Article(id=1156908031872160065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401635, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709827200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-08, revisedDate=1713283200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757969110, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757969110, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757969110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757969110, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1133, endPage=1141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908032476139845, articleId=1156908031872160065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Pipeline Crawling Robot Based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the tasks of detection and maintenance in small-diameter pipeline transportation, a small-scale soft pneumatic pipeline crawling robot was designed and developed. The robot employed the technique of analytical implicit triply periodic minimal surface offset to form a solid structure with thickness, and achieved the anisotropy of structural stiffness by adjusting the parameters of implicit equations. Based on this, the radial and linear actuators were designed to meet the flexible motion requirements of the robot inside the pipeline. To optimize the performance of the robot, a joint parameter optimization framework based on MATLAB, Rhino, and ABAQUS was proposed, and an automated parameter optimization process was implemented using Python scripts. Through this framework, the motion performance and adaptability of the robot could be effectively improved. Based on two types of deformation actuators, the overall structure of the pipeline crawling robot was designed, and the manufacturing method and motion control gait were elaborated in detail. Experimental results show that the designed pipeline robot can stably move along the pipeline in two different postures and under certain load conditions, verifying the feasibility of the joint parameter optimization framework. The research results provide valuable references for the parameterized design and optimization research of subsequent pipeline crawling robots, which contributes to the application development of soft robots in the field of small-diameter pipeline detection and maintenance.

, correspAuthors=Fei-fei CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia-long LIANG, Kai LUO, De-chen LI, Fei-fei CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908124390117842, articleId=1156908031872160065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于三周期极小曲面的管道爬行机器人, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对流体运输中的小管径管道检测与维护任务,设计并研制了一种小尺寸软体气动管道爬行机器人。该机器人采用解析隐式三周期极小曲面偏置技术,形成具有厚度的实体结构,并通过调整隐式方程参数实现结构刚度的各向异性。在此基础上,设计了径向和纵向变形驱动器,以满足机器人在管道内的灵活运动需求。为优化机器人性能,提出了一种基于MATLAB、Rhino和ABAQUS的联合参数优化框架,并利用Python脚本实现自动化参数优化流程。通过这一框架,可以有效提高机器人的运动性能和适应性。基于两种变形驱动器,设计了管道爬行机器人的整体结构,并详细阐述了制造方法和运动控制步态。实验结果表明,所设计的管道机器人能够在两种不同姿态以及一定载荷条件下稳定地沿管道运动,验证了联合参数优化框架的可行性。研究成果为后续管道爬行机器人的参数化设计和优化研究提供了有价值的参考,有助于推动软体机器人在小管径管道检测与维护领域的应用发展。

, correspAuthors=陈飞飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陈飞飞(1992—),男,汉族,安徽宿州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:软体机器人技术。E-mail:
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梁加龙(1999—),男,汉族,四川江油人,硕士研究生。研究方向:软体机器人设计与运动学建模。E-mail:

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梁加龙(1999—),男,汉族,四川江油人,硕士研究生。研究方向:软体机器人设计与运动学建模。E-mail:

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梁加龙(1999—),男,汉族,四川江油人,硕士研究生。研究方向:软体机器人设计与运动学建模。E-mail:

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Design parameters of pipeline crawling robot

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参数 数值
径向变形驱动器外半径/mm 20
径向变形驱动器晶胞长(宽)/mm 9.424 8
径向变形驱动器晶胞高/mm 18.849 6
径(纵)向变形驱动器x方向阵列数 3
径(纵)向变形驱动器y方向阵列数 3
径向变形驱动器厚度/mm 1.5
纵向变形驱动器晶胞长(宽)/mm 7.854 0
纵向变形驱动器晶胞高/mm 3.927 0
纵向变形驱动器z方向阵列数 8
纵向变形驱动器厚度/mm 1
), ArticleFig(id=1204780264372281653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156908031872160065, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

管道爬行机器人设计参数

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参数 数值
径向变形驱动器外半径/mm 20
径向变形驱动器晶胞长(宽)/mm 9.424 8
径向变形驱动器晶胞高/mm 18.849 6
径(纵)向变形驱动器x方向阵列数 3
径(纵)向变形驱动器y方向阵列数 3
径向变形驱动器厚度/mm 1.5
纵向变形驱动器晶胞长(宽)/mm 7.854 0
纵向变形驱动器晶胞高/mm 3.927 0
纵向变形驱动器z方向阵列数 8
纵向变形驱动器厚度/mm 1
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基于三周期极小曲面的管道爬行机器人
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梁加龙 1 , 罗凯 2 , 李德臣 3 , 陈飞飞 1, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(3): 1133-1141
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(3): 1133-1141
基于三周期极小曲面的管道爬行机器人
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梁加龙1 , 罗凯2, 李德臣3, 陈飞飞1, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240
  • 2.中国工程物理研究院计算机应用研究所, 绵阳 621900
  • 3.中国运载火箭技术研究院, 北京 100076
  • 梁加龙(1999—),男,汉族,四川江油人,硕士研究生。研究方向:软体机器人设计与运动学建模。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 陈飞飞(1992—),男,汉族,安徽宿州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:软体机器人技术。E-mail:
Pipeline Crawling Robot Based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces
Jia-long LIANG1 , Kai LUO2, De-chen LI3, Fei-fei CHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2. Institute of Computer Application CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
  • 3. China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401635
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针对流体运输中的小管径管道检测与维护任务,设计并研制了一种小尺寸软体气动管道爬行机器人。该机器人采用解析隐式三周期极小曲面偏置技术,形成具有厚度的实体结构,并通过调整隐式方程参数实现结构刚度的各向异性。在此基础上,设计了径向和纵向变形驱动器,以满足机器人在管道内的灵活运动需求。为优化机器人性能,提出了一种基于MATLAB、Rhino和ABAQUS的联合参数优化框架,并利用Python脚本实现自动化参数优化流程。通过这一框架,可以有效提高机器人的运动性能和适应性。基于两种变形驱动器,设计了管道爬行机器人的整体结构,并详细阐述了制造方法和运动控制步态。实验结果表明,所设计的管道机器人能够在两种不同姿态以及一定载荷条件下稳定地沿管道运动,验证了联合参数优化框架的可行性。研究成果为后续管道爬行机器人的参数化设计和优化研究提供了有价值的参考,有助于推动软体机器人在小管径管道检测与维护领域的应用发展。

管道爬行机器人  /  三周期极小曲面  /  驱动器结构参数优化  /  软体机器人

In response to the tasks of detection and maintenance in small-diameter pipeline transportation, a small-scale soft pneumatic pipeline crawling robot was designed and developed. The robot employed the technique of analytical implicit triply periodic minimal surface offset to form a solid structure with thickness, and achieved the anisotropy of structural stiffness by adjusting the parameters of implicit equations. Based on this, the radial and linear actuators were designed to meet the flexible motion requirements of the robot inside the pipeline. To optimize the performance of the robot, a joint parameter optimization framework based on MATLAB, Rhino, and ABAQUS was proposed, and an automated parameter optimization process was implemented using Python scripts. Through this framework, the motion performance and adaptability of the robot could be effectively improved. Based on two types of deformation actuators, the overall structure of the pipeline crawling robot was designed, and the manufacturing method and motion control gait were elaborated in detail. Experimental results show that the designed pipeline robot can stably move along the pipeline in two different postures and under certain load conditions, verifying the feasibility of the joint parameter optimization framework. The research results provide valuable references for the parameterized design and optimization research of subsequent pipeline crawling robots, which contributes to the application development of soft robots in the field of small-diameter pipeline detection and maintenance.

pipeline crawling robot  /  triply periodic minimal surface  /  actuator structural parameter optimization  /  soft robot
梁加龙, 罗凯, 李德臣, 陈飞飞. 基于三周期极小曲面的管道爬行机器人. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1133 -1141 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401635
Jia-long LIANG, Kai LUO, De-chen LI, Fei-fei CHEN. Pipeline Crawling Robot Based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1133 -1141 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401635
管道运输,作为当前世界上对天然气、石油、水等流体介质进行高效且安全运输的主要方式,广泛应用于各种环境中[1]。然而,在野外、地底、水下等恶劣环境中,管道的老化、破损、腐蚀等故障频发,一旦出现故障,将带来巨大的经济损失和环境风险[2]。因此,对管道故障的检测与定位技术的研究显得尤为重要。鉴于部分运输管道所处的复杂地形和恶劣环境,传统的人工检测与维护手段难以实施,急需开发新的自动化检测技术[3]
近年来,机器人技术在管道检测与维护中的应用逐渐受到关注。相较于传统人工检测,机器人作业具有尺寸小、成本低、风险低等优势[3]。现有的刚体管道机器人主要分为轮式[4-5]和履带式[6]两类,通过径向展开机构与管道内壁接触,并利用电机驱动轮或履带实现管道内的运动。目前,中国在刚体管道机器人的研究中也取得了一定的进展。谢同雨等[7]设计了一款多模块蛇形管道打磨轮式机器人,并验证样机在内径为250~450 mm范围内管道的适应性和作业能力。郭忠锋等[8]设计了一种主动避障的管道机器人,该机器人能自动适应148~152 mm内径的管道,同时在管道内部可实现主动避障的功能。Zhao等[9]针对远距离管道检测任务研制了一种履带式管道机器人,成功在大尺寸管道内完成所规定的检测任务。
这些刚体机器人在大管径(直径大于100 mm)的管道中表现出良好的检测效果。然而,由于刚体机器人驱动电机、展开机构等部分的尺寸限制,它们在小管径(直径小于60 mm)的管道环境中难以施展拳脚。此外,刚体机器人在部分流体介质中的供电问题也限制了其应用。
为解决上述问题,软体管道机器人作为一种新型检测手段逐渐崭露头角。相较于刚体机器人,软体机器人具有更大的变形能力、更轻的质量、更小的尺寸、更低的成本以及更简单的驱动方式[10-11]。其中,气动的软体管道机器人因驱动来源清洁方便而在管道检测领域得到广泛应用。软体管道机器人主要有蠕虫式[12-14]和螺旋式[15]等运动形式,其中蠕虫式机器人最为常见。蠕虫式机器人由头部、身体和尾部三部分组成,通过周期性驱动实现管道内运动。Zou等[15]由所提出的多模式人工肌肉设计了膨胀和伸长两类驱动器,基于该两类驱动器研制了一款管道爬行机器人,并实现了小型气控系统的集成。Zhang等[16]受蠕虫的运动机理启发,研制了一款气动的管道爬行机器人,通过结合控制算法实现了管道爬行机器人在管道内的高效率运动。Liu等[17]研制了一款可模块化的管道爬行机器人,可针对不同应用场景进行组装,并验证了该机器人在多种环境下的运动能力。
然而,目前蠕虫式机器人的设计仍存在一些挑战。首先,在结构设计方面,现有的设计方法多采用经验试错法,缺乏系统解析的设计方法[18-19]。其次,大部分蠕虫式管道爬行机器人在膨胀时,其头部和尾部会占据管道截面大部分空间,这不仅阻碍了流体的运输,还增加了运动的阻力。因此,针对这些问题,未来的研究应致力于开发更先进的解析设计方法,并优化机器人的结构,以提升机器人的运动性能。
为更好地解决以上问题,基于解析三周期极小曲面实现了两种变形模式驱动器的设计、仿真以及优化,并基于这两类驱动器设计了软体气动管道爬行机器人,给出其运动控制步态,最终通过不同姿态,不同场景的实验验证了机器人的运动性能。本文中所提出的两类驱动器均是基于解析三周期极小曲面生成,其结构上具有天然生成的孔隙,方便管道运输流体通过,减小流体在机器人运动过程中的阻力。此外,解析的曲面函数式使得结构可参数化,本文中提出的联合参数优化框架能够很好地针对不同工况得到适合的驱动器设计参数,这也进一步提高了本文中所提出管道爬行机器人的通用性。
三周期极小曲面(triply periodic minimal surface, TPMS)是一类在三维空间中具备无限周期延拓能力的隐式曲面。其主要特性表现为平均曲率为零,且曲面光滑连续,无尖锐特征,从而有效避免了承载中的应力集中现象。此外,这种曲面具有一种独特的性质,即能够将空间天然地划分为两个区域。这些优势使得三周期极小曲面在受载和气压加载腔体结构设计中具有广泛的应用前景。通过利用三周期极小曲面的特性,可以设计出更加高效、稳定和耐用的结构,以满足各种实际应用需求[20]
三周期极小曲面可由解析隐式代数方程完全定义。根据代数方程的形式,三周期极小曲面可以分为P型、D型、G型、I-WP型等类型。其中P型曲面具备简单且规则的几何特征,能够实现空间内三个主方向的阵列,非常适合用来作为驱动器的基本几何构型。其隐式代数函数可表示为
f ( x , y , z ) = c o s 2 π a x + c o s 2 π b y + c o s 2 π c z
式(1)中:abc为三维曲面在xyz三个方向上的几何尺寸。通过调整这些参数,可以直接控制三周期极小曲面在各个方向上的尺寸大小,如图1所示。这种灵活的尺寸控制为实际应用提供了极大的便利。
基于图1中不同尺寸比例的P型三周期极小曲面,最终通过偏置曲面并周期性阵列来实现具有厚度的晶格实体层状结构设计,如图2所示。
晶格结构在xyz三个方向上不同的几何尺寸会使得其刚度呈现各向异性。图2(a)中的单胞在z方向上的尺寸比另外两个方向的尺寸小,因此会导致该结构在z方向的刚度比另外两个方向的刚度更小;图2(c)中的结构在xy方向上的尺寸比z方向的尺寸小,因此导致该结构在xy方向的刚度比z方向的刚度更小。这种通过参数进行设计的各向异性可使相应的晶格结构呈现所需要的机械特性,例如仅在某一个或者两个方向发生变形。
为了保证机器人在管道内运动的稳定性,机器人必须具备对管道的锚定功能。为了实现这一功能,机器人头部和尾部的结构设计尤为关键。具体而言,为了确保机器人在管道内部能够径向膨胀并稳固锚定,头部和尾部的结构在径向方向(即xy方向)的刚度必须小于其在纵向方向(即z方向)的刚度。因此,图2(c)中所示的c>a层状结构,为设计径向变形驱动器提供了理想的参考。
为了使径向变形驱动器能够紧密贴合管道内壁并获得最大的接触面积,其外侧接触面被设计成圆柱形,如图3所示,该设计不仅确保了驱动器与管道之间的稳定接触,还进一步增强了机器人在管道内的锚定效果,尽可能地保证机器人在进行管道维护、检测或其他任务时,能够稳定、可靠地工作。
考虑到机器人运动灵活性和管道内空间限制,接触面的直径不应过大,以免在管道中发生干涉;同时,为了确保与管道内壁的紧密贴合和足够的接触面积,接触面的直径也不能过小,否则可能导致锚定力不足。上述考虑可由如下限制条件确定,即
r ξ r t u b e t = a 2 + d r 2 - n a 2 2 n a 2 - t
式(2)中:r为机器人外径;rtube为管道内壁半径;ξ为膨胀系数,此处取1.3;n为阵列数;a为面内晶胞特征尺寸;t为含厚度偏移的端面尺寸;d为曲面偏移的厚度。
最终径向变形驱动器的结构设计与其在ABAQUS仿真软件中加载后变形云图如图4所示。
为深入探究晶胞特征尺寸和材料模量对变形影响,对径向驱动器进行了系统的力学分析。基于虚功原理构建驱动器能量方程,表达式为
e(u,v)-l(u,v)=0
式(3)中:e为驱动器的应变能;l为驱动器的外力功;u为可行域内的位移场;v为可行域内的虚位移场。应变能e和驱动器l的能量表达式为
e ( u , v ) = Ω 0 s ( u ) : E ( u , v ) d Ω l ( u , v ) = Γ i n p v · n d Γ
式(4)中:s为共轭Piola-Kirchhoff应力; E 为Green-Lagrange应变;Ω0为变形前积分域;p为施加气压;Γin为驱动器内腔面积分域;n为内腔面法向量。
为了独立评估尺寸参数对后续分析影响,采用无量纲分析方法。具体而言,根据单胞特征长度a对驱动器尺寸进行标准化,同时利用剪切模量μ对应力和气压进行无量纲化处理。通过该方法,能够更准确地评估径向变形驱动器在不同尺寸和工况下的性能表现,为后续的优化和设计提供更为可靠的依据。无量纲化分析可表示为
e ~= e μ a 3= Ω 0 s ~( u ~): E ˇ( u ~, v ~)dΩ
l ~= l μ a 3= Γ i n p ~ v ~·ndΓ
c ~= c a, d ~= d a, s ~= s μ, u ~= u a, v ~= v a, p ~= p μ
此时等式 e ~= l ~仍然成立,这意味着径向变形驱动器的应变与尺寸无关。为了验证这一结论,在ABAQUS中进行了仿真分析。在仿真中采用了三个具有相同无量纲参数但尺寸比例不同的结构,如图5所示。仿真结果表明,这一系列结构的应变-气压变化曲线几乎完全一致,从而验证了径向变形驱动器应变与结构尺寸无关的结论。这一发现为径向变形驱动器的设计和优化提供了重要的理论依据。
基于前述关于驱动器应变与尺寸无关的结论,可由两个无量纲参数{ c ~, d ~}来设计径向变形驱动器的结构。为了在满足相同驱动条件下实现尽可能大的应变,对驱动器结构进行参数优化显得尤为关键。参数优化的具体流程如下。
(1) 在MATLAB中,根据上述的P型曲面隐式函数方程生成阵列式的三周期极小曲面,并将其以STL格式保存。同时,将端面光滑曲线的插值节点坐标写入文本文件,为后续操作提供数据基础。
(2) 在Rhino中,将生成的STL曲面文件转换为由高精度Catmull Clark细分曲面构成的细分物件,并将该曲面沿内外方向分别偏置0.5倍厚度距离,以生成完整的实体结构。
(3) 在Rhino中,导入之前生成的光滑端面曲线数据文本文件。将曲线沿外法线方向偏置0.5倍厚度距离,并沿面外法线方向进行实体挤出操作,以实现端面气孔密封设计。最终,将完整的结构以STEP文件格式导出,以便后续在仿真软件中进行分析。
(4) 在ABAQUS中,导入生成的STEP文件。随后,添加所使用的Neo-Hookean型超弹性材料模型属性,创建有限元网格,并添加相应的载荷条件以及边界条件。创建分析步后,提交仿真任务进行计算。
整个工作流程的示意图如图6所示。为提高分析效率,利用Python脚本实现了整个流程的自动化。通过这一优化流程,可以更加精准地设计径向变形驱动器,以实现其在特定驱动条件下的最佳性能表现。
最终参数优化结果如图7所示。从图7中分析可得到如下规律:径向驱动器的径向变形应变随着 c ~的增大而增大,但随着 d ~的增大而减小。
为了实现机器人在管道内部的前后向移动功能,并确保加载后不会因过量的径向膨胀而阻碍其运动,纵向变形驱动器结构的设计至关重要。具体而言,这种结构在纵向方向(即z方向)的刚度应小于其在径向方向(即xy方向)的刚度。因此,图2(a)中所示的c<a层状结构为纵向变形驱动器的设计提供了参考范例。在该结构的四周端面上加上密封的端盖即可直接使其成为纵向变形驱动器。其结构设计示意图以及在有限元中的变形云图如图8所示。
与前文中径向变形驱动器的无量纲分析结果相同,驱动器应变与尺寸无关的结论同样适用于纵向驱动器。在前面所提出的MATLAB-Rhino-ABAQUS联合参数优化框架的基础上,可进行纵向变形驱动器的结构设计参数优化,最终的优化结果如图9所示。
本节所讨论的径向变形驱动器和纵向变形驱动器的设计与优化结果为后续管道爬行机器人的结构设计提供了基础。
本节中,基于前文中所设计的径向和纵向变形驱动器,构建了由头部、身体、尾部组成的管道爬行机器人,如图10(a)所示。为确保机器人在实际流体运输管道环境中的运动性能,并充分考虑加工技术限制以及管道内径的限制,在满足这些限制条件的前提下,尽可能提高了驱动器的变形能力,最终确定了机器人两类驱动器的几何特征参数,如表1所示。
为保证所设计管道爬行机器人各个部分的几何形状准确性以及驱动器内部软材料分布的均匀性,采用3D打印技术来完成两类驱动器的加工制造过程。加工两类驱动器所使用的打印机型号为Stratasys J750,打印采用的软材料为Agilus 30 Clear,最终制造并装配完成的管道爬行机器人实物图如10(b)所示。
为实现管道爬行机器人在管道内部的稳定运动,需要对其运动步态进行控制,全部的驱动步态流程如下。
(1) 驱动尾部使机器人与管道内壁实现稳定的锚定。
(2) 保持尾部驱动的同时驱动身体部分使机器人沿着管道方向纵向伸长。
(3) 保持尾部和身体驱动的同时驱动头部使其同样与管道内壁实现锚定。
(4) 保持头部驱动的同时撤销尾部和身体的驱动,此时已实现机器人沿着管道内壁的移动。
如此循环上述四个步态即可连续且稳定地驱动机器人沿管道内壁进行运动,如图11所示。
为进一步验证所设计的管道爬行机器人在小管径管道内的运动性能,基于前面设计并制造的管道爬行机器人样机开展了水平姿态下、竖直姿态下以及载荷条件这一系列工作条件下的机器人运动能力验证实验,实验中所采用的透明亚克力小管径管道外半径为50 mm,内半径为43 mm,管道总长度为1 m。
首先是测试所设计的管道爬行机器人在水平管道中的运动能力,实验过程如图12所示。基于上文中给出的步态控制管道爬行机器人进行循环步态驱动,顺利地实现了机器人沿管道内壁的水平运动。
为验证所设计管道爬行机器人能否在克服自重的工作条件下进行运动,在竖直管道内开展运动实验,如图13所示。在完成4个步态后,机器人沿着管道内壁运动。
最后是验证所设计管道爬行机器人在一定负载条件下的运动能力,本实验中通过在机器人运动前进方向上放置砝码来模拟载荷,如图14所示。与前面的实验结果相同,经过完整的4个步态后,机器人顺利沿着管道内壁进行移动,但由于载荷的作用,机器人移动距离变短。
为了实现小管径管道的内部探测与维护任务,本研究基于三周期极小曲面设计了一款气动软体管道爬行机器人。通过灵活调整三周期极小曲面隐式代数方程的参数,成功构造了两种具有不同驱动功能的驱动器,展示了结构设计的多样性和功能性。为了验证尺寸与结构变形能力之间的无关性,进行了无量纲化分析,并通过Python脚本实现了MATLAB-Rhino-ABAQUS自动化仿真框架,为驱动器的优化提供了高效工具。基于无量纲化分析的结果,完成了两类驱动器针对自由位移性能最大化的参数优化,提升了机器人在管道内的运动效率。
结合前面设计的两类驱动器,构建了一款管道爬行机器人,并详细阐述了其运动的步态循环规律。为了验证机器人的功能,进行了水平爬行、竖直爬行、负重爬行以及流体环境中运动的实验。实验结果表明,该管道爬行机器人能够在各种环境下稳定运行,展示了其在实际应用中的潜力和可靠性。
综上所述,本研究不仅为管道爬行机器人的设计、优化、仿真研究提供了有价值的参考,同时也推动了软体机器人在小管径管道探测与维护领域的应用发展。
  • 国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFB4706500)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401635
  • 接收时间:2024-03-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-08
  • 修回日期:2024-04-17
基金
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFB4706500)
作者信息
    1.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240
    2.中国工程物理研究院计算机应用研究所, 绵阳 621900
    3.中国运载火箭技术研究院, 北京 100076

通讯作者:

* 陈飞飞(1992—),男,汉族,安徽宿州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:软体机器人技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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