Article(id=1156907874183107497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700064000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-16, revisedDate=1719158400000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757931514, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757931514, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757931514, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757931514, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=992, endPage=998, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156907875315569588, articleId=1156907874183107497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Corrosion Failure Analysis of D-class Rod in a Fire Drive Production Well in Xinjiang Oilfield, columnId=1156264152168518571, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The rod of a fire drive production well in Xinjiang oilfield is seriously corroded, and there are many corrosion pits on the surface. In order to find out the cause of rod corrosion failure, the metallographic structure and physical and chemical properties of the failed rod were tested and analyzed, and the corrosion characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis, and the failure causes were found out combined with the service conditions of the rod. The results show that the chemical composition, metalloid structure and inclusions of the D-class rod meet the standard requirements of the rod. The rod has only been in service for 1 year and 8 months and its diameter has decreased from 19 mm to 16 mm, the average corrosion rate is 1.796 mm /a, and the maximum surface corrosion pit depth is 2.1 mm. The surface of the rod is mainly attached with FeCO3, FeS and CaCO3. It is judged that the rod is corroded by CO2/H2S and underscale corrosion caused by high salinity produced water. At the same time, a large amount of Cl- in the produced liquid promotes the development of pitting pits. It is recommended to inject corrosion and scale inhibitor into production wells with temperature lower than 50 ℃, pH value between 6 and 8, and formation water belonging to high calcium and high chlorine to protect the D-class rod and extend the service life of the rod.

, correspAuthors=De-zhi ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jie LI, Yi-yang LI, Ri-gu SU, Cheng-xiu YU, Kun DING, Deng-ya CHEN, De-zhi ZENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156907942961304110, articleId=1156907874183107497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=新疆油田火驱区块采油井D级杆腐蚀失效分析, columnId=1156264152306930605, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·矿冶工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

新疆油田某火驱采油井抽油杆腐蚀严重,表面有多处腐蚀坑。为找出抽油杆腐蚀失效原因,对失效抽油杆进行金相组织和理化性能测试分析,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射分析等进行腐蚀特征分析,结合抽油杆服役工况找出失效原因。结果表明:D级抽油杆的化学成分、金相组织、夹杂物等均符合抽油杆标准要求,抽油杆服役仅1年8个月直径从19 mm降为16 mm,平均腐蚀速率为1.796 mm/a,表面最大腐蚀坑深度为2.1 mm。抽油杆表面附着物主要为FeCO3、FeS、CaCO3,判断抽油杆发生了CO2/H2S腐蚀、高矿化度采出水引起的垢下腐蚀,同时,采出液中大量的Cl-促进了点蚀坑的发展。建议对温度低于50 ℃、pH介于6~8、地层水属于高钙、高氯的采油井注入缓蚀阻垢剂对D级抽油杆进行防护,延长抽油杆使用寿命。

, correspAuthors=曾德智, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 曾德智(1980—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,教授。研究方向:石油管工程。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=yA1coxMZVU5eRDnpFarL/A==, magXml=+rtZKdc+qGq7P3AtwZAFRA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TGAuzTPkPyTGmK/Uxhdx1w==, pdfFileSize=16013991, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=AvFznsg/BmtgZdkX6Dsong==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+l6A1EK+0SB6RZtK3usuqQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李杰(1982—),男,汉族,四川南充人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

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李杰(1982—),男,汉族,四川南充人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

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李杰(1982—),男,汉族,四川南充人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=iSMRugEyC7zaMYyKf5wyng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859186774980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=CN, label=图10, caption=抽油杆垢下腐蚀示意图, figureFileSmall=yK3OsZQc6cjNhonvbJ93Yg==, figureFileBig=iSMRugEyC7zaMYyKf5wyng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859270661064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Water sample analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
离子类型 HCO 3 - Cl- SO 4 2 - Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+、K+ 矿化度
质量浓度/(mg·L-1) 2 818 3 603.14 945.8 224.5 108.9 3 389 11 089.94
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859392295887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

水样分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
离子类型 HCO 3 - Cl- SO 4 2 - Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+、K+ 矿化度
质量浓度/(mg·L-1) 2 818 3 603.14 945.8 224.5 108.9 3 389 11 089.94
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859522319319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test results of rod chemical composition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学成分 质量分数/%
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Cu Mo 对比结果
GB/T 20123—2006 0.35 0.31 0.47 0.014 0.013 0.076 0.89 0.01 0.20 完全符合
GB/T 3077—2015 0.32~0.40 0.17~0.37 0.40~0.70 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 0.80~1.10 ≤0.03 0.15~0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859652342750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

抽油杆化学组成检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学成分 质量分数/%
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Cu Mo 对比结果
GB/T 20123—2006 0.35 0.31 0.47 0.014 0.013 0.076 0.89 0.01 0.20 完全符合
GB/T 3077—2015 0.32~0.40 0.17~0.37 0.40~0.70 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 0.80~1.10 ≤0.03 0.15~0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859753006054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of nonmetallic inclusion and grain size rating of failed D-class rod

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测方向 非金属夹杂物 金相组织 晶粒度
横向 C类1.5级细 回火索氏体 9.5级
纵向 D类0.5级细 回火索氏体 9.5级
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859891418092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907874183107497, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

失效D级抽油杆非金属夹杂、晶粒度评级结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测方向 非金属夹杂物 金相组织 晶粒度
横向 C类1.5级细 回火索氏体 9.5级
纵向 D类0.5级细 回火索氏体 9.5级
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新疆油田火驱区块采油井D级杆腐蚀失效分析
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李杰 1 , 李屹洋 1 , 苏日古 1 , 余成秀 2 , 丁坤 3 , 陈登亚 1 , 曾德智 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025,25(3): 992-998
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025, 25(3): 992-998
新疆油田火驱区块采油井D级杆腐蚀失效分析
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李杰1 , 李屹洋1, 苏日古1, 余成秀2, 丁坤3, 陈登亚1, 曾德智2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国石油新疆油田公司工程技术研究院, 克拉玛依 834000
  • 2.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,成都 610500
  • 3.中国石油新疆油田分公司工程技术处, 克拉玛依 834000
  • 李杰(1982—),男,汉族,四川南充人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田开发。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 曾德智(1980—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,教授。研究方向:石油管工程。E-mail:
Corrosion Failure Analysis of D-class Rod in a Fire Drive Production Well in Xinjiang Oilfield
Jie LI1 , Yi-yang LI1, Ri-gu SU1, Cheng-xiu YU2, Kun DING3, Deng-ya CHEN1, De-zhi ZENG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Engineering Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China
  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 3. Engineering Technology Department, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309003
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新疆油田某火驱采油井抽油杆腐蚀严重,表面有多处腐蚀坑。为找出抽油杆腐蚀失效原因,对失效抽油杆进行金相组织和理化性能测试分析,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射分析等进行腐蚀特征分析,结合抽油杆服役工况找出失效原因。结果表明:D级抽油杆的化学成分、金相组织、夹杂物等均符合抽油杆标准要求,抽油杆服役仅1年8个月直径从19 mm降为16 mm,平均腐蚀速率为1.796 mm/a,表面最大腐蚀坑深度为2.1 mm。抽油杆表面附着物主要为FeCO3、FeS、CaCO3,判断抽油杆发生了CO2/H2S腐蚀、高矿化度采出水引起的垢下腐蚀,同时,采出液中大量的Cl-促进了点蚀坑的发展。建议对温度低于50 ℃、pH介于6~8、地层水属于高钙、高氯的采油井注入缓蚀阻垢剂对D级抽油杆进行防护,延长抽油杆使用寿命。

火驱  /  抽油杆  /  腐蚀  /  结垢  /  失效原因

The rod of a fire drive production well in Xinjiang oilfield is seriously corroded, and there are many corrosion pits on the surface. In order to find out the cause of rod corrosion failure, the metallographic structure and physical and chemical properties of the failed rod were tested and analyzed, and the corrosion characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis, and the failure causes were found out combined with the service conditions of the rod. The results show that the chemical composition, metalloid structure and inclusions of the D-class rod meet the standard requirements of the rod. The rod has only been in service for 1 year and 8 months and its diameter has decreased from 19 mm to 16 mm, the average corrosion rate is 1.796 mm /a, and the maximum surface corrosion pit depth is 2.1 mm. The surface of the rod is mainly attached with FeCO3, FeS and CaCO3. It is judged that the rod is corroded by CO2/H2S and underscale corrosion caused by high salinity produced water. At the same time, a large amount of Cl- in the produced liquid promotes the development of pitting pits. It is recommended to inject corrosion and scale inhibitor into production wells with temperature lower than 50 ℃, pH value between 6 and 8, and formation water belonging to high calcium and high chlorine to protect the D-class rod and extend the service life of the rod.

fire flooding  /  the rod  /  corrosion  /  scale formation  /  cause of failure
李杰, 李屹洋, 苏日古, 余成秀, 丁坤, 陈登亚, 曾德智. 新疆油田火驱区块采油井D级杆腐蚀失效分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 992 -998 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309003
Jie LI, Yi-yang LI, Ri-gu SU, Cheng-xiu YU, Kun DING, Deng-ya CHEN, De-zhi ZENG. Corrosion Failure Analysis of D-class Rod in a Fire Drive Production Well in Xinjiang Oilfield[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 992 -998 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309003
稠油是中国重要的石油资源类型,其探明储量已超过43.5×108 t,占总资源量的20 %以上,年产量基本稳定在(1 500~1 600)×104 t,目前针对稠油的开采技术主要有蒸汽驱、火驱、蒸汽吞吐和SAGD(steam-assisted gravity drainage)等[1-5]。火驱技术是以地层原油的部分重质组分为燃料,以空气作为助燃剂,采用人工点火的方式将重质组分引燃,燃烧产生的热量可帮助采出未燃烧的原油[6-9]。该技术具有驱油效率高、能量消耗少等特点。新疆油田红浅火驱工业化累计产油已突破50×104 t,生产井中产出气体氧气利用率已超过85 %。然而,火烧油层产生的大量CO2、H2S等腐蚀性气体在通过生产井排出时,易诱发生产井井筒管杆的腐蚀[10-11]
抽油杆腐蚀是国内外油田普遍存在的问题,特别是火驱区块采油井抽油杆腐蚀现象更加严重,导致生产油井平均检泵周期大幅缩短、作业成本显著上升等问题,严重制约了中国油井的高效开发。国内外研究学者针对采油井中抽油杆腐蚀失效问题做了大量的研究,肖雯雯等[12]、白强等[13]、贾路等[14]的研究结果均表明腐蚀所引起的应力集中在交变载荷作用引发的疲劳断裂是导致HL级抽油杆断裂失效的根本原因。Yi等[15]采用失重法与地面分析法,对CO2驱生产井D级抽油杆腐蚀行为进行研究,确定了影响D级抽油杆的主要影响因素。刘建新等[16]基于高温高压反应釜等实验装置,在不同井深、含水率的CO2腐蚀条件下对D级抽油杆的动力学腐蚀行为开展了探究实验,其结果表明:在井深2 000 m会达到最大腐蚀速率,且当含水率超过30%后抽油杆腐蚀速率快速上升。部分学者对火驱采油井井下管柱腐蚀进行了研究,陈莉娟等[17]对火驱重力泄油生产过程中井下油管断裂失效原因进行分析,明确油管失效机理是高温蠕变断裂。黄继红等[18]采用高温高压反应釜等设备对火驱矿场环境下的油管腐蚀行为展开实验研究,其研究结果表明,井底压力、温度、采液量及含水率等均是影响油管腐蚀速率的关键因素,且在温度120 ℃、含水率为45%时腐蚀速率达到最大,但仍尚未明确在火驱采油井中管柱的腐蚀机理。火驱采油井是火烧油层产生气体的排出通道,原油燃烧引发的高CO2分压导致采油井中CO2腐蚀严重,从目前的研究中,对于火驱采油井中D级抽油杆腐蚀机理和失效原因鲜少提及,因此急需对D级抽油杆在火驱稠油开采过程中失效原因进行研究。
通过对现场失效D级抽油杆进行理化检验及腐蚀特征分析,结合历史生产工况,分析火驱生产井中D级抽油杆失效原因,并提出针对性防护建议,为火驱井筒腐蚀与防护领域提供技术参考。
新疆油田火驱区块某井井深620 m,以常规举升为主,辅以间歇吞吐引效,注入蒸汽周期3~5 d。如图1所示,该井平均日产液量5.39 t/d,平均日产油量0.31 t/d,采出水矿化度为11 089.94 mg/L,pH为7.82,各离子浓度结果如表1所示,属于高钙、高氯油井。该井位属于高含水区块,含水率高达93%,服役温度为20~40 ℃,压力为0.29 MPa。抽油杆入井后CO2/H2S测气数据如图2所示,随着抽油杆服役天数的增加,CO2含量随着抽油杆服役天数的增加而增加,体积分数最高达21.44%,分压为0.062 MPa,H2S含量0~100 mg/L,属于CO2/H2S共存的复杂腐蚀环境。
该井抽油杆入井服役1年8个月后修井检查作业发现抽油杆表面存在红褐色铁锈及黑色附着物,抽油杆原始直径19 mm,而失效抽油杆剩余直径仅为16 mm,平均腐蚀速率1.796 mm/a。如图3所示,抽油杆表面有多处局部腐蚀坑,利用金相显微聚焦法测得表面最大腐蚀坑槽规格为11 mm×4 mm×2.1 mm。
在抽油杆管柱上采集金属粉末,根据GB/T 22368—2008《低合金钢多元素含量的测定辉光放电原子发射光谱法(常规法)》、GB/T 20123—2006《钢铁总碳硫含量的测定 高频感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法(常规方法)》对金属中的C、Si、P、Cr等元素及含量进行检测,将检测结果与GB/T 3077—2015进行对比,判断失效抽油杆的化学成分是否达标,结果见表2。从表2中得知,该D级抽油杆的化学元素及含量均满足相关标准。
在抽油杆管件上切取尺寸为15 mm×10 mm×4 mm壁厚的试样,依据GB/T 10561—2005《钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定标准评级图显微检验法》、GB/T 13298—2015《金属显微组织检验方法》和GB/T6394—2017《金属平均晶粒度测定方法》对试样进行侵蚀。使用4%硝酸酒精侵蚀后,用蒸馏水冲洗、无水乙醇脱水并用冷风吹干。使用金相显微镜观察抽油杆管件试样的显微组织,进行金相组织分析和晶粒度评级。
失效D级抽油杆的非金属夹杂物及晶粒度评级结果如表3所示,该D级杆金相组织为回火索氏体,晶粒度评级为9.5级,其金相组织未见明显异常;横向截面失效抽油杆非金属夹杂物为条状硅酸类夹杂,长227 μm,其等级为C1.5细,夹杂尺寸正常,如图4所示;纵向截面失效抽油杆非金属夹杂物为球状氧化物夹杂,夹杂尺寸正常,其等级为D0.5细,如图5所示,抽油杆金相组织满足标准要求。
根据抽油杆腐蚀特性,在抽油杆黑色结垢处选择具有代表性部位(图3标注位置)取样,利用SEM(scanning electron microscope)对样品表面上的物质进行微观形貌观察,结果如图6所示,从图6中可以得知,抽油杆表面附着物很厚,腐蚀产物较致密,为片状晶体线絮状产物。采用扫描电镜对腐蚀表面进行形貌观察及EDS(energy dispersive sspectrometer)分析。结果如图7所示:在低倍镜下抽油杆腐蚀产物膜出现多处裂纹,在高倍放大清晰可见腐蚀产物可能由于脱水脱落,较大的片状腐蚀产物上附着着少许絮状晶体,其主要元素组成都是Fe、C、O、S,占比90%以上,其余有少量的Ca、Mg元素。由此推测,腐蚀产物主要是Fe的硫化物及碳酸盐,并且在碳酸盐沉积结垢下发生垢下腐蚀。
对抽油杆黑色结垢处选择具有代表性部位(图3标注位置)取样,将样品进行封装打磨抛光后,采用扫描电镜进行截面形貌观察和能谱分析,如图8所示。从图8中可以看出该抽油杆腐蚀情况严重,腐蚀产物膜厚度约12 μm,腐蚀产物膜最上层主要为Ca元素,为抽油杆表面的垢层,该垢层较薄且分布均匀。垢层下面主要是Fe、O、S元素,该产物层膜较厚且分布不均匀,在抽油杆基体表面形成了深浅不一的腐蚀坑槽,推测主要腐蚀产物为FeS、FeCO3,在抽油杆表面发生了垢下腐蚀。
为进一步确定腐蚀产物的物相,利用X射线衍射仪对抽油杆上的附着物进行取样分析,结果图9所示。抽油杆上的附着物主要为FeCO3、FeS、CaCO3,可以确定失效抽油杆发生了CO2/H2S腐蚀和高矿化度采出水引起的垢下腐蚀,与前面产物组成分析(图7)及截面分析(图8)分析结果吻合。
依据相关标准对抽油杆进行检测,结果分析表明抽油杆的化学成分、金相组织均满足标准对D级抽油杆材质的要求,说明失效抽油杆的基本性能符合相关标准的要求,抽油杆材质对腐蚀失效不存在诱导或促进作用,不是导致腐蚀失效的原因。
根据现场工况数据,该井中含有H2S/CO2,其中H2S含量0~100 mg/L,CO2体积分数范围为5%~20%。由于该井位于高含水区,含水率高达93 %以上,因此H2S/CO2这两种酸性介质溶于水中并产生了H+,这使得抽油杆处于酸性环境造成了电化学腐蚀[19-20]。根据地层水水样数据,地层水的矿化度高达11 089.94 mg/L,Cl-浓度为3 603.14 mg/L, HCO 3 -浓度为2 818 mg/L,Ca2+浓度为224.5 mg/L,Mg2+浓度为108.9 mg/L。其中Ca2+、Mg2+会增加介质导电性,促进结垢导致局部腐蚀; HCO 3 -电离出的 CO 3 2 -容易在杆件上结垢造成垢下腐蚀;Cl-会在成膜产物缺陷处形成富集集中,破坏保护膜的形成,造成局部腐蚀[21-22]
由EDS能谱检测结果表明,抽油杆腐蚀产物中主要元素组成都是Fe、C、O和少量的S、Ca、Mg,结合截面分析及XRD(X-ray diffraction)腐蚀产物分析结果可知,抽油杆发生了CO2/H2S腐蚀,其腐蚀产物主要为FeS、FeCO3和CaCO3,如图10所示。腐蚀产物中的CaCO3来源于抽油杆服役环境中的CO2,在含CO2水环境中,Ca2+会与溶液中的H2CO3及电离出的阴离子发生反应并沉淀[23],其结垢机理为
$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}=\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}$
$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CaCO}_{3}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}=\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$
Cl-会吸附在抽油杆基体表面生成[FeCl]-加快抽油杆的腐蚀,如图10所示,并且Cl-可以穿透腐蚀产物膜,造成腐蚀产物膜出现孔洞,为垢下腐蚀提供离子通道的同时并富集在金属基体表面,导致腐蚀产物膜和抽油杆基体之间的黏附力下降,进一步加剧腐蚀过程,使得点蚀坑不断变深变宽致使抽油杆失效。
综上,该井D级抽油杆发生了CO2/H2S腐蚀及垢下腐蚀,需要加注缓蚀阻垢剂减少因垢下腐蚀引起的损害。张文艺等[24]研制的无磷缓蚀阻垢剂CETSA能螯合采油井产出水中的Ca2+、Mg2+从而形成络合物达到阻垢的目的;其中非极性键等亲水基可吸附于金属表面,Fe元素可与电负性较高的O、S等元素吸附在金属表面形成一层致密的保护膜达到缓蚀的目的。该缓蚀阻垢剂适用于温度低于50 ℃、pH介于6~8、地层水属于高钙、高氯等环境条件下,因此加注无磷缓蚀阻垢剂CETSA可有效延长新疆油田火驱采油井抽油杆使用寿命。
(1)火驱采出井抽油杆服役1年8个月表面出现多处局部腐蚀坑,直径从19 mm降为16 mm,平均腐蚀速率为1.796 mm/a,其中最大腐蚀坑尺寸为11 mm×4 mm×2.1 mm,需立即更换抽油杆。
(2)火烧油层产生的CO2/H2S等腐蚀性气体进入生产井发生了CO2/H2S腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为FeCO3、FeS,高含水及高矿化度诱发了垢下腐蚀,垢的主要成分为CaCO3,高含量的Cl-促进了点蚀坑发展,使得蚀坑不断变深变宽致使抽油杆失效。
(3)针对此类温度低于50 ℃、pH介于6~8、地层水属于高钙、高氯的油井,建议采用定期加注缓蚀阻垢剂方法进行防护,延长抽油杆使用寿命。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51774249)
  • 四川省科技计划(21JCQN0066)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309003
  • 接收时间:2023-11-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-16
  • 修回日期:2024-06-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(51774249)
四川省科技计划(21JCQN0066)
作者信息
    1.中国石油新疆油田公司工程技术研究院, 克拉玛依 834000
    2.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,成都 610500
    3.中国石油新疆油田分公司工程技术处, 克拉玛依 834000

通讯作者:

* 曾德智(1980—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,博士,教授。研究方向:石油管工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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