Article(id=1156908301750461314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308380, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698336000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-27, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758033454, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758033454, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758033454, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758033454, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=112, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908303214273416, articleId=1156908301750461314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Energy Evolution Law and Destabilization Damage Characteristics of Coal Mass under Tension Loading Process, columnId=1156264152168518571, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the prevention and control of power disaster induced by coal mining process, Brazilian splitting test of raw coal specimen was carried out to study the energy evolution law in the process of coal body tensile damage destruction, and the precursor information of coal body destabilization and destruction was identified. The results show that the coal body tensile damage process has significant nonlinear evolution characteristics, and it is possible to identify the critical point, destabilization point, and damage point of coal body damage. The energy evolution characteristics of coal body tensile damage in each stage are significantly different. In the elastic deformation stage, the input energy is mainly converted into elastic energy, and the dissipation energy remains stable, while in the destabilization stage, the dissipation-elasticity ratio shows a jumping growth. By calculating the energy release rate and energy dissipation rate, it is found that the index has abnormal response characteristics at the critical point, destabilization point and damage point of the coal body tensile process, and the appearance of the characteristic points all have significant precursor information. The nature of coal destabilization is the result of energy accumulation and dissipation, and the energy index of coal body can reveal the abnormal characteristics of energy evolution in the process of damage and destruction of the specimen, and identify the precursor information of coal body catastrophe, which is conducive to the over-warning, and escort for the safe mining of coal.

, correspAuthors=Yue NIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shi-long XU, Wen-yang SUN, Jun-qi LIU, Zhao-xi LONG, Guan-teng WANG, Xing-zhuo XUE, Yang LIU, Shao-kang SHANG, Yue NIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908357337571356, articleId=1156908301750461314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=煤体受拉破坏能量演化规律与失稳灾变特征, columnId=1156264152306930605, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·矿冶工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为研究煤炭开采过程诱发的煤岩动力灾害防控问题,开展了原煤试样巴西劈裂试验,研究了受拉破坏过程中煤体的能量演化规律,对煤体失稳破坏的前兆信息进行了判识。结果表明:煤体受拉破坏过程具有显著的非线性演化特征,能够判识煤体破坏的临界点、失稳点、破坏点;受拉损伤破坏各阶段,煤体的能量演化特征差异显著,在弹性变形阶段,输入能主要转化为弹性能,耗散能保持稳定,而在失稳破坏阶段,耗弹比呈跳跃式增长;能量释放速率与能量耗散速率在煤体受拉过程的临界点、失稳点、破坏点处均具有异常响应特征,且特征点的出现均有显著的前兆信息。煤岩失稳破坏的本质是能量积聚与耗散的结果,煤体能量指标能够揭示试样损伤破坏过程中能量演化的异常特征,进而判识煤体发生灾变的前兆信息,有利于超前预警,保障煤炭资源安全高效开采。, correspAuthors=钮月, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 钮月(1991—),男,汉族,安徽蚌埠人,博士,副教授。研究方向:深部岩体非线性力学理论与应用、深地工程灾害防控与安全运维。E-mail:
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徐世龙(2001—),男,汉族,山东烟台人,助理运行工程师。研究方向:工业生产安全管理。E-mail:

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2. Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Xuzhou 221006, China
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2.深地科学与工程云龙湖实验室, 徐州 221006
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徐世龙(2001—),男,汉族,山东烟台人,助理运行工程师。研究方向:工业生产安全管理。E-mail:

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煤体受拉破坏能量演化规律与失稳灾变特征
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徐世龙 1, 2, 3 , 孙文洋 1 , 刘君奇 1 , 龙昭熹 1 , 汪官腾 1 , 薛兴卓 1 , 刘扬 4 , 尚少康 5 , 钮月 1, 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025,25(1): 112-118
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025, 25(1): 112-118
煤体受拉破坏能量演化规律与失稳灾变特征
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徐世龙1, 2, 3 , 孙文洋1, 刘君奇1, 龙昭熹1, 汪官腾1, 薛兴卓1, 刘扬4, 尚少康5, 钮月1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国矿业大学安全工程学院, 徐州 221116
  • 2.深地科学与工程云龙湖实验室, 徐州 221006
  • 3.万华化学(烟台)电池产业有限公司,烟台 264000
  • 4.华亭煤业集团有限责任公司东峡煤矿, 平凉 744100
  • 5.郑州煤炭工业(集团)杨河煤业有限公司裴沟煤矿, 郑州 452382
  • 徐世龙(2001—),男,汉族,山东烟台人,助理运行工程师。研究方向:工业生产安全管理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 钮月(1991—),男,汉族,安徽蚌埠人,博士,副教授。研究方向:深部岩体非线性力学理论与应用、深地工程灾害防控与安全运维。E-mail:
Energy Evolution Law and Destabilization Damage Characteristics of Coal Mass under Tension Loading Process
Shi-long XU1, 2, 3 , Wen-yang SUN1, Jun-qi LIU1, Zhao-xi LONG1, Guan-teng WANG1, Xing-zhuo XUE1, Yang LIU4, Shao-kang SHANG5, Yue NIU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 2. Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Xuzhou 221006, China
  • 3. Wanhua Chemical(Yantai) Battery Industry Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China
  • 4. Dongxia Coal Mine, Huating Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd., Pingliang 744100, China
  • 5. Peigou Coal Mine, Yanghe Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou Coal Industry (Group), Zhengzhou 452382, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308380
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为研究煤炭开采过程诱发的煤岩动力灾害防控问题,开展了原煤试样巴西劈裂试验,研究了受拉破坏过程中煤体的能量演化规律,对煤体失稳破坏的前兆信息进行了判识。结果表明:煤体受拉破坏过程具有显著的非线性演化特征,能够判识煤体破坏的临界点、失稳点、破坏点;受拉损伤破坏各阶段,煤体的能量演化特征差异显著,在弹性变形阶段,输入能主要转化为弹性能,耗散能保持稳定,而在失稳破坏阶段,耗弹比呈跳跃式增长;能量释放速率与能量耗散速率在煤体受拉过程的临界点、失稳点、破坏点处均具有异常响应特征,且特征点的出现均有显著的前兆信息。煤岩失稳破坏的本质是能量积聚与耗散的结果,煤体能量指标能够揭示试样损伤破坏过程中能量演化的异常特征,进而判识煤体发生灾变的前兆信息,有利于超前预警,保障煤炭资源安全高效开采。
受载煤体  /  拉伸破坏  /  能量演化  /  灾变特征  /  前兆信息

In order to study the prevention and control of power disaster induced by coal mining process, Brazilian splitting test of raw coal specimen was carried out to study the energy evolution law in the process of coal body tensile damage destruction, and the precursor information of coal body destabilization and destruction was identified. The results show that the coal body tensile damage process has significant nonlinear evolution characteristics, and it is possible to identify the critical point, destabilization point, and damage point of coal body damage. The energy evolution characteristics of coal body tensile damage in each stage are significantly different. In the elastic deformation stage, the input energy is mainly converted into elastic energy, and the dissipation energy remains stable, while in the destabilization stage, the dissipation-elasticity ratio shows a jumping growth. By calculating the energy release rate and energy dissipation rate, it is found that the index has abnormal response characteristics at the critical point, destabilization point and damage point of the coal body tensile process, and the appearance of the characteristic points all have significant precursor information. The nature of coal destabilization is the result of energy accumulation and dissipation, and the energy index of coal body can reveal the abnormal characteristics of energy evolution in the process of damage and destruction of the specimen, and identify the precursor information of coal body catastrophe, which is conducive to the over-warning, and escort for the safe mining of coal.

loaded coal  /  tensile damage  /  energy evolution  /  catastrophic features  /  precursor information
徐世龙, 孙文洋, 刘君奇, 龙昭熹, 汪官腾, 薛兴卓, 刘扬, 尚少康, 钮月. 煤体受拉破坏能量演化规律与失稳灾变特征. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 112 -118 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308380
Shi-long XU, Wen-yang SUN, Jun-qi LIU, Zhao-xi LONG, Guan-teng WANG, Xing-zhuo XUE, Yang LIU, Shao-kang SHANG, Yue NIU. Energy Evolution Law and Destabilization Damage Characteristics of Coal Mass under Tension Loading Process[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 112 -118 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308380
煤炭在中国能源结构中占重要地位,其作为中国主体能源的格局在很长一段时间内不会发生改变[1-2]。随着中国浅部煤炭资源日益枯竭,煤矿开采转向深部将成为保障中国能源需求的新常态,开采深度的增加意味着煤岩体赋存环境愈加复杂,在高地应力、高瓦斯压力及开采扰动等因素的影响下,煤矿动力灾害频次和强度上升趋势明显加快[3],严重威胁煤矿安全生产。研究煤岩发生动力破坏的孕育发展过程、前兆信息、探明其致灾机理,发展监测预警及防控技术是实现深部煤炭资源安全高效开采的现实需求[4]
岩石受载变形是外界对岩石输入能量的过程,而岩石破裂必然伴随着能量的释放[5]。内部能量的积蓄释放是煤岩变形破坏发生动力灾害的根本原因[6]。由于外加载荷的作用,煤体的变形破坏过程表现出十分复杂的非线性演化规律,煤体的内部也不断地发生着能量的吸收、储存与耗散[7-9]。当外部载荷对煤岩体做功输入能量时,能量在煤岩内部储存,在能量积蓄的过程中,煤岩体会发生受载变形,一部分能量会耗散,耗散能会使煤岩体结构发生不可逆的变形破坏,同时使材料本身的性能与强度降低[10],当积蓄的能量超过其储能极限时,能量会在短时间内大量地释放,从而诱发煤岩发生失稳破坏。
国内外学者对于煤岩失稳灾变能量演化特征开展了大量研究,但大多是针对受压条件下进行分析,对于拉伸破坏的相关研究比较缺乏。由于岩石抗拉强度远小于抗压强度,在实际工程中岩体结构主要因为岩石张拉破坏造成[11],所以动载作用下煤系岩层介质拉伸力学性能研究的实际意义更大[12]。当煤体失稳时,其受拉断裂的破坏往往发生的比压缩破坏更加迅速,但现有研究成果难以对受拉破坏灾变特征进行有效判识,无法实施有效的监测预警。
对于岩石受拉变形过程的能量变化,国内外学者已经有了一定的研究基础,郭占峰等[13]对花岗岩试样进行了不同冲击速度下的动态劈裂拉伸实验,分析得到花岗岩试样的应变率、应力峰值、弹性模量等相关力学参数之间的关系;刘江伟等[14]通过巴西劈裂试验研究了具有不同长度、角度裂缝煤样的抗拉强度变化;陈俊宇等[15]通过不同的加载气压实现在不同应变率条件下对煤矿区的砂岩进行冲击压缩,分析了煤矿区砂岩的动力学特性及能量损耗规律;黄达等[16]建立双抗拉强度参数的平行黏结强度准则,开展岩石拉-压数值模拟试验,实现了岩石高压拉强度比的模拟并深入分析其破坏机制; 温森等[17]通过分离式霍普金森压杆对不同强度比的类复合岩样进行动态巴西劈裂试验,探究强度比等因素对类复合岩样的破碎程度及能耗特性的影响;张伯虎等[18]在一定的声发射条件下研究分析了岩石损伤演化过程,从而研究岩石的拉伸破坏过程机理;刘建锋等[19]研究了层状盐岩拉伸破坏力学特性,揭示了拉伸破坏损伤过程的演化规律。
以上研究表明,从能量角度研究岩石受拉破坏变形过程具有科学性,因此为了研究煤岩受拉破坏时的能量变化,并识别其灾变特征,现用巴西劈裂法进行实验,通过搭建煤岩拉伸加载实验系统,来研究煤岩体受拉的破坏特性,加深对煤岩破坏能量机理的认识,揭示煤体失稳的灾害性特征,为从拉伸的角度进一步研究煤岩动力灾害的形成和发展过程,揭示煤体失稳的能量发展特征和前兆信息,并为煤岩动力灾害超前预警提供新的解决方案。
实验采用中国矿业大学(北京)深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室的MTS 815电液伺服岩石多功能加载试验系统对试样进行单轴拉伸加载,该实验系统由加载系统、控制系统和计算机系统组成,能够实时监测煤体受载破坏过程应力、轴向与径向应变等数据,其纵向负载最大值为1 459 kN,最大行程为±100 mm,系统误差小,相对误差可保持在1%之内。
煤体试样取自安徽省淮北市杨庄煤矿回采工作面,将大块完整煤体自井下获取后输运至地面,研制成圆饼状试样,选取均质度高且物理力学性质基本一致的试样进行实验(图1)。采用巴西劈裂法对煤样进行测试,加载方式为单轴线性加载,加载速度为0.3~ 0.5 MPa/s(1.1~1.9 kN/s),试样破坏时停止加载,并记录最大破坏载荷,实验装置如图2所示。
在煤体受拉破坏全过程中,将外部应力对应变的积分计为输入能Ei,将转化为弹性能的部分记为Ee,耗散能部分记为Ed。在单调加载模式下,能量指标的计算方法[20]如下。
Ei=LS i = 1 3 σidεi
Ee=LS i = 1 3 1 2σiεi
Ed=Ei-Ee
式中:σiεi分别为不同主应力方向的应力与应变;LS分别为煤岩体试样的长度和横截面积。
采用单轴加载模式,试样左右两侧的螺丝对试样横向阻力较小,忽略不计,故满足σ2=σ3=0,则煤岩体的弹性能可表示为
Ee= L S σ 2 2 E
式(4)中:E为煤岩体弹性模量。
将试样在能量演化过程中的能量释放速率定义为Ge,能量耗散速率定义为Gd,其计算方法如下。
Gd= ϑ E d ϑ ε
Ge= ϑ E e ϑ ε
G d G e= ϑ E e ϑ E d
项目进行了多次实验,选取其中最有代表性的试样测试结果进行分析。图3为试样拉伸破坏过程的应力-应变曲线,结果表明,试样拉伸过程具有显著的非线性特性。随着拉伸作用的加强,煤体的损伤程度不断增强,在局部区域不断发生破坏,进而形成剧烈损伤,最后整个煤岩试样发生了失稳断裂。根据计算得出的应力-应变曲线,对煤岩失稳破坏破坏过程分阶段进行分析[21]
(1)OA阶段。拉伸变形阶段,该阶段煤体的原始裂纹在挤压过程中闭合并被压实,试样内部逐渐进入致密状态,产生细微的、不可恢复的塑性变形。
(2)AB阶段。经过较长时间的拉伸作用后,试样进入弹性变形阶段AB段,该阶段与压密阶段OA联系紧密,分界点不易区分。
(3)BC阶段。试样应力值在B点出现了小幅下降,可视为试样在局部区域出现损伤造成应力释放,随后应力继续升高,并在C点达到峰值。BC阶段可以视为弹性阶段AB的延续。
(4)CD阶段。应力在C点达到顶峰后迅速回落到D点,此阶段标志着试样的弹性能到达储存极限,无法继续承受拉应力。C点是试样能够承载应力的最大值点,可将其视为试样受拉破坏的临界点,试样在CD段呈现显著的塑形变形。
(5)DE阶段。应力在该阶段急剧下降,试样失去了原有承载能力,进入破坏阶段。D点后继续对试样进行拉伸,试样内部的结构破坏剧烈,结构将失去承载能力,应力在DE之间骤降,因此将D点视为试样的失稳点。继续拉伸,试样的剩余结构继续被破坏,在E点时试样失去残余的承载能力,结构被完全破坏,表面出现贯穿试样的大裂隙,显现宏观破裂面,并向外界崩落破碎的试样,因此将E点视为破坏点。
(6)E点之后的应力增大现象是拉伸实验的常见现象,岩石在其拉应力达到峰值载荷后,并未立即失去拉伸承载能力,还有一个劣化的过程,即在峰值应力时并未沿破裂面断裂为独立的两部分,随拉伸变形的增大,仍能承受一定的拉伸荷载[22]
图4所示,图4(a)为试样输入能、弹性能、耗散能的计算结果,图4(b)为耗散能与弹性能的比值(耗弹比)曲线。弹性能具有可恢复性,因此并不会对试样造成不可逆的损伤,所以可以用耗弹比来反映实验过程中试样的能量分配规律,其能量指标的变化特征分为以下阶段。
(1)OA阶段。该阶段应力较低,外部施加的载荷对试样输入的总能量、试样积聚的弹性能、试样释放的耗散能都处于较低水平。该阶段的耗弹比在小幅上升后趋于平稳,在OA阶段后期呈现出下降趋势。这是因为此阶段试样的变形以内部既存空隙的闭合、密实为主。通过对弹性模量的分析可知,该阶段弹性模量值低于理论分析得到的弹性模量,但该阶段并不会影响到试样后期拉伸破坏的研究,所以不是分析的重点。
(2)AB阶段。随着应力增加,试样进入弹性变形阶段。在这一阶段,试样的耗散能稳定在一个较低的水平,这是由于在AB阶段,由于煤岩试样的孔隙在应力作用下已经闭合,这一阶段输入能主要转化为弹性能,且弹性能与输入能保持稳定的增速,耗散能增长十分缓慢,因此该阶段弹性能得到快速的累积。
(3)BC阶段。在此阶段,输入能与耗散能的变化与AB段的特性基本一样,但是耗散能在C点处出现了突然的上升,且C点之后保持上升趋势,说明在这一点试样出现了不可恢复的损伤,能量转化为耗散能释放。
(4)CD阶段。弹性能和输入能在C点出现异常,随着输入能的持续增加,弹性能不升反降,耗散能则急剧上升。
(5)DE阶段。D点处弹性能出现骤降,耗散能骤增,导致耗弹比出现了跳跃式的突变,E点之后,在残余荷载作用下,应力有所回升。
能量指标的变化规律,能够很好地反映在外部载荷作用下煤岩试样内部损伤的非线性演化过程。对比应变-应力曲线,能量指标能够更直观地反映出受拉过程中试样变化的异常点以及三能量指标之间的关系,而耗弹比曲线则将煤岩试样损伤过程中每一个异常点的变化更加直观地表现出来,如图4(b)所示,在煤岩受载的不同阶段,耗弹比曲线都会有其各自的特征,都会出现突变发生的特征点,在特征点处,耗弹比的变化会十分明显。尤其是CE阶段由于弹性能的大量、急剧释放,使得弹性能迅速降低,耗散能迅速增加,导致耗弹比跳跃式地突变。
图5(a)图5(b)为实验全过程能量释放速率(Ge)与能量耗散速率(Gd)的计算结果。GeGd总体上呈现稳定后波动的趋势,且二者对称性较强。
(1)OA阶段。GeGd无明显的变化,且都处于较低的水平,无较大的波动,而Gd/Ge先上升后保持平稳,能量的释放与耗散处于相对平衡的状态。
(2)AC阶段,GeGd的波动性不断加强,且此阶段的上下对称性更为显著。但是Gd/Ge在此阶段无明显变化,说明弹性能与耗散能的变化具有较强的相似性。
(3)CD阶段,试样在该阶段呈现塑性变形特征,试样发生了非连续的塑性损伤,弹性能与耗散能的变化十分不稳定,Gd/Ge的值在D点处骤增。如图5所示,在应力指标失稳点D与应力指标破坏点E出现时,GeGd突然发生剧烈变化,DE之间,Ge先骤减后骤增,Gd先骤增后骤减。
同时,如图5(d)所示,Gd/Ge在临界点到破坏点之间的骤增最为明显,尤其是在破坏点处最为显著,这些变化都与试样的局部剧烈损伤程度有关。在该指标中,GdGe在临界、失稳、破坏三点处的异常响应均出现了明显的前兆信息,在临界前兆点C'处,Ge突增,Gd突降;在失稳前兆点D'处,Gd/Ge开始表现出明显的上升趋势;而在破坏前兆点E'处,Gd/Ge骤增。
在煤体拉伸过程中,外部载荷对煤体做功并输入能量,输入的能量转化为弹性能并不断积聚,煤体的能量密度不断增加并趋近于其储能极限。当达到临界条件时候,积聚的弹性能在很短的时间内大量的释放,导致煤体发生失稳破坏[22]
在弹性能积聚的过程中,煤体会发生塑性变形和损伤,由于煤岩体内部存在原生损伤,在弹性能的积聚过程中,能量很容易超过原生损伤的承载极限,导致破坏。因此在煤体受拉过程中,煤体内部原生裂纹不断发展,同时产生更多的新裂纹,并通过裂纹不断地向外界耗散能量。因此煤体能量相关指标的动态变化规律能够揭示内部损伤的非线性演化特征与失稳破坏的前兆信息[23]
当煤体处于压密变形阶段时,由于煤体自身结构及比较复杂的耗散机制导致煤岩能量耗散在此阶段比较显著且变化明显,因此耗弹比会高于后期的弹性变形阶段。继续拉伸,煤岩体进入弹性变形阶段,输入能大部分转化为弹性能,并很好的储存在煤体中,由于该阶段耗散能的耗散机制比较单一,耗散能变化不明显,处于较低水平。因此耗弹比与Gd/Ge指标在这一时期内保持一个比较稳定的水平。当煤体进入塑形变形与损伤破裂快速发育的阶段时,能够导致煤体能量耗散的机制逐渐增加,如:滑移摩擦、裂纹扩散与贯通、塑形畸变等[24],耗散能增加,Gd/Ge呈骤增趋势,这些特征能够和煤体发生局部剧烈损伤的时刻对应起来,同时GdGe又可以很好地反映出耗散能与弹性能的顺势变化特征。
由于煤体的各向异性以及其非均匀性等其他特性,其能量破坏的演化过程在本质上是非线性的,同时也会出现阶段性的剧烈损伤,导致能量指标的突变,这种特征在煤体发生动力灾害时最为显著[25]
因而能量演化特征特别是GdGe指标的突变,相比于应力-应变曲线及能量指标-应变曲线更为突出,呈现出规律性的破坏特征与前兆信息。
(1)煤体受拉破坏过程具有显著的非线性演化特征。外界应力增加导致煤体裂隙不断扩展,煤岩体损伤程度的增加,当应力超过煤体的载荷极限时就诱导煤体发生失稳破坏。根据应力-应变曲线,能够判识煤体失稳破坏的临界点、失稳点和破坏点等关键信息。
(2)相比于应力-应变曲线,三能量指标更能鲜明地反映由局部损伤带来的异常变化。在煤体的弹性变形阶段,输入能主要转化为弹性能并储存在煤体中;在塑性变形及煤岩发生破坏阶段,弹性能迅速释放,耗散能急剧增加,耗弹比也随之发生跳跃式的突变。
(3)煤体受拉破坏全过程中,能量释放速率和耗散速率指标呈先稳定后波动的特征,并在试样应力达到峰值至发生破坏的过程,呈剧烈波动特征。该指标在煤体破坏的临界点、失稳点、破坏点均出现了异常响应特征,具有显著的前兆信息。
(4)煤体失稳破坏,本质上是能量积聚并释放的结果,煤体储存的弹性能释放能够导致煤体发生局部破坏;当能量积聚达到极限时,煤体整个结构出现失稳并被破坏。因此,能量耗散过程能够很好地揭示煤体内部的非线性演化特征与失稳破坏的前兆信息,有利于判识煤体失稳破坏的灾变特征,实现煤岩动力灾害的预警。
  • 江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划(202210290133Y)
  • 徐州市基础研究计划(KC23017)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52104234)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20210504)
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2025年第25卷第1期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308380
  • 接收时间:2023-10-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-27
  • 修回日期:2024-07-19
基金
江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划(202210290133Y)
徐州市基础研究计划(KC23017)
国家自然科学基金(52104234)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20210504)
作者信息
    1.中国矿业大学安全工程学院, 徐州 221116
    2.深地科学与工程云龙湖实验室, 徐州 221006
    3.万华化学(烟台)电池产业有限公司,烟台 264000
    4.华亭煤业集团有限责任公司东峡煤矿, 平凉 744100
    5.郑州煤炭工业(集团)杨河煤业有限公司裴沟煤矿, 郑州 452382

通讯作者:

* 钮月(1991—),男,汉族,安徽蚌埠人,博士,副教授。研究方向:深部岩体非线性力学理论与应用、深地工程灾害防控与安全运维。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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