Article(id=1156908036628500815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=1717516800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757970243, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757970243, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757970243, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757970243, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1290, endPage=1297, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908037379281234, articleId=1156908036628500815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Determination of Ground Risk Buffer for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Monte Carlo Simulation, columnId=1156262731079607234, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Aeronautics and Astronautics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The accuracy and confidence level of the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) landing range are of great significance for objectively assessing the UAV’s ground risk. The uncertain wind field and complex electromagnetic environment are the main causes of uncertainty regarding UAV failure and landing range. Given the particle assumption in the case of complete failure of the UAV, firstly, a dynamic model of the UAV trajectory descent with the initial position and velocity as the boundary value and the wind speed vector and the initial position as random variables was constructed, and the failure and landing range of the UAV were determined by Monte Carlo simulation. Secondly, a geometric method for determining the envelope of the UAV ground risk buffer was proposed, and the quantitative determination of the ground risk buffer of the entire UAV track was realized. Finally, the method proposed was verified by taking an aerial inspection route as example and compared with the buffer protection area of the UAV in different wind fields and under various operating conditions, the effect of uncertain wind field and its operating conditions on the ground crash range of the UAV was studied, and the ground risk buffer zone under different operating conditions was established. The results show that falling at higher speed and higher altitudes under stronger winds yields a wider impacting area and a larger ground risk buffer.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ling-hang MENG, Chun-yan WU, Lei-zhang QIAO, Hong-yang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908114722246765, articleId=1156908036628500815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于蒙特卡罗模拟的无人机地面风险缓冲区确定方法, columnId=1156262731373208516, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·航空、航天, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

无人机坠地范围的精度和置信水平对于客观评估无人机地面风险有重要意义。不确定风场和复杂电磁环境是无人机失效坠地范围不确定性的主要诱因。针对无人机完全失效情况下的质点假设,首先,构建以初始位置和速度为边界值,以风速矢量和初始位置为随机变量的无人机弹道下降动力学模型,通过蒙特卡罗模拟确定无人机失效坠地范围。其次,提出一种确定无人机地面缓冲区包络线的绘制方法,实现对整条无人机航迹地面风险缓冲区的定量化确定。最后,以航大汉来(天津)航空技术有限公司巡检业务航线例对本文提出的方法进行了仿真验证,并与无人机在不同风场和不同运行条件下的缓冲保护区进行对比,研究不确定风场及其运行条件对无人机地面坠毁范围的作用效果,建立不同运行条件下的地面风险缓冲区。结果表明,在飞行速度更大、飞行高度更高、风速更大、风速和风向的标准差更大的条件下运行,无人机失效坠毁产生的坠地范围更广泛,建立的地面风险缓冲区的面积越大。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PnOyY5wnRWyr2k0wxza4bg==, magXml=n8TAofzhFWJIS0PlD6HgEQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=z2f6JT1DKp8izNukh71Y+w==, pdfFileSize=12024680, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CcfNEU23KIWdrQcOZB9+rg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BRXBpOaxUVQEe2u+u1PvYQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孟令航(1977—),男,汉族,河南桐柏人,博士,副教授。研究方向:无人机安全风险评估与监测技术。E-mail:

, authorsList=孟令航, 武春雁, 乔雷章, 张弘扬)}, authors=[Author(id=1204780264523276616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lhmeng@cauc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1204780264628134225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780264523276616, language=EN, stringName=Ling-hang MENG, firstName=Ling-hang, middleName=null, lastName=MENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1204780264699437397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780264523276616, language=CN, stringName=孟令航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300, bio={"content":"

孟令航(1977—),男,汉族,河南桐柏人,博士,副教授。研究方向:无人机安全风险评估与监测技术。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

孟令航(1977—),男,汉族,河南桐柏人,博士,副教授。研究方向:无人机安全风险评估与监测技术。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780264405836090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264414224699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264426807612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300)])]), Author(id=1204780264800100701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1204780264934318435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780264800100701, language=EN, stringName=Chun-yan WU, firstName=Chun-yan, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1204780265034981735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780264800100701, language=CN, stringName=武春雁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780264405836090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264414224699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264426807612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300)])]), Author(id=1204780265177588083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1204780265303417212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780265177588083, language=EN, stringName=Lei-zhang QIAO, firstName=Lei-zhang, middleName=null, lastName=QIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1204780265412469118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780265177588083, language=CN, stringName=乔雷章, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780264405836090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264414224699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264426807612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300)])]), Author(id=1204780265538298246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1204780265655738764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780265538298246, language=EN, stringName=Hong-yang ZHANG, firstName=Hong-yang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1204780265756402068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, authorId=1204780265538298246, language=CN, stringName=张弘扬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780264405836090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264414224699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264426807612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1204780265957728667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=unmanned aerial vehicle), Keyword(id=1204780266083557791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=ground risk buffer), Keyword(id=1204780266192609702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Monte Carlo simulation), Keyword(id=1204780266314244523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=uncertain wind field), Keyword(id=1204780267501232560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=track error), Keyword(id=1204780267660616115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=无人机), Keyword(id=1204780267790639548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=地面风险缓冲区), Keyword(id=1204780267920662978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=蒙特卡罗模拟), Keyword(id=1204780268088435148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=不确定风场), Keyword(id=1204780268214264273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=航迹误差)], refs=[Reference(id=1204780277273961063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=30, pageStart=13187, pageEnd=13194, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王飞, 杨清平, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王飞, 杨清平, 基于改进粒子群算法的城市物流无人机路径规划[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(30): 13187-13194., articleTitle=基于改进粒子群算法的城市物流无人机路径规划, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780277349458541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=30, pageStart=13187, pageEnd=13194, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Wang Fei, Yang Qingping, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Fei, Yang Qingping. Route planning of urban logistics unmanned aerial vehicle based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(30): 13187-13194., articleTitle=Route planning of urban logistics unmanned aerial vehicle based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780277450121840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=韩鹏, 张冰玉, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩鹏, 张冰玉. 基于改进蚁群算法的无人机安全航路规划研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(1) : 24-29., articleTitle=基于改进蚁群算法的无人机安全航路规划研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780277584339570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Han Peng, Zhang Bingyu, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han Peng, Zhang Bingyu. Safety route planning of UAV based on improved ant colony algorithm[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(1): 24-29., articleTitle=Safety route planning of UAV based on improved ant colony algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780277743723127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=46, issue=null, pageStart=44, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Tan Y H, Lai S P, Wang K L, journalName=Annual Reviews in Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tan Y H, Lai S P, Wang K L, et al. Cooperative control of multiple unmanned aerial systems for heavy duty carrying[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2018, 46: 44-57., articleTitle=Cooperative control of multiple unmanned aerial systems for heavy duty carrying, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780277831803514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=1534, pageEnd=1552, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Xu C C, Liao X H, Ye H P, journalName=Journal of Geographical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu C C, Liao X H, Ye H P, et al. Iterative construction of low altitude UAV air route network in urban areas: case planning and assessment[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(9): 1534-1552., articleTitle=Iterative construction of low altitude UAV air route network in urban areas: case planning and assessment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780277945049724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=257, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=张宏宏, 甘旭升, 李双峰, journalName=仪器仪表学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张宏宏, 甘旭升, 李双峰, 等. 复杂低空环境下考虑区域风险评估的无人机航路规划[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2021, 42(1): 257-266., articleTitle=复杂低空环境下考虑区域风险评估的无人机航路规划, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278075073151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=257, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Zhang Honghong, Gan Xusheng, Li Shuangfeng, journalName=Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Honghong, Gan Xusheng, Li Shuangfeng, et al. UAV route planning considering regional risk assessment in complex low altitude environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2021, 42(1): 257-266., articleTitle=UAV route planning considering regional risk assessment in complex low altitude environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278184125063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, journalName=Online: Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems. Guidelines on specific operations risk assessment[Z]. Online: Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278276399753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=7, pageStart=370, pageEnd=383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Xiao L Y, Tian H C, Fei G, journalName=Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao L Y, Tian H C, Fei G. Evaluation of the urban UAV risk management based on the numerical simulation of the falling process[J]. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, 2020, 17(7): 370-383., articleTitle=Evaluation of the urban UAV risk management based on the numerical simulation of the falling process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278360285833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=2, pageStart=155, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Wang B, Kharchenko V, Kukush A, journalName=Transport, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang B, Kharchenko V, Kukush A, et al. Unmanned aerial vehicles trajectory analysis considering missing data[J]. Transport, 2019, 34(2): 155-162., articleTitle=Unmanned aerial vehicles trajectory analysis considering missing data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278473532046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=ICUAS’20, pageStart=1442, pageEnd=1451, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Cour-Harbo A L, journalName=International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cour-Harbo A L. Ground impact probability distribution for small unmanned aircraft in ballistic descent[C]// International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems(ICUAS’20). Athens: International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2020: 1442-1451., articleTitle=Ground impact probability distribution for small unmanned aircraft in ballistic descent, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278603555474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=97, issue=3, pageStart=489, pageEnd=509, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Stefano P, Alessandro R, Anders L C, journalName=Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stefano P, Alessandro R, Anders L C. Ground risk map for unmanned aircraft in urban environments[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2020, 97(3): 489-509., articleTitle=Ground risk map for unmanned aircraft in urban environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278700024466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=101, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=苏成林, 王志, 刘洋, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏成林, 王志, 刘洋. 随机风速风向对无人机地面风险作用效果研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 101-108., articleTitle=随机风速风向对无人机地面风险作用效果研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278817464981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=101, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Su Chenglin, Wang Zhi, Liu Yang, journalName=Chinese Journal of Safety Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su Chenglin, Wang Zhi, Liu Yang. Study on the effect of random wind speed and direction on ground risk of unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Safety Sciences, 2023, 33(8): 101-108., articleTitle=Study on the effect of random wind speed and direction on ground risk of unmanned aerial vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780278926516888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=106, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=韩鹏, 张冰玉, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩鹏, 张冰玉. 航迹误差对无人机坠地伤人风险评估的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(2): 106-111., articleTitle=航迹误差对无人机坠地伤人风险评估的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279014597275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=106, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Han Peng, Zhang Bingyu, journalName=Chinese Journal of Safety Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han Peng, Zhang Bingyu. The impact of trajectory error on the risk assessment of unmanned aerial vehicle ground injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Safety Sciences, 2021, 31(2): 106-111., articleTitle=The impact of trajectory error on the risk assessment of unmanned aerial vehicle ground injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279102677660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=5, pageStart=14, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=王文涛, 甘旭升, 吴亚荣, journalName=现代防御技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王文涛, 甘旭升, 吴亚荣, 等. 考虑不确定性的低空无人机运行风险评估方法[J]. 现代防御技术, 2022, 50(5): 14-21., articleTitle=考虑不确定性的低空无人机运行风险评估方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279257866910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=5, pageStart=14, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Wang Wentao, Gan Xusheng, Wu Yarong, journalName=Modern Defense Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Wentao, Gan Xusheng, Wu Yarong, et al. Risk assessment method for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle operation considering uncertainty[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2022, 50(5): 14-21., articleTitle=Risk assessment method for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle operation considering uncertainty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279379501729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=93, issue=1-2, pageStart=367, pageEnd=384, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Courharbo A L, journalName=Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Courharbo A L. Quantifying risk of ground impact fatalities for small unmanned aircraft[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2019, 93(1-2): 367-384., articleTitle=Quantifying risk of ground impact fatalities for small unmanned aircraft, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279564051109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=70, issue=12, pageStart=12389, pageEnd=12401, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Wang C H J, Ng E M, Low K H, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang C H J, Ng E M, Low K H. Investigation and modeling of flight technical error(FTE) associated with UAS operating with and without pilot guidance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 70(12): 12389-12401., articleTitle=Investigation and modeling of flight technical error(FTE) associated with UAS operating with and without pilot guidance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279681491624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=120, issue=null, pageStart=102736, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Zhang N, Liu H, Ng B F, journalName=Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang N, Liu H, Ng B F, et al. Collision probability between intruding drone and commercial aircraft in airport restricted area based on collision-course trajectory planning[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2020, 120: 102736., articleTitle=Collision probability between intruding drone and commercial aircraft in airport restricted area based on collision-course trajectory planning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780279777960615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=22, authorNames=赵嶷飞, 徐永祥, 王红勇, journalName=安全与环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵嶷飞, 徐永祥, 王红勇. 基于航迹误差的空中交通冲突风险计算方法研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2016, 16(3): 16-19., articleTitle=基于航迹误差的空中交通冲突风险计算方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780280960754346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zhao Yifei, Xu Yongxiang, Wang Hongyong, journalName=Journal of Safety and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Yifei, Xu Yongxiang, Wang Hongyong. On the air traffic conflict risk calculation method based on the track deviation study[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016, 16(3): 16-19., articleTitle=On the air traffic conflict risk calculation method based on the track deviation study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780281099166380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO), journalName=Quebec, refType=null, unstructuredReference=International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO).Aircraft operations: 8168[S]. Quebec: ICAO, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780281199829676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=25, authorNames=杨筝, journalName=地形对近地面风场特征影响的探究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨筝. 地形对近地面风场特征影响的探究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780281279521454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Yang Zheng, journalName=Study on the influence of topography on the characteristics of near surface wind field, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Zheng. Study on the influence of topography on the characteristics of near surface wind field[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780281392767665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=朱陆陆, journalName=蒙特卡洛方法及应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱陆陆. 蒙特卡洛方法及应用[D]. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204780281472459443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Zhu Lulu, journalName=Monte Carlo methods and applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Lulu. Monte Carlo methods and applications[D]. Wuhan: Central China Normal University, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204780277022302817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, awardId=2022YFB4300904, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4300904), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780264405836090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264414224699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264426807612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, companyId=1204780264405836090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1204780270311416290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Drone’s ballisitic falling track, figureFileSmall=XAHDwuR3jOcIl6HbFAtPfg==, figureFileBig=MpHda3Foy2iQcsM8TJ041g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270433051112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图1, caption=无人机弹道坠地情形, figureFileSmall=XAHDwuR3jOcIl6HbFAtPfg==, figureFileBig=MpHda3Foy2iQcsM8TJ041g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270533714414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=UAV failing motion, figureFileSmall=A9RE2aCLS4Nh6nbDYuOKFQ==, figureFileBig=n6PUNdj2IO048lREwhUByQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270609211892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图2, caption=UAV坠落受力分析, figureFileSmall=A9RE2aCLS4Nh6nbDYuOKFQ==, figureFileBig=n6PUNdj2IO048lREwhUByQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270705680888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Pattern of UAV impacting area, figureFileSmall=Evax2YBaSwg2WDy6+FFloQ==, figureFileBig=m7C2p2jplnsoOWkDLFn0aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270835704320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图3, caption=无人机坠地地面撞击范围形态, figureFileSmall=Evax2YBaSwg2WDy6+FFloQ==, figureFileBig=m7C2p2jplnsoOWkDLFn0aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272068829702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Monte-Carlo simulation of confidence boundary for UAV impacting point, figureFileSmall=ukC6n2G+HuCxgpRBgicIOA==, figureFileBig=aJp8HugQa0gzy52J26PZKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272194658830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图4, caption=无人机坠落撞击点置信边界蒙特卡罗模拟, figureFileSmall=ukC6n2G+HuCxgpRBgicIOA==, figureFileBig=aJp8HugQa0gzy52J26PZKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272307905038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schematic diagram of enroute ground risk evaluation area, figureFileSmall=znm3TTnNzjLU5A4lmndELQ==, figureFileBig=61pSF7BayuV2uJ7JutAA7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272412762646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图5, caption=无人机航线航坠地缓冲保护区示意图, figureFileSmall=znm3TTnNzjLU5A4lmndELQ==, figureFileBig=61pSF7BayuV2uJ7JutAA7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272505037338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=UAV inspection trajectory, figureFileSmall=Yd8Cv2VWkQvTADktkeKZcg==, figureFileBig=jFMSjFeHQYXlVySWrLtwJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272622477854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图6, caption=无人机巡检航线, figureFileSmall=Yd8Cv2VWkQvTADktkeKZcg==, figureFileBig=jFMSjFeHQYXlVySWrLtwJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272693781028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Impacting areas of UAV under calm wind condition and windy conditions, figureFileSmall=QaXh2GKfqo8JLjJb/XU7aA==, figureFileBig=qClOR8+gp1hrGAOUAWM+vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272790250024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图7, caption=在有风和静风条件下无人机的坠地范围, figureFileSmall=QaXh2GKfqo8JLjJb/XU7aA==, figureFileBig=qClOR8+gp1hrGAOUAWM+vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272890913327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Falling tracks and impacting areas of all predefined initial falling positions, figureFileSmall=m6+i2Srz0nKBMUpKPxgFDA==, figureFileBig=t+6QJsaIeRrmyqFGA8RPRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273029325364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图8, caption=无人机弹道坠地轨迹及地面撞击区域, figureFileSmall=m6+i2Srz0nKBMUpKPxgFDA==, figureFileBig=t+6QJsaIeRrmyqFGA8RPRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273104822841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Determining enrounte ground risk buffer area with Monte Carlo simulation, figureFileSmall=7yTo9lmRP9ifKh3pCYxH1w==, figureFileBig=a9kS3K12KlZn8D7mOxY+8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273239040577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图9, caption=蒙特卡洛仿真地面风险缓冲区, figureFileSmall=7yTo9lmRP9ifKh3pCYxH1w==, figureFileBig=a9kS3K12KlZn8D7mOxY+8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273352286789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Determining enroute ground risk buffer area with Monte Carlo simulation at flight altitude 90 m, figureFileSmall=oDMn/eM+DY9njYxxEkrLRg==, figureFileBig=6swBEH9tauQVBc7nBnZFLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273457144396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图10, caption=飞行高度90 m蒙特卡洛仿真的地面风险缓冲区, figureFileSmall=oDMn/eM+DY9njYxxEkrLRg==, figureFileBig=6swBEH9tauQVBc7nBnZFLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273570390605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Determining enroute ground risk buffer area with Monte Carlo simulation at the flight speed of 35 m/s, figureFileSmall=yYSdR75C3lv7XvP0Aav4iQ==, figureFileBig=b6F4plPEg0C3SAsf6/nmPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273704608334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=图11, caption=飞行速度35 m/s的蒙特卡罗仿真的地面风险缓冲区, figureFileSmall=yYSdR75C3lv7XvP0Aav4iQ==, figureFileBig=b6F4plPEg0C3SAsf6/nmPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273788494419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

H713-100 UAV parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初速度/(m·s-1) 水平迎风面积/m2 竖直迎风面积/m2
25 1.425 1
垂直迎风面积/m2 空气密度/(kg·m-3) 质量/kg
5.7 1.22 22.5
加速度/(m·s-2) 阻力系数
9.8 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1204780276808393305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036628500815, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

H713 -100无人机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初速度/(m·s-1) 水平迎风面积/m2 竖直迎风面积/m2
25 1.425 1
垂直迎风面积/m2 空气密度/(kg·m-3) 质量/kg
5.7 1.22 22.5
加速度/(m·s-2) 阻力系数
9.8 0.3
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119176004939786, delFlag=0, nameCn=科学技术与工程, nameEn=Science Technology and Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-1815, eissn=, cn=11-4688/T, coden=null, periodic=4, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Eng, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754445529766, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, picEn=5hwlULoNwcbj3xUmVi9MAQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159791870395564357, language=CN, name=科学技术与工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/home, createdTime=1754445529793, updatedTime=1754445529793, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/site/menus/20090429150146001, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159791870441701702, language=EN, name=Science Technology and Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/home, createdTime=1754445529804, updatedTime=1754445529804, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146123166801305609, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202391400884, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123166801305609, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112777, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753520965431, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学技术与工程-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科学技术与工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148622798802673703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782615614, updateTime=1751782615614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798781702180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782615609, updateTime=1751782615609, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798769119267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=j86gbwi+p0Idkyl5SzIlmQ==, createTime=1751782615606, updateTime=1751782615606, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798794285094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782615612, updateTime=1751782615612, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798790090789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782615611, updateTime=1751782615611, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155914124811976731, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123166801305609, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753521003206, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753521003206, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学技术与工程-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science Technology and Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155914371227308235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753521061952, updateTime=1753521061952, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371210531016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753521061947, updateTime=1753521061947, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371202142407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=j86gbwi+p0Idkyl5SzIlmQ==, createTime=1753521061945, updateTime=1753521061945, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371223113930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753521061950, updateTime=1753521061950, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371218919625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753521061949, updateTime=1753521061949, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科学技术与工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science Technology and Engineering, journalPhotoCn=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, journalPhotoEn=5hwlULoNwcbj3xUmVi9MAQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/PDF/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN/PDF/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于蒙特卡罗模拟的无人机地面风险缓冲区确定方法
收藏切换
PDF下载
孟令航 , 武春雁 , 乔雷章 , 张弘扬
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025,25(3): 1290-1297
收起
收藏切换
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025, 25(3): 1290-1297
基于蒙特卡罗模拟的无人机地面风险缓冲区确定方法
全屏
孟令航 , 武春雁, 乔雷章, 张弘扬
作者信息
  • 中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300
  • 孟令航(1977—),男,汉族,河南桐柏人,博士,副教授。研究方向:无人机安全风险评估与监测技术。E-mail:

Determination of Ground Risk Buffer for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
Ling-hang MENG , Chun-yan WU, Lei-zhang QIAO, Hong-yang ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Air traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188
文章导航
收藏切换

无人机坠地范围的精度和置信水平对于客观评估无人机地面风险有重要意义。不确定风场和复杂电磁环境是无人机失效坠地范围不确定性的主要诱因。针对无人机完全失效情况下的质点假设,首先,构建以初始位置和速度为边界值,以风速矢量和初始位置为随机变量的无人机弹道下降动力学模型,通过蒙特卡罗模拟确定无人机失效坠地范围。其次,提出一种确定无人机地面缓冲区包络线的绘制方法,实现对整条无人机航迹地面风险缓冲区的定量化确定。最后,以航大汉来(天津)航空技术有限公司巡检业务航线例对本文提出的方法进行了仿真验证,并与无人机在不同风场和不同运行条件下的缓冲保护区进行对比,研究不确定风场及其运行条件对无人机地面坠毁范围的作用效果,建立不同运行条件下的地面风险缓冲区。结果表明,在飞行速度更大、飞行高度更高、风速更大、风速和风向的标准差更大的条件下运行,无人机失效坠毁产生的坠地范围更广泛,建立的地面风险缓冲区的面积越大。

无人机  /  地面风险缓冲区  /  蒙特卡罗模拟  /  不确定风场  /  航迹误差

The accuracy and confidence level of the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) landing range are of great significance for objectively assessing the UAV’s ground risk. The uncertain wind field and complex electromagnetic environment are the main causes of uncertainty regarding UAV failure and landing range. Given the particle assumption in the case of complete failure of the UAV, firstly, a dynamic model of the UAV trajectory descent with the initial position and velocity as the boundary value and the wind speed vector and the initial position as random variables was constructed, and the failure and landing range of the UAV were determined by Monte Carlo simulation. Secondly, a geometric method for determining the envelope of the UAV ground risk buffer was proposed, and the quantitative determination of the ground risk buffer of the entire UAV track was realized. Finally, the method proposed was verified by taking an aerial inspection route as example and compared with the buffer protection area of the UAV in different wind fields and under various operating conditions, the effect of uncertain wind field and its operating conditions on the ground crash range of the UAV was studied, and the ground risk buffer zone under different operating conditions was established. The results show that falling at higher speed and higher altitudes under stronger winds yields a wider impacting area and a larger ground risk buffer.

unmanned aerial vehicle  /  ground risk buffer  /  Monte Carlo simulation  /  uncertain wind field  /  track error
孟令航, 武春雁, 乔雷章, 张弘扬. 基于蒙特卡罗模拟的无人机地面风险缓冲区确定方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1290 -1297 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188
Ling-hang MENG, Chun-yan WU, Lei-zhang QIAO, Hong-yang ZHANG. Determination of Ground Risk Buffer for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Monte Carlo Simulation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1290 -1297 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188
近年来,无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)技术的飞速发展使得其在各个领域的应用逐渐普及,被广泛运用于电力巡线、农业植保、环境监测、执法巡检、应急救援等多个领域[1-5]。然而,无人机运行中往往面临复杂低空风场和电磁环境,导致无人机航迹的不确定性,诱发空中相撞和地面风险。JARUS[6](joint authorities for rule-making of unmanned systems)制定的特定类无人机运行风险评估(specific operations risk assessment, SORA)方法,是被广泛接受的无人机运行风险评估的框架性结构。但其针对地面风险的评估主要以定性方法和经验为主,地面缓冲保护区的确定相对保守。为支持无人机地面风险评估和制定相应风险缓解措施,有必要对无人机的失效坠地模式和坠地范围开展定量化研究。
针对无人机坠地范围的定量评估,国内外学者进行了探索性的研究。Xiao等[7]建立了城市物流无人机坠地模型,分析了风场、无人机质量、高度等因素对坠地范围的影响,并提出了相应的风险管理策略。Wang 等[8]研究了固定翼无人机在各类复杂风场条件下无人机失效航迹预测模型;Cour-Harbo 等[9]建立了不确定风场影响下无人机弹道坠地轨迹和坠地范围;Stefano等[10]研究了不同坠地模式下静态风场对无人机失效坠落轨迹的影响。苏成林等[11]研究了随机风场对无人机地面坠毁位置的作用程度。韩鹏等[12]考虑航迹误差建立了无人机坠地撞击点预测模型,分析不同航迹误差对地面撞击点位置的影响。王文涛等[13]考虑无人机运行过程中的各类导航、制导与控制误差,利用Monte-Carlo法确定无人机坠落范围区域,计算出了坠落的影响面积。总体上看,目前针对无人机坠地范围的研究仍然较为分散,主要考虑航迹误差或风场等单一要素的随机特征对无人机坠地范围的影响,且均将无人机视为质点或刚体模型。
现综合考虑航迹误差和风场不确定性,提出一种基于蒙特卡罗模拟的无人机地面风险缓冲区确定方法。首先,针对无人机动力系统失效情况下的质点假设,构建以初始位置和速度为边界值,以风速和位置为随机变量的无人机弹道下降动力学模型,并通过蒙特卡罗模拟确定满足95%置信度的无人机失效坠地范围;最后,按照一定的间距确定整条无人机航线上各点失效坠地范围,以各点95%置信区间的包络线围成的区域作为无人机计划航线的地面风险缓冲区。
无人机失效坠地的方式主要包括弹道下降、失控下降、伞降、飞离4种形式[14]。鉴于无人机结构的复杂性,目前关于无人机地面风险的相关研究大多将无人机的坠地动力学过程视为质点或刚体下降过程。无人机在离场、巡航、机场的弹道下降坠地标称轨迹为一抛物线,具体坠地点的分布受初始速度ν0方向、初始位置误差和不确定风场影响,并与无人机坠地动力学过程有关,如图1所示。
初始位置误差是指当无人机发生失效坠落时,由于自身的导航误差、控制偏差、作动延迟等因素,在纵向、侧向和垂直方向上产生的航迹偏差[15]。风场不确定性是指低空风速、风向受下垫面影响所产生的随机分布特征。无人机实际运行数据和某地区气象数据表明,二者均为正态随机变量。本文中将研究初始位置误差和低空不确定风场影响下,无人机坠地范围的分布特征,并进一步确定无人机航迹保护区,从而为无人机地面风险评估提供定量化支持。
由于当前无人机通信、导航、飞行控制等技术体制的异质性和运行环境的复杂性,无人机实际航迹保持能力表现出较大的异质性。借鉴有人机基于性能导航的概念,提出用航迹符合性表示无人机的总体位置偏差之一思路[16]。无人机的航迹符合性用无人机飞行中的真实位置与飞行计划而非测量位置的偏离程度及其置信水平表示。主要原因在于无人机运行中对于飞行计划的符合性水平是评价无人机运行风险的关键指标。用无人机航迹符合性表示无人机位置偏差,有助于简化安全监管工作的复杂性,降低无人机融入国家空域系统的成本,同时促进技术多样性发展。
实际运行中,可以将采集的“GNSS+RTK”的高精度测量位置视为无人机的真实位置,并以与计划航迹的偏差为样本点构成航迹偏差样本空间,以其三维方向的标准差的2倍作为无人机在特定空域运行时的航迹符合性。基于对某无人机企业实际航迹数据统计,无人机航迹符合性符合三维高斯分布[17],且在纵向、侧向和垂直3个方向相互独立。其分布可以描述为
$\begin{aligned} f(r)= & \frac{1}{\sqrt{(2 \pi)^{3}}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{|\boldsymbol{\Lambda}|}} \times \\ & \exp \left[-\frac{1}{2}(\boldsymbol{r}-\boldsymbol{\eta})^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{\Lambda}^{-1}(\boldsymbol{r}-\boldsymbol{\eta})\right] \end{aligned}$
式(1)中:r~N(η,Λ)为rD的期望为η、方差为Λ的三维位置向量的高斯分布,其中D代表无人机位置的三维向量空间。
风场用水平风速和风向二维矢量表示。受粗糙地表形态和低空大气参数昼夜激烈变动影响,低空风风速、风向具备随机性。在无统计风资料的情况下,可以使用全向风,即认为风在360°空间等可能分布,这样无人机坠地范围可以在高斯分布的基础上叠加风螺旋线表示[18]。本文中考虑能够获得统计风的情景,使用95%的概率风表示低空盛行风场。具体方法如下:
(1)首先对采集到的某地区的低空气象观测数据中的风场数据分季节和昼夜分时段分别进行风速、风向二维正态拟合[19],得到其不同季节、不同时段的分布参数。
(2)接着对各分布函数进行t检验,验证是否接受其符合正态分布的假设。
(3)该分布参数将被代入无人机坠地动力学方程,确定无人机坠地点的范围的随机分布。
无人机坠地风险缓冲区的预测方法。
以无人机起飞机场起飞点为坐标原点,按照东北天建立导航坐标系,用于描述无人机动力学和运动学方程。假定无人机在巡航过程中t0时刻在位置(x0,y0,z0)失去动力开始弹道坠落。将无人机视为质点模型,其失效坠落时仅受重力和三维方向的阻力共同作用下呈抛物线轨迹,受力分析情况如图2所示。
其弹道下降过程中在导航坐标系内的动力学方程可表示为
m d 2 x d t 2 = - D x m d 2 y d t 2 = - D y m d 2 z d t 2 = D z - G
式中:m为无人机的质量,kg;G为无人机的重力,N;xyz分别为无人机在坠落过程中三维方向的位移,m;t为无人机坠落时间,s;DxDyDz分别为无人机坠落过程中在受到的空气阻力,N。
风速表达式为
vw={vwx,vwy}={vwsinβ,vwcosβ}
空气阻力表达式为
D x = 1 2 C D S x ρ a ( v x + v w x ) 2 D y = 1 2 C D S y ρ a ( v y + v w y ) 2 D z = 1 2 C D S z ρ a v z 2
将式(4)代入式(1),得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} m \frac{\mathrm{~d}^{2} x}{\mathrm{~d} t^{2}}=-D_{x}=-\frac{1}{2} C_{D} S_{x} \rho_{\mathrm{a}}\left(v_{x}+v_{\mathrm{w} x}\right)^{2} \\ m \frac{\mathrm{~d}^{2} y}{\mathrm{~d} t^{2}}=-D_{y}=-\frac{1}{2} C_{D} S_{y} \rho_{\mathrm{a}}\left(v_{y}+v_{\mathrm{w} y}\right)^{2} \\ m \frac{\mathrm{~d}^{2} z}{\mathrm{~d} t^{2}}=D_{z}-G=\frac{1}{2} C_{D} S_{z} \rho_{\mathrm{a}} v_{z}^{2}-m g \end{array}\right.$
式中:CD为空气阻力系数;ρa为空气密度;g为重力加速度; vwvwxvwy分别为无人机在坠落过程中的总风速、x方向和y方向的风速分量;vxvyvz分别为无人机在三维方向上t时的速度; SxSySz分别为无人机在三维方向上的迎风面积;β为风速矢量与x轴之间的夹角。
初始速度边界条件为
{vx0,vy0,vz0}={v0cosθ,v0sinθ,0}
将无人机开始坠落时的初始位置(x0,y0,z0)代入式(2)中,可得t时刻无人机三维空间位置为
x = 2 m C D S x ρ a l n C D S x ρ a t 2 m ( v 0 c o s θ + v w c o s β ) + 1 -     v w c o s β t + x 0 y = 2 m C D S y ρ a l n C D S y ρ a t 2 m ( v 0 s i n θ + v w s i n β ) + 1 -     v w s i n β t + y 0 z = - 2 m C D S z ρ a l n c o s h C D S z ρ a g 2 m t + Z 0
式中:vx0vy0vz0分别为无人机在xyz方向上的初始速度,m/s;θ为无人机的航迹方向与x轴之间的夹角。
给定无人机开始坠落时初始高度z0可以求得无人机的坠地时间为
$\begin{aligned} t \mid z & =h-h_{0}=\sqrt{\frac{2 m}{C_{D} S_{z} \rho_{\mathrm{a}} g}} \\ & \ln \left\{\exp \left[\frac{C_{D} S_{z} \rho_{\mathrm{a}}\left(h-h_{0}-z_{0}\right)}{2 m}\right]+\right. \\ & \left.\sqrt{\exp \left[\frac{C_{D} S_{z} \rho_{\mathrm{a}}\left(h-h_{0}-z_{0}\right)}{m}\right]-1}\right\} \end{aligned}$
式中:h0为起飞机场标高,m;h为无人机在坠落点的标高,m;h-h0为无人机坠落点处距离地面的垂直距离,m。此时间段UAV在巡航运行下的横向、纵向运行的距离计算式为
x = 2 m C D S x ρ a l n C D S x ρ a t 2 m ( v 0 c o s θ + v w c o s β ) + 1 -     v w c o s β t + x 0 y = 2 m C D S y ρ a l n C D S y ρ a t 2 m ( v 0 s i n θ + v w s i n β ) + 1 -     v w s i n β t + y 0
在无人机航迹上按照一定的间距确定开始坠落位置点序列,根据各位置点的边界条件和式(9),可以计算无人机在各位置点失控时弹道下降的标称坠落位置。
由于初始坠落位置和低空风场均为正态随机变量,由式(9)可知,无人机坠地点的位置也为随机变量,但是无法通过解析方法确定其分布。拟通过蒙特卡罗模拟来确定从无人机航线上任意一点开始坠地时其撞击点范围。首先按照初始位置和低空风场分布分别生成大量伪随机数据,构造无人机弹道坠地动力学过程的边界条件样本空间Ω5=[x0,y0,z0,vwx,vwy]。利用式(9)求Ω5的象空间Ω2,得到无人机在风场和航迹误差条件下的坠落轨迹和坠地范围。
图3所示为部分连续初始故障点处的无人机地面撞击区域蒙特卡罗模拟结果,可见其撞击点范围并非正圆,主要原因在于本文中采用概率风而非全向风。因此,拟利用椭圆描述撞击点的置信边界。对于任一初始位置对应的撞击范围Ω2,首先建立通过其几何中心(xm,ym)、与x轴夹角为ζ的直线簇(xm,ym,ζ),将Ω2上所有点投影在直线上,统计投影点与几何中心(xm,ym)距离的标准差。以(xm,ym)为中心,以最大标准差和最小标准差的2倍分别为长半轴与短半轴半径,对应最大标准差投影方向及其正交方向绘制椭圆形地面撞击范围的置信边界,置信度为95%(图4)。
通过对整条航线的Monte-Carlo模拟,可得到无人机在整条航线上的各撞击点分布区域。绘制所有撞击点分布区域的外包络线得到的封闭区域即为无人机整条航迹的坠地缓冲保护区,如图5所示。
以航大汉来(天津)航空技术有限公司巡检业务的真实航迹和无人机性能数据为基础,采集该区域实际风场统计数据,在MATLAB平台上验证相关模型和方法。
以航大汉来(天津)航空技术有限公司型号为H713-100的无人机2023年度在天津市东丽区电力巡检GNSS(global navigation satellite system)单点定位数据作为实际航迹数据,以该区域GNSS+RTK(real-time kinemati)数据作为基准航迹数据,评估其单点定位误差,作为无人机开始坠落时的初始定位误差。经正态回归和方差检验,其水平航迹符合性为σx=σy=2 m,垂直航迹符合性为σz=5 m,置信度95%。实施蒙特卡罗模拟所需的样本点计算公式 [20]
n= z 0.05 2[max{σx,σy,σz}]2/e2
式(10)中:z0.05=1.96为95%置信水平下的置信区间;e=0.1,为允许的抽样误差,可得满足显著性差异水平的正态随机样本不应少于9 604。
无人机执行飞行任务的时间段为2023年6月8日08∶00—10∶00时。在国家气象信息中心网站上巡检区域内该时段的风向和风速的数据并对其进行正态回归和方差检验,可算得6月08∶00—10∶00时的风速和风向的概率密度函数分别为
f(ω)= 1 2 π × 1.93 e - 1 2 ( ω - 2.97 1.93 ) 2
f(β)= 1 2 π × 56.404   6 e - 1 2 ( β - 114.074   1 56.404   6 ) 2
e=0.03,利用式(12)可得满足显著性水平所需产生的正态随机样本不应少于19 365。
为探究不确定风场对无人机坠地风险位置的影响,需要对比在不同月份的风场下建立的缓冲保护区。因不同季节的气象条件和风场条件下可能有很大差异,因此收集不同季节的数据可以更好地反映整个年度的气象变化趋势。按照上述获得风场分布的流程,算得在3、9、12 月内08∶00—10∶00时的风速和风向的概率密度函数。
3月08∶00—10∶00时的风速和风向的概率密度函数分别为
f(ω)= 1 2 π × 1.83 e - 1 2 ω - 3.2 1.83 2
f(β)= 1 2 π × 71.22 e - 1 2 β - 198.17 71.22 2
9月08∶00—10∶00时的风速和风向的概率密度函数分别为
f(ω)= 1 2 π × 2.31 e - 1 2 ω - 3.93 2.13 2
f(β)= 1 2 π × 73.289 e - 1 2 β - 162.22 73.289 2
12月08∶00—10∶00时的风速和风向的概率密度函数分别为
f(ω)= 1 2 π × 3.81 e - 1 2 ω - 6.08 3.81 2
f(β)= 1 2 π × 28.944 e - 1 2 β - 242.21 28.944 2
H713-100为垂直起降无人机,相关参数如表1所示。
巡检航线高度为120 m,航线长度往返9 km,按照60 m间隔在整条航线上设置150个弹道下降坠落初始位置,如图6所示。无人机巡航步骤如下。
(1)分别生成由20 000组无人机三维航迹符合性、风速、风向构成的五维边界条件实验样本空间。
(2)针对所有弹道下降初始位置,将20 000组初始条件样本代入式(8)、式(9),分别为150个初始坠落位置产生20 000个地面撞击点。图7所示为选择其中4个初始位置对应的地面撞击范围示例。
(3)按照4中所述方法确定150个坠地范围的95%的椭圆置信边界,如图8所示。
(4)分别绘制在6、9、12月所有地面撞击区域的包络线,即可得到无人机地面风险缓冲区域,如图9所示。
(5)根据上述流程,绘制6月无人机分别在90 m、35 m/s运行条件下的地面风险缓冲区域,如图10图11所示。
实验结果表明,受风场和航迹符合性误差的共同影响,无人机地面撞击范围并非单一规则形状,在空间分布上表现出沿飞行方向地面撞击范围快速扩张趋势。无人机从所有故障点坠落到地面的风险范围并非呈现绝对一致的排列,而是随着飞行方向的变化而有所变动,整体而言,坠地范围随着巡航航线的走向,呈现出一定的变化趋势。根据图7所示,在静风条件下,无人机的坠地范围呈现规则的椭圆形,而在不确定风场的影响下,无人机的坠地范围呈现不规则的图形。在相同风场条件下,根据图9~图11对比,无人机在初始运行速度更大和高度更高时,其坠地范围更大,风险缓冲区的面积更大。在初始运行速度和高度一定的情况下,风速和风向的均值越大,随机性越强,其坠地范围和建立的风险缓冲区扩大。
通过结合实际风场分布特征,建立不确定风场下无人机坠地范围预测模型,构建不同运行条件下的风险缓冲区,综合得到如下结论。
(1)在有风条件下的地面撞击范围显著大于静风条件下的地面撞击范围,说明风是影响无人机地面坠地范围的主要因素。
(2)在不同风场分布的条件下,无人机坠地范围的大小和方向各不相同。风速的均值越高,风速和风向的标准差越大,无人机坠毁后在地面的覆盖范围越广,建立的地面风险缓冲区的面积越大。
(3)在不同初始运行条件下,如初始飞行速度、高度的条件下,无人机的坠地范围也呈现不同程度的变化。其飞行高度只影响坠地范围的大小,飞行高度增高,无人机坠毁后在地面的覆盖范围显著增大,建立的地面风险缓冲区面积越大;速度则影响坠地范围的大小和形状,飞行速度增大,导致坠地范围显著增大,其形状也会发生改变,建立的地面风险缓冲区面积显著增大。
本文的研究前提是无人机为质点模型并采用抛物线坠落方式,风场数据采用当地气象观测结果,其粒度较大。因而按照本方法确定的无人机坠地风险缓冲区与实际情况仍有一定偏差。下一步将考虑针对不同构型的无人机,通过物理实验验证质点模型坠地范围与实际坠地范围的符合性。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4300904)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王飞, 杨清平, 基于改进粒子群算法的城市物流无人机路径规划[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(30): 13187-13194.
Wang Fei, Yang Qingping. Route planning of urban logistics unmanned aerial vehicle based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(30): 13187-13194.
[2]
韩鹏, 张冰玉. 基于改进蚁群算法的无人机安全航路规划研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(1) : 24-29.
Han Peng, Zhang Bingyu. Safety route planning of UAV based on improved ant colony algorithm[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(1): 24-29.
[3]
Tan Y H, Lai S P, Wang K L, et al. Cooperative control of multiple unmanned aerial systems for heavy duty carrying[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2018, 46: 44-57.
[4]
Xu C C, Liao X H, Ye H P, et al. Iterative construction of low altitude UAV air route network in urban areas: case planning and assessment[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(9): 1534-1552.
[5]
张宏宏, 甘旭升, 李双峰, 等. 复杂低空环境下考虑区域风险评估的无人机航路规划[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2021, 42(1): 257-266.
Zhang Honghong, Gan Xusheng, Li Shuangfeng, et al. UAV route planning considering regional risk assessment in complex low altitude environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2021, 42(1): 257-266.
[6]
Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems. Guidelines on specific operations risk assessment[Z]. Online: Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, 2019.
[7]
Xiao L Y, Tian H C, Fei G. Evaluation of the urban UAV risk management based on the numerical simulation of the falling process[J]. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, 2020, 17(7): 370-383.
[8]
Wang B, Kharchenko V, Kukush A, et al. Unmanned aerial vehicles trajectory analysis considering missing data[J]. Transport, 2019, 34(2): 155-162.
[9]
Cour-Harbo A L. Ground impact probability distribution for small unmanned aircraft in ballistic descent[C]// International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems(ICUAS’20). Athens: International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2020: 1442-1451.
[10]
Stefano P, Alessandro R, Anders L C. Ground risk map for unmanned aircraft in urban environments[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2020, 97(3): 489-509.
[11]
苏成林, 王志, 刘洋. 随机风速风向对无人机地面风险作用效果研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 101-108.
Su Chenglin, Wang Zhi, Liu Yang. Study on the effect of random wind speed and direction on ground risk of unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Safety Sciences, 2023, 33(8): 101-108.
[12]
韩鹏, 张冰玉. 航迹误差对无人机坠地伤人风险评估的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(2): 106-111.
Han Peng, Zhang Bingyu. The impact of trajectory error on the risk assessment of unmanned aerial vehicle ground injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Safety Sciences, 2021, 31(2): 106-111.
[13]
王文涛, 甘旭升, 吴亚荣, 等. 考虑不确定性的低空无人机运行风险评估方法[J]. 现代防御技术, 2022, 50(5): 14-21.
Wang Wentao, Gan Xusheng, Wu Yarong, et al. Risk assessment method for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle operation considering uncertainty[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2022, 50(5): 14-21.
[14]
Courharbo A L. Quantifying risk of ground impact fatalities for small unmanned aircraft[J]. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 2019, 93(1-2): 367-384.
[15]
Wang C H J, Ng E M, Low K H. Investigation and modeling of flight technical error(FTE) associated with UAS operating with and without pilot guidance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 70(12): 12389-12401.
[16]
Zhang N, Liu H, Ng B F, et al. Collision probability between intruding drone and commercial aircraft in airport restricted area based on collision-course trajectory planning[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2020, 120: 102736.
[17]
赵嶷飞, 徐永祥, 王红勇. 基于航迹误差的空中交通冲突风险计算方法研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2016, 16(3): 16-19.
Zhao Yifei, Xu Yongxiang, Wang Hongyong. On the air traffic conflict risk calculation method based on the track deviation study[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016, 16(3): 16-19.
[18]
International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO).Aircraft operations: 8168[S]. Quebec: ICAO, 2018.
[19]
杨筝. 地形对近地面风场特征影响的探究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2022.
Yang Zheng. Study on the influence of topography on the characteristics of near surface wind field[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2022.
[20]
朱陆陆. 蒙特卡洛方法及应用[D]. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2014.
Zhu Lulu. Monte Carlo methods and applications[D]. Wuhan: Central China Normal University, 2014.
2025年第25卷第3期
PDF下载
427
176
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
  • 修回日期:2024-06-05
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4300904)
作者信息
    中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津 300300
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402188
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏