用剩余油,为长庆油田调驱增产提供了理论依据。, correspAuthors=梁晓静, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梁晓静(1983—),女,汉族,河北邢台人,博士,研究员。研究方向:分离分析新材料研究及油田化学剂分析。E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wSFkJvJmN0GARwqfVMBmmw==, magXml=XgJoS8GbEx/mUPlO1W0HqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DNgGv4NaKcUGg1XIDwkanw==, pdfFileSize=5648014, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=02Pq+U80zeQKc1U1l1vLmg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2fMdWYNUMd85gPA1t9V8cA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王燕(1990—),女,汉族,陕西延安人,博士,工程师。研究方向:提高油藏采收率及油田化学。E-mail:。

, authorsList=王燕, 鄢长灏, 陈佳俊, 王骏, 易萍, 马波, 梁晓静)}, authors=[Author(id=1225944423075328626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangyan1273168349@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225944423213740678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, authorId=1225944423075328626, language=EN, stringName=Yan WANG, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute, Changqing Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, China
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王燕(1990—),女,汉族,陕西延安人,博士,工程师。研究方向:提高油藏采收率及油田化学。E-mail:。

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王燕(1990—),女,汉族,陕西延安人,博士,工程师。研究方向:提高油藏采收率及油田化学。E-mail:。

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rock cores before and after polymer microsphere profile control and flooding, figureFileSmall=o1IEM4HbNB3xeSWHO3vbIQ==, figureFileBig=kO4PBhEjos10hI5/ZftvXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431434576106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同渗透性中等极性岩心经聚合物微球调驱前后渗透率和孔隙度变化, figureFileSmall=o1IEM4HbNB3xeSWHO3vbIQ==, figureFileBig=kO4PBhEjos10hI5/ZftvXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431581376759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in permeability and porosity of different permeability hydrophobic rock cores before and after polymer microsphere profile control and flooding, figureFileSmall=Ytn8cKtidXCtU1s2O7dR4g==, figureFileBig=VvIB/T7RXKQPUDzxRIyyPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431753343240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同渗透性亲油岩心经聚合物微球调驱前后渗透率和孔隙度变化, figureFileSmall=Ytn8cKtidXCtU1s2O7dR4g==, figureFileBig=VvIB/T7RXKQPUDzxRIyyPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944431895949588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The average content of four component of crude oil before and after profile control in each block

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 罗1长8区块 五里湾长6区块 胡154-富县区块
调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后
饱和烃/% 61.58 64.58 61.76 62.95 57.11 58.63
芳烃/% 9.90 10.22 10.07 10.07 10.53 10.45
沥青质/% 1.76 1.63 2.46 2.46 4.06 3.73
非烃/% 26.75 23.56 25.71 24.51 28.28 27.19
), ArticleFig(id=1225944432063721761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各区块调驱前后原油4组分含量平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 罗1长8区块 五里湾长6区块 胡154-富县区块
调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后
饱和烃/% 61.58 64.58 61.76 62.95 57.11 58.63
芳烃/% 9.90 10.22 10.07 10.07 10.53 10.45
沥青质/% 1.76 1.63 2.46 2.46 4.06 3.73
非烃/% 26.75 23.56 25.71 24.51 28.28 27.19
), ArticleFig(id=1225944432223105324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average ion content and water content of produced water before and after flooding in each block

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采出水离
子含量及
含水量		 罗1长8区块 五里湾长6区块 胡154-富县区块
调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后
K+/
(mg·L-1)		 48.1 63.7 95.7 122.9 105.1 117.9
Na+/
(mg·L-1)		 2 621.2 4 761.1 5 625.2 7 231.8 9 313 10 043
Ca2+/
(mg·L-1)		 633.8 532.1 1 776.1 2 381.6 486.6 509.4
Mg2+/
(mg·L-1)		 52.7 94.2 225.5 261.9 139.6 129.8
$\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$/
(mg·L-1)		 318.9 499.9 — — — —
水/% 46.82 19.6 84.19 68.82 62.02 45.10
), ArticleFig(id=1225944432424431933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各区块调驱前后采出水离子含量及含水量平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采出水离
子含量及
含水量		 罗1长8区块 五里湾长6区块 胡154-富县区块
调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后 调驱前 调驱后
K+/
(mg·L-1)		 48.1 63.7 95.7 122.9 105.1 117.9
Na+/
(mg·L-1)		 2 621.2 4 761.1 5 625.2 7 231.8 9 313 10 043
Ca2+/
(mg·L-1)		 633.8 532.1 1 776.1 2 381.6 486.6 509.4
Mg2+/
(mg·L-1)		 52.7 94.2 225.5 261.9 139.6 129.8
$\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$/
(mg·L-1)		 318.9 499.9 — — — —
水/% 46.82 19.6 84.19 68.82 62.02 45.10
), ArticleFig(id=1225944433787580741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in wetting angle of different permeability and types of rock cores before and after profile control with polymer microspheres

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩心渗透率 亲水性岩心调驱前后接触角/(°) 中等极性岩心调驱前后接触角/(°) 亲油性岩心调驱前后接触角/(°)
调驱前 50 nm WQ
调驱后		 300 nm WQ
调驱后		 调驱前 50 nm WQ
调驱后		 300 nm WQ
调驱后		 调驱前 50 nm WQ
调驱后		 300 nm WQ
调驱后
低渗 38 67 55 62 60 64 126 132 141
特低渗 35 83 76 71 69 73 135 135 138
超低渗 40 72 64 68 66 70 142 141 142
), ArticleFig(id=1225944433967935820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949365278466150, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同渗透率、不同类型岩心经聚合物微球调驱前后的接触角变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩心渗透率 亲水性岩心调驱前后接触角/(°) 中等极性岩心调驱前后接触角/(°) 亲油性岩心调驱前后接触角/(°)
调驱前 50 nm WQ
调驱后		 300 nm WQ
调驱后		 调驱前 50 nm WQ
调驱后		 300 nm WQ
调驱后		 调驱前 50 nm WQ
调驱后		 300 nm WQ
调驱后
低渗 38 67 55 62 60 64 126 132 141
特低渗 35 83 76 71 69 73 135 135 138
超低渗 40 72 64 68 66 70 142 141 142
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化学长庆油田采出液分析及其对调驱增产的机理
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王燕 1, 2 , 鄢长灏 1, 2 , 陈佳俊 1, 2 , 王骏 1, 2 , 易萍 1, 2 , 马波 1, 2 , 梁晓静 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·化学 2025,25(4): 1332-1337
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·化学 2025, 25(4): 1332-1337
化学长庆油田采出液分析及其对调驱增产的机理
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王燕1, 2 , 鄢长灏1, 2, 陈佳俊1, 2, 王骏1, 2, 易萍1, 2, 马波1, 2, 梁晓静3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院, 西安 710018
  • 2 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室, 西安 710018
  • 3 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所, 西北特色植物资源化学重点实验室, 兰州 730000

    • 王燕(1990—),女,汉族,陕西延安人,博士,工程师。研究方向:提高油藏采收率及油田化学。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

*梁晓静(1983—),女,汉族,河北邢台人,博士,研究员。研究方向:分离分析新材料研究及油田化学剂分析。E-mail:。
Analysis of Produced Fluid in Changqing Oilfield and Its Mechanism for Stimulation by Profile Control and Flooding
Yan WANG1, 2 , Chang-hao YAN1, 2, Jia-jun CHEN1, 2, Jun WANG1, 2, Ping YI1, 2, Bo MA1, 2, Xiao-jing LIANG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute, Changqing Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, China
  • 2 National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeable Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an 710018, China
  • 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309432
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摘要
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为研究聚合物微球调驱对采出液的影响,加深聚合物微球调驱增产机理的认识,开展长庆油田特低渗、超低渗、低渗等主力油藏典型区块的采出液分析以及调驱前后标准岩心物性变化分析研究。通过分析调驱前后采出液中原油族组成、采出水中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、$\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$和水含量变化,总结其中的变化规律。此外,通过润湿角测试及岩心驱替试验对聚合物微球调驱前后标准岩心的润湿性、渗透率及孔隙度进行了分析。结果表明,在各典型区块注入聚合物微球后,原油中饱和烷烃含量均减小,非烃含量均增加,含水量均明显降低,采出水矿化度均有所增加。经聚合物微球调驱后,亲水岩心的接触角有所变大,向着中等极性方向转变;亲水岩心不同渗透率岩心的渗透率和孔隙度均有所减小;不同渗透率的岩心渗透率和孔隙度变化显著程度的顺序为:特低渗>超低渗>低渗。通过上述研究进一步明确了聚合物微球在储层中主要发挥“堵”的作用,通过扩大注入水的波及体积来动用剩余油,为长庆油田调驱增产提供了理论依据。
原油4组分  /  采出水离子  /  聚合物微球  /  调驱机理

In order to study the effect of polymer microsphere profile control and flooding on produced fluid and deepen the understanding of the profile control and flooding mechanism of polymer microsphere, the produced fluid in typical blocks of major reservoirs such as ultra-low permeablity, super-low permeablity and low permeablity in Changqing oil field were analyzed and studied. After using gravity separation and centrifugal separation methods to obtain crude oil and produced water, the changes in the composition of crude oil group, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, $\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ ions, and water content in the produced water before and after profile control were analyzed, and the variation patterns were summarized. The results show that after injecting polymer microspheres into each typical block, the saturated alkane content in the crude oil decreases, the non-hydrocarbon content increases, the water content significantly decreases, and the salinity of the produced water increases. Through the above research, it has been further clarified that polymer microspheres mainly play a “blocking” role in reservoirs, and residual oil is utilized by expanding the swept volume of injected water, providing a theoretical basis for the production increase of Changqing Oilfield through profile control and flooding.

four components of crude oil  /  produced water ions  /  polymer microspheres  /  profile control and flooding mechanism
王燕, 鄢长灏, 陈佳俊, 王骏, 易萍, 马波, 梁晓静. 化学长庆油田采出液分析及其对调驱增产的机理. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1332 -1337 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309432
Yan WANG, Chang-hao YAN, Jia-jun CHEN, Jun WANG, Ping YI, Bo MA, Xiao-jing LIANG. Analysis of Produced Fluid in Changqing Oilfield and Its Mechanism for Stimulation by Profile Control and Flooding[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1332 -1337 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309432
正文
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随着21世纪油田开发的快速推进,越来越多的油田由于高含水、低采收率等现实问题,逐渐进入提高采收率阶段[1-2]。特别是对于低渗透油藏,如何有效防止注入水的窜流,扩大波及体积,动用剩余油,对于提高油藏采收率具有重要意义。这就要求在堵水调剖过程中既要实现注得进,又要达到堵得住。近年来,聚合物微球深部调驱技术作为一种堵水调驱的有效手段受到中外各油田的广泛关注[3-6]。虽然聚合物微球在油田的应用取得了一定的效果,但是其调驱机理仍尚无定论。文献[7-13]通过在室内进行岩心或填砂管驱替实验、微流控技术、毛细管模型等对聚合物微球的调驱机理进行研究。经过在室内探究聚合物微球的粒径与孔喉直接的关系,文献[12-16]提出了聚合物微球粒径与岩心孔喉匹配理论,微球进入匹配孔隙滞留,产生封堵作用,水进入较小孔隙发挥驱油作用。但是,在现场应用时,与储层孔喉直径相匹配的聚合物微球调驱效果并不理想。研究表明,聚合物微球调驱封堵的作用机理是大量微球进入高渗层后,聚合物微球在孔隙中滞留,增大了高渗层内比表面积,降低了高渗层渗透率,后续水驱液流转向进入低渗层,扩大了水驱波及体积,提高了剩余油的采出程度[11,17-19]。在目前报道的机理研究中,柴汝宽等[20]通过室内模拟实验研究了水驱过程中原油组分的变化规律,揭示了水驱油背后的油-水-岩作用机理。但是该研究仅依据于室内模拟实验,未涉及实际油层。目前,通过深入系统分析聚合物微球调驱前后实际油层物质组成特征[21]来探究其驱油机理的研究尚鲜见报道。进一步探究聚合物微球的调驱机理,对实际油层水驱开发过程中原油组分变化、采出水离子变化以及岩心物性变化规律和机理开展研究具有重要理论和实际指导意义。
鉴于此,在收集实际油层(长庆特低渗、超低渗、低渗等主力油藏典型区块,包括超低渗罗1长8区块、特低渗五里湾长6区块和低渗胡154-富县区块)不同开采时期采出的液体的基础上,对采出液进行重力式分离和离心分离,分别得到每个样品的油样和水样。通过测定调驱前后油样族组成和采出水离子变化,研究聚合物微球调驱对采出液组成的影响;通过润湿角测试及岩心驱替试验对聚合物微球调驱前后标准岩心的润湿性、渗透率及孔隙度进行分析,总结其中的变化规律,研究剩余油动用的机理和调驱增产途径,为低渗透油田调驱增产提供理论依据。
1 实验材料与方法
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1.1 仪器与试剂
DIONEXICS-90离子色谱仪,配以ASRSR-ULTRA114-mm型自动再生电化学抑制器;MODEL DS5电导检测器;IonPac CS12A(4×250 mm)阳离子分离柱和IonpPac AS11-HC(4×50 mm)阴离子分离柱;RFC-30淋洗液在线发生器(美国,戴安公司);M1324高速离心机(深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司),OPP-1型高压孔渗仪(美国,劳雷公司),KXD-II型-氦孔隙度测定仪(南通华兴石油仪器有限公司),DQT-2型-高压高温多功能岩心驱替试验装置(海安县石油科研仪器有限公司)。
硅胶(80~100目)与中性氧化铝(100~200目)均为精制型,购自青岛海洋化工有限公司;正己烷、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇、氯仿、甲烷磺酸、氢氧化钠,均为分析纯,购自阿拉丁试剂有限公司;聚合物微球(WQ)为工业级,购自陕西日新石油化工有限公司;NaCl、KCl、CaCO3、MgO、Na2SO4,均为优级纯,购自阿拉丁试剂有限公司(使用前皆于105 ℃干燥2 h);实验用水均为重蒸去离子水。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 原油族组分测定
将取得的采出液样品参照《原油脱水试验方法—压力釜法》(SY/T 6520—2014)进行原油脱水。将上层油样用高速离心机(10 000 r/min)离心脱水1 h后,采用《岩石中可溶有机物及原油族组成分析》(SY/T 5119—2016)对原油族组分含量进行测定。具体步骤为:将原油中可溶有机物、沥青质等用正己烷沉淀,其滤液部分通过硅胶层析柱,采用不同极性的溶剂,依次将其中的烷烃、芳香烃和非烃组分分别淋洗出来,挥发溶剂,称量恒重,求得原油中各族组分的含量。
1.2.2 采出水离子测定
分离后的地层水经过滤稀释后采用离子色谱法进行离子含量分析。将下层水样过0.45 μm滤膜后,依据《工业循环冷却水中钠、铵、钾、镁和钙离子的测定 离子色谱法》(GB/T 15454—2009)对油田采出水中的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量进行测定;依据《工业循环冷却水及锅炉水中氟、氯、磷酸根、亚硝酸根、硝酸根和硫酸根的测定 离子色谱法》(GB/T 14642—2009)对油田采出水中的S${O}_{4}^{2-}$含量进行测定。
1.2.3 调驱前后标准岩心物性变化测试
(1)调驱前后标准岩心润湿性变化测试。先将不同渗透率、不同润湿性的标准岩心切片,按照《油藏岩石润湿性测定方法》(SY/T 5153—2017),测定初始岩心切片接触角θ1;之后将岩心切片浸入调驱液浸泡,模拟调驱过程,按照《油藏岩石润湿性测定方法》(SY/T 5153—2017)的方法,测定调驱后岩心切片接触角θ2;通过岩心切片接触角θ1~θ2的变化情况,考察调驱液对岩心切片润湿性影响。
(2)调驱前后标准岩心渗透率、孔隙度测试。采用OPP-1型高压孔渗仪和KXD-II型-氦孔隙度测定仪,参照《岩心分析方法》(GB/T 29172—2012),对调驱前标准岩心进行渗透率和孔隙度测试。采用DQT-2型-高压高温多功能岩心驱替试验装置开展标准岩心模拟调驱实验,实验步骤参考文献[14]中的步骤完成。最后,对完成驱替试验的岩心进行渗透率和孔隙度测试。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 油样组分测定结果
对长庆油田罗1长8、五里湾长6和胡154-富县3个区块经0.1% 50 nm聚合物微球调驱前后油样4组分的测定结果数据取平均值,结果如表1所示。
从表1中可以看出,对于罗1长8超低渗区块、五里湾长6特低渗区块和胡154-富县低渗区块油样组分来说,可以发现在这些区块调驱后饱和烃含量均增加,非烃含量均减小,沥青质和芳烃含量均变化不明显。
通过上述各区块调驱前后原油4组分含量变化规律,对聚合物微球的调驱机理进行分析。聚合物微球的作用包括:“堵”和“驱”。其中,“堵”指的是聚合物微球注入岩心后吸水膨胀形成黏弹性球体,在贾敏效应作用下,可以增大深部注入水的波及体积,达到连续调剖堵水的目的。“驱”指的是由于用剂配方中含有少量表面活性剂,可产生超低界面张力,作为驱油剂使用。罗1长8区块,五里湾长6区块、胡154-富县区块,这3区块均属于渗透率较低的区块,聚合物微球进入地层后,堵水调剖的作用明显,扩大了波及体积,更多调驱前未被波及的原油能够波及到,而被驱出,非极性的饱和烃由于吸附性小、活性大,在油层中优先被驱出,而吸附性、活动性小的非烃,相对滞后被驱出,所以聚合物微球调驱后出现饱和烃含量增加,非烃含量减小的现象。
2.2 采出水离子测定结果
对长庆油田罗1长8、五里湾长6和胡154-富县3个区块经0.1% 50 nm聚合物微球调驱前后采出水K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、S${O}_{4}^{2-}$和含水量测定结果取平均值,结果如表2所示。
由表2可以看出,罗1长8区块,调驱后各井口采出水中K+、Na+、Mg2+、S${O}_{4}^{2-}$含量均有所增加,Ca2+含量变化不明显,调驱后各井口含水量明显减小。五里湾长6区块,调驱前后各井口采出水中S${O}_{4}^{2-}$含量都很低,调驱后各井口采出水离子平均值均有所增加,调驱后各井口含水量平均值有所减小。胡154-富县区块,调驱前后各井口采出水中S${O}_{4}^{2-}$含量都很低,调驱后各井口采出水中K+、Na+、Ca2+含量均有所增加,Mg2+含量变化不明显,调驱后各井口含水量有所减小。
对聚合物微球调驱前后采出水离子含量变化规律进行分析。含水量的变化是采出水矿化度变化的主要因素,含水越低,采出水矿化度越高;含水越高,采出水矿化度越低。罗1长8区块、五里湾长6区块、胡154-富县区块,这3个区块调驱后采出水离子含量均有所增加或变化不明显,说明调驱后采出水矿化度增加,并且这3个区块调驱后含水均有所减小,说明聚合物微球注入后,主要发挥了“堵”的作用,通过扩大注入水的波及体积,起到提高采收率的目的,导致调驱后含水有所减小,所以调驱后各井口采出水矿化度均有所增加。该结论与聚合物微球调驱前后油样4组分测试结论相一致。这也从一定程度上说明,大量聚合物微球进入高渗层后,聚合物微球在孔隙中滞留,增大了高渗层内比表面积,降低了高渗层渗透率,后续水驱液流转向进入低渗层,扩大了水驱波及体积,提高了剩余油的采出程度。
2.3 调驱前后标准岩心物性变化分析
2.3.1 调驱前后标准岩心润湿性变化分析
对低渗、特低渗、超低渗3种不同渗透率亲水、中等极性、亲油岩心分别切片,然后分别对经0.1% 50 nm聚合物微球(WQ)和0.1% 300 nm聚合物微球调驱前后的接触角进行测量,所得结果如表3所示。
由表3可以看出,从岩心性质来看,经聚合物微球调驱后,亲水岩心的接触角有所变大,向着中等极性方向转变,中等极性和亲油性岩心的接触角均未发生明显改变。从聚合物微球粒径来看,聚合物微球粒径越小,对亲水岩心润湿性改性越明显。从聚合物微球的粒径大小来看,相较于300 nm聚合物微球,50 nm聚合物微球调驱后,亲水岩心润湿性改变更显著。从岩心渗透率来看,聚合物微球对不同渗透率亲水岩心润湿性改变程度的顺序为:特低渗>超低渗>低渗,聚合物微球对特低渗亲水岩心润湿性改变最显著。
2.3.2 调驱前后标准岩心渗透率、孔隙度分析
首先对聚合物微球调驱前不同渗透率的亲水性、中性极性以及亲油性标准岩心进行了渗透率和孔隙度分析;接着通过开展标准岩心模拟调驱实验,对完成驱替试验的岩心进行渗透率和孔隙度分析,实验结果如图1~图3所示。
从图1可以看出,亲水岩心经聚合物微球调驱后,低渗、特低渗、超低渗岩心的渗透率和孔隙度均有所减小;不同渗透率的岩心渗透率和孔隙度变化显著程度的顺序为:特低渗>超低渗>低渗。相较于300 nm聚合物微球,50 nm聚合物微球调驱后亲水岩心的渗透率和孔隙度改变更显著。聚合物微球粒径越小,对各渗透率亲水岩心的渗透率和孔隙度改性越明显。
从图2可以看出,不同渗透率中等极性岩心经聚合物微球调驱后,岩心渗透率、孔隙度变化规律和亲水岩心的变化规律一致,但总体变化趋势小于亲水岩心。
从图3可以得出,不同渗透率亲油岩心经聚合物微球调驱后,岩心渗透率、孔隙度变化规律和亲水岩心、中等级性岩心的变化规律一致,但总体变化趋势小于亲水岩心和中等级性岩心。综上所述,从岩心渗透率来看,经聚合物微球调驱后,低渗、特低渗、超低渗岩心的渗透率、孔隙度均有所减小,变化显著程度顺序为:特低渗>超低渗>低渗。从聚合物微球粒径来看,聚合物微球粒径越小,对岩心的渗透率和孔隙度改性越明显。从岩心性质来看,聚合物微球对岩心渗透率和孔隙度改变程度的顺序如下:亲水岩心>中等极性岩心>亲油岩心,聚合物微球对特低渗亲水岩心的渗透率和孔隙度改变最显著。聚合物微球在亲水性低渗、特低渗和超低渗油藏中均可发挥较好的调驱增产机理,尤其是对亲水性特低渗油藏效果可能更明显。
根据上述分析结果可以得出,大量聚合物微球进入高渗层后,聚合物微球在孔隙中滞留,增大了高渗层内比表面积,降低了高渗层渗透率,后续水驱液流转向进入低渗层,扩大了水驱波及体积,提高了剩余油的采出程度。这与文献[11,17-19]的结论基本一致。这也进一步说明,通过对特低渗、超低渗、低渗等油藏典型区块调驱前后的采出液以及标准岩心物性变化分析来探究聚合物调驱机理是可行的。
3 结论
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(1)对聚合物微球调驱前后油样4组分和采出水中离子含量测试表明,在超低渗、特低渗和低渗区块,聚合物微球注入后,堵水调剖的作用明显,扩大了波及体积,更多调驱前未被波及的原油能够波及到,而被驱出,造成油样的饱和烷烃含量减小,非烃含量增加,含水量明显降低,采出水矿化度增加,渗透率、孔隙度减小。
(2)对于亲水油藏,改变油藏润湿性向中等润湿性方向转变,提高残余油的流动能力,尤其是对亲水性特低渗油藏,效果更明显。聚合物微球在亲水性低渗、特低渗和超低渗油藏中均可发挥较好的调驱增产机理,尤其是对亲水性特低渗油藏效果可能更明显。
基金
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  • 长庆油田公司技术研发项目(2023DJ0419)
文献
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309432
  • 接收时间：2023-11-30
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-30
  • 修回日期：2024-11-06
基金
长庆油田公司技术研发项目(2023DJ0419)
作者信息
    1 中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院, 西安 710018
    2 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室, 西安 710018
    3 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所, 西北特色植物资源化学重点实验室, 兰州 730000

通讯作者:

*梁晓静(1983—),女,汉族,河北邢台人,博士,研究员。研究方向:分离分析新材料研究及油田化学剂分析。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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