Article(id=1156949363005149759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309621, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701792000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-06, revisedDate=1731254400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823216, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823216, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823216, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823216, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1392, endPage=1399, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949363525243459, articleId=1156949363005149759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Clustering of Discontinuity Orientation Based on Mean Shift Clustering Algorithm, columnId=1156264152168518571, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The clustering of discontinuity orientation is crucial for revealing the distribution and characteristics of various types of discontinuities. Conventional clustering methods based on discontinuity pole density maps often rely on geological experience and lack objectivity. Therefore, the mean shift clustering algorithm was introduced to study the clustering of discontinuity orientation. Initially, discontinuity orientations with different degrees of dispersion were manually generated. Subsequently, these orientation data were converted into coordinates in 3-D space, and the sinusoidal value γ of the unit normal vector was employed as the similarity measure. The mean shift algorithm was then used to perform clustering analysis on the measured data set. Compared with the conventional pole density map method and the K-means clustering algorithm, the validity test index and clustering error recognition rate were close to those of the K-means clustering algorithm. Finally, taking the Chongqing Sangong rock slope as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the new method were verified by field data. The results show that the performance of the proposed method surpasses that of the conventional discontinuity pole density map and K-means clustering algorithm. The clustering results are objective and reasonable, and the clustering effect for near-horizontal discontinuities is also satisfactory.

, correspAuthors=Xin ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shi-yan PENG, Xin ZHOU, Zhuang SHEN, Qian-bo XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949423717700434, articleId=1156949363005149759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于均值漂移聚类算法的岩体结构面产状优势分组, columnId=1156264152306930605, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·矿冶工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=岩体结构面产状的优势分组对于揭示不同类型结构面的分布规律和特征具有重要意义。传统的结构面极点密度图分组方法通常较为依赖地质经验,缺乏一定客观性,为此,引入均值漂移聚类算法开展岩体结构面产状优势分组研究。首先,人工生成不同离散程度岩体结构面产状数据。随后,将生成的产状数据转换为三维空间中的坐标,并以单位法向量的夹角正弦值γ作为相似性度量标准。接下来采用均值漂移算法对度量的数据集进行聚类分析,通过与传统的极点密度图法和K均值聚类算法进行比较,有效性检验指标和聚类错误识别率与K均值聚类算法接近一致。最后以重庆三功矿岩质边坡为工程实例,通过野外采集到的结构面数据验证了新方法的合理性及有效性。结果表明:该方法聚类效果优于传统的极点图分组方法和K均值聚类算法,聚类结果客观合理,对近水平产状也有良好的聚类效果。, correspAuthors=周鑫, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*周鑫(1990—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,讲师。研究方向:地质工程。E-mail:
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彭是焱(1999—),男,汉族,重庆垫江人,硕士,助理工程师。研究方向:岩石力学。E-mail:

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Simulation parameters for discontinuity generation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 条数
1 1 40 100
2 90 40 100
3 189 40 100
4 268 40 100
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427668095882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

生成结构面的模拟参数

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组数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 条数
1 1 40 100
2 90 40 100
3 189 40 100
4 268 40 100
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427781342100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of clustering validity index and identification error rate

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聚类算法 离散程度 Xie-Beni
指标
错误识
别条数
错误识
别率%
15 0.085 4 1.00
K均值算法 20 0.054 5 1.25
25 0.037 9 2.25
15 0.090 4 1.00
均值漂移算法 20 0.056 4 1.00
25 0.037 8 2.00
), ArticleFig(id=1225944427965891490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

聚类有效性指标和识别错误率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
聚类算法 离散程度 Xie-Beni
指标
错误识
别条数
错误识
别率%
15 0.085 4 1.00
K均值算法 20 0.054 5 1.25
25 0.037 9 2.25
15 0.090 4 1.00
均值漂移算法 20 0.056 4 1.00
25 0.037 8 2.00
), ArticleFig(id=1225944429391954872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of clustering results between K-means algorithm and mean shift algorithm

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聚类算法 D=15 D=20 D=25
倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 结构面条数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 结构面条数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 结构面条数
K均值算法 3.5 39.9 102 3.0 42.7 104 2.3 44.6 91
92.6 41.2 98 90.4 43.1 96 85.0 40.8 102
189.2 40.7 102 186.8 42.1 101 183.1 42.0 107
266.4 39.1 98 268.4 41.3 99 268.9 43.5 100
均值漂移算法 3.5 39.9 102 3.0 42.7 104 1.7 44.1 92
92.6 41.2 98 91.4 42.7 98 85.1 41.4 102
189.2 40.7 102 187.8 42.5 99 181.9 42.4 104
266.4 39.1 98 268.4 41.3 99 267.2 43.0 102
), ArticleFig(id=1225944429660390344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

K均值算法和均值漂移算法聚类结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
聚类算法 D=15 D=20 D=25
倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 结构面条数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 结构面条数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 结构面条数
K均值算法 3.5 39.9 102 3.0 42.7 104 2.3 44.6 91
92.6 41.2 98 90.4 43.1 96 85.0 40.8 102
189.2 40.7 102 186.8 42.1 101 183.1 42.0 107
266.4 39.1 98 268.4 41.3 99 268.9 43.5 100
均值漂移算法 3.5 39.9 102 3.0 42.7 104 1.7 44.1 92
92.6 41.2 98 91.4 42.7 98 85.1 41.4 102
189.2 40.7 102 187.8 42.5 99 181.9 42.4 104
266.4 39.1 98 268.4 41.3 99 267.2 43.0 102
), ArticleFig(id=1225944429937214427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Discontinuity clustering results and their efficiency indexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 条数 Xie-Beni指标
1 345.10 18.56 61
2 209.16 71.22 18 0.087
3 150.92 66.85 14
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430088209387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949363005149759, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

结构面分组结果及其有效性指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组数 倾向/(°) 倾角/(°) 条数 Xie-Beni指标
1 345.10 18.56 61
2 209.16 71.22 18 0.087
3 150.92 66.85 14
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基于均值漂移聚类算法的岩体结构面产状优势分组
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彭是焱 1, 2 , 周鑫 1, * , 申壮 3 , 徐千博 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025,25(4): 1392-1399
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025, 25(4): 1392-1399
基于均值漂移聚类算法的岩体结构面产状优势分组
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彭是焱1, 2 , 周鑫1, * , 申壮3, 徐千博1
作者信息
  • 1 重庆交通大学河海学院, 重庆 400074
  • 2 西北综合勘察设计研究院, 西安 710003
  • 3 山西省勘察设计研究院有限公司, 太原 030013
  • 彭是焱(1999—),男,汉族,重庆垫江人,硕士,助理工程师。研究方向:岩石力学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*周鑫(1990—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,讲师。研究方向:地质工程。E-mail:
Clustering of Discontinuity Orientation Based on Mean Shift Clustering Algorithm
Shi-yan PENG1, 2 , Xin ZHOU1, * , Zhuang SHEN3, Qian-bo XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Hohai College, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
  • 2 Northwest Integrated Survey and Design Research Institute, Xi’an 710003, China
  • 3 Shanxi Survey and Design Institute Co, Ltd., Taiyuan 030013, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309621
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岩体结构面产状的优势分组对于揭示不同类型结构面的分布规律和特征具有重要意义。传统的结构面极点密度图分组方法通常较为依赖地质经验,缺乏一定客观性,为此,引入均值漂移聚类算法开展岩体结构面产状优势分组研究。首先,人工生成不同离散程度岩体结构面产状数据。随后,将生成的产状数据转换为三维空间中的坐标,并以单位法向量的夹角正弦值γ作为相似性度量标准。接下来采用均值漂移算法对度量的数据集进行聚类分析,通过与传统的极点密度图法和K均值聚类算法进行比较,有效性检验指标和聚类错误识别率与K均值聚类算法接近一致。最后以重庆三功矿岩质边坡为工程实例,通过野外采集到的结构面数据验证了新方法的合理性及有效性。结果表明:该方法聚类效果优于传统的极点图分组方法和K均值聚类算法,聚类结果客观合理,对近水平产状也有良好的聚类效果。
岩体  /  结构面产状  /  优势分组  /  均值漂移聚类算法

The clustering of discontinuity orientation is crucial for revealing the distribution and characteristics of various types of discontinuities. Conventional clustering methods based on discontinuity pole density maps often rely on geological experience and lack objectivity. Therefore, the mean shift clustering algorithm was introduced to study the clustering of discontinuity orientation. Initially, discontinuity orientations with different degrees of dispersion were manually generated. Subsequently, these orientation data were converted into coordinates in 3-D space, and the sinusoidal value γ of the unit normal vector was employed as the similarity measure. The mean shift algorithm was then used to perform clustering analysis on the measured data set. Compared with the conventional pole density map method and the K-means clustering algorithm, the validity test index and clustering error recognition rate were close to those of the K-means clustering algorithm. Finally, taking the Chongqing Sangong rock slope as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the new method were verified by field data. The results show that the performance of the proposed method surpasses that of the conventional discontinuity pole density map and K-means clustering algorithm. The clustering results are objective and reasonable, and the clustering effect for near-horizontal discontinuities is also satisfactory.

rock mass  /  discontinuity orientation  /  clustering method  /  mean shift clustering algorithm
彭是焱, 周鑫, 申壮, 徐千博. 基于均值漂移聚类算法的岩体结构面产状优势分组. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1392 -1399 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309621
Shi-yan PENG, Xin ZHOU, Zhuang SHEN, Qian-bo XU. Clustering of Discontinuity Orientation Based on Mean Shift Clustering Algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1392 -1399 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309621
岩体中广泛存在的不连续结构面,赋予了岩体较强的不连续性、非均质性和各向异性。这些随机分布的结构面对岩体的变形、强度、渗透性、应力-应变行为以及破坏模式等产生重要影响[1-3]。而结构面产状是评价和描述岩体中结构面特征的重要指标。因此,对于岩体结构面产状进行分析和分组,是研究岩体力学特性、进行岩体稳定性评价以及岩体计算模拟的基础[4-5],对于岩体工程设计和稳定性评价具有关键意义。
传统的评价方法常以绘制玫瑰花图、极点图以及得到极点等密度投影图等提供初步的视觉展示,但存在一定的主观性,容易受到评价者的经验和人为因素的影响[6]。为了克服对结构面产状优势分组过程中的主观性,研究者开始尝试应用聚类算法进行分组。聚类算法可以按照不同的方式进行分类,包括基于划分、基于层次、基于密度、基于网格和智能聚类等方式[7]。每种方式都有不同的优缺点和适用范围,选择合适的算法需要结合具体问题需求和数据特点进行综合考虑。Shanley等[8]和Mahtab等[9]是最早应用聚类算法建立目标函数的研究者,消除了人工分组计数方法的主观性,并取得了较为理想的结果。Zhou等[10]和Hammah等[11]分别提出的K均值聚类法和模糊聚类法(fuzzy C-Means,FCM),这两种方法是岩体结构面组数划分最常用的方法,但需要事先指定聚类数目和进行初始划分,且结果易陷入局部最优解。张奇等[12]、张化进等[13]和侯钦宽等[14]分别使用凝聚层次聚类算法、基于密度的聚类方法(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN,DBSCAN)和编网算法来进行岩体结构面优势产状的分组,并使用数据清洗和选择性聚类集成等方法去除异常数据,提高了分类结果的准确性和可靠性。不仅如此,相继有学者将变尺度混沌优化算法[15]、量子粒子群优化算法[16]、人工蜂群算法[17]等智能算法引入多参数优势分组中,考虑了结构面产状、密度等多参数对分组的影响。近年来,多种算法被用于结构面优势分组[18-26],如凝聚层次聚类[18]、密度峰值[19]、遗传算法[21]、鹈鹕优化算法[23]、模拟退火法[24]、萤火虫算法等,这些算法不仅解决了需要预先指定聚类个数和避免收敛到局部最优解的技术难题,还更为简单、精确,为岩体结构面优势分组研究增添了新的方法与思路。
鉴于此,引入一种能不需要预先指定聚类个数,具备自适应确定聚类中心能力的均值漂移聚类算法,对岩体结构面产状进行优势分组研究。目前均值漂移算法在进行地震资料速度谱拾取、中压配电网拓扑辨识、跟踪泵站基本参数、深度作用正电子发射断层扫描仪(depth of interaction-positron emission tomography,DOI-PET)探测器泛场图像晶体识别等研究和领域中都取得了较好的效果[27-30],具有良好应用前景。因此,借助该算法较强的数据追踪能力、密集区辨识能力对结构面产状进行优势分组研究。首先,人工生成了不同离散程度岩体结构面产状数据。随后,将生成的产状数据转换为三维空间中的坐标,并以单位法向量的夹角正弦值γ作为相似性度量标准。接下来采用均值漂移算法对度量的数据集进行聚类分析,通过与传统的极点密度图法和K均值聚类算法进行比较,有效性检验指标和聚类错误识别率与K均值聚类算法接近一致。最后以重庆三功矿岩质边坡为工程实例,通过野外采集到的结构面数据验证新方法的合理性及有效性。为岩体结构面产状优势分组提供一种新方法,有助于岩体工程稳定性评价。
对岩体结构面产状进行分组研究时,首先,常用的方法是对结构面倾向α和倾角β数据使用单位法向量来进行归一化处理。随后,再对岩体结构面的进行空间相似性度量,采用锐角γ的正弦值平方作为度量准则。倾向和倾角作为描述岩体结构面产状的主要参数,使用单位法向量表示结构面特征,并建立以倾向和倾角为坐标系的数学模型[12-14],如图1[31]所示,结构面产状的单位法向量P(X1,Y1,Z1)的坐标与倾向和倾角的关系可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{X}_{1}=sin\beta cos\alpha \\ {Y}_{1}=cos\alpha sin\beta \\ {Z}_{1}=cos\beta \end{array}\right.$
锐角γ可以由给定的两个结构面的单位法向量计算得到,通过对sinγ2的计算,可以对结构面之间的相似性进行度量,如式(2)所示。
D(P1,P2)=sinγ2=1-(P1PT2)2
式(2)中:P1P2为任意两结构面单位法向量;D(P1,P2)为任意两结构面单位法向量之间的相似性度量距离。
均值漂移聚类算法(mean-shift clustering algorithm)[27-30]是一种基于核密度估计的非参数聚类算法,其主要原理是通过不断寻找数据点密度最大的区域中心,从而聚类出样本集中的各个类别。具体来说,均值漂移算法首先随机选择一个点作为起始中心,然后根据样本点的密度分布,计算出该中心点所在区域内数据点的质心,即中心的漂移向量,然后将该漂移向量累加到中心点上,得到新的中心点。重复上述过程直到中心点不再发生明显的偏移,即达到稳态,然后将所有相邻的稳态中心进行合并得到聚类结果。相比于K均值聚类算法,均值聚类不需要提前指定聚类的个数,同时具备自适应的聚类中心确定能力,适用于非线性和复杂的数据集。
岩体结构面的相似度度量用于聚类算法中,帮助算法确定有相似性的结构面集合,从而进行聚类分组。均值漂移聚类算法的步骤如下:首先,将结构面产状倾向(0°~360°)和倾角(0°~90°)转换为三维空间中的坐标,以单位法向量的夹角正弦值作为相似性度量标准,计算出聚类数据集(相似性矩阵)X;然后,初始化算法参数,包括带宽参数h和聚类数据集X。接着,对于每个数据点Xi,计算周围点的密度估计值${M}_{\left({X}_{i}\right)}$,并使用高斯核函数来衡量点之间的相似度。在此基础上,使用均值漂移向量${{M}_{S}}_{\left({X}_{i}\right)}$,确定每个数据点的位置移动方向,并使用漂移向量更新数据点的位置XiXi+${{M}_{S}}_{\left({X}_{i}\right)}$。然后,重复计算漂移向量和数据点位置的更新步骤,直到满足停止条件。最后,将每个数据点Xi归类到距离最近的聚类中心,生成聚类结果。具体步骤流程图,如图2所示。
漂移向量的计算公式为
${{M}_{S}}_{\left({X}_{i}\right)}$=$\frac{1}{{M}_{\left({X}_{i}\right)}}{\sum }_{{X}_{j}\in N\left({X}_{i}\right)}^{}$(Xj-Xi)K$\left(\frac{{X}_{j}-{X}_{i}}{ℎ}\right)$
式(3)中:XiXj为数据集中的第ij个数据点(特征向量);h为带宽参数,用于控制邻域的大小;N(Xi)为以Xi为中心、半径为h的球体内的数据点集合;K为核函数。
聚类算法的有效性检验是为了评估聚类结果的质量和可靠性:验证聚类质量、选择最佳聚类数目、评估聚类结果的稳定性、确定聚类簇的紧密性和分离性。将运用Xie-Beni有效性指标[12]作为评估聚类算法效果的度量指标。Xie-Beni 有效性指标能够较好的衡量聚类结果中各个样本点的紧密度和分离度,可以直接用来判断聚类结果的优劣。
Xie-Beni有效性指标的计算公式为
Xie-Beni=$\frac{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{k}{‖{X}_{i}-{C}_{j}‖}^{2}}{MinD({X}_{i},{C}_{j})}$
式(4)中:n为数据集中样本的数量;k为聚类的簇的数量;Xi为第i个样本的特征向量;Cj为第j个簇的质心;D(Xi,Cj)为样本Xi到簇Cj的距离;分子部分表示样本Xi相对于所属簇Cj的紧密度;分母部分则表示样本Xi相对于其他簇的分离程度。
Xie-Beni通过计算全部样本的紧密度与分离度的比值,并对其取对数,来综合评估聚类效果。值得注意的是,Xie-Beni指标越小表示聚类的效果越好。
为了验证均值漂移算法在结构面产状优势分组中的有效性,首先随机模拟生成了4组人工数据集,每组数据集包含100个产状数据,并假设服从正态分布[12],具体结构面生成模拟参数如表1所示。为了比较不同算法的优势分组结果,将均值漂移聚类算法与传统的极点图分组方法和K均值聚类算法进行对比分析。通过调节模拟数据的分布参数,比较两种算法在聚类产状数据、聚类检验性指标和错误识别率3个方面来验证两种算法在结构面产状优势分组中的有效性和准确性。
在对符合正态分布的产状数据进行分组时,通常使用标准差来衡量数据的紧密程度。较大的标准差表示数据相对分散,而较小的标准差表示数据相对集中。根据表1中的模拟参数,选择在标准差范围为15~25的离散程度进行分析[23]。在这个范围内,生成了符合正态分布的人工随机数据集,分别对应着离散度D=15、20、25,人工随机数据集极点密度图如图3所示。
通过运用K均值算法和均值漂移算法对人工随机数据集进行聚类分析,生成了相应的结构面极点图,如图4所示。比较不同离散度下的聚类有效性指标和识别错误率,如表2所示。进行两种聚类算法的聚类结果对比,具体结果如表3所示。
根据表2表3的结果可知,在D=15、20、25的情况下,K均值算法和均值漂移算法都展现出良好的分组效果,与模拟分组结果相近。聚类有效性指标和错误识别率也呈现出接近一致的趋势。这些发现进一步验证了均值漂移算法在结构面产状优势分组中的有效性和准确性。
重庆新合村三功矿废弃矿山岩质边坡,所在矿区属于川东平行岭谷区,地貌类型受地层岩性、地质构造的影响,背斜一般隆起成山,向斜长期剥蚀后形成丘陵。整个区域由西北向东南呈阶梯状逐渐由高向低变化,西部属中梁山脉,以低山为主,最高点海拔为650 m,中部和东南部以中丘、浅丘、平坝和沿河阶地为主,最低点位于区内长江出境处海拔为150 m,相对高差500 m。矿区内无大的断层发育,但地质构造复杂,节理裂隙发育,边坡岩性以灰色-深灰色中层状微晶灰岩为主。为了更好地获取边坡结构面的几何特征参数,在调查中,采用长10 m、宽2 m的窗口测量方法,如图5所示。为了保证测量的实际意义,对出露长度小于0.3 m的结构面不予统计。选择代表性良好、结构面出露条件良好的结构面进行统计描述,并获得93条结构面数据。
随后通过施密特下半球投影生成结构面产状极点图和极点密度图(图6)对结构面产状数据进行统计分析,不难发现该区域节理裂隙较为发育,初步判断可能存在3~7组(即聚类数K可能为3、4、5、6、7的情况)优势结构面,难以准确划分。为此,采用均值漂移算法对5种情况分别进行优势分组,并对5种情况分别开展有效性检验,所得Xie-Beni有效性指标结果依次为0.087、0.252、0.442、0.67、1.01,可见K=3时,有效性指标最小,表明聚类结果最好。因而可将本区域分为3组优势结构面。随后将均值漂移算法与K均值算法的聚类结果进行比较,划分出各组结构面如图7所示。结果显示,在近水平产状数据方面,均值漂移算法相较于K均值聚类具有明显优势。此外,当K=3时,K均值聚类的Xie-Beni指标数为0.094,大于均值漂移聚类的Xie-Beni指标数0.087,因此在K=3时,均值漂移算法的聚类结果优于K均值算法。对比图6图7可知,均值漂移算法能够准确地对数据进行聚类分析,并且所得到的分组结果符合实际情况,同时能够给出明确的组间边界,最优分组结果如表4所示。
将均值漂移聚类算法用于岩体结构面产状优势分组研究,经过人工生成的模拟结构面数据检验了算法有效性,并在重庆市新合村三功矿得以应用和检验,取得明显成效,可为后续岩体稳定性评价提供有力支撑。得出如下主要结论。
(1)通过人工随机生成不同离散程度的结构面产状数据,并分别采用引入的均值漂移聚类算法和K均值聚类算法进行优势分组聚类模拟对比,发现均值漂移聚类算法的Xie-Beni聚类有效性检验指标和聚类错误识别率与K均值聚类算法相近,从而证实了其聚类的有效性;均值漂移聚类算法相比较于传统聚类方法,无需预设初始聚类中心,能自动识别岩体结构面产状优势分组组数,克服了传统聚类方法依赖个人经验的问题。
(2)应用均值漂移聚类算法到重庆新合村三功矿岩质边坡地方工程实践表明,均值漂移聚类算法所得分组结果与现场判断一致,特别在对近水平产状数据的处理方面,均值漂移算法相较于K均值聚类算法所得结果更符合工程实际,为岩体工程设计和岩体工程稳定性分析提供理论基础。
  • 重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0869)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309621
  • 接收时间:2023-12-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-06
  • 修回日期:2024-11-11
基金
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0869)
重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202200709)
重庆市研究生联合培养基地建设项目(JDLHPYJD2022004)
作者信息
    1 重庆交通大学河海学院, 重庆 400074
    2 西北综合勘察设计研究院, 西安 710003
    3 山西省勘察设计研究院有限公司, 太原 030013

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*周鑫(1990—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,博士,讲师。研究方向:地质工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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