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Article(id=1156949364808704097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308487, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698681600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-31, revisedDate=1730736000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823650, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823650, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823649, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1349, endPage=1358, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949365341380711, articleId=1156949364808704097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Distribution Characteristics and Indicative Significance of Elements in Middle-Upper Permian Shale in Lower Yangtze Region, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The shale of Middle-Upper Permian in the Lower Yangtze area is an important source rock in the region, but the research on the elemental characteristics of different sedimentary facies is still lacking in the past. Continuous X-ray fluorescence(XRF) element scanning was performed on the shale core of the Middle-Upper Permian in Well Gangdi 1 in the Lower Yangtze Region. The contents of main elements such as Si, Al, Ca, Fe and trace elements such as Sr, Rb, Ti and their ratios in the middle and upper Permian strata were analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of sedimentary environment were discussed in combination with the quantitative analysis of mineral composition of samples. The results show that the elements such as Al, Ti, Si and Rb, which have strong indicative significance for terrestrial deposition, have a high-high-low variation in the vertical direction. The Ca, Sr and other elements indicating marine deposits are mainly concentrated in the upper Dalong Formation, and the content of other layers is low, and there are abnormal values in some areas. The ratio of element content has a certain rule, among which Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr show a low-high-low trend. The maximum value of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.8, the minimum value is 0.4, and the average value is 0.71, which is generally greater than 0.6, indicating an important source of biogenesis. The Middle-Upper Permian belongs to the transitional-marine reduction environment. From bottom to top, the sedimentary environment changes from deep-water basin facies to deep-water shelf facies to sea-land transition facies to shallow-water shelf facies. During this period, the water body changes from deep-shallow-deep. Among them, the early stage of the Gufeng Formation is the deep-water basin phase, and then gradually enters the deep-water shelf phase. The Longtan Formation is dominated by the sea-land transition phase, and the relative sea level changes frequently during the sedimentary period. In the deep-water period, the lithology is dominated by self-deposited limestone, and the corresponding element Ca content is high. In the shallow water period, it is mainly light gray mud shale deposition, and the corresponding main elements change to Si and Al. After the short-term subsidence of the sea level in the Dalong Formation, the water body gradually deepened, dominated by continental shelf deposition.

, correspAuthors=Xiao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi-yan ZHANG, Tian-zhu GE, Xiao LIU, Qing-nan GAO, Wei-xin SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949427027009931, articleId=1156949364808704097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=下扬子地区中上二叠系泥页岩元素分布特征及指示意义, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=下扬子地区中上二叠统泥页岩是区域重要的烃源岩,但以往对于其不同沉积相的元素特征研究还有所欠缺。本次对下扬子地区港地1井中上二叠系泥页岩岩心进行连续X射线荧光分析(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)元素扫描,分析中上二叠系地层Si、Al、Ca、Fe等主量元素和Sr、Rb、Ti等微量元素含量及其比值的变化规律,并结合样品矿物成分分析,讨论沉积环境演化特征。结果显示:垂向上对陆源沉积具有较强指示意义的Al、Ti、Si、Rb等元素具有较高-高-低的变化规律,而指示海相沉积的Ca、Sr等元素主要集中在上部的大隆组,其他层位含量较低。元素比值具有一定规律,其中Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值最大值为0.8,最小值为0.4,平均值为0.71,普遍大于0.6,指示生物成因为重要的来源。中上二叠统整体属于过渡相-海相的还原环境,从下而上沉积环境从深水盆地相-深水陆棚相-海陆过渡相-浅水陆棚相变化,期间水体从较深-较浅-较深的整体变化趋势。其中孤峰组初期为深水盆地相,随后逐步进入到深水陆棚相,龙潭组以海陆过渡相为主。沉积时期相对海平面变化比较频繁,深水期岩性以自沉积的灰岩为主,对应元素Ca含量较高,浅水期则主要为浅灰色泥页岩沉积,对应的主要元素则变化为Si、Al。而大隆组海平面发生短期沉降之后水体逐步加深,以陆棚沉积为主。, correspAuthors=刘晓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘晓(1984—),男,汉族,山东威海人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质及岩心数字化应用。E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=eiGECTIYyPJgvimpp1+21g==, magXml=IwSn5WVtbSKZyUfsTtVOqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ShHWnJHXRL3zRC96VBstDw==, pdfFileSize=26314644, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=iQiRszKyIjiHns0r/dn8IQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iyE+eqM2cOZSwk0ifuY4cQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张启燕(1988—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:岩心数字化技术与应用。E-mail:。

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张启燕(1988—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:岩心数字化技术与应用。E-mail:。

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张启燕(1988—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:岩心数字化技术与应用。E-mail:。

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Keyword(id=1225944418868445445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=element distribution), Keyword(id=1225944418969108755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Middle-Upper Permian), Keyword(id=1225944420353229090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Lower Yangzi Region), Keyword(id=1225944420533584178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=沉积环境), Keyword(id=1225944420646830394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=X射线荧光分析(XRF)), Keyword(id=1225944420906877255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=元素分布), Keyword(id=1225944421057872218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=中上二叠系), Keyword(id=1225944421183701356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=下扬子地区)], refs=[Reference(id=1225944426393027349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=7, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=成艾颖, 余俊清, 张丽莎, journalName=盐湖研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=成艾颖, 余俊清, 张丽莎, 等. 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in the Middle and Upper Permian system, figureFileSmall=krEq6pj0EvyxjC45wNsJtw==, figureFileBig=UlHLqS/05n7iCevaEDeNTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425319285419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, label=图8, caption=二叠系中上统矿物含量变化分析图, figureFileSmall=krEq6pj0EvyxjC45wNsJtw==, figureFileBig=UlHLqS/05n7iCevaEDeNTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944425436725939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Formation information of Gangdi 1 well

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系 组 厚度/m 主要岩性 XRF测试数据(点数)
三叠系 扁担山组 398.9 灰岩 —
和龙山组 273.9 灰岩
殷坑组 253.4 灰岩 —
二叠系 大隆组 71.7 碳质泥岩 97
龙潭组 11.1 生物灰岩 15
24.0 碳质泥岩 30
24.0 砾岩 30
10.0 碳质泥岩 13
46.5 灰岩 50
97.2 砾岩 125
孤峰组 38.5 硅质泥页岩 47
栖霞组 185.2 灰岩 —
船山组 37.5 灰岩 —
石炭系 黄龙组 47.7 灰岩 —
), ArticleFig(id=1225944425579332290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364808704097, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

港地1井地层信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系 组 厚度/m 主要岩性 XRF测试数据(点数)
三叠系 扁担山组 398.9 灰岩 —
和龙山组 273.9 灰岩
殷坑组 253.4 灰岩 —
二叠系 大隆组 71.7 碳质泥岩 97
龙潭组 11.1 生物灰岩 15
24.0 碳质泥岩 30
24.0 砾岩 30
10.0 碳质泥岩 13
46.5 灰岩 50
97.2 砾岩 125
孤峰组 38.5 硅质泥页岩 47
栖霞组 185.2 灰岩 —
船山组 37.5 灰岩 —
石炭系 黄龙组 47.7 灰岩 —
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下扬子地区中上二叠系泥页岩元素分布特征及指示意义
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张启燕 , 葛天助 , 刘晓 * , 高卿楠 , 史维鑫
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(4): 1349-1358
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(4): 1349-1358
下扬子地区中上二叠系泥页岩元素分布特征及指示意义
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张启燕 , 葛天助, 刘晓* , 高卿楠, 史维鑫
作者信息
  • 自然资源实物地质资料中心, 北京 100083

    • 张启燕(1988—),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:岩心数字化技术与应用。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

*刘晓(1984—),男,汉族,山东威海人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质及岩心数字化应用。E-mail:。
Distribution Characteristics and Indicative Significance of Elements in Middle-Upper Permian Shale in Lower Yangtze Region
Qi-yan ZHANG , Tian-zhu GE, Xiao LIU* , Qing-nan GAO, Wei-xin SHI
Affiliations
  • Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308487
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摘要
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下扬子地区中上二叠统泥页岩是区域重要的烃源岩,但以往对于其不同沉积相的元素特征研究还有所欠缺。本次对下扬子地区港地1井中上二叠系泥页岩岩心进行连续X射线荧光分析(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)元素扫描,分析中上二叠系地层Si、Al、Ca、Fe等主量元素和Sr、Rb、Ti等微量元素含量及其比值的变化规律,并结合样品矿物成分分析,讨论沉积环境演化特征。结果显示:垂向上对陆源沉积具有较强指示意义的Al、Ti、Si、Rb等元素具有较高-高-低的变化规律,而指示海相沉积的Ca、Sr等元素主要集中在上部的大隆组,其他层位含量较低。元素比值具有一定规律,其中Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值最大值为0.8,最小值为0.4,平均值为0.71,普遍大于0.6,指示生物成因为重要的来源。中上二叠统整体属于过渡相-海相的还原环境,从下而上沉积环境从深水盆地相-深水陆棚相-海陆过渡相-浅水陆棚相变化,期间水体从较深-较浅-较深的整体变化趋势。其中孤峰组初期为深水盆地相,随后逐步进入到深水陆棚相,龙潭组以海陆过渡相为主。沉积时期相对海平面变化比较频繁,深水期岩性以自沉积的灰岩为主,对应元素Ca含量较高,浅水期则主要为浅灰色泥页岩沉积,对应的主要元素则变化为Si、Al。而大隆组海平面发生短期沉降之后水体逐步加深,以陆棚沉积为主。
沉积环境  /  X射线荧光分析(XRF)  /  元素分布  /  中上二叠系  /  下扬子地区

The shale of Middle-Upper Permian in the Lower Yangtze area is an important source rock in the region, but the research on the elemental characteristics of different sedimentary facies is still lacking in the past. Continuous X-ray fluorescence(XRF) element scanning was performed on the shale core of the Middle-Upper Permian in Well Gangdi 1 in the Lower Yangtze Region. The contents of main elements such as Si, Al, Ca, Fe and trace elements such as Sr, Rb, Ti and their ratios in the middle and upper Permian strata were analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of sedimentary environment were discussed in combination with the quantitative analysis of mineral composition of samples. The results show that the elements such as Al, Ti, Si and Rb, which have strong indicative significance for terrestrial deposition, have a high-high-low variation in the vertical direction. The Ca, Sr and other elements indicating marine deposits are mainly concentrated in the upper Dalong Formation, and the content of other layers is low, and there are abnormal values in some areas. The ratio of element content has a certain rule, among which Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr show a low-high-low trend. The maximum value of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.8, the minimum value is 0.4, and the average value is 0.71, which is generally greater than 0.6, indicating an important source of biogenesis. The Middle-Upper Permian belongs to the transitional-marine reduction environment. From bottom to top, the sedimentary environment changes from deep-water basin facies to deep-water shelf facies to sea-land transition facies to shallow-water shelf facies. During this period, the water body changes from deep-shallow-deep. Among them, the early stage of the Gufeng Formation is the deep-water basin phase, and then gradually enters the deep-water shelf phase. The Longtan Formation is dominated by the sea-land transition phase, and the relative sea level changes frequently during the sedimentary period. In the deep-water period, the lithology is dominated by self-deposited limestone, and the corresponding element Ca content is high. In the shallow water period, it is mainly light gray mud shale deposition, and the corresponding main elements change to Si and Al. After the short-term subsidence of the sea level in the Dalong Formation, the water body gradually deepened, dominated by continental shelf deposition.

sedimentary environment  /  X-ray fluorescence(XRF)  /  element distribution  /  Middle-Upper Permian  /  Lower Yangzi Region
张启燕, 葛天助, 刘晓, 高卿楠, 史维鑫. 下扬子地区中上二叠系泥页岩元素分布特征及指示意义. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1349 -1358 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308487
Qi-yan ZHANG, Tian-zhu GE, Xiao LIU, Qing-nan GAO, Wei-xin SHI. Distribution Characteristics and Indicative Significance of Elements in Middle-Upper Permian Shale in Lower Yangtze Region[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1349 -1358 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308487
正文
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X射线荧光分析(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)是通过接收样品由于激发源而发生电子跃迁产生的二次X射线,分析特征荧光X射线光谱可以定性的分析元素的种类,并且利用射线强度和对应元素的浓度关系,进行定量分析所含元素的含量[1]。该方法能快速、无损获取样品表面一定深度元素成分及含量,具有测试灵活、分辨率高、分析简单、能进行多元素同时分析等优点[2-3]。
利用XRF仪能够沿岩心原位方向,按一定间距逐点扫描岩心表面,并实时记录其XRF能谱图,通过分析获取每个测量点的主微量元素的成分和含量,从而得到钻井纵向各元素含量随深度的变化,并通过多元素组合分析地层变化。通过具有指示意义的元素的含量及比值变化,推断纵向地层沉积相等方面的信息[4],进而研究当时地球化学特征及环境的变化情况,重建其古环境或古气候模型[5-6],该方法在海洋、黑色岩系、湖泊等沉积环境研究较多[7-9],效果良好。研究表明,S和Ca可以指示沉积环境中硫酸盐和碳酸岩的存在,Si、Al、K、Ti等含量变化一般与陆缘碎屑输入有关,Si与沉积地层中粗碎屑岩性有关,K和Fe元素与黏土质地层相关,而Ti元素与还原环境中泥质沉积有关[10]。元素之间的比值对沉积环境也具有指示意义[11],其中,Zr、 Sr、Rb 元素存在状态的差异指示了沉积环境变化,Zr/Rb比值可以指示沉积环境水动力变化,比值越大说明水动力越大,沉积物粒度越大,反之说明沉积环境平稳,小颗粒沉积物沉积稳定。Rb/Sr 比对于风化作用和气候变化具有指示意义,比值越小说明该地区风化作用加强,气候暖湿[12-13]。
中国扬子地区的古生界海相地层在页岩气勘探方面潜力巨大,其中下扬子地区由于构造演化和沉积特征复杂,但该地区具有沉积厚度大,分布广,且发育良好的烃源岩,尤其在二叠统获得了良好的油气显示[14],其中二叠系孤峰组的灰黑色硅质页岩(碳质泥岩)至大隆组黑色泥岩有机碳总量(total organic carbon,TOC)在1.9%-3.0%,有机质成熟度(Ro)介于1.0%~3.0%,具有形成页岩气的良好的物质基础,是勘探的有利层位[15-17]。沉积环境对于生成页岩气的地层矿物成分、有机质及其含量等具有重要影响,其中有利于页岩形成的是缺氧的沉积环境,且页岩有机质发育受沉积环境的影响和控制[18],页岩为主的地层通常发育在水体较深的半深湖-深湖相[19]。鉴于此,本次研究主要通过XRF对港地1井二叠系泥页岩地层进行扫描,获取二叠系地层各元素含量的变化信息,为二叠系不同沉积地层岩性识别提供基础数据,总结不同沉积地层中各元素含量差异和富集规律,分析二叠系泥页岩地层沉积环境,为下一步研究提供数据支撑。
1 研究区地质概况
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下扬子地块大地构造位置处于扬子板块东段,在北西方向以连云港-黄梅-郯庐断裂为界与华北板块相邻,南东方向以绍兴-江山断裂为界与华南板块相接,总体呈东南窄、东北宽以喇叭形向东北方向伸展[20]。根据最新大地构造划分(图1),又将其分为下扬子(苏皖)前陆盆地、下扬子被动陆缘、江南古岛弧和怀玉山-天目山被动陆缘盆地4个三级构造单元。下扬子地区经历了复杂的构造演化,是一个多期构造改造和叠加的叠合盆地[21],从震旦纪到中三叠世,下扬子地区整体上处于海相沉积环境,纵向主要发育了下寒武统、晚奥陶统-早志留统和中-上二叠统三套海相黑色泥岩岩系,其中龙潭组为海陆过渡相沉积,中三叠世后,下扬子区海相沉积结束[22]。
2 技术方法及样品介绍
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2.1 X射线荧光分析技术
本次使用的是奥林巴斯生产的Vanta系列手持式X射线荧光分析仪,该仪器具有便于携带,灵活原位无损测试、快读分析多元素及元素组合等优点[23],可以测量元素周期表上从铝(Al13)到铀(U92)的元素,激发X射线光束窗口为直径大小为0.5 mm,带4瓦特铑(Rh)阳极射线管,5~200 μA,激发功率为8~50 kV,内置高分辨率硅漂移SDD探测器,矿石模式元素Al、 Si、 Ca、 S、 P、 Ti、 V、 Cr、 Mn、 Fe、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 As、 Se、 Rb、 Sr、 Y、 Zr、 Nb、 Mo、 Ag、 Cd、 Sn、 Sb、 Cl、 K、 W、 Hg、 Pb、 Bi、 Th、 U。本次采用地球化学(双光束)模式,激发源为铑(Rh)和钨(W),光束1和光束2的最小检测时间和最大检测时间分别为1 s和90 s。分辨率为135.281~135.316。斜率为0.02。偏移-0.024 4~0.025 3。计数使用基本参数算法,自动对元素之间的影响进行校正(图2)。
2.2 测试样品介绍
港地1井位于皖南-苏南凹陷,设计井深度为1 500 m。岩心长1 344 m(顶107.7 m,底1 502 m),岩心获取率为96.4%。整体岩心缺失约51 m,主要集中在岩心初始部分。钻遇地层包括三叠系扁担山组、龙山组和殷坑组、二叠系大隆组、龙潭组、孤峰组、栖霞组和船山组以及下覆石炭系黄龙组(未钻穿)[24],全井段岩心保存状况基本完整,二叠系大隆组受岩性、风化等因素影响,破碎较为严重。本次测试样品为港地1井中-上二叠统泥页岩地层,该地层从上而下依次为大隆组(P3d)、龙潭组(P3l)、孤峰组(P2g),全长313 m。
(1) 大隆组(915.2~986.9 m)。该地层整体为深灰-黑色碳质泥岩、碳质页岩,偶见灰砾透镜体,部分泥岩段,岩心破碎(图3)。下部发育深灰色泥灰岩,偶见生物碎屑,从岩心上表现为深水还原环境,生物扰动程度较低。
(2) 龙潭组(986~1 189.7 m)。岩性主要为灰岩、碳质泥岩和砾岩,部分泥岩段岩心破碎。下部发育含砾石英砂岩、石英砂岩、细-粉细砂岩(图4)。水深整体表现为浅-较浅-较深-深水动力逐渐增加,呈现一个明显的正粒序特征。
(3)孤峰组(1 189.7~1 228.2 m)。岩性为硅质页岩、泥晶灰岩等细粒沉积物。临近盆地边缘相的岩性颜色以氧化色为主,向南水深逐渐加深,岩性颜色逐渐由变为灰黑色、黑色(图5)。
深度1 201.65~1 206.0 m
本次XRF测试根据岩心岩性差异和目标任务,采用“一段一策”的方法,即针对不同层位重点情况结合实际岩性保存情况,点距均有所差异。大隆组作为该井重点层段,地层厚度为71 m,岩性主要为碳质泥岩,对测试密度进行加密,测试距离为30 cm/点。龙潭组地层厚度182 m,岩性主要为灰岩、碳质泥岩和砾岩。岩性变化较为频繁的井段,测试距离为50 cm/点。孤峰组为硅质泥页岩,按照80 cm/点。共完成XRF测试点407个,如表1所示。单点测试时间约为90 s,此外为了保证测试结果的准确性,测试流程遵循技术标准规范进行,并对结果进行抽检和复测,测试误差均符合要求,大于3%。
3 结果与讨论
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3.1 二叠系泥页岩元素特征
根据XRF测试结果可知,中上二叠系地层(大隆组、龙潭组和孤峰组)在垂向上各元素含量具有明显差异。本次对具有指示意义的Al、Fe、Ti、Si、Ca、Ba、Rb、Sr等元素在纵向的变化趋势进行分析(图6),发现Al元素含量整体呈现较高值,其中在中上段龙潭组和大隆组呈现高值,但在龙潭组Al元素含量变化较大,此外在孤峰组上部Al元素含量保持高值水平之后迅速下降,Al元素的富集与陆源碎屑具有较高的相关性,说明该段沉积环境发生了较大变化。Fe元素整体保持较低水平,只在部分层段(1 000~1 018 m和1 040 m)浓度明显变高。Si元素含量整体呈现由高到低的变化趋势,在大隆组整体浓度较低,随着进入龙潭组,浓度逐渐升高,在孤峰组底部达到最高值,在龙潭组各层段呈现高低起伏的特征,在孤峰组顶部突然降低,随后逐渐增高,达到最高值。主要与海相沉积的Ca元素从上而下整体呈现降低趋势,在大隆组处于高值水平,随后下降,基本处于低值,偶尔在部分层段(1 071~1 090 m)和孤峰组顶部存在局部高值异常。反映陆缘沉积物的Ti元素整体浓度不高,主要集中在龙潭组,上覆大隆组和下覆孤峰组Ti元素含量极低,在龙潭组,Ti元素也是分段出现,主要分布在碳质泥岩(998~1 022 m)、灰岩(1 059~1 092 m)和砾岩(1 092~1 090 m)。与陆相和海陆过渡相沉积物相关的Ba元素含量整体较低,主要分布在大隆组,其他层位含量较低。Rb元素变化趋势与Al元素相似,整体呈现较高-高-低的变化趋势,在大隆组浓度平均值基本在80×10-6,在龙潭组浓度平均值基本在100×10-6,其间多次高低相间,在孤峰组逐渐降低。与主元素Ca具有相似地球化学性质的Sr元素含量整体不高,整体变化特征不明显,主要集中在大隆组,出现短期高值。
除了上述主微量元素的变化趋势明显,元素比值在纵向呈现一定的变化规律(图7),其中反映物源及沉积环境变化的Rb/Sr比值在纵向变化明显,整体呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,特别在孤峰组达到最低比值(<0.3),而在大隆组也呈现低(0.1)高(0.4)-低(0.1)的趋势,在龙潭组整体>0.5,但局部(987~1 015、1 022~1 028、1 046~1 056、987~1 015 m)呈现低值(<0.5)。Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值是判断硅质成因的重要指标,从图7可以看出,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值主要集中于0.4~0.8,且大部分大于0.6,表明硅质成因与生物沉积过程有重要关系。Ba/Sr也是反映物源和沉积环境变化的指标之一,在纵向上变化明显,呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,与Rb/Sr比变化趋势一致。V/(V+Ni)可以用来判断古环境的氧化还原情况[25-26],主要分布在下覆孤峰组,其他地层分布较少,且V/(V+Ni)大于0.84,表明孤峰组沉积环境为极度缺氧的还原环境[27]。Ti元素含量的变化是陆源物质加入程度的重要反映,可以反映沉积环境,Fe除了陆源碎屑的来源,热液活动也是其中主要的来源,因此Ti/Fe可以反映该地区的热液活动。
3.2 沉积环境特征
元素含量的变化是沉积环境指示的重要参数与指标[28],通过对沉积岩中微量元素含量及分布,尤其是一些相关元素比值的研究,可以分析当时的沉积地质条件[29]。根据主量元素及微量元素含量变化及相关比值的变化,结合部分矿物成份,分析下扬子地区二叠系中上统沉积环境,整体而言,下扬子泥页岩沉积于海陆过渡相-海相还原环境中(图8)。
3.2.1 孤峰组
整体为水下还原沉积环境,沉积体系为深水陆棚-深水盆地相向浅水陆棚相逐渐过渡。孤峰组早期, Al、Rb等元素含量处于整体最低值,且Al/Si低(<0.2),Rb/Sr低(<0.2),Si含量较高,说明在孤峰组早期处于较深的海平面之下,岩性主要为硅质页岩,石英含量较高,大于90%,以自生石英为主,粒度小,主要分布在0.2~10 μm;草莓状黄铁矿相对较低,粒径小,圆度高,晶间接触紧密,主要为沉积期形成。随着水体变浅,Al、Ti、Rb等元素含量开始增加,Si含量相对降低,Ca元素含量增加,Al/Si高(>0.5),Rb/Sr高(>0.5),长石、黄铁矿、伊利石、白云石等矿物逐渐增加,表明该时段陆源沉积物增加,沉积环境由深水盆地相向深水陆棚相转变,主要发育富钙硅质泥页岩、硅质泥页岩、钙质泥页岩、碳质泥页岩。之后随着水体进一步变浅,高岭石、云母等陆源沉积物加入,碳酸盐矿物逐步减少,沉积环境进一步变为浅水陆棚相。
3.2.2 龙潭组
整体而言,该组指示陆源输入的Al、Ti、Si、Rb等元素处于高值水平,而与海相环境沉积密切的Ca、Ba等元素含量较低,具有较高的Rb/Sr(>0.4)、Ba/Sr(>2)和Al/Si(>0.3),矿物成份以石英、长石、黏土矿物为主,说明龙潭组整体陆源碎屑供给相对较丰富,位于正常浪基面之上的浅海环境-海陆交互相沉积环境为主。龙潭组内部变化也较为明显,其中龙潭组早期Al、Ti、Si、Rb等元素处于全段最高值,且较为稳定,Rb/Sr高(>0.5),Al/Si高(>0.5)说明该时段陆源碎屑供给丰富,海平面较低,属于三角洲-滨浅海沉积环境。随后水体逐渐变深,局部Ca元素含量增加,而Al、Si、Ti等元素相对减少,说明该时段水体加深,转变为滨浅海沉积环境。随着水体的加深,一直到龙潭组中期(1 046 m)Al、Rb等元素含量持续减少,且Rb/Sr小于0.5,Al/Si小于0.3,但Ca元素含量并未随之增加,该时段沉积环境变为浅海沉积环境。经过一段时期的海相沉积之后,Al、Ti、Rb等元素含量开始增加,而Ca元素含量并未随之增加(1 020~1 030 m), Si元素有个局部升高,而Al元素反而下降,说明该层段砂砾岩明显增加,在1 000~1 020 m等段,Rb、Ti、Fe元素含量急剧升高,而Al元素反而下降,说明该段泥质含量增加,指示沉积环境具有丰富的铁质来源、水动力动荡的还原-弱还原沉积条件,均属于海平面较低,陆源沉积丰富的海陆过渡相/三角洲沉积环境。随着Al、Si、Ti、Rb等元素含量持续下降,Rb/Sr小于0.5,Al/Si小于0.4,说明龙潭组晚期水体加深,岩性也由陆源碎屑沉积逐渐向灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩等稳定水体沉积过渡。
3.2.3 大隆组
岩性以含粉砂硅质泥岩、泥岩,钙硅质、硅云质泥岩为主。整体而言指示陆源输入的Al、Ti等元素含量较小,与海相环境沉积相关的Ca、Sr等元素含量较高,具有较低的Rb/Sr(0.1~0.4)和Ba/Sr(<1)。结合矿物成份,在大隆组早期,随着龙潭组晚期海水入侵,具有较小的Ba/Sr,碳酸盐矿物丰富,说明在大隆组早期出现短期的海水较深的陆棚沉积,而后期随着海平逐渐降低,Ba/Sr有所增大,与陆源沉积密切的石英、长石、黏土矿物等逐步增高,逐渐发育为浅水陆棚相。
4 结论
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利用XRF分析下扬子地区二叠系中上统泥页岩地层元素含量变化,整体上,垂向上与陆源沉积相相关的Al、Ti、Si、Rb等元素具有较高-高-低的变化特征,而指示海相沉积的Ca、Sr等元素整体含量变化不大,在大隆组变化较大。元素含量比值在垂向也呈现一定的规律,其中Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr呈现低-高-低的变化趋势。基于元素含量变化规律结合矿物成分,分析下扬子地区二叠系中上统沉积环境,从下而上从深水盆地相-深水陆棚相-海陆过渡相-浅水陆棚相,期间水体从较深-较浅-较深的整体变化趋势。其中孤峰组初期为深水盆地相,逐步进入到深水陆棚相,龙潭组变化较大,期间经历了多次海进和海退,岩性和元素变化较大,而大隆组海平面发生短期沉降之后水体逐步加,沉积环境进入下一阶段。
基金
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  • 中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230601)
  • 科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101802)
文献
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308487
  • 接收时间：2023-10-31
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-31
  • 修回日期：2024-11-05
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中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230601)
科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101802)
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    自然资源实物地质资料中心, 北京 100083

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*刘晓(1984—),男,汉族,山东威海人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质及岩心数字化应用。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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