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With the increasingly serious problem of climate change, green and low-carbon operations have become an important principle for the sustainable development of the air transportation industry. Taking a single runway transport airport as the research object and green and low-carbon and passenger walking distance as the optimization objective, a green and low-carbon gate assignment model under multiple scenarios was constructed, and a genetic-tabu search combined optimization algorithm was designed to solve it. Finally, a transport airport in northeast China was taken as an example for simulation experiment. The experimental results are shown as follows. In the optimal assignment scheme, if considering green and low-carbon, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 3.1%, the taxiing distance of the aircraft by 3.1%, HC emission by 4.2%, CO emission by 3.6%, NOX emission by 3.1%, and CO2 emission by 3.1% comparatively. But passenger walking distance can be increased by 5.3% at the same time. If considering green and low-carbon as well as the interests of the passengers, the fuel consumption can be decreased by 2.1%, the taxiing distance of the aircraft by 2.2%, HC emission by 3.8%, CO emission by 2.7%, NOX emission by 2.0%, CO2 emission by 2.1%, and passenger walking distance by 2.1% comparatively. Thus, it is possible to strike a balance between green and low-carbon development and the interests of travelers.

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随着环境气候问题日益严峻,绿色低碳已成为航空运输业可持续发展的重要原则。以单跑道运输机场为研究对象,以绿色低碳、旅客步行距离为优化目标,构建多情景下绿色低碳停机位分配模型,并设计遗传-禁忌搜索组合优化算法求解,最后以中国东北部的运输机场为实例进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,与实际运行分配方案相比,若仅考虑绿色低碳,最优分配方案可减少3.1%的燃油消耗,减少3.1%的航空器滑行距离,减少4.2%HC、3.6%CO、3.1%NOX、3.1%CO2排放,但会提高5.3%的旅客步行距离;若同时兼顾绿色低碳和旅客利益,最优分配方案可减少2.1%的燃油消耗,减少2.2%的航空器滑行距离,减少3.8%HC、2.7%CO、2.0%NOX、2.1%的CO2排放,减少2.1%的旅客步行距离。可见绿色低碳发展的同时,仍可兼顾旅客利益。

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陈俣秀(1980—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色民航可持续发展,航空运输规划与管理。E-mail:

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陈俣秀(1980—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色民航可持续发展,航空运输规划与管理。E-mail:

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陈俣秀(1980—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色民航可持续发展,航空运输规划与管理。E-mail:

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(2019-05) [2023-10-17]. https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/environment/icaoaircraft-engine-emissions-databank., articleTitle=ICAO engine exhaust emissions databank, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205909421415268716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=384, pageEnd=390, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=36, authorNames=冯霞, 王青召, journalName=北京理工大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯霞, 王青召. 考虑缓冲时间成本的鲁棒性停机位分配[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2019, 39(4): 384-390., articleTitle=考虑缓冲时间成本的鲁棒性停机位分配, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1205909421478183277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=384, pageEnd=390, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Feng Xia, Wang Qingzhao, journalName=Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng Xia, Wang Qingzhao. Robust gate assignment considering buffer time cost[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2019, 39(4): 384-390., articleTitle=Robust gate assignment considering buffer time cost, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1205909418609279303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, awardId=14002500000020J074, language=CN, fundingSource=中国民航局安全能力基金(14002500000020J074), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1205909415119618315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1205909415128006924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, companyId=1205909415119618315, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Flight operation data

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航班
序号
机型 进港
时间
进港旅
客人数
离港
时间
离港旅
客人数
1 B737 08:19 139 09:31 159
2 ARJ21 10:18 41 11:24 76
3 A319 10:59 94 13:06 122
13 B737 19:08 136 20:15 123
14 A321 19:57 167 21:30 146
15 B737 21:21 170 22:20 121
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418034659648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

航班运行数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
航班
序号
机型 进港
时间
进港旅
客人数
离港
时间
离港旅
客人数
1 B737 08:19 139 09:31 159
2 ARJ21 10:18 41 11:24 76
3 A319 10:59 94 13:06 122
13 B737 19:08 136 20:15 123
14 A321 19:57 167 21:30 146
15 B737 21:21 170 22:20 121
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418097574209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Airport gate information

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序号 停机位
等级
进港滑
行距离/m
离港滑
行距离/m
进港步行
距离/m
离港步行
距离/m
1 B 2 066 1 666 123 105
2 C 2 019 1 619 159 115
3 C 1 972 1 572 126 97
4 C 1 925 1 525 100 98
5 C 1 878 1 478 95 122
6 C 1 831 1 431 111 155
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418181460290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

机场停机位信息

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序号 停机位
等级
进港滑
行距离/m
离港滑
行距离/m
进港步行
距离/m
离港步行
距离/m
1 B 2 066 1 666 123 105
2 C 2 019 1 619 159 115
3 C 1 972 1 572 126 97
4 C 1 925 1 525 100 98
5 C 1 878 1 478 95 122
6 C 1 831 1 431 111 155
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418244374851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Aircraft engine fuel rates and emission indices under idle conditions

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机型 典型发动机型号 数量/个 燃油流率/(kg·s-1) HC/(g·kg-1) CO/(g·kg-1) NOX/(g·kg-1)
A320 CFM56-5A3 2 0.104 1.3 16.2 4.1
B737 CFM56-3C-1 2 0.124 1.42 26.8 4.3
ARJ21 CF34-10A 2 0.084 6.96 52.05 3.45
A319 CFM56-5B5/P 2 0.102 6.2 30 3.8
A321 V2530-A5 2 0.138 0.1 10.95 5
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418303095108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

慢车状态下航空器发动机燃油流率及排放指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机型 典型发动机型号 数量/个 燃油流率/(kg·s-1) HC/(g·kg-1) CO/(g·kg-1) NOX/(g·kg-1)
A320 CFM56-5A3 2 0.104 1.3 16.2 4.1
B737 CFM56-3C-1 2 0.124 1.42 26.8 4.3
ARJ21 CF34-10A 2 0.084 6.96 52.05 3.45
A319 CFM56-5B5/P 2 0.102 6.2 30 3.8
A321 V2530-A5 2 0.138 0.1 10.95 5
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418382786885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Objective function values for different scenarios

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情景 S1 S2 S3 S4
w1:w2权重设置 1∶0 0∶1 0.5∶0.5 0.8∶0.2
GA-燃油消耗/kg 2 701.09 2 771.75 2 746.66 2 711.01
GA-碳排放量/kg 8 508.43 8 731.02 8 651.98 8 539.70
GA-旅客步行距离/kg 444 015 405 101 405 467 425 429
GA-TS-燃油消耗/kg 2 694.86 2 759.29 2 746.66 2 723.46
GA-TS-碳排放量/kg 8 488.81 8 691.76 8 651.95 8 578.90
GA-TS-旅客步行距离/m 446 684 403 574 404 864 415 270
最优分配方案目标值 1 1 1.01 1.01
实际分配方案目标值 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.04
), ArticleFig(id=1205909418454090054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908299305177844, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同情景下目标函数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景 S1 S2 S3 S4
w1:w2权重设置 1∶0 0∶1 0.5∶0.5 0.8∶0.2
GA-燃油消耗/kg 2 701.09 2 771.75 2 746.66 2 711.01
GA-碳排放量/kg 8 508.43 8 731.02 8 651.98 8 539.70
GA-旅客步行距离/kg 444 015 405 101 405 467 425 429
GA-TS-燃油消耗/kg 2 694.86 2 759.29 2 746.66 2 723.46
GA-TS-碳排放量/kg 8 488.81 8 691.76 8 651.95 8 578.90
GA-TS-旅客步行距离/m 446 684 403 574 404 864 415 270
最优分配方案目标值 1 1 1.01 1.01
实际分配方案目标值 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.04
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基于遗传-禁忌搜索算法绿色低碳停机位分配
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陈俣秀 1, 2 , 全力炎 1, 2 , 于剑 3 , 张立超 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025,25(1): 410-415
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025, 25(1): 410-415
基于遗传-禁忌搜索算法绿色低碳停机位分配
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陈俣秀1, 2 , 全力炎1, 2, 于剑3, 张立超4
作者信息
  • 1.中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院, 天津 300300
  • 2.中国民航环境与可持续发展研究中心, 天津 300300
  • 3.中国民航管理干部学院, 北京 100102
  • 4.佳木斯东郊机场, 佳木斯 154000
  • 陈俣秀(1980—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:绿色民航可持续发展,航空运输规划与管理。E-mail:

Green and Low Carbon Gate Assignment Based on Genetic-Tabu Search Algorithm
Yu-xiu CHEN1, 2 , Li-yan QUAN1, 2, Jian YU3, Li-chao ZHANG4
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
  • 2. Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development of the China Civil Aviation, Tianjin 300300, China
  • 3. Civil Aviation Management Institute of China, Beijing 100102, China
  • 4. Jiamusi Dongjiao Airport, Jiamusi 154000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308081
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随着环境气候问题日益严峻,绿色低碳已成为航空运输业可持续发展的重要原则。以单跑道运输机场为研究对象,以绿色低碳、旅客步行距离为优化目标,构建多情景下绿色低碳停机位分配模型,并设计遗传-禁忌搜索组合优化算法求解,最后以中国东北部的运输机场为实例进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,与实际运行分配方案相比,若仅考虑绿色低碳,最优分配方案可减少3.1%的燃油消耗,减少3.1%的航空器滑行距离,减少4.2%HC、3.6%CO、3.1%NOX、3.1%CO2排放,但会提高5.3%的旅客步行距离;若同时兼顾绿色低碳和旅客利益,最优分配方案可减少2.1%的燃油消耗,减少2.2%的航空器滑行距离,减少3.8%HC、2.7%CO、2.0%NOX、2.1%的CO2排放,减少2.1%的旅客步行距离。可见绿色低碳发展的同时,仍可兼顾旅客利益。

停机位分配  /  绿色低碳  /  旅客步行距离  /  遗传算法  /  禁忌搜索算法

With the increasingly serious problem of climate change, green and low-carbon operations have become an important principle for the sustainable development of the air transportation industry. Taking a single runway transport airport as the research object and green and low-carbon and passenger walking distance as the optimization objective, a green and low-carbon gate assignment model under multiple scenarios was constructed, and a genetic-tabu search combined optimization algorithm was designed to solve it. Finally, a transport airport in northeast China was taken as an example for simulation experiment. The experimental results are shown as follows. In the optimal assignment scheme, if considering green and low-carbon, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 3.1%, the taxiing distance of the aircraft by 3.1%, HC emission by 4.2%, CO emission by 3.6%, NOX emission by 3.1%, and CO2 emission by 3.1% comparatively. But passenger walking distance can be increased by 5.3% at the same time. If considering green and low-carbon as well as the interests of the passengers, the fuel consumption can be decreased by 2.1%, the taxiing distance of the aircraft by 2.2%, HC emission by 3.8%, CO emission by 2.7%, NOX emission by 2.0%, CO2 emission by 2.1%, and passenger walking distance by 2.1% comparatively. Thus, it is possible to strike a balance between green and low-carbon development and the interests of travelers.

gate assignment  /  green and low-carbon  /  passenger walking distance  /  genetic algorithm  /  tabu search algorithm
陈俣秀, 全力炎, 于剑, 张立超. 基于遗传-禁忌搜索算法绿色低碳停机位分配. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 410 -415 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308081
Yu-xiu CHEN, Li-yan QUAN, Jian YU, Li-chao ZHANG. Green and Low Carbon Gate Assignment Based on Genetic-Tabu Search Algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 410 -415 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308081
随着气候变化问题日益严峻,航空运输业开始实施一系列减排措施以实现碳中和目标。其中,运行优化是航空运输业在短时间内实现节能减排的重要途径[1-2]。机场作为航空运输的起讫点,其场面运行效率与温室气体排放紧密相关[3-4]。停机位作为重要的场面资源组成部分,是航空器在机场场面滑行过程中的起讫点。不合理的停机位分配方案会增加航空器滑行距离及燃油消耗,进而产生额外的航空排放。因此,合理优化停机位分配方案对提高机场运行效率[5]、促进航空运输业可持续发展[6]具有重要意义。
国内外已从提高机场资源利用率、航空公司收益和旅客满意度等多个角度对停机位优化分配开展了相关研究。袁媛等[7]为减少旅客步行距离与停机位浪费率,基于网络流理论建立优化模型;Silva等[8]为提高航站楼的非航空收入,构建综合考虑旅客行为和停机位分配的混合整数规划模型;Nikolió等[9]构建以航空器停机位等待时间最小和近机位利用率最大为目标的优化模型。近年来,国内外学者也逐渐关注通过停机位优化降低航空燃油消耗量。王超等[10]以平行多跑道混合运行机场为研究对象,构建以航空燃油消耗最少为优化目标的整数规划模型;Shan等[11]构建以航空燃油消耗最少和近机位利用率及分配方案鲁棒性最大为目标的优化模型;Sun等[12]以航空燃油消耗最少和机位匹配度最大为优化目标,构建停机位和滑行道联合规划模型。从上述研究总结可以看出,目前学者开展的停机位优化分配对航空燃油消耗的影响研究,多以航空公司和机场的角度进行优化调度,少有考虑旅客满意度。然而,旅客和航空公司是机场的两大客户,旅客满意度也应是机场运行优化重要的考虑因素[13-14]
在停机位优化分配模型求解方面,已有研究多以智能优化算法为主[15-17]。曾琛等[18]设计遗传算法,求解以停机位空闲时间均匀为目标的优化模型;刘禹汐等[19]设计NSGA-Ⅱ算法,求解以近机位使用数最多和停机位使用数及旅客步行距离最少为目标的优化模型;Behrends等[20]为减少航空器从停机位滑行至跑道的延误,构建停机位和滑行道联合规划模型,并设计遗传算法求解。然而遗传算法的局部搜索能力较弱[21],往往容易陷入早熟收敛[22]。因此,部分学者又选择了局部搜索能力较强的算法进行求解。王在俊等[23]设计基于Pareto的禁忌搜索算法,对以旅客步行距离、航空器滑行距离及远机位使用数最少为目标的模型进行求解;Li等[24]设计基于概率学习的禁忌搜索算法,求解以旅客步行距离最少为目标的优化模型。然而,禁忌搜索算法对初始解的依赖性较强,全局最优解的生成高度依赖初始解的选取,较差的初始解将降低收敛速度且容易产生局部最优解[25]
基于此,现以绿色低碳为出发点,构建停机位分配优化模型,综合考虑航空燃油消耗与旅客步行距离进行协同决策,以期减少航空燃油消耗量并提升旅客满意度。在模型求解方面,结合遗传算法和禁忌搜索算法局部搜索能力强的特点,设计基于遗传—禁忌搜索组合优化算法的模型求解方法,并以中国东北地区民用运输机场为研究对象,进行仿真实验。此外,进一步分析停机位优化分配方案对二氧化碳等气体排放的影响,以期减少航空排放对环境的负面影响并为机场管理者开展运行优化提供决策参考。
截至2022年底,中国颁证运输机场共254个,全行业运输机场跑道共283条,单跑道运输机场占比90%以上。因此以单跑道运输机场为研究对象,建立停机位分配数学模型,在此之前,引入下列假设。
(1)停机位容量充足,满足航班需求。
(2)航班飞行计划及停机位等相关信息已知。
(3)假定滑行速度恒定,即 v -=15 km/h。
(4)不考虑航班拖曳情况,同一航班对停靠在同一个停机位。
航空器的滑行距离与燃油消耗密不可分,为客观反映航空器的滑行油耗,考虑不同机型燃油流率对航空器滑行油耗影响,航空器滑行总燃油消耗如式(1)所示。
f1= j n i m L i , j a r r X i , j + L i , j d e p X i , j v - n i r a t e i
式(1)中:f1为航空燃油消耗量; L i , j为航空器i分配至停机位j的滑行距离,上角标arr、dep分别为进港和离港;Xi,j为布尔变量; v -为滑行速度;ni、ratei为航班器i的发动机个数及慢车状态下的燃油流率;m为航班对总数;n为停机位个数。
推进航空运输业绿色低碳发展的同时,仍需兼顾旅客满意度,以旅客步行距离代表旅客满意度,如式(2)所示。
f2= j n i m Xi,j(Ni,arrDj,arr+Ni,depDj,dep)
式(2)中:f2为旅客步行距离;Ni为航班对i的旅客人数;Dj为航空器i停靠停机位j旅客步行距离。
由于燃油消耗量与旅客步行距离量纲不同,因此需归一化处理,最终优化目标函数如式(3)所示。
minf=w1 f 1 f 1 *+w2 f 2 f 2 *
式(3)中:wi为各目标的权重; f i *为各目标的最优值。
航空器滑行过程中因燃油消耗所产生二氧化碳等气体排放,如式(4)所示。
fgas= k = 1 4 i = 1 m (tinirateiEi,k)
式(4)中:fgas为气体排放量;ti为航空器i的总滑行时间; E i , k为航空器i慢车状态下气体k排放指数,取自国际民航组织发动机排放数据库[26],碳排放指数为3.15 kg/kg,k为气体类型:CO2、CO、NOX、HC。
j = 1 n Xi,j=1
X i 1 , j X i 2 , j( t i 1 d e p- t i 2 a r r)( t i 2 d e p- t i 1 a r r)≤0
t i 2 a r r- t i 1 d e p+(1- Y i 1 , i 2)MTmin
rirj+(1-Xi,j)M
Xi,j, Y i 1 , i 2∈{0,1},∀iF,∀jG
式中:Xi,j Y i 1 , i 2为布尔变量,当前仅当航班i被分配至机位j时,Xi,j为1,否则为0;航班i1,i2占用的停机位相同时, Y i 1 , i 2为1,否则为0;F为航班对集合;G为停机位集合。
式(5)为唯一性约束,即每个航班必须且仅能被分配至一个停机位;式(6)为独占性约束,即每个停机位至多被一个航班器占用;式(7)为安全时间间隔约束,即占用同一机位的航班之间有最小安全时间间隔Tmin,以增加停机位分配的鲁棒性;式(8)为机型匹配约束,即航空器大小等级小于等于停机位等级;式(9)为决策变量约束。
停机位分配属于NP-hard问题,传统方法很难在较短时间内找到最优解,而智能算法近年来常用于求解该类问题。
遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)是一种随机全局搜索优化算法,但局部搜索能力较弱,往往得到的解是全局近似最优解,而禁忌搜索算法(tabu search, TS)有较强的局部搜索能力,但通常得到的解是局部最优解,能否得到最优解取决于初始解的选取。
因此,针对上述构建的数学模型,以遗传算法的最终解作为禁忌搜索算法的初始解,设计遗传-禁忌搜索组合优化算法求解。
采用整数编码方式,染色体的基因代表所有待分配机位的航班,每个基因值为一个停机位,表示将该停机位分配给对应的航班。染色体长度为所有待分配机位航班的数量。
(1)种群初始化:按照先到先服务原则,依次对各航班随机生成满足约束条件的机位。
(2)适应度函数:将模型的目标函数作为评价个体优劣的适应度函数。
(3)选择算子:使用轮盘赌选择法,适应度值越优,被选择的概率越大。
(4)交叉算子:采用片段交叉,即以交叉概率Pc交换任意两个染色体在相同位置的基因段。
(5)变异算子:单点变异,即对于每条染色体有Pm的概率发生变异,随机改变染色体上某一基因值。
(6)终止准则:当达到最大迭代次数时,完成迭代。
在迭代过程中,每次迭代完成上述操作后,可能会产生非可行解。对于非可行解,按先到先服务原则分配机位,对后来产生机位冲突的航班重新分配当前时段可用停机位,若已没有可用停机位,则该个体重新初始化。
编码方式:每个停机位为一元胞,其值为分配至该机位的所有航班,因此分配方案可用1个1×n的元胞数组表示。
(1)初始解生成:由遗传算法最终解作为初始解。
(2)适配值函数:将目标函数作为适配值函数。
(3)邻域结构:通过插入和交换产生若干邻域解,候选解为整个邻域。
(4)禁忌表:禁忌表的长度=sqrt(航班数)[27],禁忌对象为交换的解,按照先进先出的原则,释放禁忌对象。
(5)藐视准则:候选解的适配值优于当前最优解。
(6)终止准则:连续未进化次数≥最大连续未进化次数。
以中国东北地区机场为例,该机场共6个停机位、1条跑道。选取该机场某正常工作日一天的真实运行数据,该机场的部分航班运行数据以及停机位信息如表1表2所示。根据国际民航组织航空器发动机排放数据库,筛选各机型慢车状态下对应的发动机燃油流率和气体排放指数,如表3所示。
针对上述构建的数学模型以及设计的组合优化算法,借助MATLAB R2021b编程,进行实例验证。其中遗传算法种群数目N=30,交叉概率Pc=0.9,变异概率Pm=0.05,遗传算法迭代次数为100,禁忌搜索算法最大连续未进化迭代次数为100。
建立低碳节油S1、旅客步行距离最少S2、低碳节油与旅客利益同等重要S3、低碳节油重要程度高于旅客利益S4共4种情景,不同情景下的最终优化目标值如表4所示。
实际运行的停机位分配方案S0下,燃油消耗为2 781.13 kg,二氧化碳排放量为8 760.56 kg,旅客步行距离为424 255 m。实际运行方案在4种情景下的最终目标值分别为1.03、1.05、1.04、1.04。4种情景下最优解的目标函数值迭代曲线如图1所示。
图1可发现,目标函数值在遗传算法的求解基础上进一步优化,验证了遗传-禁忌搜索组合优化算法的可行性。实验结果表明,若仅考虑低碳节油,最优方案的燃油消耗 f 1 *为2 694.86 kg,此时二氧化碳排放量为8 488.81 kg,与实际运行分配方案相比,虽然会减少3.1%的油耗和二氧化碳排放量,但旅客步行距离将会提高5.3%,从424 255 m上升到446 684 m。若仅考虑旅客步行距离,最优方案的旅客步行距离 f 2 *将减少4.9%,减少至403 574 m。此时燃油消耗为2 759.29 kg,二氧化碳排放量为8 691.76 kg,相对于实际分配方案减少0.79%。由此可见,低碳节油的效果并不理想,因此需要综合考虑两者的利益,后续不再讨论S2情景。
通过设置多组权重组合发现,当低碳节油与旅客利益同等重要时,即w1=0.5,w2=0.5,最优方案的油耗为2 746.66 kg,二氧化碳排放量为8 651.95 kg,相比实际运行分配方案减少1.2%,旅客步行距离减少至404 864 m,相对减少4.6%。当低碳节油的重要程度高于旅客利益时,即w1=0.8,w2=0.2,最优方案油耗为2 723.46 kg,二氧化碳排放量为8 578.90 kg,相比实际运行分配方案减少2.1%,旅客步行距离减少至415 270 m,相对减少2.1%。
综上所述,S4情景下最优分配方案能够较好兼顾航空燃油消耗与旅客满意度,减少航空公司燃油消耗进而减少场面二氧化碳排放量,同时提升旅客满意度。此时的最优停机位分配方案与实际运行停机位分配方案甘特图如图2所示。
对比可发现,实际运行S0和S4情景下的分配方案,1号停机位均未被占用,这是由1号停机位的大小无法满足执行所有航班的航空器大小所导致。S4情景下,将大多数航班分配在4、5号停机位。这是由航空器总滑行距离相较于2、3号停机位短,旅客步行距离相较于6号机位短,这两者共同导致的。
航空器在场面滑行过程中,因燃油消耗会产生二氧化碳等气体。相比实际运行分配方案S0,S1情景下的最优分配方案相对减少4.2%HC排放,3.6%CO排放,3.1%NOX排放;S4情景下的最优分配方案相对减少3.8%HC排放,2.7%CO排放,2.0%NOX排放,各情景下的气体排放量如图3所示。
机场场面运行过程中,燃油消耗的主要途径是航空器滑行。实际运行分配方案S0总滑行距离为52 032 m,S1、S4情景下最优分配方案的总滑行距离为50 434 m和50 904 m,相对减少3.1%和2.2%,各航班航空器滑行距离,如图4所示。
以单跑道运输机场为研究对象,以绿色低碳为出发点,构建多情景下绿色低碳且兼顾旅客满意度的停机位分配优化模型,并设计遗传-禁忌搜索组合优化算法求解,最终以中国东北地区运输机场进行实例验证。
实验结果表明,若仅考虑低碳节油,会以减少旅客利益为代价,加剧旅客步行距离。若同时兼顾二者的利益,燃油消耗量、二氧化碳等气体排放量以及旅客步行距离均会减少。在实际运行中,机场运行决策者可根据实际需求设置不同权重组合,研究为机场管理决策者提供科学参考依据。
由于仅考虑单跑道运输机场,航班、停机位数量较少,场面结构复杂程度较低,且采用固定的航空器滑行路径,未考虑航班在实际滑行过程中是否会出现滑行冲突等现象,未来可考虑绿色低碳停机位和滑行道的联合优化,推进航空运输业碳减排进程。
  • 中国民航局安全能力基金(14002500000020J074)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308081
  • 接收时间:2023-10-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-17
  • 修回日期:2024-07-19
基金
中国民航局安全能力基金(14002500000020J074)
作者信息
    1.中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院, 天津 300300
    2.中国民航环境与可持续发展研究中心, 天津 300300
    3.中国民航管理干部学院, 北京 100102
    4.佳木斯东郊机场, 佳木斯 154000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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