Article(id=1156908296973149029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308147, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1697644800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-19, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758032314, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758032314, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758032314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758032314, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=291, endPage=300, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908297606488939, articleId=1156908296973149029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Pore Properties and Life Prediction of Salt-eroded Basalt Fiber Recycled Concrete, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of basalt fiber on the porosity of recycled concrete under salt erosion, the internal variation of concrete was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and a linear regression model was established between the porosity of concrete and the number of dry and wet cycles, the height of penetration, the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength. A fully connected neural network (FCNN) model was established for the penetration height under different soaking ages and fiber content for predicting the corrosion resistance life of basalt fiber regenerated concrete under salt erosion conditions. The results show that the porosity of concrete increases gradually with the erosion age increasing, and the appropriate addition of basalt fiber can significantly reduce the porosity of concrete, and the improvement effect is most significant when the fiber content is 1.0%. With fiber content increasing, the salt permeability resistance of recycled concrete increases, and permeability height decreases. When the fiber content is 1.0%, the best compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are obtained. The fully connected neural network model has a good effect and provides a reliable reference for the life prediction of basalt fiber recycled concrete.

, correspAuthors=Wen-rui YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-ai LIU, Wen-rui YANG, Yue-wen HUANG, Xun ZHANG, Hai ZHOU, Xiao-long XIONG, Cheng-wei LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908449473847353, articleId=1156908296973149029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=盐类侵蚀玄武岩纤维再生混凝土孔隙性能及寿命预测, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为了研究玄武岩纤维在盐类侵蚀环境下改善再生混凝土的孔隙性能,通过电镜扫描技术分析混凝土内部变化规律,并建立混凝土孔隙率与干湿循环次数、渗透高度、抗压强度以及劈裂抗拉强度之间的线性回归关系模型。对不同浸泡龄期和纤维掺量下的渗透高度建立全连接神经网络(fully connected neural network,FCNN)模型,用于预测玄武岩纤维再生混凝土在盐类侵蚀环境下的抗侵蚀寿命。结果表明:孔隙率随着侵蚀龄期的增加逐渐增加,适量掺入玄武岩纤维能显著降低混凝土孔隙率,其中纤维掺量为1.0%时改善效果最为显著;随着纤维掺量的增加,再生混凝土抗盐渗透能力增加,即渗透高度降低;当纤维掺量为1.0%时,可获得最佳的抗压和劈裂抗拉强度;FCNN模型结果表现良好,为玄武岩纤维再生混凝土的寿命预测提供了可靠的参考。, correspAuthors=杨文瑞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨文瑞(1986—),女,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:
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刘利爱(1998—),女,汉族,江西九江人,硕士研究生。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:

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刘利爱(1998—),女,汉族,江西九江人,硕士研究生。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:

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刘利爱(1998—),女,汉族,江西九江人,硕士研究生。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=NRBrZo98Dv5IspVQ2q4sPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205908726079353569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Comparison between the actual predicted values and the real values of the three groups of experiments, figureFileSmall=bqY9OVXzzn+DrId/X5lUzA==, figureFileBig=jOVgBBih3Z7aZc31vZ7Gdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205908726146462434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=图15, caption=3组实验实际预测值与真实值对比, figureFileSmall=bqY9OVXzzn+DrId/X5lUzA==, figureFileBig=jOVgBBih3Z7aZc31vZ7Gdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1205908726221959907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mix ratio design of recycled concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥 天然骨料 再生骨料 砂子 粉煤灰 减水剂
1 2.37 0.79 1.92 0.46 0.21 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1205908726301651684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

再生混凝土配合比设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥 天然骨料 再生骨料 砂子 粉煤灰 减水剂
1 2.37 0.79 1.92 0.46 0.21 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1205908726360371941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Group design of specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 抗压试件/劈裂抗拉试件 抗渗试件 纤维体积率/%
试件尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 数量/个 试件尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 数量/个
BRC-0-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-30-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-60-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-90-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-0-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-30-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-60-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-90-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-0-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-30-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-60-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-90-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-0-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
BRC-30-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
BRC-60-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
BRC-90-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1205908726440063718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试件分组设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 抗压试件/劈裂抗拉试件 抗渗试件 纤维体积率/%
试件尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 数量/个 试件尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 数量/个
BRC-0-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-30-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-60-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-90-0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0
BRC-0-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-30-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-60-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-90-0.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 0.5
BRC-0-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-30-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-60-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-90-1.0 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1
BRC-0-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
BRC-30-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
BRC-60-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
BRC-90-1.5 150×150×150 3 175×150×185 6 1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1205908728373637863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Specimen data table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件 干湿循环
龄期/d
抗压强
度/MPa
劈裂抗
拉强度/
MPa
渗水高
度/mm
孔隙
率/%
BRC-0 0 31.7 2.84 60.0 3.32
BRC-0 30 30.7 2.75 94.3 4.58
BRC-0 60 29.5 2.63 114.0 5.10
BRC-0 90 28.2 2.43 117.8 5.24
BRC-0.5 0 32.7 2.93 55.6 3.24
BRC-0.5 30 32.0 2.83 89.8 4.21
BRC-0.5 60 30.2 2.70 101.2 4.87
BRC-0.5 90 28.8 2.53 107.0 5.10
BRC-1.0 0 34.3 3.08 49.5 3.04
BRC-1.0 30 33.7 2.95 67.7 3.80
BRC-1.0 60 31.7 2.80 83.0 4.22
BRC-1.0 90 30.1 2.62 91.0 4.54
BRC-1.5 0 33.3 3.04 51.2 3.19
BRC-1.5 30 32.5 2.90 73.5 3.97
BRC-1.5 60 30.8 2.78 88.8 4.47
BRC-1.5 90 29.3 2.58 99.8 4.78
), ArticleFig(id=1205908728449135336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试件数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件 干湿循环
龄期/d
抗压强
度/MPa
劈裂抗
拉强度/
MPa
渗水高
度/mm
孔隙
率/%
BRC-0 0 31.7 2.84 60.0 3.32
BRC-0 30 30.7 2.75 94.3 4.58
BRC-0 60 29.5 2.63 114.0 5.10
BRC-0 90 28.2 2.43 117.8 5.24
BRC-0.5 0 32.7 2.93 55.6 3.24
BRC-0.5 30 32.0 2.83 89.8 4.21
BRC-0.5 60 30.2 2.70 101.2 4.87
BRC-0.5 90 28.8 2.53 107.0 5.10
BRC-1.0 0 34.3 3.08 49.5 3.04
BRC-1.0 30 33.7 2.95 67.7 3.80
BRC-1.0 60 31.7 2.80 83.0 4.22
BRC-1.0 90 30.1 2.62 91.0 4.54
BRC-1.5 0 33.3 3.04 51.2 3.19
BRC-1.5 30 32.5 2.90 73.5 3.97
BRC-1.5 60 30.8 2.78 88.8 4.47
BRC-1.5 90 29.3 2.58 99.8 4.78
), ArticleFig(id=1205908728524632809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Data table of C=aP2+bP+c

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维掺量/% 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
a -1.48 -1.58 -2.54 -1.84
b 10.98 11.15 16.41 12.11
c 11.51 13.13 7.95 13.35
), ArticleFig(id=1205908728591741674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

C=aP2+bP+c曲线数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维掺量/% 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
a -1.48 -1.58 -2.54 -1.84
b 10.98 11.15 16.41 12.11
c 11.51 13.13 7.95 13.35
), ArticleFig(id=1205908728663044843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Data table of T=aP2+bP+c

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维掺量/% 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
a -0.2 -0.13 -0.19 -0.16
b 1.53 0.91 1.14 0.10
c -0.04 1.37 1.38 1.48
), ArticleFig(id=1205908728725959404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

T=aP2+bP+c曲线数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维掺量/% 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
a -0.2 -0.13 -0.19 -0.16
b 1.53 0.91 1.14 0.10
c -0.04 1.37 1.38 1.48
), ArticleFig(id=1205908729883587309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Fully connected network parameters

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结构层次 超参数 输出尺寸 参数量
输入层
1#隐藏层 64×1fullyconnected, relu (None, 64) 192
2#隐藏层 32×1fullyconnected, relu (None, 32) 2 080
3#隐藏层 16×1fullyconnected, relu (None, 16) 528
输出层 1×1fullyconnected, linear (None, 1) 17
), ArticleFig(id=1205908729975861998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

全连接网络参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构层次 超参数 输出尺寸 参数量
输入层
1#隐藏层 64×1fullyconnected, relu (None, 64) 192
2#隐藏层 32×1fullyconnected, relu (None, 32) 2 080
3#隐藏层 16×1fullyconnected, relu (None, 16) 528
输出层 1×1fullyconnected, linear (None, 1) 17
), ArticleFig(id=1205908730068136687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Sample set of fully connected neural network models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 纤维
掺量/%
浸泡龄期/d 平均渗透
高度/mm
BRC-0-0 0.0 0 60.0
BRC-0-0.5 0.5 0 55.6
BRC-0-1.0 1.0 0 49.5
BRC-0-1.5 1.5 0 51.2
BRC-30-0 0.0 30 94.3
BRC-30-0.5 0.5 30 89.8
BRC-30-1.0 1.0 30 67.75
BRC-30-1.5 1.5 30 73.5
BRC-60-0 0.0 60 114.0
BRC-60-0.5 0.5 60 101.2
BRC-60-1.0 1.0 60 83.0
BRC-60-1.5 1.5 60 88.75
BRC-90-0 0.0 90 117.75
BRC-90-0.5 0.5 90 107.0
BRC-90-1.0 1.0 90 91.0
BRC-90-1.5 1.5 90 99.75
), ArticleFig(id=1205908730152022768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908296973149029, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

全连接神经网络模型样本集

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 纤维
掺量/%
浸泡龄期/d 平均渗透
高度/mm
BRC-0-0 0.0 0 60.0
BRC-0-0.5 0.5 0 55.6
BRC-0-1.0 1.0 0 49.5
BRC-0-1.5 1.5 0 51.2
BRC-30-0 0.0 30 94.3
BRC-30-0.5 0.5 30 89.8
BRC-30-1.0 1.0 30 67.75
BRC-30-1.5 1.5 30 73.5
BRC-60-0 0.0 60 114.0
BRC-60-0.5 0.5 60 101.2
BRC-60-1.0 1.0 60 83.0
BRC-60-1.5 1.5 60 88.75
BRC-90-0 0.0 90 117.75
BRC-90-0.5 0.5 90 107.0
BRC-90-1.0 1.0 90 91.0
BRC-90-1.5 1.5 90 99.75
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盐类侵蚀玄武岩纤维再生混凝土孔隙性能及寿命预测
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刘利爱 , 杨文瑞 * , 黄跃文 , 张勋 , 周海 , 熊小龙 , 李成炜
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(1): 291-300
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(1): 291-300
盐类侵蚀玄武岩纤维再生混凝土孔隙性能及寿命预测
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刘利爱 , 杨文瑞* , 黄跃文, 张勋, 周海, 熊小龙, 李成炜
作者信息
  • 东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
  • 刘利爱(1998—),女,汉族,江西九江人,硕士研究生。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 杨文瑞(1986—),女,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:
Pore Properties and Life Prediction of Salt-eroded Basalt Fiber Recycled Concrete
Li-ai LIU , Wen-rui YANG* , Yue-wen HUANG, Xun ZHANG, Hai ZHOU, Xiao-long XIONG, Cheng-wei LI
Affiliations
  • School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308147
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为了研究玄武岩纤维在盐类侵蚀环境下改善再生混凝土的孔隙性能,通过电镜扫描技术分析混凝土内部变化规律,并建立混凝土孔隙率与干湿循环次数、渗透高度、抗压强度以及劈裂抗拉强度之间的线性回归关系模型。对不同浸泡龄期和纤维掺量下的渗透高度建立全连接神经网络(fully connected neural network,FCNN)模型,用于预测玄武岩纤维再生混凝土在盐类侵蚀环境下的抗侵蚀寿命。结果表明:孔隙率随着侵蚀龄期的增加逐渐增加,适量掺入玄武岩纤维能显著降低混凝土孔隙率,其中纤维掺量为1.0%时改善效果最为显著;随着纤维掺量的增加,再生混凝土抗盐渗透能力增加,即渗透高度降低;当纤维掺量为1.0%时,可获得最佳的抗压和劈裂抗拉强度;FCNN模型结果表现良好,为玄武岩纤维再生混凝土的寿命预测提供了可靠的参考。
盐类侵蚀  /  再生混凝土  /  玄武岩纤维  /  孔隙率  /  全连接神经网络  /  寿命预测

In order to study the effect of basalt fiber on the porosity of recycled concrete under salt erosion, the internal variation of concrete was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and a linear regression model was established between the porosity of concrete and the number of dry and wet cycles, the height of penetration, the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength. A fully connected neural network (FCNN) model was established for the penetration height under different soaking ages and fiber content for predicting the corrosion resistance life of basalt fiber regenerated concrete under salt erosion conditions. The results show that the porosity of concrete increases gradually with the erosion age increasing, and the appropriate addition of basalt fiber can significantly reduce the porosity of concrete, and the improvement effect is most significant when the fiber content is 1.0%. With fiber content increasing, the salt permeability resistance of recycled concrete increases, and permeability height decreases. When the fiber content is 1.0%, the best compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are obtained. The fully connected neural network model has a good effect and provides a reliable reference for the life prediction of basalt fiber recycled concrete.

salt erosion  /  recycled concrete  /  basalt fiber  /  porosity  /  fully connected neural network  /  life prediction
刘利爱, 杨文瑞, 黄跃文, 张勋, 周海, 熊小龙, 李成炜. 盐类侵蚀玄武岩纤维再生混凝土孔隙性能及寿命预测. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 291 -300 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308147
Li-ai LIU, Wen-rui YANG, Yue-wen HUANG, Xun ZHANG, Hai ZHOU, Xiao-long XIONG, Cheng-wei LI. Pore Properties and Life Prediction of Salt-eroded Basalt Fiber Recycled Concrete[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 291 -300 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308147
城市的快速发展和建筑活动的显著增加导致了大量的建筑和拆除废物的产生[1],这些建筑垃圾的成分具有多样性,对社会带来了重大的挑战。废弃垃圾回收利用不仅经济环保,而且是处理建设垃圾的最理想的方法[2]。近年来,将废弃物作为再生骨料部分或全部替代混凝土中的原始骨料成为一个趋势,这可以有效减少碳排放并减少社会对建筑工程废弃物的关注[3-4]。然而,再生骨料存在孔隙率高、吸水率高、堆积密度低、空隙率高、压碎指标高、Ca(OH)2CH晶体含量高等问题,且再生混凝土构件还存在强度低、耐久性差、性能不稳定等问题[5-6]。混凝土建筑在建造和使用过程中还会面临许多不利的环境因素,其中盐溶液侵蚀对混凝土的侵蚀最为常见,甚至威胁到建筑的安全[7]
添加纤维材料可以提升再生混凝土的力学性能及耐久性能[8]、减缓盐类对混凝土的侵蚀影响[9]。钢纤维、碳纤维和玄武岩纤维等材料都可以用于增强再生混凝土的强度和韧性。其中,钢纤维具有出色的增强和增韧效果,在再生混凝土中得到了广泛的应用[10],能显著提高再生混凝土的拉伸和弯曲性能[11];但是钢纤维易腐蚀[12],对混凝土最终的强度影响较大。在再生混凝土中掺入碳纤维不仅可以改善混凝土的力学性能,延缓裂缝的发展[13],还可以增强再生混凝土的延性[14]。相较于价格较高的碳纤维,玄武岩纤维则具有多重优势。它是一种经济环保的材料,不仅具备高强度抗拉、大弹性模量的特性,而且价格相对较低。此外,玄武岩纤维还能有效地增强、增韧再生混凝土等,发挥出其卓越的功能[15-17]。添加玄武岩纤维可以减少再生混凝土早期原生微裂纹的产生和发展,阻止了砂浆内部微裂纹的产生和扩展[18]。在力学方面,与不掺纤维相比,玄武岩纤维增强混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗弯强度最高分别可达14%、62%和54%[19]。玄武岩纤维的添加可以有效抑制再生混凝土早期的原生微裂纹产生和扩展,并减缓原生微裂纹尖端的应力集中。同时,还可以防止砂浆中的微裂纹形成和发展,从而大幅提高再生混凝土的强度和韧性,增强其承载能力以应对附加荷载,显著提高再生混凝土的变形性能、韧性指数、抗折强度、耐磨性和干燥收缩,从而有效改善其延性和耐久性[20]。因此,研究玄武岩纤维改性再生混凝土的微观结构和耐久性能对玄武岩纤维再生混凝土的实际工程应用具有重要意义。
混凝土寿命预测是评估混凝土耐久性的关键,但又是一个复杂的多变量非线性问题,直接建立考虑所有因素的精确预测模型较难[21]。许多学者[22-23]采用灰色理论和Weibull分布对混凝土进行寿命预测,但灰色模型的结构比较简单,难以捕捉复杂数据间的关系,特别是在处理多变量或多因素影响时;Weibull分布的参数估计对数据非常敏感,少量极端数据或异常值可能会对参数估计结果产生显著影响,从而影响预测的准确性。相比之下,神经网络通过学习样本数据建立预测模型,无需预先确定变量间关系[24],处理非线性问题的效果出色。姚小俊等[25]对再生混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量建立人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANM)模型,结果发现此模型相关系数分别为0.85、0.81。徐跃生等[26]建立了含2层隐含层的BP神经网络模型,用于预测自密实清水混凝土的性能。结果显示,该神经网络模型的预测强度值与实际强度值的相对误差大多在10%以下,预测效果良好。Malarvizhi等[27]建立全连接深度神经网络(fully connected deep neural network,FCDNN)模型预测混凝土砌块的抗压强度,均方误差为29.519 6,R2误差为0.885,同样显示出了较好的预测性能。这验证了全连接神经网络可以有效预测混凝土抗压强度,为混凝土质量检测提供参考。全连接神经网络的网络结构简单,训练过程成熟可靠;可处理复杂的非线性函数逼近,对有限样本拟合效果好,泛化能力强;计算耗时较短,结果易解释[28]。相比传统线性回归法,全连接神经网络显著提高了预测性能。
现通过对盐溶液侵蚀下不同掺量玄武岩纤维的再生混凝土的试验研究,探究其孔隙率与力学性能、耐久性之间的关系,并建立全连接神经网络(fully connected neural network,FCNN)模型对再生混凝土的抗渗性能进行预测,以期为后续相关研究和工程应用提供理论依据。
试件的原材料包括水泥、砂、天然骨料、再生骨料、玄武岩纤维、粉煤灰、外加剂和水。水泥选用P.O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥;细骨料采用天然河沙,其细度模数为2.5,表观密度为1 810 kg/m3;天然粗骨料选取5~20 mm连续集配的碎石,再生粗骨料取自学校附近施工段的废弃路面板,使用破碎机人工破碎,筛分出5~20 mm连续级配的再生粗骨料,相关研究表明,当再生骨料替代率为25%时,对混凝土力学性能的影响不大。另外,瑞士政府规定公共建筑必须使用至少25%的再生骨料[29-31],Wagih等[32]的研究结果也显示,25%的再生骨料替代率对混凝土性能影响较小,但当替代率提高到50%时,抗压强度会有所下降,基于上述原因,再生骨料的替代率设为25%;纤维材料选用玄武岩纤维,纤维长度均采取12 mm,体积掺量选取0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%;粉煤灰采用二级粉煤灰;聚羧酸高性能减水剂作为外加剂,减水率为30%。破碎机、破碎后的再生粗骨料和筛分后的再生粗骨料如图1~图3所示。试验采用《普通混凝土配合比设计规程》(JGJ 55—2011)进行配合比设计,如表1所示。
纤维采用外掺设计,混合料的配制如图4所示。立方体抗压试验、劈裂抗拉试验采用尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×150 mm的立方体试件进行,每种试验的试件数量为3个。抗渗试验采用尺寸为175 mm×150 mm×185 mm的圆台体试件进行,共制备6个试件。表2详细列出了各试验的混凝土试件信息,并且试件制备时静置的过程如图5所示。
试件制作完成1 d后,需要将试件脱模并在室内环境下养护28 d。随后进行盐类干湿循环模拟试验,每天进行一次干湿循环。具体操作为将试件浸泡在由无水氯化钠、无水硫酸钠和水3种液体构成的复合溶液中12 h,然后放入温度为30 ℃的烘箱烘干12 h。其中,复合溶液中的氯化钠和硫酸钠浓度均为5%。试验分为3个周期,浸泡龄期分别为30、60和90 d。
在浸泡结束后,对盐类干湿循环0、30、60、90 d的试件进行力学性能试验和耐久性能试验。力学性能试验包括抗压试验和劈裂抗拉试验采用,采用长轴压力试验机YAW-3000进行,抗压试验方法参照《普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准》(GB/T 50081—2019),加载方式参考《混凝土结构试验方法标准》(GBT 50152—2012);耐久性能试验包括抗水渗透试验和孔隙率试验,抗水渗透试验方法参考《普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准》(GBT 50081—2019),以渗透高度作为其抗渗性能变化情况。长轴压力试验机YAW-300如图6所示,抗渗仪如图7所示。
将盐类干湿循环0、30、60、90 d下试件的力学性能试验和耐久性能试验结果数据整理如表3所示。
为了清晰地观察盐溶液侵蚀对再生混凝土内部的影响和玄武岩纤维混凝土在破坏后的内部形貌特征,选取1 cm表面光滑、形状规则的小碎块,利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对试件的内部微观结构进行观察。不同侵蚀龄期下不同纤维掺量的玄武岩纤维再生混凝土的微观结构如图8所示。
根据图8(a),未掺入纤维的混凝土有较多平整光滑区域,各物相结构间的黏结性能良好,但是可以明显观察到骨料与砂浆之间的界面过渡区。而从图8(b)可以看出,纤维能够很好地与水泥砂浆黏结在一起,说明纤维与混凝土具有良好的协同作用。此外,还可以观察到在凹槽内壁上可以看到少量微裂缝,这表明内力作用比较大,因此骨料之间的破坏作用力也是影响混凝土内部微观变化的因素之一。
图8(c)图8(d)可以看出,图8(c)混凝土内部存在少量的针状钙矾石,以及图8(d)混凝土内部的大多数区域以片状、针状钙矾石为主,当盐溶液侵蚀混凝土时,溶液中的硫酸根与水泥中的氢氧化钙和水化铝酸钙会发生化学反应生成钙矾石,随着侵蚀时间的增加,钙矾石的数量会逐渐增多。与BRC-0-0、BRC-30-0.5相比,BRC-60-1.0在微观结构中展现出更多的玄武岩纤维分布。这些纤维以垂直和水平方向穿插在水泥浆体中,表明出纤维在混凝土中呈现出随机分布的纵横交错状态,并且与混凝土内部各相材料具有良好的黏结性能,从而提高了混凝土内部微观结构的密实程度。
还可以观察到骨料凹槽的存在,这是由颗粒的挤压作用造成的,骨料脱落留下凹槽,并在凹槽内部发现断断续续的微裂缝。这些微裂缝的起始点位于玄武岩纤维与水泥浆体的接触处,到达凹槽后则停止延伸,最后在上部继续拓展延伸。这种微观形态现象表明,玄武岩纤维的添加可以阻碍原始和新生微裂缝的发展,从而提高各相基体材料之间的机械咬合力、黏聚力等。此外,在受到外部负荷时,试件内部会产生较大的拉应力,但由于玄武岩纤维具有良好的抗拉性能,可以分担部分混凝土内部应力,从而提高试件的极限承载力。
不同玄武岩纤维体积率的再生混凝土孔隙率与干湿循环次数拟合曲线如图9所示。
图9中可以看出,随干湿循环次数的增加,孔隙率呈上升趋势。在0~60 d干湿循环下,孔隙率急剧增大;在60~90 d干湿循环下,孔隙率缓慢增大。经过90 d干湿循环后,BRC-0、BRC-0.5、BRC-1.0和BRC-1.5试件的孔隙率分别相对于0次干湿循环增加了57.8%、57.4%、49.3%、49.8%。这可能是因为含有硫酸盐的侵蚀溶液会在混凝土表面和内部毛细孔隙中发生毛细上升和蒸发浓缩现象,使溶液中的硫酸盐离子在毛细孔隙周围结晶成盐晶[33],这些盐晶对孔壁产生的结晶压力,当超过混凝土基质本身的抗拉强度时,就会导致基质开裂。此外,盐溶液中的硫酸根与水泥中的氢氧化钙和水化铝酸钙会发生化学反应生成钙矾石,该化学反应使得固相体积增大94%[34],从而扩大混凝土内部的微裂缝和孔隙,导致孔隙率增加。随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,孔隙率大小呈现先降后增的趋势,干湿循环30 d后,BRC-0.5、BRC-1.0、BRC-1.5试件的孔隙率分别相对于未掺入纤维的试件BRC-0降低了8.1%、17.0%、13.3%。因此,掺入纤维可以一定程度上改善混凝土的孔隙率,其中以掺量为1.0%时的改善效果最为明显。
孔隙率反映了混凝土的密实程度,密实程度越好,孔隙率越小,混凝土的抗渗性能也会越好。对盐侵-干湿循环耦合作用下玄武岩纤维再生混凝土的孔隙率(P)与渗透高度(H)的关系进行拟合,如图10所示。孔隙率与渗透高度曲线整体上呈上升趋势,纤维再生混凝土的孔隙率越小,其渗透高度越小。
不同玄武岩纤维体积率的再生混凝土孔隙率(P)与抗压强度(C)拟合曲线如图11所示,对应曲线参数如表4所示。从图11中可以看出,随干湿循环次数的增加,抗压强度持续降低。这可能是因为在盐溶液侵蚀后,盐晶体大量填充混凝土的裂缝和孔隙,导致混凝土内部也受到盐溶液侵蚀,影响了混凝土的强度。
当干湿循环次数一定时,掺入1.0%玄武岩纤维的混凝土具有最小的孔隙率和最大的抗压强度,这表明掺入适量纤维可以减少混凝土的孔隙率,从而提高其抗压强度。这可能是因为水泥浆失水收缩导致混凝土内部产生微裂缝,玄武岩纤维在混凝土内部随机分布形成空间网架结构,填充内部孔隙。此外,纤维与水泥之间有很好的黏性,从而减少内部裂缝扩展并增强了整体性[35]。在所有玄武岩纤维体积率中,当纤维体积率为1.0%时,孔隙率对抗压强度的影响最大,且该掺量对应的抗压强度峰值最大。这说明玄武岩纤维掺量为1.0%时对于增强混凝土抗压强度效果最为显著。
不同玄武岩纤维体积率的再生混凝土孔隙率(P)与劈裂抗拉强度(T)拟合曲线如图12所示,对应曲线参数如表5所示。从图12中可以看出,随干湿循环次数的增加,劈裂抗拉强度持续降低,其原因是混凝土中微小裂缝和孔隙充满盐晶体,盐晶体之间的连接很脆,从而降低混凝土的抗拉能力。
当干湿循环次数一定时,掺入1.0%玄武岩纤维的混凝土具有最小的孔隙率和最大的劈裂抗拉强度,这表明适量的纤维掺入可以减少混凝土的孔隙率,从而提高其劈裂抗拉强度。其原因可能是玄武岩纤维掺入可以减少混凝土内部孔隙率,增强混凝土整体密实性。此外,纤维与水泥之间具有良好的黏结性能[35],当混凝土受到外力拉扯时,纤维起到相当大的抑制混凝土内部裂缝扩展作用。在所有玄武岩纤维体积率中,当纤维体积率为1.0%时,孔隙率对劈裂抗拉强度的影响最大,说明玄武岩纤维掺量为1.0%时纤维增强混凝土劈裂抗拉强度效果最为显著。
神经网络[28]是根据生物神经元的运作方式所构建的一个仿生的数学模型,与生物神经元具有相似的功能和结构。相较于其他回归方法和神经网络模型,全连接神经网络能够更好地模拟出多输入与多输出之间的非线性关系,并且还具有隐含层少、参数量少和拟合速度快等特点,非常适合处理低维的非线性问题。故而常用全连接神经网络对低维非线性数据进行拟合预测。为此以玄武岩纤维再生混凝土抗渗性能的2个影响因素为输入变量,渗透高度作为输出因变量,构建一个包含两个隐藏层的四层全连接神经网络模型,用于混凝土耐久性预测,为后续实际工程中沿海潮汐环境下混凝土耐久性研究提供参考。
通常全连接神经网络通常由输出层、输出层和一个或多个隐藏层组成,神经元之间互联互通,图13展示了一个包含一个隐藏层的全连接神经网络架构。
该神经网络本质上将样本数据经过一系列的非线性相关计算映射到样本数据的标签空间,隐藏层及输出层的每个神经元接收来自上层神经元的输出数据,并进行非线性计算,其数学表达式为
$u_{i, k}=f\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} w_{i j, k} x_{i}+b_{k}\right)$
式(1)中:ui,k为第k层的第i个神经元的输出;wij,k为第k层的第i个输入与下一层第j个神经元的连接权重;xibk为对应的输入和偏置;f为非线性激活函数,通常采用Relu作为激活函数,其表达式为
f(u)=max(0,u)
由于所搭建的神经网络用于混凝土耐久性预测,因此需要对图13的网络做一些改变,改变后的参数如表6所示。
采用均方误差(mean square error,MSE)作为损失函数,用来衡量预测的损伤向量与真实标签的差异程度。对应的损失函数表达式为
$\operatorname{loss}(\bar{y}, y)=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(\bar{y}_{i}-y_{i}\right)^{2}$
式(3)中:loss(y -,y)为损失值;n为训练样本数量, y -为预测值;y为实测值;i=1,2,…,n。同时采用决定系数R2来衡量预测值与真实值之间的匹配程度, MSE越小、R2越大,则模型的性能越好。模型共训练了300 epoch,初始学习率为0.000 1,选用Adam优化器,整个模型搭建及优化均是在tensorflow环境中进行。表7为网络训练及测试的样本集,随机挑选一组样本作为测试集,其余样本作为训练集,共做三组模型训练测试实验,以确保模型的鲁棒性。例如,第一组模型训练实验,选用试件编号为BRC-60-0的数据作为测试集,则其余样本作为训练集。此外,选用BRC-0-1.5和BRC-90-1.0的数据作为测试集分别作为第二组和第三组模型。
三组模型训练实验过程中的MSE及R2变化趋势如图14所示,可以看出,在200个epoch时模型已经趋于收敛,300个epoch时的MSE及R2已经稳定。
将测试集分别输入对应模型得到的实际预测值如图15所示,可以看出,3组实验的实际预测值分别为111.85、53.21和93.26,与对应真实值114.00、51.20和91.00的误差均值仅为2.14,说明该模型对混凝土多因素(纤维掺量,浸泡龄期)情况下渗水高度变化情况的拟合效果较好。
(1)盐溶液干湿循环次数会对混凝土孔隙率产生影响,随着循环次数的增加,孔隙率逐渐上升。纤维掺量为1.0%时,改善效果最明显。
(2)孔隙率与渗透高度整体上呈上升趋势,纤维再生混凝土的孔隙率越小,其渗透高度越小,说明添加适量的纤维可以降低孔隙率,提高混凝土的抗盐侵蚀性能和延长混凝土的使用寿命。
(3)建立孔隙率抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度关系模型,结果表明:玄武岩纤维掺量为1.0%时的孔隙率对抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响最大,纤维掺量为1.0%时,其抗压强度的峰值最大,说明玄武岩纤维掺量为1.0%时纤维增强混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度效果最明显。
(4)对不同浸泡龄期和纤维掺量下的渗透高度建立全连接神经网络(FCNN)模型,BRC-60-0、BRC-0-1.5和BRC-90-1.0作为训练集的3组实验预测值分别为111.85、53.21和93.26,与对应的真实值114.00、51.20和91.00的误差均值仅为2.14,说明该模型对混凝土多因素(纤维掺量,浸泡龄期)情况下渗水高度变化情况的拟合效果较好。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52368012)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB204066)
  • 江西省重点研发计划(20202BBG 73037)
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2025年第25卷第1期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308147
  • 接收时间:2023-10-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-19
  • 修回日期:2024-07-19
基金
国家自然科学基金(52368012)
江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB204066)
江西省重点研发计划(20202BBG 73037)
作者信息
    东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013

通讯作者:

* 杨文瑞(1986—),女,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:新型材料应用与结构耐久性。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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