Article(id=1156908301217784705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308527, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698768000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-01, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758033327, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758033327, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758033327, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758033327, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=128, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908302241194885, articleId=1156908301217784705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Control Mechanism of Micro-pore Throat Structure of Deep Tight Sandstone on Gas-Water Relative Permeability Curves, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The pore structure of deep tight sandstone reservoir is complex and heterogeneous, and it is difficult to determine the influencing factors of pore microscopic parameters on the characteristics of gas-water phase permeability. Based on the fractal geometry theory, combined with the core mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 spectroscopy test and micron CT scanning results, the micro-pore throat parameters and various scale fractal dimensions of the reservoir were obtained. Through the mobile gas porosity and the maximum atmospheric phase relative permeability, the control mechanism of the fractal dimension and micro-pore throat structure parameters on the gas-water phase permeability characteristics was discussed. The results show that mercury injection and NMR fractal curves have obvious “three-stage” characteristics, and the total shape dimension of the reservoir describes the distribution of seepage and movable fluid more accurately when gas and water coexist. The maximum mercury saturation, average pore throat radius, total reservoir shape dimension and displacement pressure have significant effects on the mobile gas porosity during gas seepage. The average pore throat radius has a significant influence on the maximum effective gas phase relative permeability in gas seepage. The control mechanism of the micro-pore structure on the gas-water phase permeability can provide a powerful guide for the efficient development of water-producing gas reservoirs.

, correspAuthors=Xiang LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lu ZHOU, Qin-gong ZHUO, Xiang LUO, Yan-jie GONG, You-you CHENG, Xu HU, Jin-zhou WANG, Guo-wei ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908412429755238, articleId=1156908301217784705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=深层致密砂岩微观孔喉结构对气水相渗的控制机理, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

深层致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强,孔隙微观参数对气水相渗特征的影响因素难以确定。以分形几何理论为基础,结合岩心压汞法、核磁共振T2谱测试及微米CT扫描结果获取了储层微观孔喉参数及各尺度分形维数,通过可动气体孔隙度和最大气相相对渗透率,讨论了分形维数、微观孔喉结构参数对气水相渗特征的控制机理。结果表明,压汞和核磁共振分形曲线具有明显的“三段式”特征,且储层总分形维数描述气水共存时渗流及可动流体分布状况更精细;最大进汞饱和度、平均孔喉半径、储层总分形维数及排驱压力对气体渗流时的可动气体孔隙度影响较为显著;平均孔喉半径对气体渗流时的最大有效气相相对渗透率影响较为显著。在明确微观孔喉结构对气水相渗的控制机理后,可以为产水气藏高效开发提供有力指导。

, correspAuthors=罗翔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 罗翔(1996—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,博士研究生。研究方向:多尺度储层定量表征及多物理场渗流耦合模拟。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=YyPjSR9Z9HJfyiE+yyUUCA==, magXml=4Am2Fac2IQBi5PDS+LYDWg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=AE6eboZzrNTatNEPyMMwZA==, pdfFileSize=12635447, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=I+Kin7+gs8NqtkNzWP2McA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aCK3aWjOwuz8XZCt9lIi3Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周露(1984—),女,汉族,湖北潜江人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质综合。E-mail:

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周露(1984—),女,汉族,湖北潜江人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质综合。E-mail:

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周露(1984—),女,汉族,湖北潜江人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质综合。E-mail:

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Sw为含水饱和度;krgkrw分别为气、水两相相对渗透率

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DMIP1DMIP2DMIP3分别为大孔-裂缝、中孔和小孔的分形维数

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DNMR1DNMR2DNMR3分别为小孔、中孔和大孔裂缝的分形维数

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Basic physical property of core samples

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岩样编号 取样深度/m 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 层位 岩性描述 备注
TD202-1 4 674.2 5.63 0.194 J1a 含油含砾粗砂岩 发育裂缝
TD202-2 4 676.4 4.03 0.046 J1a 含油砂岩
TD202-4 4 681.7 5.31 0.125 J1a 含油含砾粗砂岩 发育裂缝
YX2-1 5 281.3 8.96 0.038 J1y 含砾粗砂岩
YX2-3 5 294.0 3.54 0.427 J1y 粗砂岩 发育裂缝
YX2-4 5 294.7 1.36 0.110 J1y 含砾粗砂岩
YX2-5 5 297.7 1.41 0.098 J1y 泥岩砂岩条带交互
YN2-2 4 555.7 1.93 0.190 J1y 细砂岩
), ArticleFig(id=1205909231761424415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908301217784705, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩心样品基本物性参数表

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岩样编号 取样深度/m 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 层位 岩性描述 备注
TD202-1 4 674.2 5.63 0.194 J1a 含油含砾粗砂岩 发育裂缝
TD202-2 4 676.4 4.03 0.046 J1a 含油砂岩
TD202-4 4 681.7 5.31 0.125 J1a 含油含砾粗砂岩 发育裂缝
YX2-1 5 281.3 8.96 0.038 J1y 含砾粗砂岩
YX2-3 5 294.0 3.54 0.427 J1y 粗砂岩 发育裂缝
YX2-4 5 294.7 1.36 0.110 J1y 含砾粗砂岩
YX2-5 5 297.7 1.41 0.098 J1y 泥岩砂岩条带交互
YN2-2 4 555.7 1.93 0.190 J1y 细砂岩
), ArticleFig(id=1205909231862087712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908301217784705, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Microscopic pore-throat parameters of rock samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样
编号
高压压汞参数 气水相渗参数 微米CT重构模型参数 DNMR DMIP
最大进汞
饱和度/%
排驱压
力/MPa
平均孔喉
半径/μm
束缚水
饱和度/%
残余气处含
水饱和度/%
束缚水点
气相相对渗
透率/10-3 μm2
平均孔隙
体积/103μm3
平均喉道
长度/μm
TD202-1 96.46 0.210 3 0.503 1 22.69 12.17 1.00 5.878 16.32 2.383 2.486
TD202-2 94.41 0.468 6 0.180 7 22.54 7.17 0.88 2.845 11.11 2.537 2.449
TD202-4 77.40 0.378 7 0.182 6 30.10 17.46 0.92 3.918 10.16 2.436 2.553
YX2-1 56.42 1.352 4 0.027 3 35.84 27.45 0.78 0.388 8.97 2.827 2.781
YX2-3 68.18 1.396 1 0.310 5 42.14 21.58 0.60 8.506 11.59 2.655 2.538
YX2-4 74.02 1.476 4 0.082 6 30.19 23.17 0.75 3.656 16.22 2.811 2.763
YX2-5 36.94 2.892 2 0.019 1 42.26 25.15 0.70 3.671 19.59 2.862 2.788
YN2-2 32.87 2.426 6 0.146 9 36.95 31.25 0.65 0.476 10.97 2.928 2.691
), ArticleFig(id=1205909231950168097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908301217784705, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩心样品微观孔喉参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样
编号
高压压汞参数 气水相渗参数 微米CT重构模型参数 DNMR DMIP
最大进汞
饱和度/%
排驱压
力/MPa
平均孔喉
半径/μm
束缚水
饱和度/%
残余气处含
水饱和度/%
束缚水点
气相相对渗
透率/10-3 μm2
平均孔隙
体积/103μm3
平均喉道
长度/μm
TD202-1 96.46 0.210 3 0.503 1 22.69 12.17 1.00 5.878 16.32 2.383 2.486
TD202-2 94.41 0.468 6 0.180 7 22.54 7.17 0.88 2.845 11.11 2.537 2.449
TD202-4 77.40 0.378 7 0.182 6 30.10 17.46 0.92 3.918 10.16 2.436 2.553
YX2-1 56.42 1.352 4 0.027 3 35.84 27.45 0.78 0.388 8.97 2.827 2.781
YX2-3 68.18 1.396 1 0.310 5 42.14 21.58 0.60 8.506 11.59 2.655 2.538
YX2-4 74.02 1.476 4 0.082 6 30.19 23.17 0.75 3.656 16.22 2.811 2.763
YX2-5 36.94 2.892 2 0.019 1 42.26 25.15 0.70 3.671 19.59 2.862 2.788
YN2-2 32.87 2.426 6 0.146 9 36.95 31.25 0.65 0.476 10.97 2.928 2.691
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深层致密砂岩微观孔喉结构对气水相渗的控制机理
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周露 1 , 卓勤功 2, 3, 4 , 罗翔 1, 5, * , 公言杰 2, 3, 4 , 成友友 5 , 胡旭 2, 6 , 王锦洲 2, 3, 4 , 章国威 2, 3, 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(1): 128-136
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(1): 128-136
深层致密砂岩微观孔喉结构对气水相渗的控制机理
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周露1 , 卓勤功2, 3, 4, 罗翔1, 5, * , 公言杰2, 3, 4, 成友友5, 胡旭2, 6, 王锦洲2, 3, 4, 章国威2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.中国石油塔里木油田公司, 库尔勒 841000
  • 2.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
  • 3.中国石油天然气股份有限公司提高油气采收率全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 4.中国石油天然气股份有限公司盆地构造与油气成藏重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 5.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 6.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
  • 周露(1984—),女,汉族,湖北潜江人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:石油地质综合。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 罗翔(1996—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,博士研究生。研究方向:多尺度储层定量表征及多物理场渗流耦合模拟。E-mail:
Control Mechanism of Micro-pore Throat Structure of Deep Tight Sandstone on Gas-Water Relative Permeability Curves
Lu ZHOU1 , Qin-gong ZHUO2, 3, 4, Xiang LUO1, 5, * , Yan-jie GONG2, 3, 4, You-you CHENG5, Xu HU2, 6, Jin-zhou WANG2, 3, 4, Guo-wei ZHANG2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1. Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla 841000, China
  • 2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production,PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3. National Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China
  • 4. Key Laboratory of Basin Tectonics and Oil and Gas Accumulation, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China
  • 5. School of Geosciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
  • 6. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308527
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深层致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强,孔隙微观参数对气水相渗特征的影响因素难以确定。以分形几何理论为基础,结合岩心压汞法、核磁共振T2谱测试及微米CT扫描结果获取了储层微观孔喉参数及各尺度分形维数,通过可动气体孔隙度和最大气相相对渗透率,讨论了分形维数、微观孔喉结构参数对气水相渗特征的控制机理。结果表明,压汞和核磁共振分形曲线具有明显的“三段式”特征,且储层总分形维数描述气水共存时渗流及可动流体分布状况更精细;最大进汞饱和度、平均孔喉半径、储层总分形维数及排驱压力对气体渗流时的可动气体孔隙度影响较为显著;平均孔喉半径对气体渗流时的最大有效气相相对渗透率影响较为显著。在明确微观孔喉结构对气水相渗的控制机理后,可以为产水气藏高效开发提供有力指导。

深层致密砂岩  /  分形维数  /  微观孔喉  /  影响因素  /  气水相渗特征

The pore structure of deep tight sandstone reservoir is complex and heterogeneous, and it is difficult to determine the influencing factors of pore microscopic parameters on the characteristics of gas-water phase permeability. Based on the fractal geometry theory, combined with the core mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 spectroscopy test and micron CT scanning results, the micro-pore throat parameters and various scale fractal dimensions of the reservoir were obtained. Through the mobile gas porosity and the maximum atmospheric phase relative permeability, the control mechanism of the fractal dimension and micro-pore throat structure parameters on the gas-water phase permeability characteristics was discussed. The results show that mercury injection and NMR fractal curves have obvious “three-stage” characteristics, and the total shape dimension of the reservoir describes the distribution of seepage and movable fluid more accurately when gas and water coexist. The maximum mercury saturation, average pore throat radius, total reservoir shape dimension and displacement pressure have significant effects on the mobile gas porosity during gas seepage. The average pore throat radius has a significant influence on the maximum effective gas phase relative permeability in gas seepage. The control mechanism of the micro-pore structure on the gas-water phase permeability can provide a powerful guide for the efficient development of water-producing gas reservoirs.

deep tight sandstone  /  fractal dimension  /  microscopic pore throat  /  influence factor  /  gas-water phase permeability characteristics
周露, 卓勤功, 罗翔, 公言杰, 成友友, 胡旭, 王锦洲, 章国威. 深层致密砂岩微观孔喉结构对气水相渗的控制机理. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 128 -136 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308527
Lu ZHOU, Qin-gong ZHUO, Xiang LUO, Yan-jie GONG, You-you CHENG, Xu HU, Jin-zhou WANG, Guo-wei ZHANG. Control Mechanism of Micro-pore Throat Structure of Deep Tight Sandstone on Gas-Water Relative Permeability Curves[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 128 -136 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308527
中国深层致密砂岩气资源主要分布于西北部,其中,塔里木盆地深层致密砂岩气主要埋深超过4 500 m,储层普遍发育裂缝。作为“西气东输工程”起点的库车坳陷区域,近年来加大了层致密砂岩气藏的勘探开发力度[1-5]。与常规气藏相比,致密砂岩气藏孔喉结构复杂,发育较多微纳米级孔隙、气水渗流特征复杂[5-6];而深层致密砂岩气层还具备高温高压、岩心致密及裂缝发育等特点,不仅导致传统岩心驱替实验无法评价储层渗透率损害,还会产生气井大幅降产、万方气产水量高等问题[7-10]
现有的储层表征方法可以分为以薄片分析、计算机断层(computed tomography,CT)扫描和核磁共振为主的微观方法,以及以岩心描述、测井解释和地质建模为主的宏观方法;不过,上述方法均只能提供某个局部尺度的定性认识,难以综合描述孔隙-裂缝这一多尺度系统的全局特征。分形维数是一种利用分形几何理论来描述物质占有的空间有效性的方法。由于储层岩石包含的多孔介质均具备自相似性特征,因而分形维数能够定量刻画储层结构的复杂程度,在微观和宏观尺度均有较好的适用性。
而结合气水相渗曲线的储层微观孔喉特征可真实反映气、水共存条件下的渗流状况[11-13]。鉴于此,现基于孔隙和裂缝的分形几何理论,通过高压压汞法、微米CT扫描和核磁共振T2谱测试,分别获取储层总分形维数、孔喉中值半径及最大进汞饱和度等微观参数后,讨论深层致密砂岩储层孔喉结构参数对气水相渗特征的影响,明确其控制机理,从而为深层致密砂岩气藏高效开发及气井稳产提供指导作用。
图1所示,塔里木盆地北部的库车坳陷地区位于依奇克里克构造带东部[14],经历喜马拉雅晚期的构造运动导致构造变形强烈,主要发育近东西向逆冲断裂,研究区多为发育在依奇克里克断裂下盘的大型断鼻[15]
迪北气藏储层主要为下侏罗统的阿合组,阿合组以辨状河三角洲平原-前缘亚相沉积为主,相带稳定、多河道多期砂体叠置连片,埋深范围4 500~5 300 m,砂体厚度介于200~300 m,横向分布稳定。阳霞组和阿合组储层孔隙以微孔隙、溶蚀孔为主,存在少量的方解石胶结,同时储层裂缝比较发育,主要发育次生孔隙型、裂缝-次生孔隙型,属于典型的深层致密砂岩气藏。
实验所用岩心均为砂岩,广泛发育裂缝,选取岩心样品8块,其中3块样品存在裂缝,样品的基本信息如表1所示。参照《岩石中两相流体相对渗透率测定方法》(SY/T5345—2007),通过Auto-floodTM驱替评价系统采集数据,并完成相应数据分析。运用稳态法气水相渗测试装置(图2)对上述岩样开展了气水相渗测试,获取了各岩样的气水相渗曲线。
通常将气水相渗曲线分为4类[16],如图3所示,研究区气水相渗形态特征仅存在Ⅲ、Ⅳ类曲线,表明深层致密砂岩气藏储层渗流能力相对较差。研究区Ⅲ类相渗曲线ABBC,且ACBD段长度较为接近,曲线呈现下凹式[图4(a)];Ⅳ类相渗曲线AB>BC,且ACBD段长度相对较短,曲线形态呈多样性[图4(b)]。
大量的研究表明,不同类型储层的孔隙结构均服从分形特征;此时,储层中孔喉半径大于r的孔喉数量N(>r)与r满足关系[17]如下。
N(>r)= r r m a x  P(r)dr=a r - D p
式(1)中:a为比例常数;P(r)为孔喉半径分布密度函数;rmax为最大孔喉半径,μm;r为孔喉半径,μm;Dp为孔隙分形维数,介于2~3。
那么,孔喉半径小于r的累积孔喉体积分数S可表示为
S= V ( r ) V= r 3 - D p - r m i n 3 - D p r m a x 3 - D p - r m i n 3 - D p
式(2)中:rmin为最小孔喉半径,μm;S为孔喉体积分数;V(<r)为孔喉半径小于r的孔喉体积,μm3;V为总孔喉体积,μm3
一般地,实际储层满足rmin<<rmax,则储层的孔喉分布与分形维数的关系可描述为
S= r r m a x 3 - D p
显然,式(3)仅适用于孔隙型储层。当储层中发育裂缝时,裂缝长度大于l的累计裂缝数量[18-19]可表示为
$N(L \geqslant l)=\left(l_{\max } / l\right)^{D_{\mathrm{f}}}$
式(4)中:l为裂缝长度,m;lmax为最大裂缝长度,m;Df为裂缝分形维数,介于2~3。
则储集层中的总裂缝条数与分形维数具有如下关系:
Nt(Llmin)= ( l m a x / l m i n ) D f
式(5)中:Nt为裂缝数量,条;lmin为最小裂缝长度,m。
式(3)和式(5)即为描述深层致密砂岩储层孔隙和裂缝发育特征的分形维数表达式。可以看出,必须借助有效的储层描述手段,测定孔喉和裂缝分布频率等孔隙结构参数,才能求取储层的分形维数。考虑到岩心尺度的裂缝样本少、代表性差,而基质与裂缝的几何及渗流特征具有显著差异,实际研究过程中一般采用等效孔径来反映裂缝的发育程度。
高压压汞法是目前最为有效的孔隙结构分析方法,能够成功获取大量的微观表征参数。根据拉普拉斯方程,可将式(3)转化为毛管压力与孔喉半径的关系,将等式两边取对数后即可得到基于压汞法的分形维数表达式[20]
lg(1-SHg)=(DMIP-3)lgpc-(DMIP-3)lgpcmin
式(6)中:SHg为汞饱和度;pc为毛管压力,MPa;pcmin为最小毛管压力,MPa;DMIP为压汞法分形维数,介于2~3。
图5展示了岩心YX2-1和岩心YX2-3的压汞法分形维数回归结果,可以看出研究区的压汞分形曲线表现出了明显的“三段式”特征,表明不同孔喉级别的孔隙微观特征具有明显差异。岩心YX2-3的DMIP1高于岩心YX2-1,这预示着裂缝对孔隙结构的复杂程度具有十分显著的影响。
利用VersaXRM-500 Micro-CT扫描仪对两个样本进行Micro-CT扫描,Micro-CT扫描得到的原始图像体积为8×109 μm3。为了分析核心微孔结构,首先采用高斯滤波方法去除图像噪声,其次以部分样本信息损失为代价提取核心中心的方形子体积,采用阈值分割方法对原始图像进行分割,获取二值化图像后,建立三维数字岩心孔隙结构模型(图6),对比图6发现样品YX2-3孔隙较为发育,且发育较多裂缝。图7表明,岩心YX2-1和YX2-3的平均孔隙体积分别为0.39 μm3和8.51 μm3,且后者的等效直径、孔隙长度及孔隙宽度均高于前者,综合印证了样品YX2-3的裂缝较为发育。
实践表明,核磁共振T2谱是一种非常有效的孔隙微观特征表征手段,基于核磁共振的分形维数表达式[21-22]可描述为
lgST=(3-DNMR)lgT2-(3-DNMR)lgT2max
式(7)中:ST为驰豫时间小于T2的孔隙体积占比;T2为横向驰豫时间,ms;T2max为最大横向驰豫时间,ms;DNMR为核磁共振分形维数,介于2~3。
图8展示了岩心YX2-1和岩心YX2-3的核磁共振分形维数回归结果,其结果同样显示出了典型的多重分形特征。
由于压汞法和核磁共振得到的分形维数均具有分段特征,需要根据不同孔喉级别的平均孔隙度对相应的分形维数进行加权平均,以获得储层的总分形维数。压汞法和核磁共振总分形维数的计算方法分别如式(8)和式(9)所示。
DMIP=DMIP1 φ M I P 1 φ M I P 1 + φ M I P 2 + φ M I P 3+DMIP2 φ M I P 2 φ M I P 1 + φ M I P 2 + φ M I P 3+DMIP3 φ M I P 3 φ M I P 1 + φ M I P 2 + φ M I P 3
DNMR=DNMR1 φ N M R 1 φ N M R 1 + φ N M R 2 + φ N M R 3+DNMR2 φ N M R 2 φ N M R 1 + φ N M R 2 + φ N M R 3+DNMR3 φ N M R 3 φ N M R 1 + φ N M R 2 + φ N M R 3
式中:φMIP为压汞法孔隙度,%;φNMR为核磁共振孔隙度,%。
通过高压气水相渗、高压压汞曲线、微米CT重构模型及核磁共振T2谱测试分析,最终获取了8块岩心样品的微观孔喉结构及气水相渗参数,结果如表2所示。
基于不同岩石气水相渗曲线特征分析及微观孔隙参数的获取,通过可动气体孔隙度(φm)、最大有效气相渗透率(Kgmax)以表征气相在储层微观孔隙内的渗流能力[23-24]。可动气体孔隙度用于表征气流的流动空间所占孔隙度,表征方程为
φm=0.01φ(Swi-Sgr-Swr)
式(10)中:Swi为样品初始含水饱和度,%;Sgr为残余气饱和度,%;Swr为束缚水饱和度,%;φ为岩样孔隙度,%;φm为可动气体孔隙度,%。
最大有效气相渗透率用于表征气水两相流动时,气相渗流时的最大渗透率,表征方程[25-26]
Kgmax=KgwrK
式(11)中:Kgwr为束缚水点的气相相对渗透率,10-3 μm2;K为岩心样品渗透率,10-3 μm2
根据各实验方法获取的参数与可动气体孔隙度、最大有效气相渗透率的交会图(图9)可知,最大进汞饱和度、排驱压力及平均孔喉半径与可动气体孔隙度具有较好的相关性;而平均喉道长度、平均孔喉半径与最大有效气相渗透率具有较好的相关性。且相关系数均大于0.55,图9(a)图9(b)表明了随进汞饱和度、平均孔喉半径的增加或排驱压力的减小,可动气体孔隙度增大;而最大有效气相渗透率反映了气体渗流能力,仅与孔喉配置关系相关,因此,图9(c)图9(d)表明了最大有效气相渗透率与平均喉道长度及平均孔喉半径呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.677 7、0.591 1。
基于高压压汞曲线、核磁共振T2谱测试结果,分别获取的总分形维数与可动气体孔隙度、最大有效气相渗透率的交会图(图10)可知,核磁共振分形维数(DNMR)、压汞分形维数(DMIP)与可动气体孔隙度具有较好的相关性,且相关系数均高于储层微观孔喉参数。这表明分形维数可以较好地刻画孔喉结构的复杂程度;而核磁共振分形维数的相关系数略高于压汞分形维数,表明前者对微观孔喉结构的刻画更为精细。
总分形维数越大,孔喉非均质性、孔喉表面的迂曲度及复杂程度越高,可动气体孔隙度越小,而储层中气相渗流能力的主要影响因素并非分形维数,因此,最大气相渗透率与总分形维数的相关性差。
(1)压汞法及核磁共振的分形曲线表现出了经典的“三段式”特征,且裂缝的存在直接导致了大孔隙分形维数的增加,进而显著影响了储层微观孔喉结构的复杂程度。
(2)最大进汞饱和度与可动气体孔隙度的相关系数高达0.746 2,平均喉道长度与最大有效气相渗透率的相关系数高达0.677 7。表明了岩心储存的可动流体主要与最大进汞饱和度相关,岩心中的气体渗流能力主要与平均喉道长度相关。
(3)由可动气体孔隙度、最大有效气相渗透率与分形维数存在明显的负相关性可知,且相关系数均高于储层微观孔喉参数,分形维数能够综合刻画储层微观孔喉结构的复杂性及非均质性,其中,核磁共振分形维数对储层微观孔喉结构的刻画更精细。
  • 盆地构造与油气成藏重点实验室开放课题(2023-KFKT-06)
  • 中石油塔里木油田科研项目(041021090128)
  • 中石油创新基金(2022DQ02-0202)
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2025年第25卷第1期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308527
  • 接收时间:2023-11-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-01
  • 修回日期:2024-07-19
基金
盆地构造与油气成藏重点实验室开放课题(2023-KFKT-06)
中石油塔里木油田科研项目(041021090128)
中石油创新基金(2022DQ02-0202)
作者信息
    1.中国石油塔里木油田公司, 库尔勒 841000
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    3.中国石油天然气股份有限公司提高油气采收率全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
    4.中国石油天然气股份有限公司盆地构造与油气成藏重点实验室, 北京 100083
    5.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
    6.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

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* 罗翔(1996—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,博士研究生。研究方向:多尺度储层定量表征及多物理场渗流耦合模拟。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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