Article(id=1156907875013582972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402268, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711728000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-30, revisedDate=1716307200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757931712, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757931712, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757931712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757931712, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1039, endPage=1046, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156907875865026688, articleId=1156907875013582972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effect of AC Stray Current and Stress Coupling on Corrosion Behavior of Coated Damaged Pipelines, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the similarity in site selection between underground pipelines and power facilities such as high-voltage power lines and urban rail transit power supply systems, underground pipelines are increasingly affected by stray currents generated by power facilities. The impact of AC stray currents on the corrosion rate of pipeline coating defects were simulated and analyzed. The effects of parameters such as AC current magnitude, soil conductivity, internal pressure of the pipeline, stress, distance to grounding electrode, and pipeline radius on corrosion were investigated in the study. The results indicate that when the stress on the pipeline is less than the yield strength, the effect of stress on the corrosion caused by AC stray currents is relatively small. However, after the deformation of the pipeline increases, serious corrosion will be induced by stress. The greater the AC current, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The lower the AC frequency, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The closer the distance to the grounding electrode, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The higher the soil conductivity, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The smaller the pipeline radius, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. These research findings are of significant importance for ensuring the safe operation of oil and gas transportation pipelines under the influence of AC stray currents.

, correspAuthors=Dong-xu SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huan DONG, Gui-yang MA, Dong-xu SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156907939194823472, articleId=1156907875013582972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=交流杂散电流与应力耦合对涂层破损管道腐蚀行为影响, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由于埋地管线与高压电线、城市轨道交通供电系统等电力设施选址类似,导致埋地管道越来越频繁地受到来自电力设施产生的杂散电流影响。通过模拟分析交流杂散电流对管道涂层破损处腐蚀量的影响,研究了交流电流大小、土壤电导率、管道内压、应力、接地极距离和管道半径等参数对腐蚀的影响。结果显示,当管道应力小于屈服强度时,应力对交流杂散电流的腐蚀影响较小,但管道形变增加后,应力将引起严重腐蚀。交流电流越大,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。交流电频率越小,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。接地极距离管道越近,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。土壤的电导率越大,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。管道半径越小,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。研究成果对确保交流杂散电流影响下油气输送管道的安全运行具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=孙东旭, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 孙东旭(1991—),男,汉族,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:油气管道完整性管理、管线钢腐蚀与防护和LNG储运工艺等。E-mail:
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董欢(1999—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:杂散电流对涂层破损管线钢腐蚀。E-mail:

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董欢(1999—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:杂散电流对涂层破损管线钢腐蚀。E-mail:

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董欢(1999—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:杂散电流对涂层破损管线钢腐蚀。E-mail:

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Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation, 2022, 41(4): 458-465., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of interference and corrosion law of high-voltage direct current grounding current on oil and gas pipelines, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204542860528955626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, awardId=52274062, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52274062), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1204542860663173362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, awardId=2023-BS-198, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2023-BS-198), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1204542860814168319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, awardId=LJKMZ20220734, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220734), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204542853910344580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542853918733188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, companyId=1204542853910344580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542853927121798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, companyId=1204542853910344580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=辽宁石油化工大学石油与天然气工程学院, 抚顺 113005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1204542856233988151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=3D model of soil, buried pipeline, and grounding pole of AC system, figureFileSmall=k0Zqvb5ODdXuiPisgpCIFg==, figureFileBig=/WNldxtov1Yzfa8TowtLWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856355622975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图1, caption=土壤、埋地管道、交流系统接地极三维模型图, figureFileSmall=k0Zqvb5ODdXuiPisgpCIFg==, figureFileBig=/WNldxtov1Yzfa8TowtLWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856535978062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Quality change of pipeline corroded for 100 hours without internal pressure, figureFileSmall=xd0SSzIACPjo5f1r+I7DIw==, figureFileBig=Y353Tyv+DdhhNQlvibqxJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856657612885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图2, caption=无内压时管道被腐蚀100 h后质量变化, figureFileSmall=xd0SSzIACPjo5f1r+I7DIw==, figureFileBig=Y353Tyv+DdhhNQlvibqxJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856775053401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The ground electrode current is 30 A under no internal pressure and the coating at the damaged area corrodes, with mass change observed after 100 hours, figureFileSmall=ttAAxdU6FlnGRzpuvCDBzA==, figureFileBig=APRg6wbCNEnNH3mIV9XvMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856867328095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图3, caption=无内压时接地极电流为30 A时涂层破损处被腐蚀100 h后质量变化, figureFileSmall=ttAAxdU6FlnGRzpuvCDBzA==, figureFileBig=APRg6wbCNEnNH3mIV9XvMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858020761700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The effect of soil conductivity, ground electrode position, frequency, and radius on pipeline mass change after 100 hours of corrosion under no internal pressure, figureFileSmall=+aW3XqKiT+qTvbe5BpJSow==, figureFileBig=JDyCYcoKrNFKtkOYNVwJaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858289197165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图4, caption=无内压时土壤电导率、接地极位置、频率、半径对管道被腐蚀100 h后质量变化, figureFileSmall=+aW3XqKiT+qTvbe5BpJSow==, figureFileBig=JDyCYcoKrNFKtkOYNVwJaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858410831990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Mass change of the pipeline after 100 hours of corrosion under internal pressure, figureFileSmall=UU9fLS+meCqCP4yq1xLBJA==, figureFileBig=aFfxiKpnbBtEjcywyqKL8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858561826940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图5, caption=有内压时管道被腐蚀后100 h后质量变化, figureFileSmall=UU9fLS+meCqCP4yq1xLBJA==, figureFileBig=aFfxiKpnbBtEjcywyqKL8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858679267459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Mass change at the damaged coating after 100 hours of corrosion with a 30 A ground electrode current under internal pressure, figureFileSmall=wfRVSS+imAbvV6zavlhd6w==, figureFileBig=VdEObwUrHK1LWmp9SIFk0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858784125064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图6, caption=有内压时接地极电流为30 A时涂层破损处被腐蚀100 h后质量变化, figureFileSmall=wfRVSS+imAbvV6zavlhd6w==, figureFileBig=VdEObwUrHK1LWmp9SIFk0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858918342799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Changes in the total corrosion mass of the potential at the coating damage location over time at a grounding electrode current of 200 A, figureFileSmall=nNM6PMGIiTlVF12EEUGmQw==, figureFileBig=hphlWdY0Dg/Od2XBGKft4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859039977621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图7, caption=接地极电流200 A时随时间变化涂层破损处的电位的腐蚀总质量的变化图, figureFileSmall=nNM6PMGIiTlVF12EEUGmQw==, figureFileBig=hphlWdY0Dg/Od2XBGKft4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859190972572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The effect of soil conductivity, ground electrode position, frequency, and radius on pipeline mass change after 100 hours of corrosion under internal pressure, figureFileSmall=ix17eHvibFVelxiBoe2CGQ==, figureFileBig=lnjr5tGVu1oT3mEiM9ovDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859279052959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图8, caption=有内压时土壤电导率、接地极位置、频率、半径对管道被腐蚀100 h后质量变化, figureFileSmall=ix17eHvibFVelxiBoe2CGQ==, figureFileBig=lnjr5tGVu1oT3mEiM9ovDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859396493479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Changes in total corrosion mass for 100 h under different internal pressures in pipelines, figureFileSmall=3jB5nMaRDAA9Po3hNktv6Q==, figureFileBig=ouPN6EKOxMhOyqVBPaC4kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859530711215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=图9, caption=管道内压不同时100 h的腐蚀总质量的变化图, figureFileSmall=3jB5nMaRDAA9Po3hNktv6Q==, figureFileBig=ouPN6EKOxMhOyqVBPaC4kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859669123255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Expression of control equation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 符号 表达式
接地极电流密度 Fv Fv=Asin(ωt)
电流密度 iapp iapp=Fv/(2πrL)
硬化函数 σyhard $\sigma_{\text {yhard }}=\sigma_{\exp }\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{p}}+\frac{\sigma_{\mathrm{e}}}{E}\right)-\sigma_{\mathrm{ys}}$
局部阳极电流密度 ia ia=i0a 10 η a A a
阳极反应的过电位 ηa ηa=ϕs-ϕI-Eeq0a
局部阴极电流密度 Eeqa $E_{\mathrm{eqa}}=E_{\mathrm{eq} 0 \mathrm{a}}-\frac{\Delta P_{\mathrm{m}} V_{\mathrm{m}}}{z F}-\frac{T R}{z F} \ln \left(\frac{\nu \alpha}{N_{0}} \varepsilon_{\mathrm{p}}+1\right)$
阴极反应的过电位 ic ic=i0c 10 η c A c
极反应平衡电位 ηc ηc=ϕs-ϕI-Eeq0c
阴极反应的交换电流密度 i0c i0c=i0c,ref1 0 s e V m   6   F   ( - A c )
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859782369471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

控制方程表达式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 符号 表达式
接地极电流密度 Fv Fv=Asin(ωt)
电流密度 iapp iapp=Fv/(2πrL)
硬化函数 σyhard $\sigma_{\text {yhard }}=\sigma_{\exp }\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{p}}+\frac{\sigma_{\mathrm{e}}}{E}\right)-\sigma_{\mathrm{ys}}$
局部阳极电流密度 ia ia=i0a 10 η a A a
阳极反应的过电位 ηa ηa=ϕs-ϕI-Eeq0a
局部阴极电流密度 Eeqa $E_{\mathrm{eqa}}=E_{\mathrm{eq} 0 \mathrm{a}}-\frac{\Delta P_{\mathrm{m}} V_{\mathrm{m}}}{z F}-\frac{T R}{z F} \ln \left(\frac{\nu \alpha}{N_{0}} \varepsilon_{\mathrm{p}}+1\right)$
阴极反应的过电位 ic ic=i0c 10 η c A c
极反应平衡电位 ηc ηc=ϕs-ϕI-Eeq0c
阴极反应的交换电流密度 i0c i0c=i0c,ref1 0 s e V m   6   F   ( - A c )
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859920781510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of stray current interference simulation condition of AC unipolar system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 名称 数值 参数 名称 数值
R1 管道电阻 4×10-7 bc 氢析出的Tafel斜率 -207
R2 土壤电阻 200 ΔPm 导致弹性变形的过压 806×106
L 接地极到管道的距离 22 Vm 摩尔体积 7.13×10-6
ic 接地电流 200 zm 电荷数目 2
R3 涂层电阻 5 000 T 温度 298.15
disp 位移 0.001 nu 方向相关因子 0.45
Eeq0a 无应力条件下相对于SCE的铁溶解平衡电位 -0.859 α 系数 1.67×1011
Eeq0c 无应力条件下相对于SCE的氢析出平衡电位 -0.644 N0 初始位错密度 1×108
i0a 铁溶解的交换电流密度 2.353×10-3 ΔEeqae 弹性变形引起的平衡电位 -0.009 926 9
ba 铁溶解的Tafel斜率 118 σ 电解质电导率 0.096
i0c 氢析出的交换电流密度 1.457×10-2 r 管道半径 0.6
P 管道内部压力 4×106 L1 接地极长度 5
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860046610639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

交流杂散电流系统干扰模拟工况参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 名称 数值 参数 名称 数值
R1 管道电阻 4×10-7 bc 氢析出的Tafel斜率 -207
R2 土壤电阻 200 ΔPm 导致弹性变形的过压 806×106
L 接地极到管道的距离 22 Vm 摩尔体积 7.13×10-6
ic 接地电流 200 zm 电荷数目 2
R3 涂层电阻 5 000 T 温度 298.15
disp 位移 0.001 nu 方向相关因子 0.45
Eeq0a 无应力条件下相对于SCE的铁溶解平衡电位 -0.859 α 系数 1.67×1011
Eeq0c 无应力条件下相对于SCE的氢析出平衡电位 -0.644 N0 初始位错密度 1×108
i0a 铁溶解的交换电流密度 2.353×10-3 ΔEeqae 弹性变形引起的平衡电位 -0.009 926 9
ba 铁溶解的Tafel斜率 118 σ 电解质电导率 0.096
i0c 氢析出的交换电流密度 1.457×10-2 r 管道半径 0.6
P 管道内部压力 4×106 L1 接地极长度 5
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860168245459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907875013582972, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Model validation results

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涂层破损处的
位置/m
时间/min 电位/V 误差/%
模拟 实验
2 10 -0.728 -0.766 4.9
4 50 -0.732 -0.764 4.2
2 90 -0.858 -0.899 4.6
4 120 -0.821 -0.844 2.7
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模型验证结果

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涂层破损处的
位置/m
时间/min 电位/V 误差/%
模拟 实验
2 10 -0.728 -0.766 4.9
4 50 -0.732 -0.764 4.2
2 90 -0.858 -0.899 4.6
4 120 -0.821 -0.844 2.7
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交流杂散电流与应力耦合对涂层破损管道腐蚀行为影响
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董欢 , 马贵阳 , 孙东旭 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(3): 1039-1046
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(3): 1039-1046
交流杂散电流与应力耦合对涂层破损管道腐蚀行为影响
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董欢 , 马贵阳, 孙东旭*
作者信息
  • 辽宁石油化工大学石油与天然气工程学院, 抚顺 113005
  • 董欢(1999—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:杂散电流对涂层破损管线钢腐蚀。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 孙东旭(1991—),男,汉族,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:油气管道完整性管理、管线钢腐蚀与防护和LNG储运工艺等。E-mail:
Effect of AC Stray Current and Stress Coupling on Corrosion Behavior of Coated Damaged Pipelines
Huan DONG , Gui-yang MA, Dong-xu SUN*
Affiliations
  • School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113005, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402268
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由于埋地管线与高压电线、城市轨道交通供电系统等电力设施选址类似,导致埋地管道越来越频繁地受到来自电力设施产生的杂散电流影响。通过模拟分析交流杂散电流对管道涂层破损处腐蚀量的影响,研究了交流电流大小、土壤电导率、管道内压、应力、接地极距离和管道半径等参数对腐蚀的影响。结果显示,当管道应力小于屈服强度时,应力对交流杂散电流的腐蚀影响较小,但管道形变增加后,应力将引起严重腐蚀。交流电流越大,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。交流电频率越小,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。接地极距离管道越近,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。土壤的电导率越大,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。管道半径越小,管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量越大。研究成果对确保交流杂散电流影响下油气输送管道的安全运行具有重要意义。

交流杂散电流  /  应力  /  涂层破损  /  数值模拟

Due to the similarity in site selection between underground pipelines and power facilities such as high-voltage power lines and urban rail transit power supply systems, underground pipelines are increasingly affected by stray currents generated by power facilities. The impact of AC stray currents on the corrosion rate of pipeline coating defects were simulated and analyzed. The effects of parameters such as AC current magnitude, soil conductivity, internal pressure of the pipeline, stress, distance to grounding electrode, and pipeline radius on corrosion were investigated in the study. The results indicate that when the stress on the pipeline is less than the yield strength, the effect of stress on the corrosion caused by AC stray currents is relatively small. However, after the deformation of the pipeline increases, serious corrosion will be induced by stress. The greater the AC current, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The lower the AC frequency, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The closer the distance to the grounding electrode, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The higher the soil conductivity, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. The smaller the pipeline radius, the greater the corrosion at the defects of the pipeline coating. These research findings are of significant importance for ensuring the safe operation of oil and gas transportation pipelines under the influence of AC stray currents.

AC stray current  /  stress  /  coating damage  /  numerical simulation
董欢, 马贵阳, 孙东旭. 交流杂散电流与应力耦合对涂层破损管道腐蚀行为影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1039 -1046 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402268
Huan DONG, Gui-yang MA, Dong-xu SUN. Effect of AC Stray Current and Stress Coupling on Corrosion Behavior of Coated Damaged Pipelines[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 1039 -1046 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402268
近几十年来,随着国家经济的快速发展,各个行业对石油、天然气和电力等能源的需求不断上升。为满足各个行业对于能源的需求和促进能源结构的调整,地下油气长输管道的铺设距离快速增长[1-2],同时高压交流输电的里程也在不断扩大。然而,受限于空间和地理条件,埋地管线与高压电线、城市轨道交通供电系统等电力设施平行和交叉铺设越来越多,导致埋地管道遭受来自电力设施产生的交流杂散电流的干扰越来越多[3-6]。这种交流杂散电流会加速金属管道的腐蚀,导致油气管道壁厚减薄,甚至可能引发腐蚀穿孔,导致油气泄露,从而造成能源资源的浪费和环境的污染,甚至危及人员的生命安全[7-8]。因此,解决和应对交流杂散电流对管道的干扰问题变得十分紧迫和重要。
韦博鑫等[9]发现X80管线钢在交流电正半轴发生氧化反应负半轴发生还原反应,且氧化反应的影响远大于还原反应。当X80管道在酸性土壤中,给管道一定的交流干扰,管道的腐蚀电流密度会迅速上升且当施加的交流电干扰大于等于80 A/m2,管道的腐蚀电流密度比没有交流干扰的腐蚀电流密度大几倍甚至几十倍。徐成[10]的研究表明,在交流杂散电流的作用下,当缺陷面积不变,杂散电流密度从0增加到30 A/m2时,缺陷处的剥离面积显著增加。当杂散电流密度大于30 A/m2时,剥离面积基本保持不变。这说明存在一临界电流密度,使涂层剥离面积达到最大值。Zhu等[11]研究发现,在交流干扰的情况下,管线钢容易发生点蚀现象,并且在凹坑和涂层剥落处,钢材的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性会随着交流电流密度的增加而增加。由于杂散电流腐蚀受多种因素影响,目前尚未找到合理的解决方法,特别是在交流腐蚀机理方面,国内外学者尚未形成较为统一的共识。在实际的管道施工运行环境中,交流干扰必然会对涂层破损管道的腐蚀行为产生影响。此外,目前的多数研究还未考虑管道应力与交流电耦合对管道腐蚀的影响。因此,针对交流杂散电流与应力耦合下对涂层破损管道的腐蚀研究,是当前需要重点关注的方向。本研究利用数值模拟方法,分析了交流杂散电流与应力耦合对涂层破损处管线钢腐蚀规律的影响,为埋地管道的安全运行提供了理论支持。
本项目构建一个由30 m×20 m×35 m矩形构成的三维土壤结构,将土壤作为一个整体,不考虑其电阻率的影响,构建出一个由土壤、埋地管线、交流输电线路等构成的三维模型(图1)。交流杂散电流接地极以一个圆柱体来代替其半径0.6 m、高5 m,分别在距离长方体土壤中心左右两端各 14.5 m的地方设置接地极,埋深设置为4 m。埋地管道以水平圆柱表示半径0.6 m、长15 m,其位置设在长方体土壤中心,在埋地管道外部设置涂层。在2 m和11 m的管线上留有2 m长的暴露段,用于模拟管道涂层的破损。
边界条件为绝缘边界条件,电流输入端子;将法向电流为0的土壤区的6个平面作为电绝缘边界,也就是交流电接地电流仅在土壤区及管线内存在,而在土壤区之外,则电流为0。设定接地极A、B分别作为电压输出终端,赋予一个接地极A一定大小的电流,并设置另一个接地极B电流为0,表示电流从接地极A流入土壤又返回接地极B。在管道受轴向应变的前提下采用小塑性形变模型,同时在管道域内设置一定大小的内压。此外,在管道外设置一个更大圆柱体,以模拟管道外的涂层。
由于在现实的环境中,土地的环境状况比较复杂,而且会被各个方面的因素所干扰。为了方便进行研究和分析,将埋地的金属管道受到交流杂散电流干扰的数学模型简化为:①在土壤介质中,各种因素都是稳定不变的,只有接地流对其产生了影响,并且在附近的土壤中,会产生一个稳定的静磁场;②从接地极处流出到土中的电流符合欧姆法则,没有源点和汇点,在计算范围之外的土体电势就是天然电势。
在此基础上,利用小塑性模型对管内区域进行了应力模拟,并以阳极与阴极半电池反应的塔菲尔公式为基础,构建了相应的数学模型,如表1所示。
有关参数如表2所示,构建土壤、埋地管线、交流杂散电流系统接地极的三维数学模型,并进行求解:①网格剖分,对埋地管线、交流杂散电流接地极采用自由三角形和极细化网格剖分,剩余区域则利用自由四面体和较细化进行剖分;②设定求解器,先使用稳态求解器进行初步计算,然后使用瞬态求解器对管道涂层破损处100 h后的腐蚀量进行计算。
文献[12]通过搭建小型实验模型对受到交流杂散电流干扰涂层破损处金属基体经行实验,选取管道涂层破损处的位置进行模型验证(10、50、90、120 min)。保持模型设置的计算参数与文献[12]一致,将模拟结果与实际测量数据经行对比,结果如表3所示。由表3可知,现场实测数据与模拟结果之间的误差小于 5%,模型可用于后续研究。
设置交流系统的接地极电流大小是变化的,将土壤电导率、管道半径分别设置为0.005 S/m、0.6 m、管道与接地极相距6 m、管道埋深5 m,接地极埋深为4 m,模拟得到沿管道100 h后管道涂层破损处腐蚀情况和管道腐蚀的曲线如图2图3所示。
图2图3可知,直流杂散电流在涂层缺陷处呈现出不均匀的分布,尤其是缺陷边缘处的杂散电流密度明显高于缺陷中心处。因此,可以推断管道缺陷边缘处受到直流杂散腐蚀的影响最为严重,而管道缺陷的中心处腐蚀相对较轻,结果与李丹丹[13]的结论基本一致。由图2图3可见,当接地电流从30 A增加到50 A时,管道涂层破损处的腐蚀量随着电流的增加而增加,这时候涂层破损处发生均匀腐蚀,当电流增加到100 A时管道涂层破损处的腐蚀量反而比30、50 A时小,当电流增加到200 A时管道涂层破损处的腐蚀量远大于30、50、100 A时的管道涂层破损处的腐蚀量。通过分析得到结论与直流杂散电流相似,交流杂散电流虽然管道被腐蚀初期,管道表面不断形成沉淀物,但随着沉淀物的不断生成,管道表面生成一层沉淀物膜阻碍了反应的进行。当接地极电流增大时,使管道破损处产生沉淀物膜,使电流不易到达管道破损处,从而使反应速度降低,但是当接地电流增加到足够大时,会击穿产物膜,从而使反应速度增加。
其他参数不变的情况下,分别对交流电频率、土壤的电导率等干扰参数进行调整,研究各种干扰参数对管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀规律的影响,结果如图4所示。从图4(a)可以看出,在不考虑其他因素的条件下,仅改变频率,涂层破损管道的腐蚀量随着频率的增加而减小,但是对腐蚀量的影响很小。从图4(b)可以看出,接地极入地电流不会改变,流进到土壤中的总的电流值也不会改变,所以流入管道涂层的缺陷中的电压幅值会随土壤电导率的增加而增加,也就是说,在该缺陷中的电流密度与该土壤电导率呈正比例。随着土壤电导率的增大,从接地极进入土壤中的电流基本不发生变化,而从土壤进入管道中的电流增加,导致管道的腐蚀量增加。由图4(c)可以看出土壤的导电系数为0.005~0.010 S/m时管道的腐蚀量曲线近乎约等于直线,管道发生均匀腐蚀。由图4(c)可知杂散电流从土壤流至涂层缺陷1,又从涂层缺陷1流入管道,最后从涂层缺陷2流入土壤。因此管道距离接地极越远,接地极电流越难从土壤流到缺陷1处,缺陷1处的杂散电流密度越小,管道的腐蚀量越小,管道越不容易被腐蚀。但可以清晰地看到当接地极距离管道存在一个范围,当接地极距离管道处于这个范围的时候,管道破损处的中心处也会发生严重的腐蚀。通过对交流杂散电流系统的腐蚀机理分析,可知管道涂层缺陷1为电化学反应的阳极区,发生氧化反应,管道被溶解。由图4(d)可见当改变管道半径时,由于涂层缺陷大小不变,管径小的管道比管径大的管道的缺陷深度深,管道缺陷处的腐蚀量会随着半径的增大而减小,结果与赵书华等[14]的结论基本吻合。半径小的管道,涂层缺陷处发生严重的均匀腐蚀而管径大的管道局部不容易被腐蚀。
保持其他参数不变的情况下,设置管道轴向应力是随时间变化的函数,管道的内压为4 MPa,模拟得到沿管道100 h后管道涂层破损处腐蚀情况和管道腐蚀的曲线如图5~图7所示。油气管道的一般的设计压力1.6~10 MPa,很少有超过10 MPa, 所以在本模拟中将管道内压设为4 MPa,用来模拟正常管道应力对管道腐蚀的影响。
图5可见当电流在0~50 A时管道缺陷处基本上发生均匀腐蚀,且100 A以上是管道发生局部腐蚀甚至点蚀。将图5图2图6图3比较可知,在有应力的情况管道破损处的腐蚀量呈梯形趋势,而没有应力影响的的条件下管道破损处的腐蚀量呈直线型,且发现电流击穿产物膜存在以极值,再有应力干扰的情况下会使这个极值前移。分析可知在有应力影响的情况下,管道更容易被腐蚀。应力腐蚀的阳极平衡电位由弹性和塑性变形项的阳极平衡电位加上铁溶解的平衡电位,阴极的交换电流密度变形为包含应力因子的阴极交换电流密度。应力腐蚀通过影响这两项来影响管道腐蚀的速率。
与前文图2不同的当接地电流增大时,管道会产生产物膜,在应力的干扰下管道的产物膜更容易被击穿且可以清晰地看出管道破损的边缘处的腐蚀速率明显大于中间处的腐蚀速率。由图7可以看出当电流过大时,管道破损处的产物膜会被击穿,会增加管道腐蚀速率。
其他参数不变的情况下,分别对交流电的频率、土壤的电导率等参数进行调整,来研究各个参数对管道破损处腐蚀量的影响,结果如图8所示。
图8(a)可知改变交流电频率的大小,与前文类似,涂层破损管道的腐蚀量随着频率的增加而减小,但是对腐蚀量的影响很小;由图8(b)可以看到不同的土壤电导率反应的是土壤传递电流能力的强弱,随着土壤电导率增加,在接地极流出电流相同的情况下,流到管道涂层破损处的电流就越多。所以管道在土壤电导率不同的情况下,管道腐蚀速度不同,且土壤电导率越大管道被腐蚀的越剧烈。通过对比图4(b)可知在没有应力条件的情况下改变土壤电导率对管道破损处的腐蚀反而更加剧烈。由图8(c)可见管道随着距离接地极越近,管道的腐蚀量也在增大。而且与前文类似管道破损的边缘处更容易遭到腐蚀。通过对图8(d)分析可知,由于涂层缺陷的大小不变,改变管道半径,管径小的管道涂层缺陷深度比管径大的管道深,所以涂层破损时管径小的管道更容易被腐蚀。比较有内压和无内压条件下,半径为0.7 m时管道的腐蚀量曲线发现在有内压条件下,管道更容易被腐蚀。当在实际施工中对管线的选择上,在施工环境许可的情况下,要尽可能选择直径大的管线;在进行管线维修中,要着重注意管线涂层裂缝的深度。通过比较图8(a)~图8(d)可以发现当改变参数使流入管道破损点处的电流增大,会使管道的腐蚀速率增加,当流入管道破损处的电流大到一定的程度时,产物的生成速率大于产物的溶解速率或者被氧化的速率,反而导致管道的腐蚀速率减小,最后当电流大到一定程度时,会击穿产物膜,导致管道腐蚀速率增加。
保持其他参数不变,仅改变管道内压,研究内压对管道涂层缺陷处腐蚀量大小和电流密度分布影响,结果如图9所示。管道内压很小时,对管道涂层破损处的腐蚀几乎没有影响,随着管道内压的增加,使管道发生形变时会导致涂层破损处的金属基体被严重腐蚀。当内压小于管道的屈服应力时,对管道的弹性和塑性变形项的阳极平衡电位加上铁溶解的平衡电位和阴极的交换电流密度变形为包含应力因子的阴极交换电流密度几乎不变,管道涂层破损处发生均匀腐蚀。当管道内压大于管道的屈应力时,管道发生变形,管道的弹性和塑性变形项的阳极平衡电位加上铁溶解的平衡电位,阴极的交换电流密度变形为包含应力因子的阴极交换电流密度会发生较大的变化,从而使管道破损处发生严重的腐蚀。
交流杂散电流通过接地极流入土壤,由于管线钢涂层破损区域金属基体暴露,电导率较高,接地电流更容易从缺陷处流入管道中,且腐蚀性介质更容易接触到金属基体。在腐蚀性物质和交流杂散电流共同作用下,金属基体开始出现腐蚀现象,腐蚀产物随之生成。随着反应的进行,腐蚀产物不断生成至一定量后,它们会覆盖住缺陷,使得氧气无法继续向腐蚀产物深处渗透。但是在这种情况下,氧气还是可以通过涂层并在缺陷周围聚集,造成缺陷边缘富含氧气而中心区域缺乏氧气,由此产生了独立的阳极区与阴极区。阳极区域表现出金属溶解过程,呈酸性。相反,阴极区域则是氢氧根的生成,呈碱性,导致涂层附着力下降使得金属裸露面积增大,从而进一步加剧了金属基体的腐蚀。
通过采用数值模拟方法,深入地分析了在管道有无应力条件下接地极电流、土壤电导率、管道接地极距离与交流电频率等因素对管道涂层破损处电流密度和腐蚀量的影响。电气系统接地极电流大小、管道与接地极位置、土壤电导率、管道半径、应力均对有涂层缺陷管道的杂散电流密度分布和腐蚀量有显著影响。具体结论如下:
(1)当交流电的频率增加时,管道破损处的腐蚀量反而减小,但与其他因素相比频率对管道的腐蚀影响较小。
(2)当接地极电流在一定范围内增加时,接地电流越大,导致杂散电流密度值也越大,从而使得管道涂层缺陷处的腐蚀量增加。同时,当交流电过大时,可能会导致管道防腐涂层击穿,进而加剧腐蚀问题。
(3)管道与接地极的位置距离较近时,流入缺陷处的电流增大,导致杂散电流密度值增大,进而引发管道涂层缺陷处的腐蚀加剧。因此,在实际工程中应避免接地极与管道相距过近。
(4)当土壤的电导率增大时,缺陷处的流入电流增大,导致交流杂散电流密度值增大,从而提高了管道涂层缺陷处的腐蚀量。因此,在管道建设时,应优先选择土壤电导率较小的区域进行建设。
(5)管道的半径也对腐蚀问题有影响。随着管径的增加,缺陷处的流入电流减小,使得杂散电流密度值减小,从而降低了涂层缺陷处的腐蚀量。
(6)当管道应力小于管道的屈服应力时,管道不会发生形变,且管道的阳极平衡电位和阴极的交换电流密度几乎不变。然而,当管道内压大于管道的屈服应力时,管道会发生变形,导致阳极平衡电位和阴极交换电流密度发生较大的变化,进而造成管道破损处的严重腐蚀。因此,在管道施工过程中需要尽量减小施工应力。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52274062)
  • 辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2023-BS-198)
  • 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220734)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402268
  • 接收时间:2024-03-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-30
  • 修回日期:2024-05-22
基金
国家自然科学基金(52274062)
辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2023-BS-198)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220734)
作者信息
    辽宁石油化工大学石油与天然气工程学院, 抚顺 113005

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* 孙东旭(1991—),男,汉族,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:油气管道完整性管理、管线钢腐蚀与防护和LNG储运工艺等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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