Article(id=1156908030676783421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308967, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699977600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-15, revisedDate=1717516800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757968824, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757968824, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757968824, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757968824, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1206, endPage=1213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908031599530304, articleId=1156908030676783421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Numerical Study on Motion Response and Mooring Force of Moored Floating Body on Stepped Seabed, columnId=1156262735643005297, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Hydraulic Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

SPH (smooth particle hydrodynamics) and MoorDyn numerical model were used to investigate systematically the dynamic behavior of moored floating bodies on stepped seabed. Based on the comparison with the experimental data, the influence of wave height and step height on the motion response and mooring force of moored box floating body on stepped seabed was discussed in detail. The results show that the motion response of the two floating bodies increases with the increase of wave height. The mooring power of the other three cables also show an increasing trend except for L3. As the height of the ladder continues to rise, the two floating bodies above and below the seabed ladder appear different change rules. In addition, it is found that the relationship between L2 mooring and L0 and L1 is about 3 times, and the relationship between L2 mooring and L3 is about 2 times.

, correspAuthors=Bin LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Long-fei ZHANG, Le YAO, Yi-kun CHENG, Shan-qun CHEN, Bin LIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908086758822491, articleId=1156908030676783421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=阶梯海床上系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的数值研究, columnId=1156262735810777459, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·水利工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法结合MoorDyn数值模型,对阶梯海床上系泊浮体动力学行为进行系统性地数值探究。在与实验数据进行对比验证的基础上,具体探讨了波高与阶梯高度对阶梯海床上系泊箱式浮体运动响应以及系泊力的影响规律。研究表明,阶梯上下两浮体的运动响应均随波高增大呈现增大趋势;缆绳系泊力除L3的结果曲线规律性不显著外,其余三条缆绳也呈现增大趋势;随着阶梯高度的不断升高,海床阶梯上下两浮体则出现了差异性的变化规律。此外还发现,在不同计算工况下缆绳L2系泊力与L0、L1均约为3倍关系,缆绳L2系泊力与L3均约为2倍关系。

, correspAuthors=廖斌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 廖斌(1985—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=X6eE5ev4C5anckALbf27Ig==, magXml=rz9FUQZ3q+vQc5mtOmS+Rw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=y6xnFm69CYGE76Xzd9AkBg==, pdfFileSize=12078146, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1WZ3xS5UCIbFpsUzvaLTtg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CkrLkHAuDGUZoe9OkM4xlQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张龙飞(1999—),男,汉族,河南登封人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:

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张龙飞(1999—),男,汉族,河南登封人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:

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张龙飞(1999—),男,汉族,河南登封人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:

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Parameters corresponding to the numerical simulation cases

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工况 时间/s 阶梯高度/m 波高/m
S1 10 0.45 0.18
S2 10 0.45 0.22
S3 10 0.45 0.26
S4 10 0.35 0.22
S5 10 0.45 0.22
S6 10 0.55 0.22
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数值模拟工况对应的参数条件

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工况 时间/s 阶梯高度/m 波高/m
S1 10 0.45 0.18
S2 10 0.45 0.22
S3 10 0.45 0.26
S4 10 0.35 0.22
S5 10 0.45 0.22
S6 10 0.55 0.22
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阶梯海床上系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的数值研究
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张龙飞 , 姚乐 , 程奕坤 , 陈善群 , 廖斌 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·水利工程 2025,25(3): 1206-1213
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·水利工程 2025, 25(3): 1206-1213
阶梯海床上系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的数值研究
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张龙飞 , 姚乐, 程奕坤, 陈善群, 廖斌*
作者信息
  • 安徽工程大学建筑工程学院, 芜湖 241000
  • 张龙飞(1999—),男,汉族,河南登封人,硕士研究生。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 廖斌(1985—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:
Numerical Study on Motion Response and Mooring Force of Moored Floating Body on Stepped Seabed
Long-fei ZHANG , Le YAO, Yi-kun CHENG, Shan-qun CHEN, Bin LIAO*
Affiliations
  • School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308967
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采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法结合MoorDyn数值模型,对阶梯海床上系泊浮体动力学行为进行系统性地数值探究。在与实验数据进行对比验证的基础上,具体探讨了波高与阶梯高度对阶梯海床上系泊箱式浮体运动响应以及系泊力的影响规律。研究表明,阶梯上下两浮体的运动响应均随波高增大呈现增大趋势;缆绳系泊力除L3的结果曲线规律性不显著外,其余三条缆绳也呈现增大趋势;随着阶梯高度的不断升高,海床阶梯上下两浮体则出现了差异性的变化规律。此外还发现,在不同计算工况下缆绳L2系泊力与L0、L1均约为3倍关系,缆绳L2系泊力与L3均约为2倍关系。

系泊浮体  /  SPH方法  /  MoorDyn数值模型  /  运动响应  /  系泊力

SPH (smooth particle hydrodynamics) and MoorDyn numerical model were used to investigate systematically the dynamic behavior of moored floating bodies on stepped seabed. Based on the comparison with the experimental data, the influence of wave height and step height on the motion response and mooring force of moored box floating body on stepped seabed was discussed in detail. The results show that the motion response of the two floating bodies increases with the increase of wave height. The mooring power of the other three cables also show an increasing trend except for L3. As the height of the ladder continues to rise, the two floating bodies above and below the seabed ladder appear different change rules. In addition, it is found that the relationship between L2 mooring and L0 and L1 is about 3 times, and the relationship between L2 mooring and L3 is about 2 times.

moored floating bodies  /  SPH method  /  MoorDyn numerical model  /  motion response  /  mooring forces
张龙飞, 姚乐, 程奕坤, 陈善群, 廖斌. 阶梯海床上系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的数值研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1206 -1213 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308967
Long-fei ZHANG, Le YAO, Yi-kun CHENG, Shan-qun CHEN, Bin LIAO. Numerical Study on Motion Response and Mooring Force of Moored Floating Body on Stepped Seabed[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1206 -1213 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308967
随着全球各国能源工业的大力发展,仅对陆地油气资源的开采远不能满足需求,深海油气资源的开采已迫在眉睫。众所周知,由陆地转向海洋以及由海洋浅水转到深水时的油气资源开采难度显著增加,技术人员在深海区域进行作业时都将面临复杂且危险的海洋环境[1]。而浮式波浪能转换器[2]、浮式海上风电机组[3]、浮式海上开采平台[4]等各种海上系泊构筑物可为技术人员提供安全高效的工作环境,但当它们遇到恶劣的海洋风浪环境时,将会影响其工作性能、效率,甚至破坏整个系统,威胁到工作人员人身安全,造成财产损失。因此系泊构筑物在恶劣海洋环境下的安全性和稳定性问题一直广受相关研究人员的关注,研究系泊浮体在各种海洋环境下的运动响应及系泊力具有重要的现实意义和学术价值。
目前,国内外学者在浮体运动响应及系泊力方面已经开展了大量相关研究工作,并取得了诸多成果。宋学敏等[5] 基于自主开发的移动粒子半隐式法(moving particle semi-implicit method, MPS)求解器,引入了改进的边界条件算法和改进的压力梯度模型,对规则波中的浮体运动进行了仿真研究。通过模拟线性波和二阶Stokes波,并与理论结果进行对比分析,验证了MPS方法在数值造波方面的可行性和可靠性。此外,研究还引入胡克定律计算系泊模型的系泊力,通过数值计算分析了波浪中系泊浮体的运动响应,并与理论结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,MPS方法适用于规则波中浮体运动的数值仿真。孟星宇等[6] 以10 MW浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,分析了不同工况和不同系泊参数下系泊缆张力和风机运动响应的变化规律,探讨了系泊缆松弛-张紧现象产生的原因,并分析了不同系泊参数对系泊缆极限张力的影响。研究结果表明,提高导缆孔高度、在系泊缆上增加质量块和浮筒均可有效消除系泊缆松弛状态,减小系泊极限张力,从而保证系泊系统的安全性。Feng等[7]将二维浮体边界元模型与系泊缆绳模型相结合建立了系泊浮体耦合数值模型,针对不同海底条件对系泊浮体的运动响应进行了系统分析。廖斌等[8]基于光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法,发展了一种可用于求解水体中自由浮体运动响应的数值模型,并将该模型用于研究造波池中箱式浮体的运动,获取了箱式浮体六自由度条件下的运动数据以及响应规律。Zhang等[9]使用SPH方法研究了带有系泊的浮式结构的动力学行为,具体分别建立了无系泊与系泊浮体模型,验证了矩形浮箱的三自由度(纵荡、垂荡、纵摇)仿真结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性。最后在此基础上研究了该海水养殖平台在一种典型的年度波浪和台风杜鹃波作用下的三自由度运动响应。陈善群等[10]采用SPH方法对不同Keulegan-Carpenter(KC)数工况下单个浮体以及不同浮体间距δ工况下多浮体的运动响应及系泊力进行了系统研究,发掘了KC数、间距δ对系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的影响规律。由上述研究工作可知,浮体运动响应及系泊力的研究已取得一定的进展,但仍有不足之处,具体表现在:①现有研究工作大多针对单个系泊浮体,多系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的研究相对较少,难以明晰浮体之间相互作用对系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力的影响;②现有研究工作中系泊浮体所处的海洋环境大多为平坦海床,与现实海底条件相差甚远,如阶梯海床等稍为复杂的海底条件较少涉及,造成此类海底条件下系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力物理认知的缺失以及相关机理的认识不清。
针对以上研究工作的不足之处,采用SPH方法结合MoorDyn[11]数值模型对阶梯海床条件下的多系泊浮体的运动响应及系泊力进行了系统研究。具体探讨了波高与海床阶梯高度对阶梯海床上系泊箱式系泊浮体运动响应以及系泊力的影响规律。通过上述研究,可进一步提升了系泊浮体适应复杂海洋环境的能力,对于系泊浮体的外形设计、缆绳选材、运动姿态控制等方面具有重要的参考价值。
SPH方法是一种无网格的拉格朗日方法,它采用粒子来离散连续体,从而达到模拟流体运动的目的。与势流方法和雷诺时均纳维尔-斯托克斯计算流体力学方法等网格方法在处理流固耦合问题上有一定优势[12-14]。在模拟流体运动过程中,要求空间中的粒子拥有各自的物理特性(质量、密度、压力等),从而根据粒子的物理特性来实现位置随时间的更新。
粒子物理特性由平滑函数F(r)来计算,即
F(r)=∫F(r')W(r-r',h)dr
式(1)中:h为平滑长度;rr'为粒子的位置向量;W为核函数[15],一般用无量纲距离q来表示。q的定义为q=r/h,矢径r为任意给定两粒子ij之间的距离,在二维情况下r的取值为7πh2/4,在三维情况下r的取值为21πh2/16。
核函数的表达式为
Wij= 21 16πh3 1 - q 2 4(2q+1), 0≤q≤2
SPH方法采用粒子模拟流体运动时,需要以拉格朗日形式对纳维尔-斯托克斯方程进行求解,得到模拟流体运动守恒的基本方程为
d r i d t=vi
$\frac{\mathrm{d} \boldsymbol{v}_{i}}{\mathrm{~d} t}=-\sum_{j} m_{j}\left(\frac{p_{j}+p_{i}}{\rho_{j} \rho_{i}}+\Pi_{i j}\right) \nabla_{i} W_{i j}+\boldsymbol{g}$
$\begin{aligned} \frac{\mathrm{d} \rho_{i}}{\mathrm{~d} t}= & \sum_{j} m_{j}\left(\boldsymbol{v}_{i}-\boldsymbol{v}_{j}\right) \nabla_{i} W_{i j}+ \\ & 2 \delta h \boldsymbol{c} \sum_{j}\left(\rho_{j}-\rho_{i}\right) \frac{\boldsymbol{r}_{i}-\boldsymbol{r}_{j}}{\boldsymbol{r}_{i}-\boldsymbol{r}_{j}^{2}} \nabla_{i} W_{i j} \frac{m_{j}}{\rho_{j}}\end{aligned}$
式中:以某一粒子i为目标,j粒子为与i相邻的某一粒子;v为速度;m为质量;g为重力加速度;c为当地声速;p为压强;r为位置向量;ρ为密度;Πij为黏性项[16];$2 \delta h \boldsymbol{c} \sum_{j}\left(\rho_{j}-\rho_{i}\right) \frac{\boldsymbol{r}_{i}-\boldsymbol{r}_{j}}{\boldsymbol{r}_{i}-\boldsymbol{r}_{j}^{2}} \nabla_{i} W_{i j} \frac{m_{j}}{\rho_{j}}$为密度耗散项[17];Wij为核函数,Wij= 21 16πh3× 1 - q 2 4(2q+1),0≤q≤2; δ为耗散系数,取值0.1。
在SPH方法中,流体运动的特点是整个流场的密度是弱可压缩的,也就是说每个流体粒子的质量保持不变,但粒子之间的密度会发生变化。为了确保时间步长的合理性,需要采用状态方程来确定流体的压力与密度之间的关系,以调整流体的可压缩性。
计算流体密度变化的微分方程为
$\frac{\mathrm{d} \rho_{i}}{\mathrm{~d} t}=\sum_{j} m_{j}\left(v_{i}-v_{j}\right) \nabla_{i} W_{i j}$
压力和密度之间的关系用状态方程可表示为
p=j ρ ρ 0 γ - 1
j= c 0 2ρ0
式中:γ=7;ρ0为参考密度,ρ0=1 000 m/s3;c0为参考密度下的声速。
此外,流体运动控制方程的时间迭代参考辛-韦利特(Symplectic-Verlet)时域积分格式[18]
采用数值模拟方法对波浪驱动下系泊浮体的运动过程进行模拟,需建立波浪驱动下的系泊浮体运动方程计算系泊浮体的速度、角速度等运动要素与时间之间的关系,并按照定长时间步将运动结果保存。主要求解流程如下:
(1)将系泊浮体视作刚体,在某一时间步n时确定系泊浮体的边缘粒子及其相邻流体粒子,计算流体粒子与边界粒子的质量力并叠加,可得到系泊浮体受到波浪驱动的单位质量力。单个边界粒子k受到单位质量力为fk(fk= i fki,其中fki为流体粒子i施加在边界粒子k的单位质量力),将所有边界粒子受到的单位质量力叠加,系泊浮体所受的波浪驱动单位质量力即为∑mkfk
(2)求解得出时间步n时浮体运动的速度和角速度等运动要素,表达式为
M d v d t= k mkfk
I d ω d t= k mk(rk-R0fk
式中:M为系泊浮体质量;v为系泊浮体速度;I为系泊浮体的转动惯量;ω为浮体的角速度;rk为边界粒子k的位置;R0为浮体的质心位置。
(3)对系泊浮体边界粒子的位置进行更新,继续时间步n+1的求解过程,表达式为
vk=v+ω×(rk-R0)
MoorDyn数值模型采用了一种质量集中方法计算水体中缆绳的系泊力和运动响应。如图1所示,该模型将缆绳分解为多个质量节点,并针对每个质量节点分别进行受力分析,考虑了缆绳受到的各种力和阻尼,主要包括轴向弹性力、阻尼力、重力、浮力、基于Morison经验公式[19]的水动力以及缆绳与海床接触时的垂向弹性力和阻尼力。通过对每个质量节点的受力进行分析,并将它们叠加在一起,得到整个缆绳的受力情况。基于此,MoorDyn数值模型能够在缆绳状态随时间演化的情况下,根据前一时间步的质量节点受力结果来计算后一时间步的质量节点位置。这意味着可以跟踪缆绳在不同时间点的位置和受力情况,从而实现对缆绳运动的准确模拟和预测。
MoorDyn数值模型缆绳质量节点受力分析如图1(b)所示,可知,质量节点满足运动方程
(mi+Ai) R i t=T(i+1)/2-T(i-1)/2+C(i+1)/2+Bi+Dni+Dti+Wi
T(i+1)/2=E π 4 D d 2e(i+1)/2(Ri-Ri+1)
C(i+1)/2=Cint π 4 D d 2 e ( i + 1 ) / 2 t(Ri-Ri+1)
Bi=lD ( z b - z i ) K b - z i t C bex
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{D}_{\mathrm{n} i}= & \frac{1}{2} \rho_{\mathrm{w}} C_{\mathrm{dn}} l D_{\mathrm{d}} \|\left(\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{R}_{i}}{\partial t} \boldsymbol{q}_{i}\right) \boldsymbol{q}_{i}- \\ & \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{R}_{i}}{\partial t} \|\left[\left(\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{R}_{i}}{\partial t} \boldsymbol{q}_{i}\right) \boldsymbol{q}_{i}-\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{R}_{i}}{\partial t}\right] \end{aligned}$
$\boldsymbol{D}_{\mathrm{t} i}=\frac{1}{2} \rho_{\mathrm{w}} C_{\mathrm{dt}} l D_{\mathrm{d}}\left\|\left(\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{R}_{i}}{\partial t} \boldsymbol{q}_{i}\right) \boldsymbol{q}_{i}\right\|\left[\left(\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{R}_{i}}{\partial t} \boldsymbol{q}_{i}\right) \boldsymbol{q}_{i}\right]$
Ai=ρw π 4l D d 2[Can(Im-qi q T i)+Cat(qi q T i)]
式中:mi为质量节点i的质量矩阵;T(i+1)/2C(i-1)/2分别为质量节点i与质量节点i+1之间的弹性力和阻尼力;Bi为质量节点i与海床接触产生的总力(阻尼力和弹性力);DniDti为质量节点i上的法向和切向水动力;Wi为质量节点i位于水下时重力与浮力的差值;Ai为质量节点i因水体运动造成的附加质量力;RiRi+1分别为质量节点i和相邻质量节点i+1的矢径,e(i+1)/2= R i + R i + 1 l-1;l为两相邻质量节点间的长度;E为缆绳的弹性模量;Dd为缆绳的直径;Cint为缆绳阻尼系数;zizb分别为质量节点i的高程与海床的深度;KbCb分别为弹性系数和阻尼系数;ρw为水体密度;qi为单位节点的切向量估值,qi= R i + 1 - R i - 1 R i + 1 - R i - 1 ;CdnCdt为水体的法相和切向的阻尼系数;CanCat为法相和切向的附加质量系数;Im为单位矩阵;exx方向的单位向量。
选取Zhang等[9]波浪驱动下系泊浮体运动响应的实验数据作为对比,以验证SPH方法结合MoorDyn数值模型在模拟波浪驱动下系泊浮体运动响应及系泊力方面的准确性和可行性。验证模型计算域如图2所示,为一个上底19.0 m,下底12.0 m,高4.0 m的倒直角梯形。其中,水体深度为2.0 m。以模型左边与水平面交叉点为原点(0, 0),水平面和模型的左边分别为横、纵坐标轴,建立坐标系。造波板位于模型最左侧,即横坐标为0处。系泊浮体质心坐标为(11.25 m, 0)。左系泊缆绳与海床交接的锚点坐标为(8.5 m, -2.0 m)。右系泊缆绳与海床交接的锚点坐标为(10.0 m, -2.0 m)。系泊浮体为长0.3 m,高0.2 m的矩形。此外,造波板生成的二阶斯托克斯波波高为0.10 m,周期为1.2 s。系泊浮体缆绳长度为0.89 m,每根缆绳被等分为20段,每段直径Dd = 0.01 m,单位长度质量为12 kg/m,缆绳单位长度刚度为4×105 N/m。
图3所示为10.0 ~ 20.0 s之间本文数值求解系泊浮体运动响应结果与实验数据的对比图。由图3可以看出,本文中采用的SPH方法结合MoorDyn数值模型求解系泊浮体运动响应结果与实验数据在纵荡(surge)、垂荡(heave)和纵摇(pitch)三方面均吻合较好。从而说明,本文中采用的SPH方法结合MoorDyn数值模型在求解波浪驱动下系泊浮体运动响应方面具有较高的准确性和较好的适用性。需要说明的是,Zhang等[9]的实验内容并不包含系泊力数据采集,但从系泊浮体的运动响应求解需系泊力的准确求解来看,笔者认为本文中采用的SPH方法结合MoorDyn数值模型在求解波浪驱动下系泊浮体的系泊力方面仍具有较高的准确性和较好的适用性。
阶梯海床上波浪驱动系泊浮体计算模型如图4所示。图4(b)为计算模型示意图。为描述简洁,下文中统一将图4(a)中海床阶梯下方系泊浮体称为浮体Ⅰ,海床阶梯上方系泊浮体称为浮体Ⅱ。整个计算模型的长度区间为[-2.0 m, 4.0 m],其中[-2.0 m, 3.0 m]为工作区,[3.0 m,4.0 m]为消波浅滩,高度区间为[-1.0 m, 0.5 m],静水深度为1.0 m。计算模型的粒子间距取Δx = 0.01 m。阶梯海床高度为0.45 m。初始时刻,浮体漂浮在z坐标为0 m的水面,浮体底部距离水面0.1 m。图4(a)中每个箱式浮体由2条缆绳系泊,同一浮体的两缆绳为同一规格,缆绳从左到右依次为L0~L3,其中L0、L1缆绳长度为0.85 m,L2、L3缆绳长度为0.45 m。缆绳直径为3.656 × 10-3 m,单位长度质量为0.060 7 kg/m,单位长度抗拉刚度为29 kN/m。两浮体为同一规格:长2.0 m、高0.2 m,密度为水体的0.5倍。造波板持续水平往复运动进行造波,满足Madsen造波理论[20],生成的波浪类型为二阶斯托克斯波。浮体Ⅰ左下角坐标为(0, -0.1 m),缆绳L0与浮体Ⅰ左下角相连,与海床连接于(-0.2 m, -0.9 m),缆绳L1与浮体Ⅰ右下角相连,与海床连接于(0.6 m, -0.9 m)。具体工况设计如表1所示。
下面主要讨论阶梯高度d与波高h对系泊浮体运动响应以及系泊力的影响,其中运动响应包括纵荡(surge)、垂荡(heave)及纵摇(pitch)三方面[21]。系泊力包含缆绳L0、L1、L2、L3共4根缆绳所受的波浪力。
图5所示不同波高h工况下双系泊浮体中浮体Ⅰ的运动响应及系泊力随时间的演化曲线。图5(a)~图5(c)中纵荡位移曲线、垂荡位移曲线、纵摇角度曲线在不同波高h工况下的变化规律基本一致,其运动响应大多都随波高h的增大而呈现增大趋势。且纵荡与纵摇的正向位移都略大于负向位移。纵荡位移上限为0.25 m。垂荡位移上限为0.15 m,纵摇偏转角度上限约为24°。进一步分析图5(d)图5(e)可知,缆绳L0、L1的系泊力在波高的递增时大多呈上升趋势。L0系泊力最大值约为400 N。L1系泊力最大值约为340 N。L0系泊力大多要小于L1的系泊力,与纵荡、纵摇两项运动响应正向位移略大于负向位移的结果相对应。
图6所示为不同波高h工况下双系泊浮体中浮体Ⅱ的运动响应及系泊力随时间的演化曲线。分析图6(a)~图6(c)可得,纵荡位移曲线、垂荡位移曲线、纵摇角度曲线在不同波高h工况下的呈现规律性变化,纵荡位移曲线、垂荡位移曲、纵摇角度随波高h的增大而增大。进一步分析图6(d)图6(e)可知,L2与L3的系泊力大多随波高的增大而呈现增大趋势,L2系泊力变化相较于与L3更为显著。从定量分析来看,L2系泊力最大值约为1 100 N。L3系泊力最大值约为510 N。
图7所示为不同阶梯高度d工况下双系泊浮体中浮体I的运动响应及系泊力随时间的演化曲线。图7(a)~图7(c)中纵荡位移曲线、纵摇角度曲线随着阶梯高度d的增大而呈现明显增大趋势。而垂荡位移曲线随阶梯高度d的变化并不显著。进一步分析图7(d)图7(e)可知,缆绳L0系泊力随阶梯高度d变化的规律性不明显,其上限约为375 N。缆绳L1系泊力随阶梯高度d的变大而呈现减小趋势,其最大的系泊力约为375 N。
图8给出了不同阶梯高度d工况下双系泊浮体中浮体II的运动响应及系泊力随时间的演化曲线。分析图8(a)~图8(c)可得,纵荡位移随阶梯高度d的增大而增大。纵摇角度随阶梯高度d的增大而减小。而垂荡位移曲线随阶梯高度d的变化较为混乱。进一步分析图8(d)图8(e)可知,缆绳L2的系泊力随阶梯高度d的增大而呈现减小趋势,其最大值约为1 150 N。缆绳L3的系泊力随阶梯高度d变化的规律性不明显,其最大值约为480 N。
采用SPH方法结合MoorDyn数值模型,建立了阶梯式海床上系泊浮体受波浪驱动的数值模型,并对其运动响应及系泊力进行了系统地数值研究,探讨了阶梯海床对阶梯上下浮体的影响,得到了阶梯高度d、波高h的变化与阶梯上下两浮体在波浪驱动下的运动响应和系泊力的关系。研究结论如下:
(1)浮体Ⅰ的3种运动响应及系泊力随波高h的增大呈增大趋势。
(2)浮体Ⅱ的纵荡、垂荡、纵摇三种运动响应及系泊力随波高h的增大而增大。L2缆绳系泊力随波高h的增大呈增大趋势。
(3)浮体Ⅰ的纵荡、纵摇两种运动响应随阶梯高度d的增大呈现明显的增大趋势。而缆绳L1的系泊力则随阶梯高度d值的增大而减小。
(4)浮体Ⅱ的纵荡运动响应随阶梯高度d值的增大而呈增大趋势,纵摇运动响应随阶梯高度d值的增大而呈减小趋势。同时,缆绳L2的系泊力随阶梯高度d的增大而减小。
(5)海床阶梯的存在导致波浪由深水波变为浅水波,致使浮体Ⅱ的缆绳系泊力大于浮体Ⅰ,尤其L2的系泊力远大于其余3条缆绳。L2系泊力与L0、L1约为3倍关系,L2系泊力与L3约为2倍关系。
  • 安徽省自然科学基金(2308085MA28)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308967
  • 接收时间:2023-11-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
  • 修回日期:2024-06-05
基金
安徽省自然科学基金(2308085MA28)
作者信息
    安徽工程大学建筑工程学院, 芜湖 241000

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* 廖斌(1985—),男,汉族,江西抚州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水动力学。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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