Article(id=1156908308641698577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307726, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696348800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-04, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758035096, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758035096, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758035096, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758035096, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=284, endPage=290, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908310344586008, articleId=1156908308641698577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Computer Visualization Simulation of Flexible Crop Stalk Based on Physical Mechanics, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

During growth, crop stalks are prone to bending deformation, posing challenges for computer visualization simulation. A differential analysis method was employed to investigate the physical stress-strain relationship of stalks, and a visualization simulation method was proposed for flexible stalks. Firstly, a mechanical model of the stalk under tensile, bending, shear, and torsional loads was established. Secondly, a geometric model based on a semi-structural approach and surface modeling was constructed. Finally, C++ and OpenGL were utilized to implement the visualization simulation. Experimental analysis of the bending stress-strain characteristics of stalks from different varieties was conducted. The results demonstrate that this method can relatively accurately simulate the deformation process of stalks. The physics-based model ensures the accuracy of bending simulation, providing a novel informatics analysis tool for selecting and breeding lodging-resistant crop varieties.

, correspAuthors=Xiang-ping CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-long YI, Chun-hua WEI, Xun-sheng ZHANG, Xiang-ping CHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908436479889927, articleId=1156908308641698577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于物理力学的柔性作物茎秆计算机可视化仿真, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

作物茎秆在生长期易发生弯曲变形,给计算机可视化仿真带来挑战。采用微分分析方法,探究茎秆物理应力应变关系,提出柔性茎秆可视化仿真方法。首先建立拉伸、弯曲、剪切和扭转载荷下的茎秆力学模型;其次构建基于半边结构和曲面造型的几何模型;最后采用C++和OpenGL实现可视化仿真。实验分析不同品种茎秆弯曲应力应变,结果表明该方法可较准确模拟茎秆形变过程,基于物理力学的模型可确保弯曲仿真精度,为选育抗倒伏品种提供新型信息化分析工具。

, correspAuthors=程香平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 程香平(1978—),女,汉族,河南新野人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:物理力学建模。E-mail:
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易文龙(1982—),男,汉族,江西庐山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:几何建模与仿真。E-mail:

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易文龙(1982—),男,汉族,江西庐山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:几何建模与仿真。E-mail:

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易文龙(1982—),男,汉族,江西庐山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:几何建模与仿真。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=IKacNh13bfv3HfCa6fhajw==, figureFileBig=CumXVMPk7QDYZIARJDJo+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205909122101346835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908308641698577, language=CN, label=图10, caption=模型回弹形变量对比分析, figureFileSmall=IKacNh13bfv3HfCa6fhajw==, figureFileBig=CumXVMPk7QDYZIARJDJo+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205909122202010132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908308641698577, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Elastic modulus parameters of stalk diameter for different crops

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作物类型 茎秆直径/mm 茎秆弹性模量/GPa
Ben 250[22] 6.45 2.26
软华优1179[22] 6.71 2.64
02428[22] 6.23 2.63
五优1179[22] 6.73 2.31
华两优689[22] 5.82 2.87
小麦茎秆[23] 6.00 2.47
玉米茎秆[21] 16.14 15.71
), ArticleFig(id=1205909122290090517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908308641698577, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同作物茎秆直径弹性模量参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物类型 茎秆直径/mm 茎秆弹性模量/GPa
Ben 250[22] 6.45 2.26
软华优1179[22] 6.71 2.64
02428[22] 6.23 2.63
五优1179[22] 6.73 2.31
华两优689[22] 5.82 2.87
小麦茎秆[23] 6.00 2.47
玉米茎秆[21] 16.14 15.71
), ArticleFig(id=1205909122365587990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908308641698577, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Bending stiffness of stalks from different crops

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物类型 弯曲刚度/(N·m2)
Ben 250[22] 0.192
软华优1179[22] 0.263
02428[22] 0.167
五优1179[22] 0.233
华两优689[22] 0.162
小麦茎秆[23] 0.157
玉米茎秆[21] 52.331
), ArticleFig(id=1205909122462056983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908308641698577, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同作物茎秆弯曲刚度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作物类型 弯曲刚度/(N·m2)
Ben 250[22] 0.192
软华优1179[22] 0.263
02428[22] 0.167
五优1179[22] 0.233
华两优689[22] 0.162
小麦茎秆[23] 0.157
玉米茎秆[21] 52.331
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基于物理力学的柔性作物茎秆计算机可视化仿真
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易文龙 1, 2 , 魏春华 1 , 张训胜 2 , 程香平 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(1): 284-290
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(1): 284-290
基于物理力学的柔性作物茎秆计算机可视化仿真
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易文龙1, 2 , 魏春华1, 张训胜2, 程香平3, *
作者信息
  • 1.江西农业大学计算机与信息工程学院, 南昌 330045
  • 2.江西农业大学软件学院, 南昌 330045
  • 3.江西省科学院应用物理研究所, 南昌 330096
  • 易文龙(1982—),男,汉族,江西庐山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:几何建模与仿真。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 程香平(1978—),女,汉族,河南新野人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:物理力学建模。E-mail:
Computer Visualization Simulation of Flexible Crop Stalk Based on Physical Mechanics
Wen-long YI1, 2 , Chun-hua WEI1, Xun-sheng ZHANG2, Xiang-ping CHENG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
  • 2. School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
  • 3. Institute of Applied Physics, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307726
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作物茎秆在生长期易发生弯曲变形,给计算机可视化仿真带来挑战。采用微分分析方法,探究茎秆物理应力应变关系,提出柔性茎秆可视化仿真方法。首先建立拉伸、弯曲、剪切和扭转载荷下的茎秆力学模型;其次构建基于半边结构和曲面造型的几何模型;最后采用C++和OpenGL实现可视化仿真。实验分析不同品种茎秆弯曲应力应变,结果表明该方法可较准确模拟茎秆形变过程,基于物理力学的模型可确保弯曲仿真精度,为选育抗倒伏品种提供新型信息化分析工具。

作物建模  /  物理力学  /  应力应变  /  计算机仿真  /  可视化

During growth, crop stalks are prone to bending deformation, posing challenges for computer visualization simulation. A differential analysis method was employed to investigate the physical stress-strain relationship of stalks, and a visualization simulation method was proposed for flexible stalks. Firstly, a mechanical model of the stalk under tensile, bending, shear, and torsional loads was established. Secondly, a geometric model based on a semi-structural approach and surface modeling was constructed. Finally, C++ and OpenGL were utilized to implement the visualization simulation. Experimental analysis of the bending stress-strain characteristics of stalks from different varieties was conducted. The results demonstrate that this method can relatively accurately simulate the deformation process of stalks. The physics-based model ensures the accuracy of bending simulation, providing a novel informatics analysis tool for selecting and breeding lodging-resistant crop varieties.

crop modeling  /  physical mechanics  /  stress and strain  /  computer simulation  /  visualization
易文龙, 魏春华, 张训胜, 程香平. 基于物理力学的柔性作物茎秆计算机可视化仿真. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 284 -290 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307726
Wen-long YI, Chun-hua WEI, Xun-sheng ZHANG, Xiang-ping CHENG. Computer Visualization Simulation of Flexible Crop Stalk Based on Physical Mechanics[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 284 -290 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307726
作为保障粮食安全的重要措施,培育具有抗倒伏能力的优良作物品种,是当前农业生产的核心任务。人口的规模扩大和日益严峻的气候变化之间的矛盾,给作物遗传改良研究带来了严峻的挑战[1]。作物茎秆作为支撑整个植株的重要结构,起着运输根系吸收水分与营养物质的关键作用。同时,茎秆的抗倒伏能力也是选育中考虑的重要指标之一,其力学性能直接影响到作物的稳定生长与丰产[2]。作物茎秆是一种柔性生物结构,其表型与环境因子形成复杂的生命系统。传统的田间测量方法不仅耗时耗力,还无法精确获得茎秆不同部位的本构关系参数,导致计算结果产生偏差。
随着信息技术的发展,信息科学与传统自然科学的交叉融合已成为科技创新的重要动力,信息技术为传统科学研究提供了强有力的技术支撑,促进了两者的深度融合[3]。其中,借助精细的物理力学模型,结合计算机仿真技术,不仅能够量化预测目标对象在各种外载荷作用下的动态变形过程[4-5];更可模拟不同作物茎秆的生物力学响应,揭示其内在的生长发育机制,成为当前选育结构性状优良作物品种的重要研究方向[6]
基于此,提出一种基于物理力学的柔性作物茎秆建模仿真方法,该方法融合物理力学原理与计算机辅助设计技术,构建能够可视化仿真茎秆应力应变的计算模型,以期更加深入理解其内在的力学特性和变形规律。
茎秆弯曲是植物生长过程中的一种自然现象,它是植物对环境变化和外力的适应和响应,具有重要的生物学和生态学意义。作物倒伏与茎秆的力学响应高度相关,它是由内外力量综合作用导致的结构失稳。作物通过茎秆的弯曲或保持刚性来响应外力,过于刚硬的茎秆可能导致根系滑移或茎秆某处折断而脱离锚定,茎秆倒伏会对粮食作物产量和质量产生负面影响[7]。为了解决这个问题,通过定量茎秆的结构力学特性,探究临界倒伏条件下茎秆的生物力学响应,为选育抗倒伏品种提供依据。在过去的几十年里,关于作物茎秆抗倒伏机制的研究取得了显著进展。早期的研究主要依赖于实验室测试和田间观察,但这些方法存在成本高、工作量大、时间长等问题。现有的研究已聚焦采用多种方法来描述作物茎秆的力学性质,比如有限元法[8]、离散元[9-10]等方法,然而这些方法具有计算量大、求解复杂等限制。质点弹簧模型是计算机仿真中常用的一种方法,用于模拟物体的弹性变形和应力分布。该模型基于质点与弹簧间的作用关系,通过计算弹簧变形来模拟物体的应力应变。许多研究已成功运用此模型来模拟悬挂杆、弯曲杆等结构的力学响应。丁维龙等[11]提出了一种基于质点-弹簧系统的植物形变模拟改进算法,根据提取的植株模型骨骼节点构建质点-弹簧组,并根据植株受力情况模拟植株动态形变。质点弹簧模型也广泛应用于植物叶片建模,Fan等[12]建立的三维叶片生长过程模型就借助质点弹簧模型模拟了叶片从幼叶到老年叶的形态变化,将三角网格化的叶片与质点弹簧模型结合,确定每个质点的初始状态,建立微分方程进行受力分析和形变控制。此外,Jamin等[13]使用茎秆悬臂梁的应力微分方程预测了豌豆作物的倒伏量。然而针对不同作物茎秆组织的变形结构力分析,现有仿真方法对茎秆的简化较多,难以表达精细的力学特征。
植物形态建模与计算机仿真是利用虚拟现实技术,在计算机上模拟植物生长发育的过程,是虚拟现实技术在精准农业中的应用之一。许多学者在理论和实践方面开展了广泛探索,它涉及植物表型、结构功能等多个方面[14]。植物生长的计算机可视化建模主要有两类:一是纯粹考虑视觉效果的建模;二是综合植物生理模型、物理模型和可视化模型,体现植物学理论的建模[15-16]。前者主要应用于工业设计等领域,而后者可用于虚拟仿真试验,具有更广阔的应用前景。
可视化仿真是利用计算机图形学技术,用二维或三维模型来模拟植物的形态和生长过程[17-18]。这需要在植物几何形态结构的基础上,通过测量大量数据获得植物形态演化规律,结合形态、生理和环境因素,建立学科交叉融合的模型[19]。在此基础上可以改变模型参数,模拟植物的多种形态,甚至可以在移动平台上进行带触摸反馈的三维植物可视化模拟[20]
植物茎秆的变形响应不仅受拉伸、弯曲、剪切和扭转加载影响,还需考虑加载力的大小和作用位置对茎秆弯曲的影响。目前,针对不同作物品种构建柔性茎秆的应力应变模型仍有待深入研究。
茎秆是植物重要的营养器官,植物茎秆一般呈圆柱状,植物茎秆的横截面边界闭合曲线近似为圆形或者椭圆形,研究以水稻为例,如图1所示,将水稻茎秆抽象成中空的圆筒几何形状,它主要由节和节间两部分组成,生叶的部位是节,上下两节之间为节间。
仿真模型建立过程如图2所示,测量并获取作物茎秆的直径、长度、弹性模量等参数,首先建立作物茎秆的物理力学模型,与此同时建模者根据现实世界提取作物茎秆的骨架几何特征,通过半边结构来构建作物茎秆的拓扑模型,然后在该拓扑模型上利用双三次Βézier曲面插值方法,描述茎秆的几何细节特征。
为了研究作物茎秆的抗倒伏性能,作物茎秆弯曲力学试验来研究作物茎秆在外力作用下的弯曲性能。由于悬臂梁模型能够避开受力对象的几何形状和复杂性,如图3所示,将作物茎秆受力学变形过程抽象为悬臂梁,将作物茎秆抽象为一根长度固定、弯曲刚度均匀的杆件。这种刻画不仅使得应力-应变分析简单和直观,而且得到的结果较为准确。当作物茎秆一端固定,外力作用于另一个自由端时,其受弯曲载荷的作用。
在作物茎秆受外力F作用下,发生弯曲过所受应力为σ与应变无量纲ε的关系[21]表达式如下。
σ== F S
ε= Δ H H
式中:H为作物茎秆高度;ΔH为作物茎秆高度变化量;E为作物茎秆的杨氏弹性模量,N/m2。当作物茎秆处于弯曲状态时,其弯曲部分的曲率是弯曲几何形状半径r的倒数且ds=rdθ。此处,θ为作物受力F作用发生弯曲的角度,dθ为弯曲角度微分,s为弯曲长度,ds为作物茎秆弯曲的微分长度,dx为ds在纵向坐标轴的投影长度。当θ较小时,ds=dx,作物茎秆的曲率κ的计算过程表达式为
κ= 1 r= d θ d s θ d x
在作物茎秆弯曲部位选取微型截面,即有
l'-dx=- y rdx
式(4)中:l'为茎秆弯曲弧长;y为选取的微型截面的中性面距离;茎秆在坐标轴的应变分量计算方式为εx=-κy,作物茎秆在纵向坐标轴上的应力分量σx=x=-Eκy,dxss弯曲后长度保持不变,可得平面ss为作物茎秆的中性面。在作物茎秆中性面的距离y处的每一个小截面的弯矩Mb的计算过程表达式如下。
Mb=∫σxydA=-κEy2dA=-κEI
κ=- M b E I
式中:I为惯性矩。当茎秆发生较小变形角度θ时,有ds≈dx,θ≈tanθ=df/dx,f为茎秆受力后的弯曲挠度。此外,距离地面固定端的x,即茎秆的第4节位置处,在茎秆自由端处受力F作用发生弯曲时,其弯曲挠度f的表达式为
d 2 f d x 2=- M b E I= F ( H - x ) E I= F H E I- F x E I
作物茎秆发生弯曲后,受力点在垂直于竖直坐标轴方向上发生的位移量大小,表达式为
d f d x= F H E Ix- 1 2 F x 2 E I+C1
从而可得茎秆弯曲挠度f的计算过程为
f= 1 2 F H E Ix2- 1 6 F x 3 E I+C1x+C
式中:C1为弯曲挠度微分后的系数大小;C2为弯曲挠度微分的常量。另外,根据边界条件f'(0) =0和f=0,并且C1=C2=0,则作物茎秆距离地面高度x处的挠度方程为
f(x)= F x 2 6 E I(3H-x)
式(10)中:I= π d 4 64。当x=H时,即在茎秆尖端受力位置,受力作用是尖端位置的弯曲挠度为最大值,表达式为
f(x)max= F H 3 3 E I
根据茎秆倒伏过程受力和角度变化之间的关系,在理想情况下茎秆发生弯曲挠度的计算近似表示:fHtanθ
为了计算获得作物茎秆的弯曲刚度,如表1所示,列出5个品种的水稻(Ben250、软华优1179、02428、五优1179、华两优689)茎秆和小麦茎秆、玉米茎秆的茎秆直径和茎秆弹性模量参数。
弯曲刚度Kb表示作物茎秆在受到外力作用时抵抗弯曲变形的能力,获得关系Kb=EI。当弯曲刚度越大,表示材料或结构越难被弯曲,作物茎秆具有更高的刚性。相反,弯曲刚度较小表示材料或结构较容易发生弯曲变形,作物茎秆具有较低的刚性。如表2所示,可计算得选取作物类型的弯曲刚度。
当几何形态模型受到外力作用时,需要动态展示其形变过程,因此,采用半边数据结构建立的作物茎秆骨架,如图4(a)所示,一个半边数据结构h由起始点startVertex、下一条半边nextHalfedge、上一条半边prevHalfEdge、相邻反向半边oppositeHalfEdge和邻接面face索引指针五元组构成,如图4(b)所示,建模操作可用代数系统一个幺半群Gh的作用过程,从而获得作物茎秆的拓扑结构。
由于拓扑模型容易定位作物茎秆形变的位置,忽略了弯曲的几何细节描述。而双三次Bezier曲面构造三维模型简单、易于控制的特点,在CAD/CAM相关领域有广泛的应用[24-25]。因此,在为了补充作物茎秆拓扑模型的几何弯曲特征,使用双三次Βézier曲面进行插值操作,并将曲面的控制顶点嵌入拓扑半边结构的顶点中[26]。双三次Βézier曲面的控制网格由4×4共16个控制点组成,曲面插值点的计算过程如式(12)所示。
p(u,v)= i = 0 3 j = 0 3 Pi,jBi,3(u)Bj,3(v)
式(12)中:uv分别为归一化的两个正交的方向变量,用于控制曲面插值点的密度。该曲面16个控制点构成了一个控制矩阵Q,表达式为
Q= P 0,0 P 0,1 P 0,2 P 0,3 P 1,0 P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1,3 P 2,0 P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2,3 P 3,0 P 3,1 P 3,2 P 3,3
由于作物茎秆骨架拓扑模型与对应圆柱体拓扑同构,则过茎秆圆柱中心线的纵截面为长方形,首先采用半边数据结构构造一个长方形半边面片作为植物茎秆的简化骨架,构造的长方形半边面片的4个顶点为V1V2V3V4;其次在构造的骨架上绘制两个双三次Bézier曲面;再次为使曲面平滑地依附茎秆骨架拓扑模型,将获得的Bézier曲面置于上述长方形半边面顶点的位置,用半边面片的4个顶点替代双三次Bézier曲面4个控制顶点P0,0 P 0 , 3P3,0P3,3; 最后在半边面片中拼接两张双三次Bézier曲面,从而构成了作物茎秆的三维几何模型[27]
仿真实验环境:CPU AMD Ryzen 7 5800H with Radeon Graphic,4 GB内存,NVIDIA GeForce RTX3060 Laptop GPU,Windows10 64位操作系统,在Visual Studio 2019平台部署了C++程序设计语言和OpenGL 2.0图形渲染引擎。
对作物茎秆仿真模型施加一定的外力,可实现茎秆动态变形仿真。如图5所示,实验得到作物茎秆原始状态、拉伸、弯曲和扭转状态仿真过程。
当作用在植物茎秆上的外力F大小不同时,导致茎秆受力弯曲的形变量不同,作用力越大,茎秆弯曲形变量越大。给茎秆施加逐渐增大的外力,如图6所示,受力1、2、3的大小逐渐增大,得到受不同外力大小茎秆弯曲仿真过程。
不同品种的作物茎秆弹性模量、直径等物理力学特征有区别。根据作物茎秆物理力学模型,在不同作物茎秆尖端,例如x= 1.0 m处,均施加0.2N的作用力,形变弯曲挠度也不同。如图7所示,得到5个品种的水稻茎秆和小麦茎秆弯曲形变仿真结果。
根据作物茎秆弯曲力学建模方法,其受外力的弯曲挠度还受到如茎秆的受力大小、受力位置等因素影响。因此,在进行实际试验时,还需要考虑这些因素,并根据具体情况进行设计和分析。
在作物茎秆不同位置施加一定力F,一般来讲,受力位置越远离支撑点,茎秆受到的弯曲力矩就越大,作物茎秆发生弯曲偏移也会增加。在距离玉米茎秆支撑点距离x分别为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 m处的5个位置施加F=5.0 N的力,产生不同的弯曲挠度,且受力位置距离支撑点越远,茎秆的弯曲挠度越大。如图8所示为玉米茎秆不同位置受相同力的弯曲形变仿真结果。
在作物茎秆同一位置施加不同大小的力F,该受力越大,茎秆受到的弯曲力矩就越大,作物茎秆发生弯曲偏移也会增加。在距离作物茎秆支撑点1.0 m处分别施加5、10、15、20、25 N的力,产生不同的弯曲挠度,且施加力越大,茎秆的弯曲挠度越大。如图9所示为玉米茎秆尖端不同受力大小的弯曲形变仿真结果。
由于所提出的方法考虑了作物茎秆的几何形状、材料特性和加载条件等因素,相比质点弹簧模型[11]能够更精确地模拟作物茎秆,从而更准确描述作物茎秆的应力-力学过程。如图10所示,本文模型的回弹形变量比质点弹簧模型更小,该性能分析结果表明提出方法在作物茎秆建模仿真过程中,保持茎秆正常姿态的能力更强,表型仿真结果的稳定性更高。
当前影响作物形态建成的基因是否被全部发现以及在基因调控网络间是否存在相互影响暂不明晰,这给基于基因控制网络的植物形态建模带来巨大困难。为准确分析作物茎秆的生物力学性质,培育与外部生长环境相适应的作物品种,作物计算机建模仿真具有重要的研究意义。柔性植物形态建模与刚体不同,它显著地受物理力影响,所建模与仿真的结果会受应力变化而改变,凸显植物形态“柔性”变形现象,主要实现茎秆在拉伸、弯曲、剪切和扭转加载下的计算机可视化仿真。所提出的方法可以为茎秆力学分析提供一种有效、准确、高效的计算机建模与仿真手段。
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20212BAB202015)
  • 江西省03专项及5G项目(20232ABC03A18)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2307726
  • 接收时间:2023-10-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-04
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
基金
江西省自然科学基金(20212BAB202015)
江西省03专项及5G项目(20232ABC03A18)
作者信息
    1.江西农业大学计算机与信息工程学院, 南昌 330045
    2.江西农业大学软件学院, 南昌 330045
    3.江西省科学院应用物理研究所, 南昌 330096

通讯作者:

* 程香平(1978—),女,汉族,河南新野人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:物理力学建模。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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