Article(id=1156949364951310435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402537, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823684, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823684, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823684, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823684, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1450, endPage=1457, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949365492375658, articleId=1156949364951310435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation Study on Erosion and Wear of Gastric Bend, columnId=1156262732765717457, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mechanical and Instrumental Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to effectively reduce the erosion and wear rate of ordinary elbows and extend their service life. A stomach-type elbow was proposed, based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow, the Fluent software was used on the stomach-type elbow to numerically simulate and analyze fluid erosion characteristics. The analysis results show that the second circular cross-section position less than 7.5°, greater than 25.0° less than 40.0° of the gastric bend has an erosion-resistant effect, in which the second circular cross-section position of 35.0° of the gastric bend erosion-resistant effect is the best, compared with the ordinary elbow erosion-resistant performance increase by 9.88%. The flow rate increases from 8 m/s to 28 m/s, and the maximum erosion rate of the gastric bend and ordinary elbow at 35.0°, 37.5°, 30.0° and 32.5° increases by 26.08 times on average. The particle diameter increases from 45 mm to 120 mm, and the maximum erosion rate increases by 1.71 times. The mass flow rate increases from 0.02 kg/s to 0.12 kg/s, and the maximum erosion rate increases by 7.35 times. Mass flow rate increases from 0.02 kg/s to 0.12 kg/s, the maximum erosion rate increases by 7.35 times. Regardless of the flow rate, particle diameter, mass flow rate, 35.0°, 37.5°, 30.0°, 32.5° of the maximum erosion rate of the gastric bend is always less than the maximum erosion rate of the ordinary elbow, that is, all have the effect of anti-erosion, of which 35.0° of the gastric bend on the whole has the best anti-erosion effect. The elbow can effectively reduce the rate of erosion and wear to extend the service life of the pipeline, but also for the elbow of the anti-erosion structure design and optimization to provide a new design scheme.

, correspAuthors=Zhi-peng LÜ, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-fu WENG, Chong-chong YAN, Zhi-peng LÜ), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949439710585570, articleId=1156949364951310435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=机械、仪表工业胃型弯头冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究, columnId=1156262732954461139, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·机械、仪表工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为有效降低普通弯头的冲蚀磨损速率,延长其使用寿命。提出一种胃型弯头,基于气固两相流理论,利用Fluent软件对胃型弯头进行数值模拟并分析流体冲蚀特性。分析结果表明:第二圆形截面位置小于7.5°、大于25.0°小于40.0°时的胃型弯头具有抗冲蚀作用,其中第二圆形截面位置35.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最好,同普通弯头相比抗冲蚀性能提高9.88%。流速由8 m/s增大至28 m/s,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率平均增长26.08倍;颗粒直径由45 mm增大至120 mm,最大冲蚀速率最大增长1.71倍;质量流量由0.02 kg/s增加至0.12 kg/s,最大冲蚀速率最大增长7.35倍。不论流速、颗粒直径、质量流量为何值,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率始终小于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,即均具有抗冲蚀作用,其中35.0°时的胃型弯头整体上抗冲蚀效果最好。该弯头可以有效减小冲蚀磨损速率,延长管道使用寿命,同时也可为弯头的抗冲蚀结构设计与优化提供新的设计方案。

, correspAuthors=吕志鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吕志鹏(1981—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,博士,教授。研究方向:机械结构强度与振动。E-mail:
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翁志福(1998—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:流体机械。E-mail:

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机械、仪表工业胃型弯头冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究
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翁志福 1, 2 , 闫冲冲 1, 2 , 吕志鹏 1, 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·机械、仪表工业 2025,25(4): 1450-1457
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·机械、仪表工业 2025, 25(4): 1450-1457
机械、仪表工业胃型弯头冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究
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翁志福1, 2 , 闫冲冲1, 2, 吕志鹏1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 长江大学机械工程学院, 荆州 434023
  • 2 长江大学机械结构强度与振动研究所, 荆州 434023
  • 翁志福(1998—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:流体机械。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*吕志鹏(1981—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,博士,教授。研究方向:机械结构强度与振动。E-mail:
Numerical Simulation Study on Erosion and Wear of Gastric Bend
Zhi-fu WENG1, 2 , Chong-chong YAN1, 2, Zhi-peng LÜ1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
  • 2 Mechanical Structures Strength and Vibration Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402537
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为有效降低普通弯头的冲蚀磨损速率,延长其使用寿命。提出一种胃型弯头,基于气固两相流理论,利用Fluent软件对胃型弯头进行数值模拟并分析流体冲蚀特性。分析结果表明:第二圆形截面位置小于7.5°、大于25.0°小于40.0°时的胃型弯头具有抗冲蚀作用,其中第二圆形截面位置35.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最好,同普通弯头相比抗冲蚀性能提高9.88%。流速由8 m/s增大至28 m/s,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率平均增长26.08倍;颗粒直径由45 mm增大至120 mm,最大冲蚀速率最大增长1.71倍;质量流量由0.02 kg/s增加至0.12 kg/s,最大冲蚀速率最大增长7.35倍。不论流速、颗粒直径、质量流量为何值,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率始终小于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,即均具有抗冲蚀作用,其中35.0°时的胃型弯头整体上抗冲蚀效果最好。该弯头可以有效减小冲蚀磨损速率,延长管道使用寿命,同时也可为弯头的抗冲蚀结构设计与优化提供新的设计方案。

气固两相流  /  胃型弯头  /  冲蚀磨损  /  结构优化  /  抗冲蚀

In order to effectively reduce the erosion and wear rate of ordinary elbows and extend their service life. A stomach-type elbow was proposed, based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow, the Fluent software was used on the stomach-type elbow to numerically simulate and analyze fluid erosion characteristics. The analysis results show that the second circular cross-section position less than 7.5°, greater than 25.0° less than 40.0° of the gastric bend has an erosion-resistant effect, in which the second circular cross-section position of 35.0° of the gastric bend erosion-resistant effect is the best, compared with the ordinary elbow erosion-resistant performance increase by 9.88%. The flow rate increases from 8 m/s to 28 m/s, and the maximum erosion rate of the gastric bend and ordinary elbow at 35.0°, 37.5°, 30.0° and 32.5° increases by 26.08 times on average. The particle diameter increases from 45 mm to 120 mm, and the maximum erosion rate increases by 1.71 times. The mass flow rate increases from 0.02 kg/s to 0.12 kg/s, and the maximum erosion rate increases by 7.35 times. Mass flow rate increases from 0.02 kg/s to 0.12 kg/s, the maximum erosion rate increases by 7.35 times. Regardless of the flow rate, particle diameter, mass flow rate, 35.0°, 37.5°, 30.0°, 32.5° of the maximum erosion rate of the gastric bend is always less than the maximum erosion rate of the ordinary elbow, that is, all have the effect of anti-erosion, of which 35.0° of the gastric bend on the whole has the best anti-erosion effect. The elbow can effectively reduce the rate of erosion and wear to extend the service life of the pipeline, but also for the elbow of the anti-erosion structure design and optimization to provide a new design scheme.

gas-solid two-phase flow  /  gastric bend  /  erosion and wear  /  structural optimization  /  anti-erosion
翁志福, 闫冲冲, 吕志鹏. 机械、仪表工业胃型弯头冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1450 -1457 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402537
Zhi-fu WENG, Chong-chong YAN, Zhi-peng LÜ. Numerical Simulation Study on Erosion and Wear of Gastric Bend[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1450 -1457 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402537
管道系统是天然气开采及输送中完成作业的主要途径[1],管道中难免含有微小固体颗粒会与管壁发生碰撞造成冲蚀磨损,尤其弯头的冲蚀磨损较为严重[2-3]。研究表明,弯头的冲蚀磨损程约为直管的50倍[4-5],一旦发生冲蚀磨损失效,不仅需要昂贵的检测和维修费用,还会对生态环境造成严重污染[6]。因此,设计合理的弯头结构对于延长管道使用寿命具有至关重要的意义。
目前,中外学者对弯头冲蚀规律的研究较多,而对于新型弯头的提出、设计和弯头的改进来减小冲蚀速率的研究很少,中外仅有少数学者进行了相关研究。Li等[7]设计的半球形凸起肘部弯管对提高弯头的抗冲蚀性能很有效。季楚凌等[8]证明在弯管内壁设置肋条和凹坑可以减小冲蚀磨损速率。Zhang等[9]基于沙漠蝎子背部的六边形坑状微结构制作了仿生表面样品,发现仿生试样均具有较好的抗冲蚀性能。黄坤等[10]提出的3段式弯管同1段式弯管相比,3段式弯管的流场更加平稳,抗冲蚀效果也更好。郭姿含等[11]设计的不同3点放样管均具有一定的抗冲蚀作用。Zhu等[12]研究发现,放置在第一次撞击前的梯形肋条可以部分保护壁面免受颗粒的直接冲击。Dos等[13]在弯管上游设置扭曲带可以在一定程度上减少壁面的冲蚀。黄钰棋等[14]设计的非对称球形弯头不仅可以减小冲蚀磨损,还可以提高颗粒运输效率。莫丽等[15]提出的平椭圆弯头同普通弯头相比,能够明显降低最大冲蚀速率。Duarte等[16]在标准弯管中增加的涡流室结构明显减小了颗粒之间的碰撞,从而减小了冲蚀。
为减小普通弯头的冲蚀磨损速率,提出并设计一种胃型弯头,对胃型弯头的内流场进行分析,接着与普通弯头对比优化出抗冲蚀性能较好的胃型弯头,然后探究流速、颗粒直径、质量流量对胃型弯头和普通弯头的冲蚀磨损规律,其结论可为弯头的抗冲蚀结构设计与优化提供新的设计方案。
天然气开采及输送过程中含有的微小固体颗粒会与管壁发生碰撞造成管道的冲蚀破坏,尤其是工程中常使用的小管径普通弯头冲蚀较为严重。因此,选取公称直径50 mm,曲率半径100 mm的常用小管径普通弯头为研究对象,基于仿生原理,根据胃的形状提出、设计一种胃型弯头,结构示意图如图1所示。
该弯头由第一、二、三圆形截面通过放样而成,为增强工程实用性,设置第一、三圆形截面直径(D1D2)与普通弯头的公称直径相等(方便与同公称直径的直管连接),即D1=D2=50 mm,曲率半径与普通弯头的曲率半径相等,即R1=100 mm,第三圆形截面直径D3=70 mm,为使流体介质充满整个管线,将进出口段延长,即L1=L2=300 mm。第一圆形截面与第二圆形截面的夹角为α,通过调整α(即调整第二圆形截面位置)可以改变胃型弯头结构。数值模拟中为减少网格总量,网格划分采用六面体网格;为真实模拟管内流体流动状况,在流道圆周面附加边界层。
对管内天然气流动初步计算,其雷诺数大于2 300,得知管内流动为湍流流动,为使模拟结果更加准确,使用标准湍流动能-湍流耗散率(k-ε)方程为
$\frac{\partial \left(\rho k\right)}{\partial t}$+$\frac{\partial \left(\rho k{u}_{i}\right)}{\partial {x}_{i}}$=$\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left[\left(\mu +\frac{{\mu }_{t}}{{\sigma }_{k}}\right)\frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{i}}\right]$+Gk-ρε+Sk
$\frac{\partial \left(\rho \epsilon \right)}{\partial t}$+$\frac{\partial \left(\rho \epsilon {u}_{i}\right)}{\partial {x}_{i}}$=$\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left[\left(\mu +\frac{{\mu }_{t}}{{\sigma }_{\epsilon }}\right)\frac{\partial \epsilon }{\partial {x}_{j}}\right]$+G1ε$\frac{\epsilon }{k}$Gk-C2ερ$\frac{{\epsilon }^{2}}{k}$+Sε
式中:ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;∂t为∂(ρk)对时间的偏导;μ为流体黏度,Pa·s;μt为湍动黏度系数;Gk为由于平均速度梯度引起的湍动能的产生项;ui为时均速度,m/s;k为湍动能,J;ε为耗散率,W/m;xi,xj为空间坐标,m,ij;σkk方程的湍流Prandtl数,取1.0;σεε方程的湍流Prandtl数,取1.3;SkSε为源项;G1ε=1.44,C2ε=1.92为经验常数。
离散相模型(discrete phase model,DPM)通过拉格朗日参考系下的离散相颗粒运动方程计算其运动轨迹,由颗粒的惯性与受力平衡,写出离散相颗粒运动方程为
$\frac{d{u}_{p}}{dt}$=$\frac{18\mu }{{\rho }_{p}{d}_{p}^{2}}\frac{{C}_{D}R{e}_{p}}{24}$(ug-up)+$\frac{{g}_{x}({\rho }_{p}-{\rho }_{g})}{{\rho }_{p}}$+fx
Rep=$\frac{{\rho }_{g}{d}_{p}\left|{u}_{g}-{u}_{p}\right|}{\mu }$
CD=a1+$\frac{{a}_{2}}{R{e}_{p}}$+$\frac{{a}_{3}}{R{e}_{p}}$
式中:ρp为颗粒密度,kg/m3;ρg连续相密度,kg/m3;dp为颗粒直径,m;CD为阻力系数;Rep为颗粒相对雷诺数;ug为连续相速度,m/s;up为颗粒速度,m/s; fx为附加加速度;gx为重力加速度,m/s2;a1a2a3为常数。
由于冲蚀磨损过程比较复杂,且受多种因素的影响,在工作时固体颗粒会对壁面形成冲击磨损造成壁面材料的损失。使用Generic冲蚀磨损模型方程如下,该模型可以充分考虑碰撞角、粒径、流速、颗粒流量等因素对冲蚀磨损速率的影响[17-18]
ER=$\sum _{p=1}^{{N}_{particles}}\frac{{m}_{p}C\left({d}_{p}\right)F\left(\alpha \right){u}_{p}^{b\left({u}_{p}\right)}}{{A}_{face}}$
式(6)中:ER为冲蚀速率,kg/(m2·s);mp为颗粒质量流量,kg/s;C(dp)为颗粒直径函数;F(α)为冲击角函数;b(up)为颗粒相对速度函数;Aface为壁面网格面积,m2
固体颗粒会与壁面发生碰撞导致能量损失,使得颗粒反射速度低于入射速度,这种碰撞特性根据Grant等[19]提出的随机颗粒-壁面反弹模型进行描述。
en=0.993-0.030 7θ+4.75×10-4θ2-2.61×10-6θ3
et=0.998-0.029θ+6.43×10-4θ2-3.56×10-6θ3
式中:en为法向反弹系数;et为切向反弹系数;θ为颗粒与壁面的碰撞角。
数值模拟中选取天然气为连续相,密度为0.667 9 kg/m3,黏度为1.087×10-5 Pa·s;固体颗粒石英砂为离散相,密度为1 700 kg/m3。进口边界条件为速度进口,颗粒入射速度与进口流体速度相等,颗粒法向均匀入射,出口边界条件为标准大气压。
选取第二圆形截面位置45°时的胃型弯头,将其划分为单元尺寸4.00、2.80、2.30、2.08、1.67、1.56、1.40、1.35 mm的8套网格以流速为16 m/s,质量流量为0.06 kg/s,颗粒直径为120 μm进行数值模拟,由模拟结果得到网格独立性验证曲线如图2所示。可以看出,当单元尺寸由4 mm减小至1.56 mm时,各截面最大压力逐渐减小,且变化较大;当单元尺寸小于1.56 mm时,各截面最大压力变化很小。当网格数量由93 663增加至690 060时,最大冲蚀速率逐渐增大,且变化较大;当网格数量超过690 060时,最大冲蚀速率趋于稳定,因此,考虑到计算结果准确性和计算效率的问题,综合各截面最大压力和最大冲蚀速率的网格独立性分析结果,最终选取单元尺寸1.56 mm(网格数量799 220)进行后续模型网格划分。单元尺寸对应的网格数量依次为93 663、203 159、306 306、396 986、690 060、799 220、1 055 294、1 154 664。
选取第二圆形截面位置45.0°时的胃型弯头以流速为16 m/s,质量流量为0.06 kg/s,颗粒直径为120 μm进行数值模拟,提取速度、压力云图和流线图如图3所示。由图3(a)图3(a)可以看出,进口段速度、压力变化比较均匀,这与图3(a)进口段流线比较平稳的结果相一致;弯头段速度、压力有分层现象,其中越靠近外侧管壁速度越小,压力越大,即速度和压力呈负相关,这是因为流体由进口段进入弯头段来不及转向与管壁发生碰撞,导致流体速度减小,压力增大,即动能转化为压力能;出口段速度有明显分层现象,压力变化比较均匀。
调整第二圆形截面位置改变胃型弯头结构以流速为16 m/s,质量流量为0.06 kg/s,颗粒直径为120 μm进行数值模拟,提取胃型弯头与普通弯头最大冲蚀速率对比变化规律如图4所示,胃型弯头与普通弯头冲蚀磨损对比云图如图5所示,胃型弯头与普通弯头颗粒轨迹对比云图如图6所示。
图4可知,胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率整体上呈上升、下降、再上升、后上下波动的趋势。当第二圆形截面位置小于7.5°时,胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率小于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,具有抗冲蚀作用。当第二圆形截面位置处于7.5°~25°时,胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率大于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,不具有抗冲蚀作用。当第二圆形截面位置处于25.0°~40.0°时,胃型弯头具有较好的抗冲蚀性能,尤其第二圆形截面位置等于35.0°时,最大冲蚀速率为6.93×10-5 kg/(m2·s),其抗冲蚀效果最佳,抗冲蚀性能较普通弯头提高9.88%。当第二圆形截面位置大于40.0°时,胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率明显大于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,不但不具有抗冲蚀作用,反而使得冲蚀磨损更为严重。由此得知,选择第二圆形截面位置小于7.5°、大于25.0°小于40.0°时的胃型弯头可以有效减小冲蚀磨损速率。
图5可以明显看出,当第二圆形截面位置小于55.0°时,胃型弯头的冲蚀分布整体上呈鸡蛋形形貌和二次冲蚀产生的倒V形形貌,其中第二圆形截面位置位于40.0°~55.0°时,鸡蛋形形貌的上方部分冲蚀磨损较轻;当第二圆形截面位置大于55.0°时,胃型弯头的冲蚀分布呈鸡蛋形形貌和二次冲蚀产生的不规则形貌;而普通弯头的冲蚀分布呈椭圆形形貌和二次冲蚀产生的倒V形形貌。从图6可以看出,胃型弯头和普通弯头的颗粒轨迹基本一致,先集中与管壁发生冲击,然后发生扩散,这与图5均发生两次冲蚀的结果一致。
为探究流速对胃型弯头和普通弯头的冲蚀磨损规律,选取第二圆形截面位置分别为35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°(位于25.0°~40.0°)时的胃型弯头和普通弯头以质量流量为0.06 kg/s,颗粒直径为120 μm,流速分别为8、12、16、20、24、28 m/s进行数值模拟,由模拟结果得到不同流速下最大冲蚀速率变化规律如图7所示。由图7可知, 35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率随流速的增大呈抛物线增长;当流速由8 m/s增加至28 m/s时,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率平均增长26.08倍;这是因为流速增大、流体夹带的固体颗粒速度随之增大、颗粒的动能急剧增加、颗粒对管壁的冲击较大、从而导致管壁的冲蚀磨损更为严重。当流速小于16 m/s时,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率比较接近,这是因为颗粒的动能与速度的平方有关。不管流速为何值,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率均小于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,即均具有抗冲蚀性能。当流速小于20 m/s时,35.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最佳,抗冲蚀性能平均提高9.43%;当流速大于20 m/s小于24 m/s时, 32.5°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最佳,抗冲蚀性能平均提高10.64%;当流速大于24 m/s时,30.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最佳,抗冲蚀性能平均提高9.57%。由此可见,天然气开采及输送中胃型弯头和普通弯头的冲蚀磨损受流速的影响均很大;若不考虑出口流量大小问题,可以通过降低流速来延长弯头使用寿命。
为寻求颗粒直径对胃型弯头、普通弯头的冲蚀磨损规律,选取第二圆形截面位置分别为35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°(位于25.0°~40.0°)时的胃型弯头和普通弯头以流速为16 m/s,质量流量为0.06 kg/s,颗粒直径分别为45、60、75、90、105、120 μm进行数值模拟,由模拟结果绘制出不同颗粒直径下最大冲蚀速率变化规律如图8所示。
图8可以看出,随着颗粒直径的增大,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率整体上呈上升趋势;当颗粒直径从45 mm增大至120 mm时,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率分别增长1.61、1.71、1.45、1.66、1.09倍;分析原因可知:当质量流量和颗粒密度固定时,颗粒直径增大、导致颗粒质量增大(颗粒数目减少)、颗粒的冲击动能增加,使得颗粒与管壁造成的冲击较大。虽然颗粒数目减少、与管壁的碰撞次数减少,但更大的冲击动能弥补了因颗粒数目减少造成的能量损失,使得弯头的最大冲蚀速率仍然增长。无论颗粒直径如何变化,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率均小于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,均具有抗冲蚀作用;其中,当颗粒直径小于70 mm时,37.5°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最好,当颗粒直径大于70 mm时,35.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最好。因此,天然气开采及输送中设法滤除管道中直径较大的固体颗粒可以在一定程度上降低胃型弯头和普通弯头的冲蚀磨损。
为研究颗粒数目对胃型弯头和普通弯头的冲蚀磨损规律,选取第二圆形截面位置分别为35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°(位于25.0°~40.0°)时的胃型弯头和普通弯头以流速为16 m/s,颗粒直径为120 μm,质量流量分别为0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10、0.12 kg/s进行数值模拟,模拟结果如图9所示。
图9可知,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率随质量流量的增加近似线性增长;当质量流量从0.02 kg/s增加至0.12 kg/s时,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率分别增长6.62、6.71、6.97、7.00、7.35倍。这是因为流速为一定时,单位时间内质量流量增加而颗粒直径为定值、导致颗粒数目增加、使得单位时间内在单位面积上与管壁发生碰撞的频率增加,管壁的冲蚀磨损相应较为严重。普通弯头最大冲蚀速率与35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率的差值随质量流量的增加逐渐增大。不论质量流量为何值,普通弯头最大冲蚀速率同35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率相比始终最大,即冲蚀磨损始终最为严重,也就是35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头均具有抗冲蚀效果,其中37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果比较接近,35.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最佳,抗冲蚀性能平均提高10.83%。因此,在天然气开采及输送中设法减小固体颗粒数目可以有效减小胃型弯头和普通弯头的冲蚀磨损速率,延长弯头使用寿命。
(1)提出并设计一种胃型弯头(新型弯头),通过将不同结构胃型弯头的最大冲蚀速率与普通弯头对比,得到只有第二圆形截面位置小于7.5°和大于25.0°小于40.0°时的胃型弯头具有抗冲蚀作用,其中35.0°时的胃型弯头抗冲蚀效果最佳,抗冲蚀性能较普通弯头提高9.88%。
(2)35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率同普通弯头最大冲蚀速率的变化趋势相同,均随流速、颗粒直径、质量流量的增大而增大;分析各因素下最大冲蚀速率的数值及增长倍数,得到流速对弯头的冲蚀磨损影响最大。
(3)不论流速、颗粒直径、质量流量如何变化,35.0°、37.5°、30.0°、32.5°时的胃型弯头最大冲蚀速率始终小于普通弯头最大冲蚀速率,即均具有抗冲蚀性能;综合对比分析得知,35.0°时的胃型弯头整体上抗冲蚀效果最好。
(4)天然气开采及输送中,使用具有抗冲蚀作用的胃型弯头不仅方便与同公称直径的直管连接,还可以有效降低冲蚀磨损速率,实用性较强;其次,通过降低流速、设法滤除管道中直径较大的固体颗粒和颗粒数目可以更加有效降低弯头的冲蚀磨损,对于延长管道使用寿命具有十分重要的意义。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05038-001-LH002)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402537
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
  • 修回日期:2024-11-24
基金
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05038-001-LH002)
作者信息
    1 长江大学机械工程学院, 荆州 434023
    2 长江大学机械结构强度与振动研究所, 荆州 434023

通讯作者:

*吕志鹏(1981—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,博士,教授。研究方向:机械结构强度与振动。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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