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Article(id=1156908297275138921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400864, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1706544000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-30, revisedDate=1728403200000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758032387, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758032387, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758032387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758032387, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=76, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908297749095278, articleId=1156908297275138921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Application of Seismic Resilience Evaluation Method for Building Groups Based on Grid and Radar Maps, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The current seismic toughness assessment is mainly aimed at the impact of a single earthquake on a single building, it is difficult to consider the seismic toughness assessment of different buildings in the same area. The research area was divided into grids according to 500 m×500 m, and seismic risk analysis was carried out. Six indexes, including the cost of building defense, damaged area of different degrees, direct economic loss of buildings, repair time, repair cost and casualties, were taken as the evaluation indexes of earthquake resilience. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weights of each index, and an earthquake resilience evaluation model based on grid and radar map was established and applied to Chengdu City. The results show that the earthquake toughness of Chengdu City is normal when the fortification is not upgraded. After upgrading the fortification, the cost of fortification increases by 45.95%, and the damaged area, the direct economic loss of the house, the repair time, the repair cost and the number of casualties decreases by 26.25%, 37.75%, 45.1%, 44.24% and 48.18%, respectively. Through comparative analysis of the model data, it is found that after upgrading the fortification, the comprehensive benefit of earthquake resilience of Chengdu City buildings is increased by 40.8%, the disaster loss is greatly reduced, and the improvement effect is obvious.

, correspAuthors=Yi CHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi CHANG, Kai WAN, Xin-quan LIU, Jia-hao GAN, Yuan-qi JIANG, Ren-qiang YANG, Zi-jian YANG, Wen-jun HU, Xing-yu DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908441135571608, articleId=1156908297275138921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法及应用, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目前的抗震韧性评估主要是针对单一地震对单体建筑的影响,难以考虑对同一地区不同建筑群的抗震韧性评估。将研究区域按500 m×500 m进行网格划分,分析地震危险性。以建筑群设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数6个指标作为抗震韧性评价指标,运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,建立基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型,并将该模型运用到成都市。研究结果表明:未提升设防时,成都市抗震韧性一般;在提升1度设防后,设防所需费用增加45.95%,不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用、伤亡人数分别减少26.25%、37.75%、45.1%、44.24%、48.18%。通过对比分析该模型数据发现,提升1度设防后,成都市建筑群抗震韧性综合效益提升40.8%,灾害损失大量减少,提升效果明显。

, correspAuthors=昌毅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=27zqyf899rv20yiHoxBB+g==, magXml=x4SCKuoicz7p1CITqOel2Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8WpXr8qgniAOh36hnPPSlQ==, pdfFileSize=8892714, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hNoH4GLFEnUngIlP0UGdnQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RBIqD6X8aRp00gATWcxMlQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析工程结构抗震、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等技术攻关。E-mail:。

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昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析工程结构抗震、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等技术攻关。E-mail:。

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昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析工程结构抗震、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等技术攻关。E-mail:。

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The defense cost table when the fortification is not upgraded

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结构类型 结构占比/% 设防所需费用/亿元
钢混 49.56 110.23
砖混 31.48 66.94
砖木 14.78 21.08
土坯 2.55 3.16
其他 1.64 2.64
), ArticleFig(id=1205909480471064872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908297275138921, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

未提升设防时设防所需费用表

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结构类型 结构占比/% 设防所需费用/亿元
钢混 49.56 110.23
砖混 31.48 66.94
砖木 14.78 21.08
土坯 2.55 3.16
其他 1.64 2.64
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Cost table for raising fortification by 1 degree

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结构类型 提升费用/亿元 变化比例/%
钢混 144.75 31.3
砖混 105.19 57.1
砖木 36.9 75
土坯 5.98 89.2
其他 5 89.4
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提升1度设防所需费用表

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结构类型 提升费用/亿元 变化比例/%
钢混 144.75 31.3
砖混 105.19 57.1
砖木 36.9 75
土坯 5.98 89.2
其他 5 89.4
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Judgment matrix and index weight

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指标 设防所需
费用		 不同程度
受损面积		 房屋直接
经济损失		 修复
费用		 修复
时间		 伤亡
人数		 权重/%
设防所需费用 1 5 5 4 3 1 33.01
不同程度受损面积 1/5 1 1 2 4 5 5.47
房屋直接经济损失 1/5 1 1 2 3 4 5.88
修复费用 1/4 1/2 1/2 1 2 3 12.35
修复时间 1/3 1/4 1/3 1/2 1 3 13.09
伤亡人数 1 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/3 1 30.20
), ArticleFig(id=1205909480747888940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908297275138921, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

判断矩阵及指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 设防所需
费用		 不同程度
受损面积		 房屋直接
经济损失		 修复
费用		 修复
时间		 伤亡
人数		 权重/%
设防所需费用 1 5 5 4 3 1 33.01
不同程度受损面积 1/5 1 1 2 4 5 5.47
房屋直接经济损失 1/5 1 1 2 3 4 5.88
修复费用 1/4 1/2 1/2 1 2 3 12.35
修复时间 1/3 1/4 1/3 1/2 1 3 13.09
伤亡人数 1 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/3 1 30.20
), ArticleFig(id=1205909480840163629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908297275138921, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Evaluation index table

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指标 未提升设防 提升1度设防
设防所需费用 0.330 1 0.481 8
不同程度受损面积 0.054 7 0.040 3
房屋直接经济损失 0.058 8 0.036 6
修复费用 0.123 5 0.067 8
修复时间 0.130 9 0.073 0
伤亡人数 0.302 0 0.145 0
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评价指标表

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指标 未提升设防 提升1度设防
设防所需费用 0.330 1 0.481 8
不同程度受损面积 0.054 7 0.040 3
房屋直接经济损失 0.058 8 0.036 6
修复费用 0.123 5 0.067 8
修复时间 0.130 9 0.073 0
伤亡人数 0.302 0 0.145 0
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基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法及应用
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昌毅 1 , 万凯 2 , 刘新权 1 , 甘嘉豪 1 , 江元琪 1 , 杨仁镪 1 , 杨子健 1 , 胡文君 3 , 丁星妤 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(1): 76-83
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(1): 76-83
基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法及应用
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昌毅1 , 万凯2, 刘新权1, 甘嘉豪1, 江元琪1, 杨仁镪1, 杨子健1, 胡文君3, 丁星妤4
作者信息
  • 1.东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
  • 2.南昌市政公用工程项目管理有限公司, 南昌 330009
  • 3.云南省地质环境监测院, 昆明 650216
  • 4.湖南城市学院土木工程学院, 益阳 413000

    • 昌毅(1979—),男,汉族,湖南益阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:工程结构可靠性分析工程结构抗震、结构全寿命设计与维护、工程防灾及结构安全等技术攻关。E-mail:。

Application of Seismic Resilience Evaluation Method for Building Groups Based on Grid and Radar Maps
Yi CHANG1 , Kai WAN2, Xin-quan LIU1, Jia-hao GAN1, Yuan-qi JIANG1, Ren-qiang YANG1, Zi-jian YANG1, Wen-jun HU3, Xing-yu DING4
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 2. Nanchang Municipal Public Works Project Management Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330009, China
  • 3. Yunnan Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, Kunming 650216, China
  • 4. School of Civil Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400864
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摘要
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目前的抗震韧性评估主要是针对单一地震对单体建筑的影响,难以考虑对同一地区不同建筑群的抗震韧性评估。将研究区域按500 m×500 m进行网格划分,分析地震危险性。以建筑群设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数6个指标作为抗震韧性评价指标,运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,建立基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型,并将该模型运用到成都市。研究结果表明:未提升设防时,成都市抗震韧性一般;在提升1度设防后,设防所需费用增加45.95%,不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用、伤亡人数分别减少26.25%、37.75%、45.1%、44.24%、48.18%。通过对比分析该模型数据发现,提升1度设防后,成都市建筑群抗震韧性综合效益提升40.8%,灾害损失大量减少,提升效果明显。

抗震韧性  /  网格划分  /  雷达图  /  建筑群  /  综合效益

The current seismic toughness assessment is mainly aimed at the impact of a single earthquake on a single building, it is difficult to consider the seismic toughness assessment of different buildings in the same area. The research area was divided into grids according to 500 m×500 m, and seismic risk analysis was carried out. Six indexes, including the cost of building defense, damaged area of different degrees, direct economic loss of buildings, repair time, repair cost and casualties, were taken as the evaluation indexes of earthquake resilience. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weights of each index, and an earthquake resilience evaluation model based on grid and radar map was established and applied to Chengdu City. The results show that the earthquake toughness of Chengdu City is normal when the fortification is not upgraded. After upgrading the fortification, the cost of fortification increases by 45.95%, and the damaged area, the direct economic loss of the house, the repair time, the repair cost and the number of casualties decreases by 26.25%, 37.75%, 45.1%, 44.24% and 48.18%, respectively. Through comparative analysis of the model data, it is found that after upgrading the fortification, the comprehensive benefit of earthquake resilience of Chengdu City buildings is increased by 40.8%, the disaster loss is greatly reduced, and the improvement effect is obvious.

seismic resilience  /  grid division  /  radar map  /  building groups  /  overall benefits
昌毅, 万凯, 刘新权, 甘嘉豪, 江元琪, 杨仁镪, 杨子健, 胡文君, 丁星妤. 基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法及应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 76 -83 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400864
Yi CHANG, Kai WAN, Xin-quan LIU, Jia-hao GAN, Yuan-qi JIANG, Ren-qiang YANG, Zi-jian YANG, Wen-jun HU, Xing-yu DING. Application of Seismic Resilience Evaluation Method for Building Groups Based on Grid and Radar Maps[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 76 -83 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400864
正文
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在城市抗震韧性提升中,如何评估既有建筑物抗震韧性并采取有效措施是迫在眉睫的问题。2012年美国联邦紧急措施署(Federal Emergency Management Agency,FEMA)[1]提出了新一代建筑抗震性态评价方法FEMAP-8,提出了韧性抗震的思想,奠定了城市建筑抗震韧性评定的理论基础。2013年Arup公司提出了REDi体系[2],建立了建筑韧性评级系统。相较于国外,国内对城市安全韧性的研究起步较晚,王龙等[3]将韧性的概念引入结构领域,通过疲劳试验分析了地震作用对支座结构的抗震韧性的影响。张涵[4]对建筑群进行抗震韧性评估。2020年《建筑抗震韧性评价标准》(GB/T 38591—2020)[5]开始实施。基于此标准,程桢钰[6]对呼和浩特市既有建筑群进行抗震韧性评估,并分析其提升效益。然而,以往的建筑群抗震韧性评估中,都是选取整个城市经受单一地震烈度进行抗震韧性分析。在评估抗震韧性提升效益时,难以考虑到同一地区的地震危险性存在差异的情况,也难以综合考虑当地的经济发展水平和人口密集程度,难以综合考虑各个抗震韧性指标对综合抗震韧性效益的影响。
针对以上问题,现提出基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法。其中,网格化可以细化研究目标,雷达图法可以综合评价各个指标对抗震韧性的影响,从而考虑同一地区经济发展、人口密度和地震危险性存在差异性的情况。进而,运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,建立基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型。将该模型运用到成都市建筑群抗震韧性评估研究中,将研究区域按500 m×500 m进行网格划分,再进行地震危险性分析和抗震韧性计算,以验证模型的有效性。
1 基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法
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1.1 建筑群抗震韧性评估指标
根据《建筑抗震韧性评价标准》(GB/T 38591—2020)规定的指标体系,从建筑群设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数6个方面评估研究区域建筑群现有的抗震韧性水平。通过将每个区县所属网格的计算结果相加,得到研究区域各区县的影响结果。
1.1.1 设防所需费用
考虑研究区域不同网格内,人均住房面积、人口密度和结构重置单价存在差异的情况,结合建筑成本提升系数[7],计算研究区域不同设防烈度下某类结构建筑设防所需费用,表达式为
C=nη[m1rP1Q1+m2(1-r)P2Q2]α
式(1)中:C为不同设防烈度成本增加;n为网格个数;η为单位网格人口密度,人/km2;m1为城市人均住房面积,人/m2;m2为农村人均住房面积,人/m2;r为研究区域城镇化率;P1为某类结构的城市重置价;P2为某类结构的农村重置价;α为不同烈度下建筑成本提升系数。
1.1.2 不同程度受损面积
根据《地震现场工作-第四部分:灾害直接损失评估》(GB/T 18208.4—2011)[8]的规定,将研究区域钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构建筑群的受损等级分为轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏和毁坏,并估算不同建筑群的不同程度受损面积,计算公式如下。
Ai,s= ∑ 1 n RhSh
Sh=η[m1rQ1+m2(1-r)Q2]
式中:Ai,s为破坏等级为i时s类建筑物受损总面积;Rh为某类建筑某种破坏等级的破坏比,其中h表示建筑类型,即钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构;Sh为单位网格某类结构建筑面积;Q1为某类结构城市占比;Q2为某类结构农村占比。
1.1.3 房屋直接经济损失
根据地震现场工作灾害直接损失评估给出的公式,研究区域某类房屋在某种破坏等级下的损失值Lh,表达式为
Lh=AhDhPh
式(4)中:Dh为某类房屋某种破坏等级下的损失比; Ph为某类房屋的重置单价。
1.1.4 修复时间
建筑修复时间是建筑功能性修复所需时间。采用研究区域年建筑竣工面积来估算建筑受损修复时间[9],表达式为
Qi,s=Ki,s T i , s T
式(5)中:Ki,s为破坏等级为i时,s类建筑修复时间与s类建筑新建时间的比值;T为研究区域建筑年施工面积。
1.1.5 修复费用
建筑群修复费用一般指建筑群功能性修复所需费用。修复费用计算公式为
Ri,s=Ai,sKi,sBs
式(6)中:Bs为s类建筑物单位面积价格。
1.1.6 伤亡人数
根据中国地震的灾区伤亡统计情况,综合考虑建筑物的易损性、室内人口密度和地震发生时间3个因素[10],研究区域死亡人数计算如式(7)所示,受伤人数计算如式(8)所示。
Md1= ∑ 1 n βiηSh(0.037 2Rh1+0.014 9Rh2+0.002 34Rh3)
Mh1= ∑ 1 n βiηSh(0.121Rh1+0.034 4Rh2+0.013 4Rh3)
式中: Rh1、Rh2、Rh3分别为某单位网格内某类结构在不同设防烈度下的毁坏、严重破坏、中等破坏的破坏比;βi为时间调整系数;地震发生在白天 β i  = 1,地震发生在晚上 β i  = 1.4。
1.2 基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型的提出
设指标矩阵Z是由n个评价对象构成的集合{Z1,Z2,…,Zn}。其中,每个评价对象均包含k个评价指标,则所有评价对象的指标组成的矩阵如式(9)所示。如zi,j表示指标矩阵Z中第i个评价对象的j个评价指标,其计算公式如式(10)所示。然后,根据指标矩阵Z的数据,绘制雷达图,可建立基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型。
Z= z 1,1 z 2,1 … z i , 1 z 1,2 z 2,2 … z i , 2 ︙ ︙   ︙ z 1 , j z 2 , j … z i , j
zi,j=Vi,jWi,j
式(10)中:Vi,j为评价指标zi,j的变化比例;Wi,j为评价指标zi,j的权重。采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,根据对所有评价指标进行相互重要性对比得出的数据[11],构造出判断矩阵A = [aij ] n × n。采用方根法计算判断矩阵的最大特征根λ,通过特征根法AM=λM,计算特征向量M,特征向量归一化处理即为该评价指标的权重W。
指标矩阵Z包括2个评价对象:未提升设防和提升1度设防。其中,每个评价对象均包括6个评价指标:设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数。由于未提升设防时,评价指标相对没有变化,因此,未提升设防时,各个评价指标的变化比例均为1。
在提出的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型中,通过引入抗震韧性综合效益系数H的概念[式(11)]来衡量未提升设防和提升1度设防的抗震韧性综合效。
Hi= ∑ j = 1 6 Sj
式(11)中:Hi为第i个评价对象的抗震韧性综合效益系数,在雷达图中为第i个多边形的面积; Sj为第i个多边形里的j个三角形面积。H越小,表示抗震韧性综合效益损失越小,抗震韧性效益越好。通过对比本模型中的抗震韧性综合效益系数,分析提升1度设防的综合效益。
1.3 基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法步骤
基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法实施步骤如下,流程图如图1所示。
步骤1 确定研究区域的目标和范围。评估前需要明确评估的目标和范围,包括评估区域的地理位置、建筑群类型和规范规定的抗震设防等级。
步骤2 研究区域的网格划分和数据分析。以往抗震研究的网格划分都是5 km×5 km[12]或 2 km×2 km[13],为了更精细化对研究区域进行研究,将其按照500 m×500 m等距离进行网格划分。并收集分析研究区域内人口密度、城镇化率、人均住房面积、建筑破坏比、重置单价、年竣工面积以及研究区域周边历史地震数据等数据。
步骤3 研究区域的地震危险性分析。根据研究区域的地理位置,选取地震动衰减关系式,结合其周围历史地震数据,计算所有网格的峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)。并根据中国地震烈度表[14]中的烈度转换公式Imax=3.17lgPGA+6.59,计算研究区域所有网格的最大地震烈度Imax。
步骤4 评估建筑群的抗震韧性指标综合效益。根据单位网格的地震危险性分析结果,计算提升设防前后,各个建筑群抗震韧性评价指标(设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数)。运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,并计算各评价指标提升1度设防的变化比例,根据评价指标变化比例及其权重,确定评价指标矩阵。建立结合网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型,通过计算抗震韧性综合效益系数,对比分析提升设防前后的抗震韧性综合效益。
2 基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法的应用
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2.1 研究区域概况及地震危险性分析
成都市位于四川盆地,全市下辖12个市辖区、3个县、代管5个县级市,总面积14 335 km2,常住人口2 093.78万人[15]。根据历史资料和中国地震台网数据显示,自公元前180—2020年以来,成都市及其周围发生4.0级以上地震700多起(如图2所示)。将成都市按照500 m×500 m等距离进行网格化,共得到56 662个网格。计算所有网格的最大地震烈度Imax为5.9~9.4度,如图3所示。
通过图3可以看出,地震的影响明显从西南部向东北部减弱,其原因是根据历史地震数据进行的地震危险性分析受历史大地震影响较严重。考虑网格受地震影响最危险的情况,所以大地震所造成的影响会覆盖周围小地震的影响。
2.2 未提升设防时建筑群抗震韧性指标
2.2.1 设防所需费用
未提升设防时,成都市按第5代地震动区划图规定进行设防,根据式(1)计算得到成都市设防所需费用204.05亿元。其中,钢混结构110.23亿元、砖混结构66.94亿元、砖木结构21.08亿元、土坯结构3.16亿元、其他结构2.64亿元,各类结构占比和未提升设防所需费用,如表1所示。
2.2.2 不同程度受损面积
根据式(2)和式(3)计算所有网格的受损面积,将每个区县所属网格的破坏面积相加,得到成都市各区县总破坏面积,并绘制成都市各区县总破坏面积分布图,如图4所示。
结果显示,成都市不同程度受损面积2.99亿m2,各区县破坏面积范围为185.28万 ~3 117.67万m2,成都市西北部和东南部区县总破坏面积较大。其中,由于简阳市设防烈度较低,破坏面积最大, 约3 117.7万m2,双流区总破坏面积其次,约3 070万m2,青白江区总破坏面积最小,约185.3万m2。
2.2.3 房屋直接经济损失
损失比根据《中国大陆地震灾害损失汇编》[16]确定。通过式(4)计算成都市各区县房屋经济损失,绘制成都市各区县房屋直接经济损失分布图,如图5所示。
结果显示,成都市房屋直接经济损失1 198.76亿,各区县房屋直接经济损失房屋为6.2亿~117.1亿元,房屋直接经济损失由西北部地区向东南部地区逐渐减小,其中崇州市和都江堰市房屋直接经济损失最大,分别为117.1亿元和116.4亿元,青白江区房屋直接经济损失最小,为6.2亿元。
2.2.4 修复时间
根据式(5),计算成都市各区县总破坏修复时间,绘制成都市各区县总破坏修复时间图,如图6所示。
结果显示,仅考虑成都市现有的施工能力,总破坏修复时间为11.84 a。其中,崇州市和彭州市总破坏修复时间最长,分别约为1.62 a和1.24 a。青白江区和锦江区总破坏修复时间最短,分别约为0.05 a和0.2 a。
2.2.5 修复费用
根据式(6),计算成都市各区县总破坏修复费用,并绘制成都市各区县修复费用图,如图7所示。
结果显示,成都市总修复费用1 575.56亿元,各区县修复费用为5.73亿~443.07亿元,修复费用由西北部地区向东部、南部地区逐渐减少。其中,都江堰市修复费用最多,为443.07亿元。青白江区修复费用最少,为5.73亿元。
2.2.6 伤亡人数
根据式(7)和式(8),计算地震造成的成都市人员伤亡数,绘制成都市各区县伤亡人数分布图,如图8所示。
结果显示,成都市伤亡人数251 305人。其中,死亡人数60 244人,受伤人数为191 061人,各区县伤亡亡人数范围为986~42 364人。其中,崇州市伤亡人数最多,死亡10 229人,受伤32 136人;青白江区伤亡人数最少,死亡231人,受伤754人。
2.3 提升一度设防后建筑群抗震韧性指标
通过工程手段对成都市建筑群进行抗震韧性提升,在获取成都市现有韧性评估的基础上,分析提升1度设防所需费用。并对比分析提升前后,设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数的变化比例,以研究抗震韧性的综合效益。
2.3.1 设防所需费用及变化比例
根据式(1)计算成都市建筑群提升1度设防所需费用,并计算各类结构相比未提升时,设防所需费用的变化比例,如表2所示。
结合表1中结构占比数据,对比未提升设防和提升1度设防的设防所需费用的变化比例,得到成都市提升1度设防所需费用增加45.95%。
2.3.2 不同程度受损面积及变化比例
提升1度设防后,成都市建筑群破坏程度减轻,如图9所示,不同程度受损面积总体减少7 856.3万m2,减少比例26.25%。其中,钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构受损面积相比于设防烈度提升前,破坏面积减少比例分别为28.03%、27.9%、22.67%、9.56%和16.51%。
2.3.3 房屋直接经济损失及变化比例
提升1度设防后,成都市房屋直接经济损失减少442.78亿元,减少比例为37.75%,如图10所示。其中,钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构的房屋直接经济损失相比于设防烈度提升前,减少比例分别为37.08%、35.43%、42.35%、22.27%和37.47%。
2.3.4 修复时间及变化比例
提升1度设防后,成都市总修复时间减少5.34年,减少比例为45.08%,如图11所示。其中,钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构修复费用相比于设防烈度提升前,减少比例分别为53.23%、37.28%、52.55%、24.16%和38.52%。
2.3.5 修复费用及变化比例
提升1度设防后,成都市总建筑修复费用减少442.78亿元,减少比例为44.24%,如图12所示。其中,钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构的修复费用相比于设防烈度提升前,减少比例分别为49.61%、39.62%、48.1%、23.43%和35.84%。
2.3.6 伤亡人数及变化比例
提升1度设防后,成都市伤亡人数减少121 072人,减少比例为48.18%,如图13所示。其中,钢混结构、砖混结构、砖木结构、土坯结构和其他结构相比于设防烈度提升前,伤亡人数分别减少54.44%、38.23%、58.46%、33.44%和50.44%。
2.4 建筑群抗震韧性综合效益分析
根据前文计算结果,提升1度设防后,设防所需费用增加45.95%、不同程度受损面积减少26.25%、房屋直接经济损失减少37.75%、修复时间减少45.1%、修复费用减少44.24%、伤亡人数减少48.18%。根据1.2节层次分析法,构造判断矩阵,并得到各指标权重如表3所示。由于研究中有2个评价对象(未提升设防和提升1度设防),因此,评价指标组成的指标矩阵如式(12)所示。
Z1= z 11 z 21 z 12 z 21 z 13 z 31 z 14 z 41 z 15 z 51 z 16 z 61
根据式(10),计算出式(12)中2个评价对象的各个评价指标,如表4所示。结合所提出的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型,绘制抗震韧性综合效益雷达图,如图14所示。其中,雷达图中的数据为无量纲量,仅帮助计算雷达图中多边形的面积,从而衡量式(11)中的抗震韧性综合效益系数的大小。
根据式(11)计算可知,未提升设防的抗震韧性综合效益系数为0.079 6,提升1度设防的抗震韧性综合效益系数为0.047 1。通过对比未提升设防和提升1度设防的抗震韧性综合效益系数的变化,得到成都市提升1度设防的抗震韧性综合效益提升40.8%,提升效果明显。
3 结论
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以建筑群设防所需费用、不同程度受损面积、房屋直接经济损失、修复时间、修复费用和伤亡人数作为抗震韧性综合效益评价指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,建立了基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估模型。通过对比分析该模型中的抗震韧性综合效益系数发现,相比于未提升设防,提升1度设防后,成都市建筑群抗震韧性综合效益提升40.8%,提升效果明显。提出的基于网格化和雷达图的建筑群抗震韧性评估方法,可以根据不同城市的建筑群和经济情况,因地制宜调整模型参数,为不同城市的防震减灾工作提供参考。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52268020)
  • 国家自然科学基金(51568001)
文献
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2025年第25卷第1期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400864
  • 接收时间：2024-01-30
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-30
  • 修回日期：2024-10-09
基金
国家自然科学基金(52268020)
国家自然科学基金(51568001)
作者信息
    1.东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
    2.南昌市政公用工程项目管理有限公司, 南昌 330009
    3.云南省地质环境监测院, 昆明 650216
    4.湖南城市学院土木工程学院, 益阳 413000
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400864
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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