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Article(id=1156908036192293198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402678, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712937600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-13, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757970139, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757970139, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757970139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757970139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1174, endPage=1179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908036943073617, articleId=1156908036192293198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Creep Behavior of Aluminum Wood Composite Columns and Its Prediction Model Construction, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The creep of wood under the action of long-term load will increase the deformation of wooden beams or wooden columns, and bring hidden safety risks to the building structure. In order to improve the creep performance of wood components, an aluminum wood composite columns (AWC) was designed to make AWC with 0,2%, 3%, 3% and 4% respectively. The creep test of 0.25 stress ratio of the lower column lasted 30 days. The creep strain-time curve and creep coefficient-time curve were obtained and the AWC creep pattern was analyzed. Burgers model was used to fit the creep strain-time curve to explore the influence of aluminum alloy content on AWC creep, and analyze the causes of AWC int creep inhibition from AWC material characteristics and load transfer. The results show that, compared with AWC 1 with aluminum alloy content of 0, the creep deformation of AWC 2 ~ AWC 4 decreases to different degrees, that is, aluminum alloy can effectively enhance the creep deformation ability of wood; The four AWC creep strain-time curve correlation coefficient based on burgers model are greater than 0.95, and the creep prediction model constructed by this model can predict the AWC creep.

, correspAuthors=Guo-lin XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-yi LI, Guo-lin XU, Shun-chao CHEN, Yu-jie LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908104790135628, articleId=1156908036192293198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=铝-木组合柱蠕变性能及其预测模型构建, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

木材在长期荷载作用下产生的蠕变会使木梁或木柱的变形增大,给建筑结构带来安全隐患。为改善木构件的蠕变性能,设计一种铝合金-木组合柱(aluminum wood composite columns,AWC),制作铝合金含量分别为0、2%、3%、4%的AWC,开展0.25应力比下柱的蠕变试验,试验持续时间30 d。获取蠕变应变-时间曲线和蠕变系数-时间曲线,分析AWC蠕变变化规律。采用Burgers模型对蠕变应变-时间曲线进行拟合,探究铝合金含量对AWC蠕变影响;从AWC材料特性和荷载传递两个方面分析铝合金对AWC蠕变抑制的原因。结果表明:与铝合金含量为0的AWC1相比,AWC2~AWC4蠕变变形呈现不同程度减小,即铝合金能有效增强木材抵抗蠕变变形能力;基于Burgers模型拟合的4条AWC蠕变应变-时间曲线相关系数均大于0.95,且以此模型构建的AWC铝合金蠕变预测模型能较好地预测AWC蠕变。

, correspAuthors=徐国林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 徐国林(1977—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:工程结构抗震。E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Vc15y/mCqVzt6dU2f/nNGg==, magXml=UTFEzRFUMNZmUJio7KI4Cg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Oyub284bBMnHRWhrgWA4Tw==, pdfFileSize=5840396, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7a0+M4yQRNBFJ4OIOAyJ6w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=axMXf6IW74ifWTOZwaNF9w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李洪毅(2000—),男,汉族,云南昭通人,硕士研究生。研究方向:木材蠕变分析。E-mail:。

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李洪毅(2000—),男,汉族,云南昭通人,硕士研究生。研究方向:木材蠕变分析。E-mail:。

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李洪毅(2000—),男,汉族,云南昭通人,硕士研究生。研究方向:木材蠕变分析。E-mail:。

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Materials, 2021, 14(4): 983., articleTitle=Experimental and analytical study on creep characteristics of box section bamboo-steel composite columns under long-term loading, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204780276896477260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, awardId=52268051, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52268051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1204780277009723472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, awardId=2024Y604, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2024Y604), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780264338731798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264351314712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, companyId=1204780264338731798, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780264359703324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, companyId=1204780264338731798, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南林业大学土木工程学院, 昆明 650224)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1204780268436566991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Specimen diagram, figureFileSmall=1pOhiuNbaUDGpXS/PSv+4g==, figureFileBig=MO7MK+GF27ESRAJym3frzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270370141147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试件示意图

b表示铝合金宽度,t表示铝合金厚度

, figureFileSmall=1pOhiuNbaUDGpXS/PSv+4g==, figureFileBig=MO7MK+GF27ESRAJym3frzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270487581665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Test loading diagram, figureFileSmall=FLx+rgnPhrykRYhkrS6MPg==, figureFileBig=BoIcVd4Mjgs7PI9YfXFpHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270575662061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图2, caption=试验加载示意图, figureFileSmall=FLx+rgnPhrykRYhkrS6MPg==, figureFileBig=BoIcVd4Mjgs7PI9YfXFpHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270684713970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Creep-time curve of AWC, figureFileSmall=istktJ6sk6O3JNk/anuH6Q==, figureFileBig=Cck7DRwpGZtGyzSxv1HdfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780270818931705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图3, caption=AWC蠕变应变-时间曲线, figureFileSmall=istktJ6sk6O3JNk/anuH6Q==, figureFileBig=Cck7DRwpGZtGyzSxv1HdfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272043668478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Burgers mechanical model, figureFileSmall=oCDX1gUs8V7Lwk7MtsbR3A==, figureFileBig=x1U1LGpeRHNppcgE3SOXig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272156913666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Burgers力学模型, figureFileSmall=oCDX1gUs8V7Lwk7MtsbR3A==, figureFileBig=x1U1LGpeRHNppcgE3SOXig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272282742793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Creep-time fitting curve of AWC, figureFileSmall=BB54ANdxHeGpcJM61CVOhg==, figureFileBig=LSCir1vlEXydu8i18re5eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272383406094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AWC蠕变应变-时间拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=BB54ANdxHeGpcJM61CVOhg==, figureFileBig=LSCir1vlEXydu8i18re5eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272488263702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Creep coefficient-time curve of AWC, figureFileSmall=7AETdKwEJXf362F9HxZHPA==, figureFileBig=GC7WLBB0pPShPunPw8JUtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272605704218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图6, caption=AWC蠕变系数-时间曲线, figureFileSmall=7AETdKwEJXf362F9HxZHPA==, figureFileBig=GC7WLBB0pPShPunPw8JUtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272677007392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Relation curve between fitting parameters and aluminum alloy content, figureFileSmall=McwulVd31bWB9fl9q1u+oQ==, figureFileBig=jJAQEpsYFVzHg8FH7kMjyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272769282084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图7, caption=拟合参数与铝合金含量的关系曲线, figureFileSmall=McwulVd31bWB9fl9q1u+oQ==, figureFileBig=jJAQEpsYFVzHg8FH7kMjyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272861556774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=AWC creep-time prediction curve for 2.5% and 3.5% aluminum alloy content, figureFileSmall=IR5AAC+hvI1UkDaMphuVIA==, figureFileBig=0C9gujYLIjYzV4RWjYPj7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780272987385896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=图8, caption=铝合金含量2.5%和3.5%的AWC蠕变-时间预测曲线, figureFileSmall=IR5AAC+hvI1UkDaMphuVIA==, figureFileBig=0C9gujYLIjYzV4RWjYPj7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204780273083854892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Specimen parameters and loading levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 b/mm t/mm P/kN ρAl/% 试验项目
AWC1 — — 86.72 0 蠕变
AWC2 50 2 89.96 2 蠕变
AWC3 50 3 95.09 3 蠕变
AWC4 50 4 101.18 4 蠕变
AWC5 — — 0 0 空载
AWC6 50 2 0 2 空载
AWC7 50 3 0 3 空载
AWC8 50 4 0 4 空载
), ArticleFig(id=1204780273222266930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

构件参数和加载水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号 b/mm t/mm P/kN ρAl/% 试验项目
AWC1 — — 86.72 0 蠕变
AWC2 50 2 89.96 2 蠕变
AWC3 50 3 95.09 3 蠕变
AWC4 50 4 101.18 4 蠕变
AWC5 — — 0 0 空载
AWC6 50 2 0 2 空载
AWC7 50 3 0 3 空载
AWC8 50 4 0 4 空载
), ArticleFig(id=1204780273327124532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting parameters of Burgers model of AWC creep

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 a/10-4 b/10-6 c/10-5 d R2
AWC1 10.560 10.014 6.151 0.116 0.976
AWC2 9.865 6.889 4.365 0.133 0.980
AWC3 9.183 6.690 2.523 1.825 0.983
AWC4 8.369 4.969 2.655 4.551 0.957
), ArticleFig(id=1204780273457147961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

AWC蠕变的Burgers模型拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 a/10-4 b/10-6 c/10-5 d R2
AWC1 10.560 10.014 6.151 0.116 0.976
AWC2 9.865 6.889 4.365 0.133 0.980
AWC3 9.183 6.690 2.523 1.825 0.983
AWC4 8.369 4.969 2.655 4.551 0.957
), ArticleFig(id=1204780273566199870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fitting results of Burgers model parameters

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拟合表达式 R2
a=-0.536ω+10.701 0.954
b=-1.205ω+9.851 0.959
c=-0.959ω+6.082 0.922
d=0.114-1.077ω+0.547ω2 0.999
), ArticleFig(id=1204780273717194820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908036192293198, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Burgers模型参数拟合结果

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拟合表达式 R2
a=-0.536ω+10.701 0.954
b=-1.205ω+9.851 0.959
c=-0.959ω+6.082 0.922
d=0.114-1.077ω+0.547ω2 0.999
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铝-木组合柱蠕变性能及其预测模型构建
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李洪毅 , 徐国林 * , 陈顺超 , 林宇杰
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(3): 1174-1179
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(3): 1174-1179
铝-木组合柱蠕变性能及其预测模型构建
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李洪毅 , 徐国林* , 陈顺超, 林宇杰
作者信息
  • 西南林业大学土木工程学院, 昆明 650224

    • 李洪毅(2000—),男,汉族,云南昭通人,硕士研究生。研究方向:木材蠕变分析。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 徐国林(1977—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:工程结构抗震。E-mail:。
Creep Behavior of Aluminum Wood Composite Columns and Its Prediction Model Construction
Hong-yi LI , Guo-lin XU* , Shun-chao CHEN, Yu-jie LIN
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402678
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摘要
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木材在长期荷载作用下产生的蠕变会使木梁或木柱的变形增大,给建筑结构带来安全隐患。为改善木构件的蠕变性能,设计一种铝合金-木组合柱(aluminum wood composite columns,AWC),制作铝合金含量分别为0、2%、3%、4%的AWC,开展0.25应力比下柱的蠕变试验,试验持续时间30 d。获取蠕变应变-时间曲线和蠕变系数-时间曲线,分析AWC蠕变变化规律。采用Burgers模型对蠕变应变-时间曲线进行拟合,探究铝合金含量对AWC蠕变影响;从AWC材料特性和荷载传递两个方面分析铝合金对AWC蠕变抑制的原因。结果表明:与铝合金含量为0的AWC1相比,AWC2~AWC4蠕变变形呈现不同程度减小,即铝合金能有效增强木材抵抗蠕变变形能力;基于Burgers模型拟合的4条AWC蠕变应变-时间曲线相关系数均大于0.95,且以此模型构建的AWC铝合金蠕变预测模型能较好地预测AWC蠕变。

铝合金-木组合柱(AWC)  /  蠕变性能  /  Burgers模型  /  蠕变系数  /  蠕变预测模型

The creep of wood under the action of long-term load will increase the deformation of wooden beams or wooden columns, and bring hidden safety risks to the building structure. In order to improve the creep performance of wood components, an aluminum wood composite columns (AWC) was designed to make AWC with 0,2%, 3%, 3% and 4% respectively. The creep test of 0.25 stress ratio of the lower column lasted 30 days. The creep strain-time curve and creep coefficient-time curve were obtained and the AWC creep pattern was analyzed. Burgers model was used to fit the creep strain-time curve to explore the influence of aluminum alloy content on AWC creep, and analyze the causes of AWC int creep inhibition from AWC material characteristics and load transfer. The results show that, compared with AWC 1 with aluminum alloy content of 0, the creep deformation of AWC 2 ~ AWC 4 decreases to different degrees, that is, aluminum alloy can effectively enhance the creep deformation ability of wood; The four AWC creep strain-time curve correlation coefficient based on burgers model are greater than 0.95, and the creep prediction model constructed by this model can predict the AWC creep.

aluminum wood composite columns(AWC)  /  creep property  /  Burgers model  /  Creep coefficient  /  prediction model of creep
李洪毅, 徐国林, 陈顺超, 林宇杰. 铝-木组合柱蠕变性能及其预测模型构建. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1174 -1179 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402678
Hong-yi LI, Guo-lin XU, Shun-chao CHEN, Yu-jie LIN. Creep Behavior of Aluminum Wood Composite Columns and Its Prediction Model Construction[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1174 -1179 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402678
正文
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木材具有轻质高强、易于加工和绿色环保的优点,广泛应用于学校、体育馆、图书馆、展览厅走道门廊、桥梁、户外景观设施等建筑结构[1]。但木材具有黏弹性力学特性,在长期荷载作用下易于发生较大蠕变变形,为建筑结构安全埋下安全隐患。
为改善木材的蠕变特性,学者们开展了不同条件下蠕变试验。例如,刁海林等[2]探讨了水浸时效对红锥木材蠕变性能的影响,发现红锥木材经水浸时效处理后,其抗瞬间弹性变形能力、抗延迟弹性变形能力及抗长期黏性变形的能力都能得到增强。那斌等[3]为改良杨木的蠕变性能,用不同浓度酚醛树脂胶(phenol-formaldehyde,PF)和浓度为30%的脲醛树脂胶对试件进行处理,发现在相同试验条件下,经过PF处理的试件较未做处理的试件其抗蠕变变形能力都有所提高。Dong等[4]用30%的糠醇溶液处理杨木,在不同的相对湿度条件下,测试了不同应力水平下的普通蠕变(normal creep,NC)和机械吸附蠕变(mechano-sorptive creep,MSC),试验和分析结果表明,在相同的10%应力水平和65%~98%相对湿度变化范围内,糠醇化木材的最大MSC挠度分别比未处理木材低72.3%和72.2%。Plevris等[5]开展恒定环境条件下碳纤维布(carbon fibre reinforced plastics,CFRP)加固对木材梁蠕变试验,发现CFRP的面积分数略高于1%,构件总挠度降低40%左右,蠕变挠度降低50%以上。张富文等[6]开展钢板加固木梁长时间受力性能试验,由试验结果得到,加固试件的最终挠度相比未加固试件降低28.94%。虽然水浸时效、浸胶处理、外加CRFP或钢板等能改善木材的蠕变性能,但水浸时效这种借助于较长时间内水和微生物的作用改良木材蠕变变形的方法,浸泡时间长,适用于一些轮船和高档家具;浸胶处理制作工业要求高且过程烦琐,能否用于建筑结构承重构件还有待商榷;外加CFRP或钢板使木结构原有外貌发生改变,且钢板易于腐蚀和生锈,而钢和木材的异型组合结构难于加工,使其用途受到限制。为此,在原有改善木构件蠕变特性方法存在不足的情况下,探索新的改善木构件蠕变特性方法十分必要。
近年来,铝-木组合结构构件在逐渐兴起,主要应用于复合梁、腐蚀性环境中的结构、房屋建筑结构。国内外学者开展了铝-木组合柱[7-8]铝-木组合梁[9-11]等组合形式的研究,研究发现其有较好的力学性能,能够满足建筑结构设计要求。与钢-木组合结构相比,铝-木组合结构耐腐蚀性好,铝合金强度高于钢材[8]和易于挤压成型,有着较为广泛的应用前景。
因此,为探索提高木构件抵抗蠕变变形能力的方法,提出一种由铝合金板和木材黏结而成的组合柱,木材中内嵌铝合金板,以截面铝合金含量为参数分析铝合金-木组合柱(aluminum wood composite columns,AWC)的蠕变规律,对蠕变应变-时间曲线进行非线性拟合,通过试验探究铝合金含量不同对AWC蠕变性能的影响,分析铝合金对木材蠕变的抑制机理。
1 试验概况
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1.1 试件设计与制作
参考《木结构试验方法标准》(GB/T 50329—2012)轴心压杆实验,制作8根AWC进行蠕变试验,AWC截面尺寸为100 mm×100 mm,柱高600 mm,柱试件如图1所示。AWC中铝合金为6061T6、木材为云南思茅松。选用同一批规格材制作构件,其含水率测得10%~11%。用按1∶1比例搅拌均匀的环氧树脂AB胶粘接铝合金和木材[12]。制作AWC时在粘接之前,对木材进行开槽处理,预留出铝合金的位置,然后将涂抹环氧树脂胶黏剂的铝合金与木板进行组装,用夹具均匀施压进行固化,放置在常温条件下7 d。为使构件加载过程中受力均匀,待构件固化完成后,将其上下表面打磨成平面。AWC构件编号及其模型参数如表1所示。
目前,中国没有木构件蠕变相关试验规范,在确定AWC加载荷载时,参考钢管混凝土徐变试验。考虑到长期高应力水平作用下可能导致试件木材压缩开裂[4],取AWC极限荷载的25%作为试验加载荷载,极限荷载通过短期承载力试验获得。为尽量消除温度和湿度对AWC蠕变的影响,开展AWC5-8空载试验,其测试结果用于扣除自然条件下木材吸湿作用引起的变形。
1.2 试验设备及加载方案
由于本次试验要求的最大荷载大于100 kN,为满足试验荷载要求,采用混凝土徐变仪为试验加载装置。该装置主要由上、中、下加载板、螺杆、底部弹簧、液压千斤顶、应变采集仪组成。试验中在试件的左右两侧布置应变传感器,并在与传感器相对应位置,布置位移计,加载图如图2所示。传感器型号为表面型智能弦式应变计JMZX-212HAT,位移计用于前期验证传感器数据准确性,最终采集数据为传感器应变。
在开展试验之前先对试件进行预处理,将试件放入恒温恒湿箱静置7 d。试验中采用液压千斤顶施加荷载,通过底部弹簧进行保载,加载速度500 N/s,在正式加载之前,先对试件进行1/10试验荷载的预加载,待左、右传感器应变读数差值小于均值的20%,卸载至0,再以此加载速度加载至试验荷载。持续时间为30 d,利用DSC无线数据采集软件收集试验数据,采集间隔为30 min。
2 试验结果
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将采集的AWC1~AWC4试验数据,利用铝合金含量与之相同的AWC5~AWC8扣除木材受到温度和湿度影响而发生的变形。绘制出铝合金含量不同的AWC蠕变应变-时间变化曲线,如图3所示。可以看出:①在相同应力水平下,AWC的蠕变随时间的变化规律相似,蠕变均随着时间的增加在持续增大;②与铝合金含量为0的AWC1相比,AWC2~AWC4蠕变变形呈现不同程度减小。持续载荷30 d时,AWC2~AWC4的蠕变值相较于AWC1分别减小13.4%、19.1%、27.4%,说明铝合金对木材蠕变有抑制作用;③随着持续载荷时间增长,AWC2~AWC4的蠕变与AWC1蠕变差值越大。说明持续载荷时间越长,铝合金对木材蠕变抑制作用越明显。
3 蠕变理论分析
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3.1 蠕变模型
木材是一种生物高分子聚合物材料,具有黏弹性力学特性,其力学行为可用胡克弹性体和牛顿阻尼器以多种组合形式来模拟[13],如Maxwell模型、Kelvin模型、三参数固体模型和Burgers模型。其中,Maxwell模型可很好地模拟材料的弹性变形和黏性变形,Kelvin模型能较好地模拟材料黏弹性变形,三参数固体模型可分析材料瞬时弹性变形和黏弹性变形[14]。木材蠕变由三部分组成,即瞬时弹性变形、黏弹性变形和黏性变形,前三种模型单独使用时都不能完全描述木材的蠕变特性。Maxwell模型和Kelvin模型两者结合组成的Burgers模型能较好地模拟木质材料的蠕变,因此选用Burgers模型分析AWC蠕变(图4),其应力和应变关系分别为
ε=ε1+ε2+ε3
ε1= σ E e
σ=ηv ε · 2
σ=Edeε3+ηde ε · 3
式中:ε为总应变;ε1为瞬时弹性应变;ε2为黏性应变;ε3为黏弹性应变;σ为应力;Ee为瞬时弹性模量;ηv黏性系数;Ede为延时弹性模量;ηde为黏弹性系数。
对式(1)~式(4)进行Laplace变换与逆变换,采用微分算子进行运算,整理后得到Burgers模型本构方程为
σ+ η v E e + η v + η d e E d e σ ·+ η v η d e E e E d e σ · ·=ηv ε ·+ η v η d e E d e ε · ·
当t>0时,将 σ ·=0代入式(5)进行积分,再由t=0瞬时弹性的初始条件ε(0)=σ0/Ee得
ε(t)=σ 1 E e + t η v + 1 E d e ( 1 - e - t τ ' )
式中:ε为t时刻应变;t为时间;τ'=ηde/Ede为黏弹性系数。
将式(6)转化为
ε(t)=a+bt+c(1-e-dt)
式(7)中:a为瞬时应变;b为与黏性应变相关参数;c和d为与黏弹性应变相关参数。
3.2 试验数据Burgers模型拟合
基于式(7),对AWC蠕变应变-时间曲线进行拟合,拟合曲线如图5所示,拟合参数见表2。从图5中可以看出拟合曲线和试验曲线基本一致,且拟合相关系数R2均大于0.95,这说明Burgers模型能较好地模拟AWC的蠕变行为。
由表2可知,参数a随铝合金含量的增大而减小,即铝合金的含量越大,AWC的瞬时弹性变形就越小。在相同应力水平下,参数b和c随着铝合金含量的增大而减小,参数d随着铝合金含量的增大而增大,特别是铝合金含量2%~4%,参数d明显增大,这说明AWC的黏性变形和黏弹性变形随铝合金含量的增大而减小。
3.3 铝合金含量对AWC蠕变的影响
为探究AWC中铝合金含量对蠕变变形的影响,将AWC的蠕变系数[15]定义为
k(t)= δ ( t ) - δ 0 δ 0
式中:δ(t)为在时间t时的总变形;δ0为构件的初始瞬时弹性变形。
由式(8)可得,AWC的蠕变-系数时间曲线如图6所示,可以看出:随着时间的增加,所有AWC的蠕变系数为逐渐增大,与AWC1蠕变系数终值相比,AWC4蠕变系数终值减小35.85%,这表明铝合金对AWC蠕变有较大影响;在试件加载初期出现AWC4的蠕变系数略大于AWC1,主要是AWC4的初始缺陷造成的偏心受压,其余的AWC的蠕变系数均小于AWC1的蠕变系数,从而也说明铝合金增强了AWC的抵抗蠕变变形能力。
下面从两方面分析铝合金对AWC蠕变抑制机理。一从材料力学特性方面。铝合金弹性模量大于木材弹性模量,可显著提升构件强度和刚度。设t时刻AWC蠕变变形为ΔL(t),根据变形协调条件,有
ΔL(t)= N A l H E A l A A l= N c H E c A c= N H E k A
式(9)中:EAl和Ec分别为铝合金和木材的弹性模量;Ek为AWC名义弹性模量;AAl、Ac、A分别为铝合金、木材和AWC的截面面积;N为AWC受到的轴向压力;Nc、NAl分别为木材、铝合金所受内力;H为试件高度。
基于弹性力学理论,AWC名义弹性模量计算公式[16]为
Ek=EAl ρAl+Ec(1-ρAl)
由式(9)和式(10)可知,在木材中内铝合金板能增大构件名义弹性模量,且随着铝合金含量增加,AWC名义弹性模量越大,使t时刻AWC蠕变变形减小。
二从荷载传递方面,在0.25应力比加载条件下,AWC处于线弹性阶段。从加载到卸载,铝合金和木材两种材料之间有足够黏结力,无相对滑移,两者共同变形与受力,加载满足平截面假设。金属在常温条件下不产生蠕变变形[17],而木材的泊松比大于铝合金泊松比,随着荷载的持续加载,受木材蠕变影响,将会受到铝合金的横向约束从而处于复杂应力状态。此时木材和铝合金之间发生内力重分布,木材发生一定的内力卸载,因此使得木材蠕变减小。
3.4 AWC铝合金蠕变预测模型
由Burgers模型拟合得到的蠕变方程能描述长期荷载作用下AWC蠕变行为,但不能预测铝合金含量不同的AWC蠕变。为建立AWC蠕变模型通用表达式,假设Burgers模型的四个参数与铝合金含量存在函数关系。建立表达式时以铝合金含量ω为横坐标,Burgers模型参数a、b、c、d为纵坐标,得到各参数随铝合金含量变化的关系,如图7所示。
由图7可知,在相同应力条件下,随着铝合金含量的增大,Burgers模型拟合参数a、b和c相应地成线性减小,而拟合参数d随着铝合金含量的增大而增大。从Burgers模型拟合参数随铝合金含量变化的关系来看,提高铝合金的含量能够有效抑制木材的蠕变,增强AWC的抵抗蠕变变形能力。拟合表2的数据,得到Burgers模型参数与铝合金含量ω的关系式,拟合结果如表3所示。
为了验证拟合表达式的适用性和正确性,在应力比0.25时,对铝合金含量2.5%和3.5%的蠕变曲线进行预测。将表3中拟合表达式代入式(7),得到AWC铝合金蠕变预测模型为
ε(t)=(-0.536ω+10.701)×10-4+(-1.205ω+9.851)×10-6t+(-0.959ω+6.082)×10-5×[1- e - ( 0.114 - 1.077 ω + 0.547 ω 2 ) t]
利用式(11)得到0.25应力比条件下铝合金含量为2.5%和3.5%AWC蠕变预测曲线,如图8所示,从中可以得出,铝合金含量2.5%的蠕变预测曲线介于AWC2和AWC3的试验曲线之间,铝合金含量3.5%的蠕变预测曲线介于AWC3和AWC4的试验曲线之间,且两条预测蠕变曲线变化规律与AWC2~AWC4试验蠕变曲线变化规律相同,说明该模型能较好地预测相同应力条件下铝合金含量不同的AWC蠕变行为。
4 结论
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本文开展AWC的压缩蠕变性能试验,探究AWC蠕变变化规律和增长趋势,分析相同应力条件下不同铝合金含量对AWC蠕变性能的影响,基于试验结果拟合Burgers模型参数,建立AWC蠕变预测模型,得到如下具体结论。
(1)随着铝合金含量的增大,AWC蠕变变形逐渐减小,说明铝合金对木材蠕变有抑制作用,且随着载荷时间的增长,铝合金对木材蠕变抑制作用越明显。
(2)用Burgers模型对AWC蠕变试验曲线进行拟合,拟合相关系数均大于0.95,说明Burgers模型有较高拟合精度,可较好地描述长期荷载作用下的AWC蠕变。
(3)根据Burgers模型参数与铝合金含量关系,构建的AWC铝合金蠕变预测模型可预测铝合金含量不同的AWC蠕变,预测结果变化趋势与试验曲线变化趋势一致。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52268051)
  • 云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2024Y604)
文献
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402678
  • 接收时间：2024-04-13
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-13
  • 修回日期：2024-07-08
基金
国家自然科学基金(52268051)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2024Y604)
作者信息
    西南林业大学土木工程学院, 昆明 650224

通讯作者:

* 徐国林(1977—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,教授。研究方向:工程结构抗震。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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