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Article(id=1156949363617518149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401783, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710259200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-13, revisedDate=1732118400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823366, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823366, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823366, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823366, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1475, endPage=1481, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949364166971979, articleId=1156949363617518149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effect of Lip Spraying PTFE Material on the Performance of Rotary Seal under High Speed and Bad Lubrication, columnId=1156264600770302582, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Energy and Power Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the technical problem of insufficient reliability and life of rotary seal under the coupling effect of high pressure and high speed and medium corrosion, experimental research on rotary lip seal was carried out, a high-speed rotary lip seal test bed with pressure was designed and built, leakage and friction torque characteristic tests of lip seal were carried out, simulation calculation of lip seal was carried out, and a new type of seal with low friction coating was innovatively proposed. The temperature rise and torque comparison test of traditional seal and spraying new seal at different speeds were carried out. The experimental results show that the lip spraying tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the seal. When the rotational speed increases by 1 000 r/min, after reaching the heat balance temperature, the temperature rise of the spray lip seal is 2.4 °C lower than that of the traditional lip seal. Under the pressure condition, the temperature of the coated lip seal is about 3.48 °C lower than that of the traditional lip seal. Under the condition of high speed and poor lubrication, the temperature of the spray lip seal is about 4.61 °C lower than that of the traditional lip seal, but the sealing torque increases by about 0.03 N·m. The sealing performance is evaluated from two aspects of sealing temperature rise and sealing friction torque, which provides theoretical support for solving the technical problems of high parameter rotary seal.

, correspAuthors=Xing-yun JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue WU, Fan ZHANG, Ji-chuan TANG, Xing-yun JIA, Qing-wang QIN, Hong HE, Gui-zhe XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949426846651276, articleId=1156949363617518149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=能源与动力工程唇口喷涂PTFE材料对高转速恶润滑条件下旋转密封性能影响, columnId=1156264600912908920, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·能源与动力工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决高压高速与介质腐蚀的耦合作用下旋转密封可靠性与寿命不足的技术难题,针对旋转唇形密封开展试验研究,设计搭建带压高速旋转唇形密封试验台,开展唇形密封泄漏与摩擦转矩特性试验,开展唇形密封仿真计算,并创新性地提出一种带有低摩擦涂层的新型密封件,开展传统密封和喷涂新型密封在不同转速下密封温升和扭矩对比试验。实验结果显示:唇口喷涂聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料可有效降低密封温升,转速每增加1 000 r/min,在达到热平衡温度后,喷涂唇形密封较传统唇形密封温升降低2.4 ℃,带压工况下,涂层唇形密封较传统唇形密封温度低约3.48 ℃,高转速且恶润滑条件,喷涂唇形密封较传统唇形密封温度降低约4.61 ℃,但密封扭矩增加约0.03 N·m。从密封温升与密封摩擦转矩两方面评价密封性能,为解决高参数旋转密封技术难题提供理论支撑。

, correspAuthors=贾兴运, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*贾兴运(1992—),男,汉族,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授。研究方向:旋转机械减振密封技术。E-mail:。
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吴樾(1992—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:。

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吴樾(1992—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:。

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吴樾(1992—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:。

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Lubrication Engineering, 2018, 43(3): 69-74., articleTitle=Temperature field analysis of rotary shaft lip seal based on ABAQUS, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225944429358395458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363617518149, awardId=52305176, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52305176), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225944416075034742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363617518149, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944416083423351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363617518149, companyId=1225944416075034742, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China State Shipbuilding Corporation 703 Research Institute, Harbin 150000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225944416096006265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363617518149, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Calculation model material property parameter Settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料参数 丁腈橡胶 聚四氟
乙烯粉末		 旋转轴
弹性模量/MPa 7.08 2.8×102 2.0×105
密度/(kg·m-3) 1 000 2 200 7 780
泊松比 0.499 5 0.400 0 0.300 0
比热容/
(J·kg-1·K-1)		 1 700 960 470
导热系数/
(W·m-1·K-1)		 0.25 0.24 39.2
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427798114338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363617518149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

计算模型材料性能参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料参数 丁腈橡胶 聚四氟
乙烯粉末		 旋转轴
弹性模量/MPa 7.08 2.8×102 2.0×105
密度/(kg·m-3) 1 000 2 200 7 780
泊松比 0.499 5 0.400 0 0.300 0
比热容/
(J·kg-1·K-1)		 1 700 960 470
导热系数/
(W·m-1·K-1)		 0.25 0.24 39.2
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能源与动力工程唇口喷涂PTFE材料对高转速恶润滑条件下旋转密封性能影响
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吴樾 1, 2 , 张帆 1 , 唐冀川 3 , 贾兴运 4, * , 秦庆旺 4 , 何洪 5 , 许桂哲 5
科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025,25(4): 1475-1481
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025, 25(4): 1475-1481
能源与动力工程唇口喷涂PTFE材料对高转速恶润滑条件下旋转密封性能影响
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吴樾1, 2 , 张帆1, 唐冀川3, 贾兴运4, * , 秦庆旺4, 何洪5, 许桂哲5
作者信息
  • 1 中国船舶集团有限公司第703研究所, 哈尔滨 150000
  • 2 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院, 北京 100191
  • 3 哈尔滨广瀚燃气轮机有限公司, 哈尔滨 150000
  • 4 北京化工大学化工安全教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100029
  • 5 广东天诚密封件股份有限公司, 揭阳 522000

    • 吴樾(1992—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

*贾兴运(1992—),男,汉族,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授。研究方向:旋转机械减振密封技术。E-mail:。
Effect of Lip Spraying PTFE Material on the Performance of Rotary Seal under High Speed and Bad Lubrication
Yue WU1, 2 , Fan ZHANG1, Ji-chuan TANG3, Xing-yun JIA4, * , Qing-wang QIN4, Hong HE5, Gui-zhe XU5
Affiliations
  • 1 China State Shipbuilding Corporation 703 Research Institute, Harbin 150000, China
  • 2 Transportation Science and Engineering College, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
  • 3 Harbin Guanghan Gas Turbine Co., Ltd., Harbin 150000, China
  • 4 Ministry of Chemical Safety Education Engineering Research Centre, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  • 5 Guangdong Tiancheng Seal Co., Ltd., Jieyang 522000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401783
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摘要
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为解决高压高速与介质腐蚀的耦合作用下旋转密封可靠性与寿命不足的技术难题,针对旋转唇形密封开展试验研究,设计搭建带压高速旋转唇形密封试验台,开展唇形密封泄漏与摩擦转矩特性试验,开展唇形密封仿真计算,并创新性地提出一种带有低摩擦涂层的新型密封件,开展传统密封和喷涂新型密封在不同转速下密封温升和扭矩对比试验。实验结果显示:唇口喷涂聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料可有效降低密封温升,转速每增加1 000 r/min,在达到热平衡温度后,喷涂唇形密封较传统唇形密封温升降低2.4 ℃,带压工况下,涂层唇形密封较传统唇形密封温度低约3.48 ℃,高转速且恶润滑条件,喷涂唇形密封较传统唇形密封温度降低约4.61 ℃,但密封扭矩增加约0.03 N·m。从密封温升与密封摩擦转矩两方面评价密封性能,为解决高参数旋转密封技术难题提供理论支撑。

唇形密封  /  唇口喷涂  /  旋转密封  /  温升  /  摩擦转矩

In order to solve the technical problem of insufficient reliability and life of rotary seal under the coupling effect of high pressure and high speed and medium corrosion, experimental research on rotary lip seal was carried out, a high-speed rotary lip seal test bed with pressure was designed and built, leakage and friction torque characteristic tests of lip seal were carried out, simulation calculation of lip seal was carried out, and a new type of seal with low friction coating was innovatively proposed. The temperature rise and torque comparison test of traditional seal and spraying new seal at different speeds were carried out. The experimental results show that the lip spraying tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the seal. When the rotational speed increases by 1 000 r/min, after reaching the heat balance temperature, the temperature rise of the spray lip seal is 2.4 °C lower than that of the traditional lip seal. Under the pressure condition, the temperature of the coated lip seal is about 3.48 °C lower than that of the traditional lip seal. Under the condition of high speed and poor lubrication, the temperature of the spray lip seal is about 4.61 °C lower than that of the traditional lip seal, but the sealing torque increases by about 0.03 N·m. The sealing performance is evaluated from two aspects of sealing temperature rise and sealing friction torque, which provides theoretical support for solving the technical problems of high parameter rotary seal.

lip seal  /  lip spray  /  rotary seal  /  temperature rise  /  frictional torque
吴樾, 张帆, 唐冀川, 贾兴运, 秦庆旺, 何洪, 许桂哲. 能源与动力工程唇口喷涂PTFE材料对高转速恶润滑条件下旋转密封性能影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1475 -1481 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401783
Yue WU, Fan ZHANG, Ji-chuan TANG, Xing-yun JIA, Qing-wang QIN, Hong HE, Gui-zhe XU. Effect of Lip Spraying PTFE Material on the Performance of Rotary Seal under High Speed and Bad Lubrication[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1475 -1481 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401783
正文
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唇形密封作为接触式旋转密封中技术较成熟的密封形式,在工业领域被广泛应用。在实际工程应用中,设备的工作压力、工作转速、工作介质性质、温度以及润滑条件是影响唇形密封圈寿命的关键。当唇形密封线速度较大或密封压力较大时,密封与转轴摩擦剧烈,密封件温升较大,橡胶材料易出现老化,唇口与转轴接触部位出现较严重的磨损,严重影响唇形密封的使用时间。此外,当密封介质具有一定的腐蚀性时,高压高速工况与腐蚀介质的耦合作用下,会进一步影响旋转密封的可靠性与使用寿命。当旋转密封处于不良的摩擦环境时会引发严重磨损,常会引发介质泄漏,甚至影响整台设备的正常运行。
在唇形密封的理论研究方面,陈再胜[1]研究了水泥混凝土搅拌运输车中的液压油泵油封泄漏这一关键技术问题,揭示了液压油泵轴端唇形油封的失效原因,并指明如果液压油泵的油封出现泄漏,可能会对系统的功能造成损害,严重时会使系统失效。张启鑫[2]运用数值模拟的方法,针对旋转式唇形油封的功能影响因素与密封性能之间的关系展开了详尽研究,最后概括出各项设计参数对油封性能产生的规律性影响。杨化林等[3]对旋转式唇形密封的关键设计参数对主唇过盈配合区变形和应力的影响开展探究,结果表明,当密封与轴之间的过盈量、弹簧中心与唇尖轴向距离增大、弹簧刚度系数增强以及油面角增大时,再加上各参数变化几乎不会影响油侧接触宽度,主唇的最大应力和最大接触压力呈现类似的变化趋势。Day等[4]建立了包含流体黏度-温度关系、流体动力学分析和变形分析的热弹流润滑模型。Jian等[5]提出了一种混合润滑条件下旋转唇形密封的多物理场密封机理模型,考虑了流体-热-结构耦合关系,数值分析了轴转速和密封唇粗糙度对密封性能的影响。Omar等[6]利用油液温度、油液压力和转速的参数扫描,研究了海洋特定参数对唇形密封性能的影响。
润滑油泄漏潜藏着唇形密封的失效问题,许增祥[7]采用8D法对故障的根本原因进行探究,并制定出切实可行的解决方案。密封在发生硫化时,每个部位都会出现不同水平的紧缩现象,由于唇形密封的这一特点,在参数化建模中很难对其进行精确的控制,杨化林等[8]以变形复杂的唇口部位为研究重点,分析回转式唇形密封制品的收缩变形规律,构建了一套用于描述唇口部位收缩变形特性的数学模型。这一科研成果提升了唇形密封设计领域的技术水平。
在唇形密封故障分析与技术改进研究方面,徐斌云等[9]详细检测并分析了齿轮泵的唇形密封开裂的原因,结果表明,唇形密封的唇口部位缺乏必要的导向设计,加上橡胶材质硬度偏低,这些因素导致了油封唇口区域的质量问题。为解决这一问题,后续通过在主动齿轮轴上增设一种花键护套,借此改善了齿轮轴渐开线花键的有效长度,同时引入斜面导向设计至唇形密封的侧唇部位,并对将唇口的厚度和高度适当提升,以增加其强度,通过这一系列改进措施,有效提升了唇形密封在实际应用中的密封效果和使用寿命,经过改造后的唇形密封已成功应用在齿轮泵总成上。张胜有等[10]对轨道平车在使用时频繁出现的轴箱唇形密封脱落故障进行调查,详细分析了脱落的原因,发现了轴箱唇形密封在组装工艺方面存在的不足之处,进而有针对性地提出了整改策略。轴箱唇形密封组装工艺的改进,解决了唇形密封脱落的故障,有力保障了车辆的稳定运行。刘建刚[11]通过结合唇形密封的密封原理,开展了对刮板输送机减速器唇形密封出现漏油问题的研究,对漏油原因和安装结构进行了简要分析。针对唇形密封早期出现失效、漏油的问题,提出了工艺改进措施,以避免在运行过程中对整机造成损坏。
密封件喷涂改性技术方面,在机械密封件喷涂技术领域有相关资料以及工程应用[12-15],但是关于在橡胶密封材料上喷涂聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等低摩擦系数材料的公开报道较少。杜娟等[16]介绍了一种橡胶基密封材料,这种材料呈粉末状,其黏度在20~200 Pa·s/100 ℃,该材料是在不高于橡胶材料的脆化温度下,通过粉碎制成的,此类材料具有广泛的适用性。采用先进的喷涂工艺,能够将其均匀、紧密地附着于各类目标表面。李增荣等[17]为减小发动机磨损,在发动机缸体内壁通过电弧喷涂耐磨合金。通过实验证明涂层孔隙结构和表面氧化物能够有效减小磨损。张云鹏等[18]通过有限元模拟和实验验证,发现改变喷涂角度可以有效避免螺栓表面喷涂涂层厚度不均匀,并得到了螺栓喷涂时喷嘴的最佳喷涂角度。Shabbir[19]通过在轴套筒上喷涂不同材料的涂层,研究唇形密封的泄漏和密封性能。
为解决高压高速工况、弱腐蚀性介质与恶润滑条件耦合作用下旋转唇形密封出现的可靠性差与寿命短的现象,针对唇形密封开展试验研究,设计搭建了高速旋转唇形密封试验台,开展唇形密封泄漏与摩擦转矩特性试验,提出了一种密封唇口带有低摩擦涂层的新型唇形密封结构,在不改变唇形原有结构的基础上,唇口表面喷涂具备良好自润滑性能和低摩擦系数的PTFE材料,降低了密封唇口与轴摩擦系数,改善了唇形密封唇口耐磨性,极大提高唇形密封在汽车、机床等装备中恶润滑条件下的使用寿命和封严效果。为验证喷涂工艺对唇形密封性能的影响,与传统唇形密封开展对比试验,从密封温升与密封摩擦转矩两方面评价密封性能,为提高恶润滑条件下工作的高参数旋转唇形密封可靠性与寿命、拓宽唇形密封技术的性能边界提供新思路。
1 密封唇口喷涂改性
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通过特殊工艺在传统唇形密封唇口部位喷涂PTFE材料,以期改善唇口摩擦状态,控制密封温度升高,最终实现密封延寿增效。PTFE材料喷涂区域如图1所示。在密封唇口局部喷涂PTFE材料进行改性的好处是不会影响密封原有刚性,也不改变唇形密封的基本工作原理,局部喷涂的方法相对于将整个密封唇片改为较硬的PTFE材料,延续了橡胶材料为主体的唇形密封对抗轴系偏心、跳动或不对中的优势,即可以在复杂的轴系中进行补偿并维持优秀的密封效果。此外,在唇口即相对运动发生的摩擦磨损区域,喷涂PTFE这类的低摩擦系数材料可以实现自润滑,通过降低摩擦系数降低摩擦转矩,改善摩擦副摩擦状态,降低温升,并在恶润滑条件下保障密封效果。
2 数值计算模型与温度特性分析
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开展旋转密封试验装置改进设计与旋转密封试验设计工作前,利用数值计算方法对唇形密封-转子系统进行建模并开展温度场、应力场与变形量的数值计算研究。采用动力学分析方法开展温度场仿真计算,关键材料属性如表1所示,转轴转速设置为1 000~4 000 r/min,环境的初始温度设置为22 ℃,鉴于旋转唇形密封与转轴之间是过盈配合,将过盈量设置为1 mm。由于唇口喷涂的PTFE材料具有一定的自润滑性,故摩擦系数取值为0.05,橡胶的摩擦系数选择为0.25。
为更加真实地预测试验中密封与空气及介质之间热量交换,选择介质与密封的对流换热系数α=530 W/(m2·K)[20],与空气的对流换热系数为40 W/(m2·K),基于动力学计算的温度场计算结果作为载荷输入密封静力学计算模型中,施加径向位移使旋转密封达到理想的预紧状态以模拟真实密封与转子之间的压缩率。在转轴转速2 000 r/min与应力0.2 MPa工况下唇形密封温度场与应力场计算结果如图2所示。
通过数值计算(图2)可以发现,唇形密封接近唇口的摩擦位置的局部温度最高。由于橡胶材质的老化过程对温度极度敏感,在运行中由摩擦产生的高温会加速唇形密封材料的老化失效,从而影响其使用寿命。此外,唇形密封的热应力极易受到温度的影响,高温使得唇形密封的热应力变化值大,容易造成唇形密封出现应力松弛并产生裂纹。
3 低摩擦涂层唇形密封实验研究
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3.1 旋转密封实验台改进设计
为验证唇口喷涂PTFE材料实现传统旋转密封“提质增效”的可行性,改进设计了旋转唇形密封试验装置,如图3所示,该实验台可对不同转速、不同压力、不同介质、不同尺寸下旋转唇形密封及其替代产品的泄漏量、温度以及扭矩进行高精度测试,实现对传统唇形密封及低摩擦涂层唇形密封的对比测试,进而准确地评价密封性能。
该唇形密封实验台主要包括实验段和数据采集软件两部分,其中实验段包括高速变频电机、温度传感器、温度采集模块、扭矩传感器、扭矩采集模块、压力表、密封、实验腔、介质进出口管道、齿轮泵等,数据采集软件则包括温度数据采集软件和扭矩数据采集软件。
密封评价的实验流程简述如下,首先开启齿轮泵为实验腔内的待测密封提供带有一定压力的循环介质,然后开启变频电机调整至试验转速,让实验腔两端的待测密封在相同的介质压力和实验转速下工作,设备调试达到试验点参数后,通过温度采集软件和扭矩采集软件采集实验过程中密封的温度和扭矩数据,密封的泄漏流体则通过小容器收集捕捉,达到一定时间后测量泄漏流体的重量,通过计算得到密封的泄漏量数据,最后,在实验结束后对传统唇形密封及低摩擦涂层唇形密封的泄漏量、温度和扭矩数据结果进行处理,为开展密封性能对比分析提供数据支撑。
3.2 旋转密封实验结果分析
某设备中,两道串联的唇形密封用于密封常压润滑油介质,其中,靠外部的唇形密封基本处于干摩擦状态或恶润滑状态。试验中,首先开展了无润滑条件下传统唇形密封实验研究,旋转密封试验件的温度和扭矩测试结果如图4所示,结果显示,随着时间的增加,传统唇形密封的温度和扭矩的变化趋势都趋于平稳,最后达到比较稳定的数值。随着转速的增加,传统唇形密封的温度也在不断增加,转速每增加1 000 r/min传统唇形密封的温度增加约6.04 ℃,此外,实验中动态测试了不同转速下的扭矩,结果显示,实验初始密封的摩擦扭矩较大,达到约0.4 N·m,随着实验时长的增加,密封与旋转轴摩擦界面跑合后,扭矩测试结果趋于稳定,此外,当转速为500 r/min时扭矩较大,转速增大后,转速对传统唇形密封的扭矩影响不明显。
与图2仿真结果比较,发现在2 000 r/min无润滑条件下,传统唇形密封最大温度仿真结果和实验结果误差较小,仿真结果为44.09 ℃,实验中密封温度稳定时温度为45.01 ℃,误差仅为2%。
介质带压且恶润滑条件下(如密封介质为水或者海水情况下),对传统唇形密封与低摩擦涂层唇形密封进行对比。对比试验结果(图5)显示,随着测试时间的增加,唇口喷涂PTFE材料的低摩擦涂层唇形密封的温度和扭矩的变化趋势与传统唇形密封一样趋于平稳,最后达到比较稳定的数值。随着测试转速的增加,低摩擦涂层唇形密封的温度也在不断增加,转速每增加1 000 r/min,喷涂唇形密封的温度增加约3.64 ℃。温度结果显示,介质带压且恶润滑工况下,低摩擦涂层唇形密封的温度都低于传统唇形密封的温度。与传统唇形密封相比,低摩擦涂层唇形密封可以使平衡温度降低约0.99~4.61 ℃,这对提高密封寿命有积极作用。
如图6、图7所示,测试中一侧带有低摩擦涂层唇形密封时的试验扭矩大于传统唇形密封的扭矩,相对于传统唇形密封,唇口喷涂PTFE会导致唇形密封扭矩增加约0.03 N·m。带压工况相对常压工况下,低摩擦涂层唇形密封和传统唇形密封的扭矩均增加约0.08 N·m。
综上所述,对比试验结果说明,低摩擦涂层唇形密封试验件的扭矩大于传统唇形密封的扭矩,低摩擦涂层唇形密封的温度则要小于传统唇形密封的温度,由于唇形密封的唇口与轴接触且摩擦磨损区域喷涂PTFE材料实际上增加了唇口的厚度,缩小了密封唇口的内径,造成密封与轴之间的过盈量加大,增大了密封与轴的抱紧程度,导致了唇口喷涂PTFE唇形密封扭矩增大。温度方面,由于唇口喷涂的PTFE材料具有良好的自润滑性,在恶润滑条件下保证了低摩擦系数,使其摩擦升温较低,因此低摩擦涂层唇形密封的平衡温度低于传统唇形密封。
4 结论
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为解决恶润滑条件传统唇形密封使用寿命不足的难题,改造旋转唇形密封试验台,按照实际密封运行工况开展了旋转唇形密封试验研究,研究唇形密封的温升特性与扭矩特性,提出在密封唇口喷涂PTFE材料的减摩延寿的想法,并开展初步的对比试验研究,得出如下主要结论。
(1)唇口喷涂PTFE材料可以降低摩擦系数以改善旋转唇形密封温升,旋转密封达到热平衡温度后,转速每增加1 000 r/min传统唇形密封的温度增加约6.04 ℃,转速每增加1 000 r/min低摩擦涂层唇形密封增加约3.64 ℃,带压工况下,低摩擦涂层唇形密封相较传统唇形密封温度降低约3.48 ℃,高转速且恶润滑条件,唇口喷涂PTFE唇形密封相较传统唇形密封温度降低约4.61 ℃。
(2)唇口喷涂会导致密封内径变小,过盈量加大,密封跑合后,低摩擦涂层唇形密封相较传统唇形密封扭矩增加约0.03 N·m,转速对传统唇形密封和低摩擦涂层唇形密封的扭矩基本无影响。
(3)唇口喷涂PTFE材料可能是旋转唇形密封改善唇口摩擦磨损状态、减摩延寿的有效途径,值得注意的是,不建议在唇形密封标准件上喷涂后使用,尺寸变化易造成扭矩增大,唇口喷涂PTFE唇形密封需要考虑涂层厚度后重新设计密封本体尺寸,此外,应注意涂层脱落问题,耐刮耐磨不脱落的PTFE喷涂技术是极为需要的。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52305176)
文献
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401783
  • 接收时间：2024-03-13
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-03-13
  • 修回日期：2024-11-21
基金
国家自然科学基金(52305176)
作者信息
    1 中国船舶集团有限公司第703研究所, 哈尔滨 150000
    2 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院, 北京 100191
    3 哈尔滨广瀚燃气轮机有限公司, 哈尔滨 150000
    4 北京化工大学化工安全教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100029
    5 广东天诚密封件股份有限公司, 揭阳 522000

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*贾兴运(1992—),男,汉族,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授。研究方向:旋转机械减振密封技术。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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