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The tension string system with concentrated viscous damping belongs to a hybrid dynamic system in mechanical models. Approximate methods are typically used to solve its inherent problems for engineering applications. In order to further clarify the vibration characteristics of the system, two centrally damped symmetrical damping string systems were taken as the basic research object, and their complex eigenvalues were solved analytically. The complex frequency equation and the eigenvalue expression of the system were derived, and the transformation of the complex frequency equation beyond the function form was treated as algebraic form, and the explicit solution of the complex eigenvalue of the system was given by the algebraic equation. The structure and properties of the complex eigenvalues of the system were analyzed, and the variation of vibration characteristics with damping coefficient was discussed. The results show that the eigenvalue solution of the system can be divided into three branches, in which the real part of the eigenvalue(the inverse is the decay rate) does not change with the order of the system motion, but the imaginary part of the eigenvalue(the frequency) increases with the order of the motion. The decay rate curves corresponding to each solution branch increase first and then decrease with the damping coefficient, and in the damping range of the decay rate curve, the frequencies of each order of the system are equal.

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郑罡(1972—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:斜拉索振动控制、桥梁抗震设计及结构健康监测。E-mail:

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郑罡(1972—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:斜拉索振动控制、桥梁抗震设计及结构健康监测。E-mail:

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郑罡(1972—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:斜拉索振动控制、桥梁抗震设计及结构健康监测。E-mail:

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Eigenvalues of symmetric double concentrated damped string system with four spans

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阶次 本征值 衰减率 频率
1 -1.098 6±3.141 5i 1.098 6 π
2 -2.197 2±6.283 1i 2.197 2
3 -1.098 6±9.424 7i 1.098 6
4 -1.098 6±15.707 9i 1.098 6
5 -2.197 2±18.849 5i 2.197 2
6 -1.098 6±21.991 1i 1.098 6
7 -1.098 6±28.274 3i 1.098 6
8 -2.197 2±31.415 9i 2.197 2 10π
9 -1.098 6±34.557 5i 1.098 6 11π
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四分跨对称双集中阻尼弦系统的本征值

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阶次 本征值 衰减率 频率
1 -1.098 6±3.141 5i 1.098 6 π
2 -2.197 2±6.283 1i 2.197 2
3 -1.098 6±9.424 7i 1.098 6
4 -1.098 6±15.707 9i 1.098 6
5 -2.197 2±18.849 5i 2.197 2
6 -1.098 6±21.991 1i 1.098 6
7 -1.098 6±28.274 3i 1.098 6
8 -2.197 2±31.415 9i 2.197 2 10π
9 -1.098 6±34.557 5i 1.098 6 11π
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四分跨对称双集中阻尼弦系统的振动特性
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郑罡 , 曾广榕 , 张永顺 , 杨钰峰 , 王保權
科学技术与工程 | 论文·力学 2025,25(1): 30-36
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·力学 2025, 25(1): 30-36
四分跨对称双集中阻尼弦系统的振动特性
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郑罡 , 曾广榕, 张永顺, 杨钰峰, 王保權
作者信息
  • 重庆交通大学山区桥梁及隧道工程国家重点实验室, 重庆 400074
  • 郑罡(1972—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:斜拉索振动控制、桥梁抗震设计及结构健康监测。E-mail:

Vibration Characteristics of Four-span Symmetric Double Concentrated Damping String System
Gang ZHENG , Guang-rong ZENG, Yong-shun ZHANG, Yu-feng YANG, Bao-quan WANG
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401625
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带有集中黏滞阻尼的张紧弦系统在力学模型上属于混杂动力学系统,为满足工程应用一般采用近似方法求解其本征问题。为进一步明确该系统振动特性,以两项集中阻尼对称布置于四等分跨的阻尼弦系统作为基础研究对象,并对其复本征值进行解析求解。推导系统的复频率方程和本征函数表达式,将超越函数形式的复频率方程换元处理为代数形式,利用代数方程给出系统复本征值的显式解。分析系统复本征值的结构和性质,讨论振动特性随阻尼系数的变化规律。结果表明:系统本征解可归为3个解支,在同一解支内本征值实部(相反数即为衰减率)不随系统运动阶次而改变,本征值虚部(即频率)则随运动阶次以4π为周期依次递增;各解支所对应的衰减率曲线均随阻尼系数呈先递增、后递减的趋势,且在衰减率曲线连续变化的阻尼区间内,系统各阶运动的频率相等。
集中阻尼  /  张紧弦  /  动力特性  /  复本征值  /  复模态

The tension string system with concentrated viscous damping belongs to a hybrid dynamic system in mechanical models. Approximate methods are typically used to solve its inherent problems for engineering applications. In order to further clarify the vibration characteristics of the system, two centrally damped symmetrical damping string systems were taken as the basic research object, and their complex eigenvalues were solved analytically. The complex frequency equation and the eigenvalue expression of the system were derived, and the transformation of the complex frequency equation beyond the function form was treated as algebraic form, and the explicit solution of the complex eigenvalue of the system was given by the algebraic equation. The structure and properties of the complex eigenvalues of the system were analyzed, and the variation of vibration characteristics with damping coefficient was discussed. The results show that the eigenvalue solution of the system can be divided into three branches, in which the real part of the eigenvalue(the inverse is the decay rate) does not change with the order of the system motion, but the imaginary part of the eigenvalue(the frequency) increases with the order of the motion. The decay rate curves corresponding to each solution branch increase first and then decrease with the damping coefficient, and in the damping range of the decay rate curve, the frequencies of each order of the system are equal.

concentrated damping  /  taut string  /  dynamic characteristics  /  complex eigenvalue  /  complex mode
郑罡, 曾广榕, 张永顺, 杨钰峰, 王保權. 四分跨对称双集中阻尼弦系统的振动特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401625
Gang ZHENG, Guang-rong ZENG, Yong-shun ZHANG, Yu-feng YANG, Bao-quan WANG. Vibration Characteristics of Four-span Symmetric Double Concentrated Damping String System[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401625
斜拉索由于自身柔度大、内阻尼低等特点,在风荷载及桥面激励作用下易产生振动问题,受到学界持续关注[1-3]。工程应用中,常在拉索端部安装外置阻尼器来解决其振动问题[4-6]。在力学模型上,可将这类带有集中阻尼的张紧弦结构归结为集中阻尼弦[7-8]
对于集中阻尼弦系统的研究最早可追溯到20世纪末,Carne[9]利用近似分析方法,在阻尼靠近弦端时首次得到频率方程的近似解,并推导出系统一阶模态阻尼比随阻尼位置或阻尼系数的近似关系。随后,Kovacs[10]提出了针对黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数优化问题。Krenk[11]引入狄拉克函数得到系统的复频率方程,并通过伽辽金法推导出系统在阻尼靠近弦端时的模态阻尼比近似解析表达式。在解析求解方面,Main等[12]利用位移协调条件得到集中阻尼弦系统的复频率方程,并将该方程根据实虚部分离为两项方程,其中虚部方程无阻尼系数参与,故借助该方程分析了系统不同阻尼位置下的频率变化,并讨论所得本征解的分类特点。以上研究对于单个集中阻尼布置于弦端的振动问题进行了充分讨论,为实际工程中明确复杂动力行为提供了强有力的理论支持。
近年来高阶振动问题尤为突出,表明仅安装单个集中阻尼已经难以满足拉索减振要求[13-15],通常在拉索两端均安装集中阻尼以提供更大的阻尼比。事实上,早在2007年,Hoang等[16]讨论了阻尼同端布置和异端布置下系统的模态阻尼比,结果表明异端布置两项集中阻尼的模态阻尼比远大于同端布置情况。Caracoglia等[17]利用位移协调条件给出两项集中阻尼器靠近弦端时的阻尼设计通用曲线,同时通过数值方法得到系统在不同阻尼位置下的阻尼比与频率关系。上述研究在阻尼布置位置的选取和讨论上,主要基于集中阻尼布置于弦端的近似假设,且在求解系统的本征问题上仍采用数值方法极大减少了实际问题的求解难度。
然而随着大跨径斜拉桥的发展,斜拉索长度不断增大,相比短索而言,其基频较低,在外部荷载作用下更易诱发高阶振动,通过现有理论方法计算拉索的振动问题仍面临一些问题[18-19]。一是求解方法的适用性问题,上述研究成果主要是利用近似方法对集中阻尼弦的本征问题进行讨论,这种近似便于将复杂的力学问题应用于工程实际中。但需要注意到,对弦上任意位置布置集中阻尼的情况仍存在一定的局限性,同时近似后的力学模型与实际物理系统之间的差别不易明确。二是复频率方程本身的可解析性问题[20],现有理论研究中,通常在得到系统的复频率方程后,采用有限元法、牛顿迭代法或精细积分法等[21-22]数值方法对其求解,并得到精度较高的数值解来适应工程应用需求。然而所得数值结果只能通过其他数值方法来间接验证,对于解本身的正确性和结构性,数值方法显然无法给出判断。因此,现将两项集中阻尼对称布置在四等分跨,借助这一简化力学模型从解析角度求解系统的本征问题。在研究方法上,将超越函数形式的复频率方程转化为代数方程,并借助代数方程讨论本征解的结构与性质;并在此基础上,分析系统振动特性随阻尼系数的变化规律。
考虑的问题如图1所示,带有两项集中黏滞阻尼的张紧弦,其弦长为 l ~,弦的质量密度为 m ~,张力为 T ~,边界条件为两端固定,位置坐标 x ~以左端点为起始点,向右为正方向,两项集中阻尼分别布置于张紧弦的 x ~ 1 x ~ 2处,且0< x ~ 1< x ~ 2< l ~
则该系统自由振动的运动方程[18]
$\begin{array}{r} -\tilde{T} \frac{\partial^{2} \tilde{w}(\tilde{x}, \tilde{t})}{\partial \tilde{x}^{2}}+\tilde{m} \frac{\partial^{2} \tilde{w}(\tilde{x}, \tilde{t})}{\partial \tilde{t}^{2}}= \\ -\frac{\partial \tilde{w}(\tilde{x}, \tilde{t})}{\partial \tilde{t}} \sum_{i=1}^{2} \tilde{c}_{i} \tilde{\delta}\left(\tilde{x}-\tilde{x}_{i}\right) \end{array}$
式(1)中: t ~ w ~(x ~, t ~)、 δ ~(x ~- x ~ i)分别为时间坐标、挠曲响应函数和狄拉克函数; c ~ i为各项阻尼的线性黏滞系数(c ~ i≥0,i=1,2)。
考虑到式(1)的基本物理量均为有量纲参数,为将真实的物理空间去量纲化,现引入以下无量纲参数及函数。
t ~ = t m ~ l ~ 2 T ~ = t ω ~ ω ~ = 1 l ~ T ~ m ~ x ~ = x l ~ c ~ i = c i m ~ T ~ w ~ ( x ~ , t ~ ) = l ~ w ( x , t ) δ ~ ( x ~ - x ~ i ) = δ ( x - x i ) / l ~
式(2)中:常数 ω ~为系统的圆频率,简称频率。
将式(2)代入式(1),即可得到系统运动方程的无量纲形式为
- 2 w ( x , t ) x 2+ 2 w ( x , t ) t 2=- w ( x , t ) t i = 1 2 ciδ(x-xi)
注意到,式(3)将常系数 m ~ T ~隐去,且参数及函数均不带上标“~”,即为无量纲物理量。故相对于式(1),式(3)在形式上更为简洁。此外,后续对于式(3)的求解,仅需通过式(2)线性变换,即可得到式(1)的解。
事实上,由于系统运动方程式(3)等式右端带有狄拉克函数,故通常采用数值手段进行求解。同时注意到,若对式(3)进行分离变量及积分变换,可将狄拉克函数转化为单位阶跃函数。则问题的提法可以转化为:解析给出运动方程的挠曲函数、复频率方程表达式,通过换元法等解析给出系统的复本征值,并讨论本征解的可解析性问题。
利用分离变量法,可设系统的挠曲响应函数为
w(x,t)=φ(x)ept
式(4)中:φ(x)为系统的本征函数;p为系统的复本征值。将式(4)代入式(3),即可得到常微分方程为
-φ″(x)+p2φ(x)=-(x) i = 1 2 ciδ(x-xi)
将式(5)中的本征函数φ(x)表示为格林函数的加权和函数形式,即
φ(x)=-p i = 1 2 φ(xi)Gicp(x)
式(6)中:Gicp(x)为以位置坐标x为自变量的格林函数,包含xicip共3个参数,将式(6)代入式(5)并进行拉氏正、逆变换,即可得到Gicp(x)的显示解析表达式[7]
$G_{i c p}(x)=\frac{c_{i}}{p}\left\{\frac{\sinh \left[p\left(1-x_{i}\right)\right]}{\sinh p} \sinh (p x)-\mu\left(x-x_{i}\right) \sinh \left[p\left(x-x_{i}\right)\right]\right\}$
式(7)中:μ(x-xi)为单位阶跃函数。
利用阻尼位置xr(r=1,2)处的位移协调条件,则可得到零位移边界条件下系统的本征方程组为
i = 1 2 [δir+pGi(xr)]φ(xi)=0
式(8)中:δir为克罗内尔记号。式(8)存在非平凡解的充要条件是其系数矩阵的行列式为0。由此得到系统的复频率方程并代入无量纲阻尼位置坐标x1=1/4,x2=3/4,可得到集中黏滞阻尼对称布置于张紧弦四分跨位置时的复频率方程为
sinhp+(c1+c2)sinh(p/4)sinh(3p/4)+c1c2sinh2(p/4)sinh(p/2)=0
式(9)是超越函数形式的复频率方程,一般情况下仅可通过数值方法进行求解,而难以得到解析形式的本征解。同时注意到,式(9)中仅含一项未知参数p,阻尼系数c1c2均为常数,故考虑对其进一步简化,以转化为代数方程。
利用双曲函数的倍角关系,可将式(9)中双曲函数自变量进一步简化,同时令z=tanh(p/4),再化简得到
z3+a2z2+a1z+a0=0
式(10)中:常系数ai(i=0,1,2,3)分别为
a 0 = 4 / ( c 1 + c 2 ) a 1 = 3 a 2 = ( 2 c 1 c 2 + 4 ) / ( c 1 + c 2 )
至此,复频率方程由式(9)的超越函数形式变为了式(10)首一单变量实系数的一元三次代数方程。
为便于后续理论分析,令系统的两项阻尼系数均为c,求得代数方程式(10)的根为
z 1 = - 2 c z 2 = - c - - 4 + c 2 2 z 3 = - c + - 4 + c 2 2
根据z=tanh(p/4),系统的复本征值可表示为
$-\frac{\partial^{2} w(x, t)}{\partial x^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} w(x, t)}{\partial t^{2}}=-\frac{\partial w(x, t)}{\partial t} \sum_{i=1}^{2} c_{i} \delta\left(x-x_{i}\right)$
式(13)中:i为对应代数方程根的排序(i=1,2,3)。则可将所有本征值归为3组解分支,简称解支,每一组解支对应于代数方程的一个根。
式(13)的复本征值pi可展开为复数形式,即$p_{i}^{(k)}=\sigma_{i}+\mathrm{j} \omega_{i}^{(k)}$。其中,k为复本征值所属的运动阶次,σi为本征值实部,j为虚数单位。复本征值的实虚部可由式(14)得到。
σ i ( k ) = R e [ p i ( k ) ] = 2 l n 1 + z i 1 - z i ω i ( k ) = I m [ p i ( k ) ]   = 2 t a n - 1 I m 1 + z i 1 - z i / R e 1 + z i 1 - z i +       4 s π
式(14)中:常数s=0,±1,±2,±3,…。值得注意的是,实部 σ i ( k )的相反数为对数衰减率和振动周期的比值,故记为 η i ( k )=- σ i ( k ),表示单位时间的对数衰减率,简称衰减率。
将系统代数方程的根式(12)代入式(13),并依据式(14)将其分区间进行展开,则可得到系统本征值各解支的分段函数形式为
p 1 ( k ) = 2 l n 2 - c c + 2 + j ( 4 s + 2 ) π ,     0 c 2 2 l n c - 2 c + 2 + j 4 s π ,     c 2 p 2 ( k ) = 2 l n 4 - c 2 c + 2 + j ( 4 s - 1 ) π ,   0 c 2 2 l n c 2 - 4 c + 2 + j ( 4 s + 2 ) π ,   c 2 p 3 ( k ) = 2 l n 4 - c 2 c + 2 + j ( 4 s + 1 ) π ,   0 c 2 2 l n c 2 - 4 c + 2 + j 4 s π ,   c 2
可以发现,系统各个解支均对应于无穷多个本征值分支,在单个解支内,系统各阶衰减率 η i ( k )不随阶次发生改变,系统各阶频率 ω i ( k )构成公差为4π的等差数列。此外,系统与阻尼的函数关系存在1个函数性质突变点(c=2),即令对数函数内的分式为0或代数方程根内的子式为0的点。因此可将系统本征值分不同阻尼区间进行讨论,在不同阻尼区间内,系统的振动特性也会发生改变。
由式(12)和式(13)可知,系统本征值与阻尼的函数关系实际上表明了代数方程根与本征解的关系。相同方程根所对应的本征解必然相等,系统运动状态也必然相等。因此,依据代数方程根的变化,可将系统本征值分为两类情况。
第一类(0<c<2):系统代数方程的根为一实根和一对共轭复根,则共轭复根对应的解支相互共轭,且共轭解支各阶的 η i ( k )相等, ω i ( k )互为相反数。
第二类(c>2):系统代数方程的根全为实根且互不相等,对应解支共轭性消失,尽管解支衰减率 η 2 ( k ) η 3 ( k )仍然相同,但频率不再互为相反数。
本征值的结构随阻尼系数发生改变时,以上两类情况发生交替,此时系统频率和衰减率均发生改变。
此外,注意到系统各个解支内的实部均相同,虚部按相同周期的差值重复出现。因此,当系统的本征值均按阶次排序时,每组解支(实部相同)必然将交错有序的循环出现。随着阶次的增大,各阶本征值对应的衰减率和频率均在不同解支内循环出现。
为验证上述性质,现以数值方法对文献[17]的双集中阻尼弦复频率方程进行求解,记阻尼系数c1=c2=1,得到阻尼位置对称布置于四分跨时系统的前9阶本征值如表1所示(i= - 1)。
表1可知,系统的本征值(c<2)均为共轭出现,且共轭解支对应的衰减率相同。此外,随着频率阶次的增加,三组解支对应的衰减率均交错出现,而单个解支内的频率则以4π为周期依次递增,呈现出一定的规律性与循环性。
由式(15)分别绘制出系统衰减率 η i ( k )和频率 ω i ( k )随阻尼系数c的变化关系如图2所示。系统的运动阶次k按照所有解支对应频率的绝对值从小到大排序(频率为0时除外)。
图2图3可知,当c<2时,系统的衰减率 η i ( k )由0增加至无穷大;当c>2时, η i ( k )由无穷大减小至0;当c=2时,系统表征的各阶运动将会瞬时衰减至0,阻尼振动将被瞬间抑制。系统任意阶次频率在c=2时发生跳跃,除该点外,系统频率不随阻尼系数发生改变,仅随系统运动阶次的变化在同一解支内按差值为4π的周期重复。
此外,应注意到,系统各个解支的衰减率不随系统运动阶次发生改变,且在任意阻尼区间均存在 η 2 ( k )= η 3 ( k ),而系统各阶次频率均互为相反数。则系统的复本征值 p i ( k )必然存在以下两种共轭关系:第一类是单个解支内的共轭,即同一 η i ( k )对应的同阶次 ω i ( k )互为相反数;第二类是不同解支间的共轭,即不同解支对应的 η i ( k )相等,且其相同阶次下的 ω i ( k )恰为相反数。
系统的模态阻尼比可显式表达为
ζ i ( k )= 1 [ ω i ( k ) / η i ( k ) ] 2 + 1
式(16)中: ζ i ( k )为系统第i组解支对应的第k阶阻尼。则利用式(14)可得到系统任意阶次的阻尼比曲线,将前5阶阻尼比 ζ i ( k )随阻尼系数c的变化关系曲线绘制如图4所示。特别地,当频率为0时,阻尼比恒定为1,此时系统做无振荡衰减运动,故不考虑。
图4可知,当c<2时,系统前五阶阻尼比随阻尼由0增加至1;当c>2时,系统前五阶阻尼比随阻尼由1减少至0;仅当c=2时,系统前五阶阻尼比达到最大值1。结合式(16)和图2不难发现,当c=2时,其衰减率 η i ( k )趋于无穷大,频率趋近于常数,故此时阻尼比恒定为1。
此外,结合图3可以观察到,同一阶次的阻尼比曲线在不同阻尼区间下对应的解支可能发生改变,其实质是当c=2时,各阶次频率 ω i ( k )均发生跳跃。事实上,在文献[17]中将c=2时的系统运动状态称为“亚临界状态”,即与传统的临界阻尼有所区别。值得一提的是,不同阻尼区间下,阻尼比曲线对应解支互换的现象均发生在相互共轭的解支之间。
将式(7)代入式(6),可得到包含未知向量φ(xr)的本征函数表达式,其中r=1,2。再利用式(8)的本征方程组,即可求得未知向量表达式,对于对称振型的情况,可令φ(x1)=φ(x2)=1,则可得到此时系统的本征函数为
$\begin{aligned} \varphi(x)= & \sum_{i=1}^{2} c_{i}\left\{\mu\left(x-x_{i}\right) \sinh \left[p\left(x-x_{i}\right)\right]-\right. \\ & \left.\sinh ^{-1} p \sinh \left[p\left(1-x_{i}\right)\right] \sinh (p x)\right\} \end{aligned}$
分别将阻尼位置(x1=1/4,x2=3/4)和阻尼系数(c1=c2=c)代入式(17),并化简成分段函数得到
$\varphi(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} \sinh (p x), & 0<x<\frac{1}{4} \\ A \cosh \left[p\left(\frac{1}{2}-x\right)\right], & \frac{1}{4} \leqslant x \leqslant \frac{3}{4} \\ \sinh [p(1-x)], & \frac{3}{4}<x<1 \end{array}\right.$
式(18)中:A=tanh(p/4),即为本征值p待定的常数。式(18)是四分跨对称双集中阻尼弦系统本征函数对称振型下归一化后的表达式,其实际上是关于复本征值p和位置坐标x的双变量函数。由式(18)可知,系统本征函数φ(x)实际上是弦中点位置(x=1/2)对称的,即表征当本征向量相等时,系统在任意阻尼系数下的各阶本征函数均为对称振型。
由于复本征值$p_{i}^{(k)}=\sigma_{i}+\mathrm{j} \omega_{i}^{(k)}$,即系统本征函数实为复平面下的函数形状,则可将其分为实部形状和虚部形状。即得到系统在零位移边界下一阶本征函数φ1(x)实部和虚部随阻尼系数的变化图形,将其分别绘制于图5图6中,其中函数形状均已利用峰值进行归一化处理。
图5图6可知,当c<2时,随着阻尼系数增大,系统一阶本征函数的实部形状在除阻尼位置处外迅速衰减至0,虚部形状则在阻尼位置处恒定为0,中点位置由1衰减至0,其余位置则迅速由0增加到1;当c>2时,随着阻尼系数增大,系统一阶本征函数的实部形状开始向两侧“扩展”,虚部形状则开始向内“波动”,中点位置由0增加至1;可以发现,当c<2时,集中阻尼对系统本征函数的影响作用随阻尼系数c增大而增加,而当c>2后,集中阻尼对系统本征函数的影响作用随阻尼系数c增大而减小。
研究了在张紧弦上四分跨位置对称布置两项集中黏滞阻尼时系统的本征问题,推导出系统的复频率方程,并在代数层面对本征值解析求解,分析本征值的结构和性质,并讨论了系统的振动特性随阻尼系数的变化规律,得到如下结果。
(1)系统存在三组解支,各解支所对应的衰减率曲线均随阻尼系数呈先递增、后递减的趋势,且在衰减率曲线单调性发生变化时,系统各阶阻尼比均达到最大值。
(2)当系统本征值按阶次排序时,其对应衰减率将交错有序的循环出现,单个解支内的频率则随运动阶次以4π为周期依次递增。
(3)系统本征函数可由双曲函数表示,且本征向量相等时,任意阶次下的本征函数均为对称振型,即系统的有衰减运动均关于中点对称。
在阻尼布置于四分跨位置下得到双集中阻尼弦的解析解,并分析了系统在自由振动下的本征值特性,所得结果及代数化方法有望为超长斜拉索阻尼设计的基础理论推导研究提供参考依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52178272)
  • 国家自然科学基金(51978112)
参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第25卷第1期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401625
  • 接收时间:2024-03-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-08
  • 修回日期:2024-10-11
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国家自然科学基金(52178272)
国家自然科学基金(51978112)
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    重庆交通大学山区桥梁及隧道工程国家重点实验室, 重庆 400074
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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