Article(id=1156908032312566389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402344, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711987200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-02, revisedDate=1721232000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757969215, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757969215, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757969215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757969215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1188, endPage=1196, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908032979460726, articleId=1156908032312566389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Mechanical Properties and Wet and Dry Cycling Tests of Reinforced Sandy Soil Improvement in Southeast Xizang, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the impact of polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polypropylene fiber on the composite enhancement of loosely piled sandy soil in Southeast Xizang, unconfined compressive strength tests and direct shear tests were conducted. The the effects of the improved sandy soil was understood and the optimal mixing ratio of the improved materials was determined. Additionally, the change in the strength of the improved sandy soil under water erosion after dry and wet cycles was analyzed, and the reinforcement mechanism was investigated. The results demonstrate that the dosage of PVA and polypropylene fibers has a significant effect on the unconfined compressive strength. The best improvement effect is achieved with a dosage ratio of 12% PVA + 0.25% polypropylene fibers, resulting in an unconfined compressive strength of 1 716 kPa. This is 67 times higher than that of sandy soil with an unconfined compressive strength of 25.46 kPa. The shear strength of the improved specimens with different fiber contents increased with the increase of PVA doping. After 10 dry and wet cycling processes, the 12% PVA + 0.25% polypropylene fiber specimen exhibited an unconfined compressive strength of about 748.66 kPa, which was still 91.8% of the strength at 7 days and 1.47 times that of the same age maintenance period of 28 days. Polyvinyl alcohol solution formed a polymer film that adhered to and wrapped the sandy soil, while polypropylene fiber wound and filled the sandy soil. The combination of these two materials improved the stability of the sandy soil, effectively enhancing the bonding strength between soil particles and increasing the compressive strength of the soil body.

, correspAuthors=Pei-qing WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ding SANG, Huan NIU, Chao LI, Zhe-wei ZHAO, Pei-qing WANG, Wen-gang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908114176991671, articleId=1156908032312566389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=藏东南砂土改良加固力学性能及干湿循环试验研究, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)和聚丙烯纤维对藏东南松散堆积砂土复合改良效果,在室内开展无侧限抗压强度试验及直接剪切试验,研究改良砂土效果,并确定最佳改良材料掺配比例;分析干湿循环后改良砂土在水分侵蚀下强度变化,并对其加固机理进行分析。研究结果表明:PVA与聚丙烯纤维掺量对无侧限抗压强度均有明显影响,当掺比为12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维时改良效果最优,其无侧限抗压强度可达1 716 kPa,与砂土无侧限抗压强度25.46 kPa相比,强度增长达67倍。不同纤维含量的改良试样其抗剪强度随PVA掺量的增加而增加。在经历10次干湿循环过程后,12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维试样其无侧限抗压强度约为748.66 kPa,仍有7 d强度的91.8%。同龄养护期28 d的1.47倍。聚乙烯醇溶液形成高分子膜黏附包裹砂土,聚丙烯纤维缠绕填充砂土,两者相结合提高了砂土的稳定性,有效改善了土颗粒之间的黏结强度,提高了土体的抗压强度。

, correspAuthors=王培清, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王培清(1972—),男,汉族,四川射洪人,博士,教授。研究方向:岩土工程及土木工程。E-mail:
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桑鼎(1997—),男,汉族,河南鹿邑人,硕士研究生。研究方向:土体改良加固。E-mail:

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Journal of Jilin University(Engineering Edition), 2023, 53(6): 1809-1818., articleTitle=Unconfined compressive properties of modified lime soil under dry-wet and freeze-thaw cycles, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204780279656329386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, awardId=U22A20594, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20594), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1204780279761186988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, awardId=XZ202201ZR0068G, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金重点项目(XZ202201ZR0068G), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1204780280935592112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, awardId=YJS2024-45, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目(YJS2024-45), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204780265437639517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204780265450222429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, companyId=1204780265437639517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Basic physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏度/(mPa·s) 挥发分/% 灰分/% pH
34.0~42.2 5.0 0.5 5.0~7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1204780278913937554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

聚乙烯醇基本物理性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏度/(mPa·s) 挥发分/% 灰分/% pH
34.0~42.2 5.0 0.5 5.0~7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1204780278997823637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic physical properties of polypropylene fibers

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纤维长度/mm 纤维直径/mm 比重 抗拉强度/MPa
20 0.04 0.91 458
弹性模量/GPa 拉伸极限 耐热能力/℃ 吸水性
3.5 150/% 165
), ArticleFig(id=1204780279090098329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

聚丙烯纤维基本物理性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维长度/mm 纤维直径/mm 比重 抗拉强度/MPa
20 0.04 0.91 458
弹性模量/GPa 拉伸极限 耐热能力/℃ 吸水性
3.5 150/% 165
), ArticleFig(id=1204780279232704666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test plan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验 编号 聚丙烯纤维含量/% PVA溶液含量/% 自然养护时间/d 法向应力/kPa 干湿循环/次
1-1 0、0.1、0.25、0.5、1
1-2 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 6、8、10、12
1-3 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 12 1、3、7、14、28
2-1 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 6、8、10、12 50、100、150、200
3-1 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 12 0、1、3、7、10
), ArticleFig(id=1204780279366922400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908032312566389, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验 编号 聚丙烯纤维含量/% PVA溶液含量/% 自然养护时间/d 法向应力/kPa 干湿循环/次
1-1 0、0.1、0.25、0.5、1
1-2 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 6、8、10、12
1-3 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 12 1、3、7、14、28
2-1 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 6、8、10、12 50、100、150、200
3-1 0.1、0.25、0.5、1 12 0、1、3、7、10
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藏东南砂土改良加固力学性能及干湿循环试验研究
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桑鼎 1, 2 , 牛欢 1, 2 , 李超 1, 2 , 赵哲苇 1, 2 , 王培清 1, 2, * , 仉文岗 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(3): 1188-1196
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(3): 1188-1196
藏东南砂土改良加固力学性能及干湿循环试验研究
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桑鼎1, 2 , 牛欢1, 2, 李超1, 2, 赵哲苇1, 2, 王培清1, 2, * , 仉文岗3
作者信息
  • 1.西藏农牧学院,西藏土木水利电力工程技术研究中心, 林芝 860000
  • 2.西藏农牧学院水利土木工程学院, 林芝 860000
  • 3.重庆大学土木工程学院, 重庆 400045
  • 桑鼎(1997—),男,汉族,河南鹿邑人,硕士研究生。研究方向:土体改良加固。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王培清(1972—),男,汉族,四川射洪人,博士,教授。研究方向:岩土工程及土木工程。E-mail:
Mechanical Properties and Wet and Dry Cycling Tests of Reinforced Sandy Soil Improvement in Southeast Xizang
Ding SANG1, 2 , Huan NIU1, 2, Chao LI1, 2, Zhe-wei ZHAO1, 2, Pei-qing WANG1, 2, * , Wen-gang ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1. Research Center of Civil, Hydraulic and Power Engineering of Xizang, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
  • 2. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
  • 3. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402344
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为研究高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)和聚丙烯纤维对藏东南松散堆积砂土复合改良效果,在室内开展无侧限抗压强度试验及直接剪切试验,研究改良砂土效果,并确定最佳改良材料掺配比例;分析干湿循环后改良砂土在水分侵蚀下强度变化,并对其加固机理进行分析。研究结果表明:PVA与聚丙烯纤维掺量对无侧限抗压强度均有明显影响,当掺比为12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维时改良效果最优,其无侧限抗压强度可达1 716 kPa,与砂土无侧限抗压强度25.46 kPa相比,强度增长达67倍。不同纤维含量的改良试样其抗剪强度随PVA掺量的增加而增加。在经历10次干湿循环过程后,12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维试样其无侧限抗压强度约为748.66 kPa,仍有7 d强度的91.8%。同龄养护期28 d的1.47倍。聚乙烯醇溶液形成高分子膜黏附包裹砂土,聚丙烯纤维缠绕填充砂土,两者相结合提高了砂土的稳定性,有效改善了土颗粒之间的黏结强度,提高了土体的抗压强度。

砂土  /  无侧限抗压强度  /  直剪试验  /  干湿循环  /  机理分析

To investigate the impact of polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polypropylene fiber on the composite enhancement of loosely piled sandy soil in Southeast Xizang, unconfined compressive strength tests and direct shear tests were conducted. The the effects of the improved sandy soil was understood and the optimal mixing ratio of the improved materials was determined. Additionally, the change in the strength of the improved sandy soil under water erosion after dry and wet cycles was analyzed, and the reinforcement mechanism was investigated. The results demonstrate that the dosage of PVA and polypropylene fibers has a significant effect on the unconfined compressive strength. The best improvement effect is achieved with a dosage ratio of 12% PVA + 0.25% polypropylene fibers, resulting in an unconfined compressive strength of 1 716 kPa. This is 67 times higher than that of sandy soil with an unconfined compressive strength of 25.46 kPa. The shear strength of the improved specimens with different fiber contents increased with the increase of PVA doping. After 10 dry and wet cycling processes, the 12% PVA + 0.25% polypropylene fiber specimen exhibited an unconfined compressive strength of about 748.66 kPa, which was still 91.8% of the strength at 7 days and 1.47 times that of the same age maintenance period of 28 days. Polyvinyl alcohol solution formed a polymer film that adhered to and wrapped the sandy soil, while polypropylene fiber wound and filled the sandy soil. The combination of these two materials improved the stability of the sandy soil, effectively enhancing the bonding strength between soil particles and increasing the compressive strength of the soil body.

sand  /  unmeasured limited compressive strength  /  direct shear test  /  dry and wet cycle  /  mechanism analysis
桑鼎, 牛欢, 李超, 赵哲苇, 王培清, 仉文岗. 藏东南砂土改良加固力学性能及干湿循环试验研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1188 -1196 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402344
Ding SANG, Huan NIU, Chao LI, Zhe-wei ZHAO, Pei-qing WANG, Wen-gang ZHANG. Mechanical Properties and Wet and Dry Cycling Tests of Reinforced Sandy Soil Improvement in Southeast Xizang[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1188 -1196 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402344
西藏东南地区分布大量砂土边坡,由于该地区常年具有充沛降雨,所以这些边坡易受降雨冲刷和侵蚀作用从而引发滑坡以及泥石流等地质灾害,给人民生命财产安全造成严重损失[1-2]。因此对松散堆积体进行改良加固研究,避免其受降雨影响发生破坏非常必要。
国内外许多学者采用传统材料如水泥、石灰、粉煤灰等对其进行改良加固[3-7]。虽然这些材料能有效改善其性能,满足工程规范要求,但这些传统材料的生产和运输会产生大量环境污染问题,且改良后会对原有生态系统造成破坏,影响当地自然环境。为了解决这一问题,许多学者开始探索既能满足工程规范需要又环境友好的新型改良材料,其中高分子聚合物类的改良剂就属于这种改良材料,它是一种生态环保、可持续、无危害的材料,逐渐在研究中开始被采用。聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)和聚丙烯纤维就是其中的两种高分子聚合物,具有较好的改良加固效果,被用来改良加固砂土。刘瑾等[8]采用有机高分子固化剂改良砂土,结果表明改良砂土的抗压强度、残余强度、黏聚力均有增强。Shi等[9]采用高分子材料改良黏土,研究表明改良试样具有更大的内摩擦角、内聚力和无侧限抗压强度。王琼亚等[10]采用高分子稳定剂对砂土进行了改良,研究发现稳定剂可提高砂土的水稳定性。尚高鹏等[11]认为土体中相互交错分布的纤维能最大程度地抑制纤维土裂隙发展。安宁等[12]认为聚丙烯纤维通过纤维与土的相互作用和纤维之间的“交织”作用实现对土体的加固。Wang等[13]、唐朝生等[14]、曾军等[15]研究了聚丙烯纤维掺量、干湿循环、无侧限抗压强度对聚丙烯纤维改良土体效果的影响,效果十分显著。李中尧等[16-17]采用聚乙烯醇作为改良材料,对高原黏土和砂土进行了无侧限抗压强度和干湿循环试验,研究发现改良后土体具有更高的抗压强度。上述研究都是选取其中一种材料对土体进行改良,加固效果有限。聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯纤维各有优势,聚乙烯醇通过高温水解保留了一部分醇基,因此具有很强的黏结性,能够黏结周围颗粒从而形成整体结果,聚丙烯纤维填充在砂土中形成网络结构,在土体受到竖向荷载时,约束了土颗粒的位移和变形,从而保证结构的稳定性。如果能把两者优势结合,应该会起到更好的加固效果。由于采用两种材料复合改良加固砂土的研究较少。
基于此,现用高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯纤维复合改良松散堆积体砂土。通过无侧限抗压强度试验及直接剪切试验研究两种材料不同掺配比例对砂土的改良加固效果,并对其加固机理进行分析,从而为聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯纤维复合改良材料对松散堆积砂土边坡改良加固效果提供借鉴成果。
试验所用土样为西藏自治区东南部波密县易贡大滑坡遗址松散堆积体,该砂土的最优含水率为12%,最大干密度为1.79 g/cm3,有效粒径d10=0.13 mm,不均匀系数Cu=6.32,曲率系数Cc=1.83,属于级配良好的砂土。颗粒级配曲线如图1所示。试验中所采用的改良材料聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯纤维样品如图2所示,聚乙烯醇(以下简称“PVA”)物理参数如表1所示。试验中采用的纤维材料直径20 mm的聚丙烯纤维丝,其物理参数如表2所示。
在室内开展无侧限抗压强度试验、直接剪切试验和干湿循环试验进行松散堆积砂土复合改良试验研究,按表3所示试验方案开展。
制样前,将过筛预处理的砂土进行烘干处理备用,在试验前制作少量试样对改良材料进行试验,最终确定PVA溶液掺加量取6%、8%、10%、12%,聚丙烯纤维掺加量取0.1%、0.25%、0.5%、1%(上述掺加量是指PVA溶液和聚丙烯纤维质量与干砂质量百分比)。试验过程中,根据预设的纤维掺加量将聚丙烯纤维均匀掺入砂土中并搅拌均匀,复掺试样在纤维搅拌均匀后将配置的PVA溶液掺入并搅拌均匀。无侧限抗压强度试样采用静压法制作,称取适量土样装入置备模具中,制备成直径5 cm、高10 cm的试样。试样制作完成后放入恒温恒湿养护箱中,使用图3所示三轴试验机进行无侧限抗压强度试验。为减少试验操作误差,每个掺量制作3个平行样取平均值分析。
将配置好的试样称取适量,倒入制备模具中,直剪试样使用环刀制作,试样截面积30 cm2,高2 cm。试样制作完成后放入恒温恒湿养护箱中,使用图4所示ZJ型应变控制式直剪仪进行试验,施加的轴向应力50、100、150、200 kPa。
试样在自然养护7 d时无侧限抗压强度达到峰值,这时PVA和聚丙烯纤维在改良砂土试样中充分反应,因此在自然条件下养护7 d后进行干湿循环试验,采用吸水饱和后风干的方法,进一步研究干湿循环对复合改良土的影响规律。饱和过程为:在容器底部放置透水石后向容器加水至水面与透水石等高,将试样置于透水石上,逐步加水至试样完全淹没在水中,在试样顶部放置透水石,每隔2 h向容器中添加一定量的水,保持容器中水位不变,饱和24 h后将试样取出。干燥过程为:将浸水饱和后的试样自然风干,干燥过程中每隔4 h对试样进行称重,以确保含水率达到试验要求,当含水率不再发生变化后,停止干燥。选定0、1、3、7和10次干湿循环后的试样进行无侧限抗压强度试验,以此分析水分侵蚀下PVA、纤维复合改良效果。
试验使用的松散堆积体砂土细颗粒含量较少,黏聚力较低,从图5所示纤维含量与无侧限抗压强度的关系可知砂土的无侧限抗压强度仅25.46 kPa,随着纤维含量的增加,纤维含量从0.25%到0.5%之间无侧限抗压强度逐渐增加,最高达到50.93 kPa。当纤维含量达到1%时,过量的纤维使试样密实度降低无法成型,导致无侧限抗压强度为0。可见,单掺纤维改良效果不佳。
因此以松散堆积砂土掺入不同纤维含量和PVA含量进行无侧限抗压强度试验,以0.25%、0.5%纤维含量和不同PVA复掺试样为例。从图6所示PVA与纤维复合改良松散堆积砂土无侧限抗压强度曲线,可以看出纤维与PVA复合改良砂土具有明显的峰值点,12%PVA掺量配比在0.25%、0.5%纤维掺量中应力峰值达最高。但随着纤维掺量的增加,峰值点对应的应变值更大,说明纤维掺量的增加使改良砂土更具韧性。在应力上升与下降的两个阶段,应力应变曲线都没有发生突变,整条曲线光滑连贯,表现为明显的塑性破坏特征。
PVA与聚丙烯纤维复合改良加固松散堆积砂土有明显效果,为研究PVA和纤维对改良砂土无侧限抗压强度影响,总结出最优配比。以不同含量PVA和纤维改良松散堆积砂土。图7(a)所示为0.10%、0.25%、0.5%和1%纤维随PVA掺量变化对改良松散堆积砂土的无侧限抗压强度影响,可以看出0.1%纤维掺量的无侧限抗压强度仅在PVA掺量从6%到8%之间有所增长,之后随着PVA掺量的增加无侧限抗压强度趋于平稳状态。0.25%和0.5%纤维掺量随着PVA掺量的增加无侧限抗压强度几乎呈线性状态增长。1%纤维掺量无侧限抗压强度随PVA掺量的增加增长幅度较缓。可以看到0.25%、0.50%的纤维掺量会随着PVA掺量的增加无侧限抗压强度呈持续增加状态,而0.25%纤维掺量在12%PVA掺量下其无侧限抗压强度达到最高。图7(b)所示为6%、8%、10%和12%PVA随纤维掺量变化对改良松散堆积砂土的无侧限抗压强度影响,可以看出6%PVA掺量随着纤维掺量的增加无侧限抗压强度几乎保持不变,8%、10%和12%PVA掺量在0.25%纤维掺量时其无侧限抗压强度达到峰值,然后随着纤维掺量的增加其无侧限抗压强度逐渐降低,其中与12%PVA掺量的峰值达到最高。0.25%纤维与12%PVA复合掺量下改良砂土无侧限抗压强度可达1 716 kPa,与砂土无侧限抗压强度25.46 kPa相比强度增长达67倍。
探究PVA和纤维在直接剪切试验下对改良松散堆积砂土抗剪强度的变化规律,以50、100、150、200 kPa四种竖向荷载下进行直接剪切试验,如图8所示不同纤维含量随PVA掺量变化对改良松散堆积砂土抗剪强度的影响。从图8中可以看出,抗剪强度随PVA掺量的增加而增加,且都在PVA掺量12%时抗剪强度达到最高值,竖向压力为200 kPa时纤维含量0.1%试样抗剪强度达到20.33 kPa。随着聚丙烯纤维掺量的增加,抗剪强度与PVA掺量的关系曲线逐步下降,不论竖向压力取值为多少,都在聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.1%时抗剪强度达到最高。可见,PVA和纤维改良松散堆积砂土在直接剪切试验时,随着纤维含量的增加抗剪强度越低,但试样抗剪强度都在PVA掺量12%时达到最高。掺比为12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维试样在不同竖向荷载下抗剪强度呈上升趋势。
通过无侧限抗压强度试验和直接剪切试验确定了PVA的含量,选用掺量0.10%、0.25%、0.50%、1%纤维和12%PVA试样进行自然养护和干湿循环试验,通过对比探究干湿循环后改良松散堆积砂土无侧限抗压强度的变化。图9(a)为不同养护时间砂土试样无侧限抗压强度的影响,可以看出在自然养护时间7 d时不同配比试样达到峰值强度,然后逐渐下降最后在14~28 d无侧限抗压强度逐渐趋于平稳状态。图9(b)为干湿循环次数对改良松散堆积砂土无侧限抗压强度的影响。可以看出,12%PVA+0.1%纤维试样无侧限抗压强度随着干湿循环次数的增加不断减小;12%PVA+0.25%纤维试样经过1次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度略有下降,且在干湿循环次数为3时其值达到最低,在3~7次干湿循环过程中其抗压强度逐渐上升,到达7次之后又逐渐降低。12%PVA+0.5%纤维试样经过1次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度略有下降,在5次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度逐渐上升并保持平稳;12%PVA+1%纤维试样经过1次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度逐渐下降,且在干湿循环次数为5时其值达到最高,然后在7次干湿循环过程中其值达到最低,并在7~10次干湿循环过程中逐渐上升,其结构破坏作用和强度增长作用处于波动状态。通过图9(b)可知,干湿循环后的试样大多在无侧限抗压强度1 000 kPa呈上下波动状态。12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维试样,在经历10次干湿循环后,其无侧限抗压强度约为748.66 kPa,仍有7 d强度的91.8%。是同龄养护期28 d的1.47倍。
为探究PVA、纤维复合改良松散堆积砂土内部结构,对改良试样进行机理分析。图10所示为PVA-纤维复合改良加固砂土机理。从图10中可观察到PVA和聚丙烯纤维掺入砂土后,能更好地胶合形成网状结构,与土中矿物反应将土颗粒胶结在一起,有效改善土颗粒之间的黏结强度,从而提高抗压强度。聚丙烯纤维的形状和状态会使砂土和纤维之间产生阻力,使得纤维土体生成细网交错纵横,起到固定土体增强土体抗拉强度的作用。PVA和聚丙烯纤维也是通过化学与物理相结合的方式对土体进行加固,PVA溶液形成高分子膜黏附、包裹砂土,聚丙烯纤维缠绕填充砂土,两者相结合提高了砂土的稳定性,增强了砂土的力学性能,导致土样不容易造成破坏。
PVA是一种有机化合物,化学式为[C2H4O]n,溶于水(95 ℃以上),把PVA和水按照一定比例熬制成PVA溶液,水解程度较低的PVA仍保留一部分醇基,具有很强的黏聚力。该反应式为(C2H4O)n+nH2O→nC2H5OH+OH-。由于砂土结构松散,黏土含量较少,黏聚力基本为零。PVA溶液在砂土中形成弹性丝网,具有胶凝性能够把砂土包裹、缠绕、连接土体颗粒,改善土体的排列顺序,使其排列更加紧密,从而增强土体的抗压强度。从上述试验中可以看到,PVA溶液含量越高,PVA溶液在砂土中形成的弹性丝网黏结砂粒更加充分,PVA形成的网状结构能够更多的黏结砂土,限制砂土的移动,增强了土体的稳定性。
纤维在改良过程中主要起到加筋的作用,纤维与高分子聚合物复掺能够提高土体的抗压强度。在软土和红黏土中加入聚丙烯纤维,会随着纤维长度和纤维掺量的增加,其无侧限抗压强度逐步增大。但在砂土中纤维含量过多会发生团聚现象,导致它们之间的接触不足和内部空间空隙过大,使试样无侧限抗压强度降低。不同纤维含量下无侧限抗压强度试样破坏前后对比如图11所示,从图11中可以看出纤维含量较低的试样,虽然出现裂纹,但是试样整体是非常密实的状态。
随着纤维掺量的增加,试样表面可以观察到更多纤维,纤维掺入后会在砂土颗粒间互相搭接并与土颗粒产生界面摩擦,掺入过量的纤维后紧实度不够会使试样无法压实,并且纤维会在试样中发生团聚现象,导致无侧限抗压强度降低,12%PVA+0.5%纤维试样出现膨胀现象,12%PVA+1%纤维试样压实过后出现裂纹且破坏非常明显。综上所述,在实际工程应用过程中,应考虑纤维掺量过多将影响土体强度,建议使用12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维配比进行边坡加固。
干湿循环是指土样处于连续浸泡和空气干燥相互交替的状态。程文瑜等[18]认为随着干湿循环作用,土体力学性质也发生了变化。姜屏等[19]认为干湿循环是水分对土体结构侵蚀的过程,在水分侵蚀过程中会使土体结构中的胶凝材料被分解破坏,导致土体强度降低。上述干湿循环试验是土样自然养护7 d之后进行的,第1次干湿循环试验时12%PVA+0.1%纤维试样呈线性下降状态,分析原因是试样纤维含量较低提供拉力有限,PVA溶液所产生的胶凝材料在水分侵蚀过程中逐渐稀释,导致试样抗压强度降低明显。12%PVA+0.25%纤维试样、12%PVA+0.5%纤维试样、12%PVA+1%纤维试样其强度呈线性上升状态,虽然凝胶材料被水分稀释,但是纤维含量较多仍然能够对土样提供一定的拉力。在一次干湿循环试验结束后,试样的无侧限抗压强度降低明显,是因为聚乙烯醇凝胶会通过孔隙溶于水,在干湿循环组试样经历第1次干湿循环后表层含水率降低,而聚乙烯醇已经脱水形成包裹于土颗粒上的固化膜,会阻止水分进入土样内部,并且脱水形成的立体丝网结构会提供强度。12%PVA+0.25%纤维试样、12%PVA+0.5%纤维试样、12%PVA+1%纤维试样在第3次干湿循环过程中,其强度呈现线性下降状态,分析原因是纤维在土壤骨架中的分布不均匀会导致其在土壤中存在薄弱部分和强部分,出现不均匀增强的现象,导致无侧限抗压强度降低。
研究选取藏东南松散堆积砂土为对象,在对其基本物理特性参数进行测试后,开展无侧限抗压强度试验和直接剪切试验来确定最优配比的范围,对干湿循环后的试样进行无侧限抗压强度试验,观察改良松散堆积砂土强度变化,得到以下结论。
(1)PVA和聚丙烯纤维掺入砂土后,形成网状结构与土中矿物反应将土颗粒胶结在一起,有效改善了土颗粒之间的黏结强度,提高抗压强度。
(2)PVA和聚丙烯纤维在土体中的网状结构具有固定作用,PVA加入后在纤维与纤维、土颗粒与土颗粒、纤维与土颗粒间起到连接作用,使纤维土的无侧限抗压强度明显提升,并且随PVA掺量的增加而增加。最优掺比为12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维,无侧限抗压强度可达1 716 kPa,与砂土相比强度增长达67倍。
(3)少量的纤维可以填充砂土颗粒间的孔隙,并通过与砂土颗粒间的界面摩擦使无侧限抗压强度小幅度增加,但过多的纤维会使试样密实度显著下降并在试样中团聚,从而导致无侧限抗压强度降低。
(4)改良砂土具有良好的水稳性,在最优掺比为12%PVA+0.25%聚丙烯纤维试样下,经历10次干湿循环过程,其无侧限抗压强度约为748.66 kPa,仍有7 d强度的91.8%。是同龄养护期28 d的1.47倍。
基于上述试验,初步揭示了改良材料对藏东南松散堆积砂土强度变化和机理分析,最优掺量为实际工程提供理论依据。当前对粗颗粒土改良研究尚少,后续将会使用大型动静三轴仪针对松散堆积体粗颗粒土进行改良加固研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20594)
  • 西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金重点项目(XZ202201ZR0068G)
  • 西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目(YJS2024-45)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402344
  • 接收时间:2024-04-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-02
  • 修回日期:2024-07-18
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20594)
西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金重点项目(XZ202201ZR0068G)
西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目(YJS2024-45)
作者信息
    1.西藏农牧学院,西藏土木水利电力工程技术研究中心, 林芝 860000
    2.西藏农牧学院水利土木工程学院, 林芝 860000
    3.重庆大学土木工程学院, 重庆 400045

通讯作者:

* 王培清(1972—),男,汉族,四川射洪人,博士,教授。研究方向:岩土工程及土木工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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