Article(id=1156907873340055661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309594, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701705600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-05, revisedDate=1719158400000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757931313, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757931313, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757931313, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757931313, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=977, endPage=984, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156907874690621562, articleId=1156907873340055661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Optimization Method for Exterior Design of Suspended Monorail Train Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, columnId=1156264150696317860, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·General Industrial Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to reasonably evaluate, screen, and optimize the exterior design schemes of suspended monorail train with regional cultural characteristics, an optimization method for exterior design of suspended monorail train based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics and trends of the exterior design of suspended monorail trains both domestically and internationally were analyzed, and an evaluation index system which focusing on cultural factors for the exterior design of suspended monorail train was constructed. Then, estimate matrix based on experts scores and gained weights of each individual index by calculation was established. Finally, taking the design case of a suspended monorail train with regional cultural characteristics of Guangzhou as an example, the integration of typical regional culture and design idea, as well as the evaluation and optimization of design schemes were explained. The results show that the method can be used to screen and obtain suspension monorail train design schemes with high comprehensive satisfaction in terms of exterior form, painting, and cultural relevance. It can quantitatively evaluate design schemes from multiple dimensions and provide a basis and direction for the screening and iterative optimization of design schemes.

, correspAuthors=Ze-rui XIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ze-yang WANG, Xin-yu ZHANG, Ze-rui XIANG, Jian XU, Wen-yi CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156907911491445078, articleId=1156907873340055661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法, columnId=1156264150843118502, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·一般工业技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为合理评价、筛选和优化融合文化特征的悬挂式单轨列车外观方案,提出一种基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法。通过对国内外悬挂式单轨列车外观设计特点及趋势进行分析,重点聚焦文化因素构建了悬挂式单轨列车外观设计评价指标体系;然后利用专家评分构建判断矩阵,计算获得各项指标的权重;最后以具有广州地域文化的悬挂式单轨列车设计为例,阐释广州典型地域文化与设计的融入、设计方案的评估与优化。结果表明:利用该方法可以在外观造型、涂装设计、文化关联度方面筛选得出综合满意度较高的悬挂式单轨列车设计方案,该方法能够从多个维度对设计方案进行量化评价,可为设计方案的筛选和迭代优化提供依据和方向。

, correspAuthors=向泽锐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 向泽锐(1980—),男,汉族,四川广汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:运载工具工业设计、设计中的人因评估、文化产品设计。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aJ0jTGVzlEK1ZnCIvlLtBQ==, magXml=oB49m9KKkqU9ZwF+XJyr6Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=K6IUvvjcZt3YaR4TAr5Dyg==, pdfFileSize=5343901, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=eGi2AGKkMMC9SSZVSys3SQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yd260vlRPT+nsSMxdDhASQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王泽阳(1998—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,硕士。研究方向:交通工具设计。E-mail:

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王泽阳(1998—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,硕士。研究方向:交通工具设计。E-mail:

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王泽阳(1998—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,硕士。研究方向:交通工具设计。E-mail:

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Analytic hierarchy process weight calculation method analysis and its application research[J]. Journal of Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2012, 42(7): 93-100., articleTitle=Analytic hierarchy process weight calculation method analysis and its application research, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204542863779537039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, awardId=2022YFB4301203, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4301203), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204542855147659972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542855151854277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, companyId=1204542855147659972, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Institute of Design and Research for Man-Machine-Environment Engineering System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611731, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542855273489101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, companyId=1204542855256711884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西南交通大学人机环境系统设计研究所, 成都 611731)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1204542859409073108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Process of the AHP, figureFileSmall=AlCwhGOSfmo4GZWckL2WtQ==, figureFileBig=tyxJtB2lnO62QGbK2CAOsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859518125014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=图1, caption=层次分析法流程, figureFileSmall=AlCwhGOSfmo4GZWckL2WtQ==, figureFileBig=tyxJtB2lnO62QGbK2CAOsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859685897186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Process of FAHP, figureFileSmall=thNCabkSL83wepwBLCj4LA==, figureFileBig=vDgy4UUFUAV7KfniQ/5xzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859782366185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=图2, caption=模糊层次分析流程, figureFileSmall=thNCabkSL83wepwBLCj4LA==, figureFileBig=vDgy4UUFUAV7KfniQ/5xzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859899806702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Evaluation index system for suspended monorail train, figureFileSmall=K/4Sj/JPem/sHtflf+qsEQ==, figureFileBig=zeplkJ8vAA/KTafYHjoa+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860021441522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=图3, caption=悬挂式单轨列车外观设计评价指标体系, figureFileSmall=K/4Sj/JPem/sHtflf+qsEQ==, figureFileBig=zeplkJ8vAA/KTafYHjoa+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860164047867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The cultural characteristics and design schemes, figureFileSmall=s9Lmtr5PnR3ZL/t7cf3bLQ==, figureFileBig=op63R2T2EG4YG4fcfbKO1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860289875971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=图4, caption=文化元素及设计方案效果图, figureFileSmall=s9Lmtr5PnR3ZL/t7cf3bLQ==, figureFileBig=op63R2T2EG4YG4fcfbKO1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860440870921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Final rendering, figureFileSmall=Zg0pAh13G6e7vNqS3fl6aQ==, figureFileBig=EJcNrpuLli4q1D06QM55sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860524757005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=图5, caption=最终设计方案效果图, figureFileSmall=Zg0pAh13G6e7vNqS3fl6aQ==, figureFileBig=EJcNrpuLli4q1D06QM55sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860650586134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Samples of three typical suspended monorail trains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家 列车图片 造型分析
涂装分析
德国 造型整体呈方形,端车头部上面部分略微前倾 使用淡蓝色作为主色,以红色作为辅助装饰色
日本 造型呈长方体,车头与车身截面处于同一平面 使用蓝色作为主调色,通过黑色切割主调色,整体营造出了前倾的动态视觉效果
中国 车体两端呈流线型,端车头部上面部分略微前倾 使用白色作为主调色,蓝色装饰色带有助于营造动态视觉效果
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860738666522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3种典型的悬挂式单轨列车样本

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家 列车图片 造型分析
涂装分析
德国 造型整体呈方形,端车头部上面部分略微前倾 使用淡蓝色作为主色,以红色作为辅助装饰色
日本 造型呈长方体,车头与车身截面处于同一平面 使用蓝色作为主调色,通过黑色切割主调色,整体营造出了前倾的动态视觉效果
中国 车体两端呈流线型,端车头部上面部分略微前倾 使用白色作为主调色,蓝色装饰色带有助于营造动态视觉效果
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860826746910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scale of judgement matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标度值 标度值含义
1 2项指标重要性一致
3 指标i比指标j轻微重要
5 指标i比指标j较为重要
7 指标i比指标j特别重要
9 指标i比指标j极度重要
2、4、6、8 为上述判断情况的中间值
倒数 指标ij比较判断为aij,而ajiaij互为倒数
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860885467172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

判断矩阵标度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标度值 标度值含义
1 2项指标重要性一致
3 指标i比指标j轻微重要
5 指标i比指标j较为重要
7 指标i比指标j特别重要
9 指标i比指标j极度重要
2、4、6、8 为上述判断情况的中间值
倒数 指标ij比较判断为aij,而ajiaij互为倒数
), ArticleFig(id=1204542861065822250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Judging matrix score and weight value

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准则层A 外观造型B 涂装设计C 文化关联度D WA权重值
外观造型B 1.000 2.000 4.000 0.571 4
涂装设计C 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.285 7
文化关联度D 0.250 0.500 1.000 0.142 9
指标层B 造型比例协调性B1 造型尺度合理性B2 造型风格B3 WB权重值
造型比例协调性B1 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.539 6
造型尺度合理性B2 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.296 9
造型风格B3 0.333 0.500 1.000 0.163 5
指标层C 配色合理性C1 色彩装饰性C2 涂装环境协调性C3 WC权重值
配色合理性C1 1.000 2.000 4.000 0.584 2
色彩装饰性C2 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.231 8
涂装环境协调性C3 0.250 1.000 1.000 0.184 0
指标层D 设计元素典型性D1 有机融合程度D2 文化认同程度D3 WD权重值
设计元素典型性D1 1.000 0.333 0.500 0.169 2
有机融合程度D2 3.000 1.000 1.000 0.443 4
文化认同程度D3 2.000 1.000 1.000 0.387 4
), ArticleFig(id=1204542861170679857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

判断矩阵打分及权重值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准则层A 外观造型B 涂装设计C 文化关联度D WA权重值
外观造型B 1.000 2.000 4.000 0.571 4
涂装设计C 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.285 7
文化关联度D 0.250 0.500 1.000 0.142 9
指标层B 造型比例协调性B1 造型尺度合理性B2 造型风格B3 WB权重值
造型比例协调性B1 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.539 6
造型尺度合理性B2 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.296 9
造型风格B3 0.333 0.500 1.000 0.163 5
指标层C 配色合理性C1 色彩装饰性C2 涂装环境协调性C3 WC权重值
配色合理性C1 1.000 2.000 4.000 0.584 2
色彩装饰性C2 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.231 8
涂装环境协调性C3 0.250 1.000 1.000 0.184 0
指标层D 设计元素典型性D1 有机融合程度D2 文化认同程度D3 WD权重值
设计元素典型性D1 1.000 0.333 0.500 0.169 2
有机融合程度D2 3.000 1.000 1.000 0.443 4
文化认同程度D3 2.000 1.000 1.000 0.387 4
), ArticleFig(id=1204542861334257716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Random consistency index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RI 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26 1.36 1.41 1.46
), ArticleFig(id=1204542862466719803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

随机一致性指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RI 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26 1.36 1.41 1.46
), ArticleFig(id=1204542862575771713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of consistency test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标层级 最大特征值
λ
一致性指标
CI
随机一致性
指标RI
一致性比率
CR
准则层A 3.000 0.000 0.52 0.000
指标层B 3.009 0.005 0.009
指标层C 3.054 0.027 0.052
指标层D 3.018 0.009 0.018
), ArticleFig(id=1204542862689017928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

一致性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标层级 最大特征值
λ
一致性指标
CI
随机一致性
指标RI
一致性比率
CR
准则层A 3.000 0.000 0.52 0.000
指标层B 3.009 0.005 0.009
指标层C 3.054 0.027 0.052
指标层D 3.018 0.009 0.018
), ArticleFig(id=1204542862806458447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Index weight results of the evaluation system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层 准则层 权重 指标层 权重
设计方案
综合评价
A
外观造型
B
0.571 4 造型比例协调性B1 0.539 6
造型尺度合理性B2 0.296 9
造型风格B3 0.163 5
涂装设计
C
0.285 7 配色合理性C1 0.584 2
色彩装饰性C2 0.231 8
涂装环境协调性C3 0.184 0
文化关
联度D
0.142 9 设计元素典型性D1 0.169 2
有机融合程度D2 0.443 4
文化认同程度D3 0.387 4
), ArticleFig(id=1204542862898733139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

评价体系多项指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层 准则层 权重 指标层 权重
设计方案
综合评价
A
外观造型
B
0.571 4 造型比例协调性B1 0.539 6
造型尺度合理性B2 0.296 9
造型风格B3 0.163 5
涂装设计
C
0.285 7 配色合理性C1 0.584 2
色彩装饰性C2 0.231 8
涂装环境协调性C3 0.184 0
文化关
联度D
0.142 9 设计元素典型性D1 0.169 2
有机融合程度D2 0.443 4
文化认同程度D3 0.387 4
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863032950879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Interpretation of Guangzhou typical cultural characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化元素 文化载体 元素分析
五羊
石像
广州因“五羊传说”得别称“羊城”,五羊传说凝聚了古代中国劳动人民开拓岭南的缩影。该石像是代表广州最显著的标志之一
木棉花 木棉花为广州市花。木棉花的意义:它代表着英雄、象征着爱情红红火火、象征着蓬勃向上和生机勃勃
海上丝
绸之路
海上丝绸之路是目前已知的全球最为古老的海上航线之一,广州作为其主要起点,拥有悠久的海上丝绸之路历史文化,被誉为“历久不衰的海上丝绸之路东方发祥地”
广州塔 广州塔是广州市的地标工程,因其独特设计造型,与珠江交相辉映,成为广州市新中轴线上的亮丽景观
广州大
剧院
广州大剧院是广州标志性建筑之一,其外观风格为不规则几何形体设计,整体棱角分明、表面光滑色泽均匀。三角形体组成的表面肌理,整体给人一种强烈的现代感
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863162974316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

广州典型文化元素及其阐释

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化元素 文化载体 元素分析
五羊
石像
广州因“五羊传说”得别称“羊城”,五羊传说凝聚了古代中国劳动人民开拓岭南的缩影。该石像是代表广州最显著的标志之一
木棉花 木棉花为广州市花。木棉花的意义:它代表着英雄、象征着爱情红红火火、象征着蓬勃向上和生机勃勃
海上丝
绸之路
海上丝绸之路是目前已知的全球最为古老的海上航线之一,广州作为其主要起点,拥有悠久的海上丝绸之路历史文化,被誉为“历久不衰的海上丝绸之路东方发祥地”
广州塔 广州塔是广州市的地标工程,因其独特设计造型,与珠江交相辉映,成为广州市新中轴线上的亮丽景观
广州大
剧院
广州大剧院是广州标志性建筑之一,其外观风格为不规则几何形体设计,整体棱角分明、表面光滑色泽均匀。三角形体组成的表面肌理,整体给人一种强烈的现代感
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863255249008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Design schemes satisfaction questionnaire data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准则层 指标层 满意 一般 不满意
方案1 方案2 方案3 方案1 方案2 方案3 方案1 方案2 方案3
外观造型
B
造型比例协调性B1 37 37 34 13 12 14 0 1 2
造型尺度合理性B2 31 33 24 19 16 25 0 1 1
造型风格B3 31 36 31 17 12 18 2 2 1
涂装设计
C
配色合理性C1 30 31 22 19 17 26 1 2 2
色彩装饰性C2 29 36 28 20 13 21 1 1 1
涂装环境协调性C3 28 34 27 22 15 21 0 1 2
文化关
联度D
设计元素典型性D1 21 33 25 26 14 23 3 3 2
有机融合程度D2 21 27 26 26 21 22 3 2 2
文化认同程度D3 15 24 27 31 24 19 4 2 2
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863343329399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

设计方案满意度问卷调查数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准则层 指标层 满意 一般 不满意
方案1 方案2 方案3 方案1 方案2 方案3 方案1 方案2 方案3
外观造型
B
造型比例协调性B1 37 37 34 13 12 14 0 1 2
造型尺度合理性B2 31 33 24 19 16 25 0 1 1
造型风格B3 31 36 31 17 12 18 2 2 1
涂装设计
C
配色合理性C1 30 31 22 19 17 26 1 2 2
色彩装饰性C2 29 36 28 20 13 21 1 1 1
涂装环境协调性C3 28 34 27 22 15 21 0 1 2
文化关
联度D
设计元素典型性D1 21 33 25 26 14 23 3 3 2
有机融合程度D2 21 27 26 26 21 22 3 2 2
文化认同程度D3 15 24 27 31 24 19 4 2 2
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863443992703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Design schemes satisfaction evaluation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层满意度/% 设计方案综合评价A
方案1 78.84
方案2 82.13
方案3 78.49
准则层满意度/% 外观造型B 涂装设计C 文化关联度D
方案1 82.84 77.06 65.41
方案2 84.08 81.64 74.82
方案3 78.31 73.17 4.92
指标层满意度/% 造型比例
协调性B1
造型尺度
合理性B2
造型风格
B3
配色合理性
C1
色彩装饰性
C2
涂装环境
协调性C3
设计元素
典型性D1
有机融合
程度D2
文化认同
程度D3
方案1 87 81 79 79 76 78 68 68 61
方案2 86 82 84 79 85 83 80 75 72
方案3 82 73 80 70 77 75 73 74 77
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863557238921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873340055661, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

设计方案满意度评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层满意度/% 设计方案综合评价A
方案1 78.84
方案2 82.13
方案3 78.49
准则层满意度/% 外观造型B 涂装设计C 文化关联度D
方案1 82.84 77.06 65.41
方案2 84.08 81.64 74.82
方案3 78.31 73.17 4.92
指标层满意度/% 造型比例
协调性B1
造型尺度
合理性B2
造型风格
B3
配色合理性
C1
色彩装饰性
C2
涂装环境
协调性C3
设计元素
典型性D1
有机融合
程度D2
文化认同
程度D3
方案1 87 81 79 79 76 78 68 68 61
方案2 86 82 84 79 85 83 80 75 72
方案3 82 73 80 70 77 75 73 74 77
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基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法
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王泽阳 1 , 张鑫宇 1 , 向泽锐 1, 2, * , 徐剑 1 , 陈文轶 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·一般工业技术 2025,25(3): 977-984
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·一般工业技术 2025, 25(3): 977-984
基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法
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王泽阳1 , 张鑫宇1, 向泽锐1, 2, * , 徐剑1, 陈文轶1
作者信息
  • 1.西南交通大学设计艺术学院, 成都 611731
  • 2.西南交通大学人机环境系统设计研究所, 成都 611731
  • 王泽阳(1998—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,硕士。研究方向:交通工具设计。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 向泽锐(1980—),男,汉族,四川广汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:运载工具工业设计、设计中的人因评估、文化产品设计。E-mail:
Optimization Method for Exterior Design of Suspended Monorail Train Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Ze-yang WANG1 , Xin-yu ZHANG1, Ze-rui XIANG1, 2, * , Jian XU1, Wen-yi CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611731, China
  • 2. Institute of Design and Research for Man-Machine-Environment Engineering System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611731, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309594
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为合理评价、筛选和优化融合文化特征的悬挂式单轨列车外观方案,提出一种基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法。通过对国内外悬挂式单轨列车外观设计特点及趋势进行分析,重点聚焦文化因素构建了悬挂式单轨列车外观设计评价指标体系;然后利用专家评分构建判断矩阵,计算获得各项指标的权重;最后以具有广州地域文化的悬挂式单轨列车设计为例,阐释广州典型地域文化与设计的融入、设计方案的评估与优化。结果表明:利用该方法可以在外观造型、涂装设计、文化关联度方面筛选得出综合满意度较高的悬挂式单轨列车设计方案,该方法能够从多个维度对设计方案进行量化评价,可为设计方案的筛选和迭代优化提供依据和方向。

悬挂式单轨列车  /  模糊层次分析  /  地域文化特征  /  外观设计

In order to reasonably evaluate, screen, and optimize the exterior design schemes of suspended monorail train with regional cultural characteristics, an optimization method for exterior design of suspended monorail train based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics and trends of the exterior design of suspended monorail trains both domestically and internationally were analyzed, and an evaluation index system which focusing on cultural factors for the exterior design of suspended monorail train was constructed. Then, estimate matrix based on experts scores and gained weights of each individual index by calculation was established. Finally, taking the design case of a suspended monorail train with regional cultural characteristics of Guangzhou as an example, the integration of typical regional culture and design idea, as well as the evaluation and optimization of design schemes were explained. The results show that the method can be used to screen and obtain suspension monorail train design schemes with high comprehensive satisfaction in terms of exterior form, painting, and cultural relevance. It can quantitatively evaluate design schemes from multiple dimensions and provide a basis and direction for the screening and iterative optimization of design schemes.

suspended monorail train  /  fuzzy analytic hierarchy process  /  regional cultural characteristics  /  exterior design
王泽阳, 张鑫宇, 向泽锐, 徐剑, 陈文轶. 基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 977 -984 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309594
Ze-yang WANG, Xin-yu ZHANG, Ze-rui XIANG, Jian XU, Wen-yi CHEN. Optimization Method for Exterior Design of Suspended Monorail Train Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 977 -984 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309594
单轨交通是一种轨道为单根带形梁体,车辆跨坐于梁上或悬挂于梁下的交通模式,具有建设周期短、造价低、占地面积少,对城市景观影响较小的特点,可分为跨坐式和悬挂式两类[1-3]。目前,悬挂式单轨列车在技术研究方面已取得较大进展[4],而外观设计研究成果还相对匮乏,主要包括:向泽锐等[5]提出运行状态时所受空气阻力较小的城市轨道列车,外观造型设计的自由度相对较大,端车头宜设计成短而钝(钝体形),整车流线型程度不宜过高;彭长福等[6]介绍了一种采用蓄电池组合的动力包为列车供电的新能源悬挂式单轨列车设计的规格参数、技术特点、优点和应用价值;曾晨等[7]将车辆造型与成都文化元素熊猫相结合,设计出一款具有成都地域特色的悬挂式单轨列车;杨蕾等[8]提出了一种融合特征语义和模糊层次分析的空铁外观设计方法,并结合成都典型文化元素设计了一款彰显文化特征的空铁外观方案。产品外观与用户的情感体验密切相关,在外观设计中融入文化因素是产品设计的大趋势[9]。因此,为进一步解决融合文化特征的悬挂式单轨列车外观方案评价、筛选和迭代优化系统设计问题,提出一种基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法,并以融入广州地域文化元素的设计方案来验证该方法的可行性和有效性。
悬挂式单轨交通车辆悬挂于轨道梁下方,通常由新能源动力作为牵引动力,沿专门的轨道梁行驶[10]。DBJ51/T099[11]规定:悬挂式单轨列车分为A、B两型,车体结构采用铝合金、不锈钢或新型复合材料,编组根据客运能力需求,可由若干基本单元组成,每个基本单元由2或3辆车组成。与其他城市轨道列车的外观设计一致,悬挂式单轨列车的外观设计主要包括列车外观造型设计和列车车身涂装设计两部分。表1为德国、日本及中国具有典型代表的悬挂式单轨列车案例。从中分析可得以下设计特点及趋势。
(1)悬挂式单轨列车因运行时速较低、受气动影响较小,其头型宜设计成短而钝的形态,外观造型的自由度相比其他制式的轨道交通工具更大,且整车流线型程度不宜过高。
(2)悬挂式单轨列车车身色彩包括主调色和辅助色:主调色均采用单一颜色;辅助色通常为与车体形态具有呼应关系的装饰色带,且与主调色对比强烈,注重营造呈前后走势的动态视觉效果。
层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)是依据多项相关评价指标将定性与定量评价相互结合对若干方案提出优化决策的一种系统分析方法[12]。该方法是根据所期望达成的总目标及问题自身性质属性,将问题分解为多元的组成因素,再按照因素间的隶属关系和因素间的相互关联影响来对多元的因素按照不同层次进行聚集组合,形成具有多层次结构的分析模型,从而使问题最终转化为分析模型最低层相对于分析模型最高层的相对重要度的权值确定[8,12-13]。应用层次分析能够确定各项因素对于最终决策的影响程度,并降低评估的主观性,从而提高评估的客观性。层次分析流程如图1所示。
模糊层次分析(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, FAHP)是一种定性与定量相结合的系统分析方法,主要用于量化评价指标,为选择方案提供依据。目前模糊层次分析已经被广泛应用于各类设计评价研究[8,13]图2为模糊层次分析流程。
各型城市轨道列车外观设计主要涉及外观造型设计和涂装设计两方面。随着中国城市建设的发展,借助地域文化提升城市视觉形象已经成为城市建设的有力抓手[14]。作为城市轨道列车的一种,悬挂式单轨列车的外观造型及涂装设计也应注重融入运营城市典型的地域文化[8,15-16]。文化因素是列车设计方案综合评价的重要因素,图3所示为聚焦文化因素构建的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计评价指标体系,共分为三个层级:目标层A为综合评估设计方案;准则层涵盖外观造型B、涂装设计C、文化关联性D;指标层包括9项二级指标,具体包括:
(1)外观造型B包含指标为:造型比例协调性B1,即车体局部与局部、局部与整体之间的匀称关系;造型尺度合理性B2,即造型物整体和局部的构建与人的使用生理及印象尺度相适应的大小关系;造型风格B3,即车体造型风格的显著性。
(2)涂装设计C包含的指标为:配色合理性C1;色彩装饰性C2,即对选择的涂装配色在设计层面的合理规划和运用;涂装环境协调性C3,即列车涂装与列车开行环境相兼容的程度关系。
(3)文化关联性D包含的指标为:设计元素典型性D1,即指列车设计应用的地域文化元素本身是否具备典型性,能否代表当地的形象、文化、传统等;有机融合程度D2,指地域文化元素特征的提取、抽象、转换、应用与列车造型、涂装设计的适配关系;文化认同度D3,指融合地域文化元素产出的列车外观设计方案在用户认知层面获得的认同程度。
专家评分法是一种定性描述定量化方法,优点是约束条件少,结果具有权威性[17]。邀请5位轨道列车设计方面的专业人员,基于九级标度法打分对悬挂式单轨列车外观设计评价指标进行成对比较(表2)。
根据表2所示的判断矩阵标度,构建判断矩阵M
M= a 11 a 12 a 1 n a 21 a 22 a 2 n   a n 1 a n 2 a n n, i,j=1,2,…,n
式(1)中:将指标i与指标j的重要性程度比较值记为aij
层次分析权重向量Wi计算方法有特征向量法、最小二乘法、算术平均法和几何平均法几种[18]。应用几何平均法计算权向量,通过式(2)分别计算准则层判断矩阵的权向量WA及指标层判断矩阵的权向量WBWCWD,并将权向量归一化以得到单一准则下元素相对权重值。
$\boldsymbol{W}_{i}=\frac{\left(\prod_{j=1}^{n} a_{i j}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(\prod_{j=1}^{n} a_{i j}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}}$
式(2)中:Wi表示判断矩阵的特征向量;n为判断矩阵的阶数。5位专业人员给出的aij综合取值和权向量WAWBWCWD的权重值见表3
一致性检验是指通过数学计算检验判断结果在逻辑上的合理性,其步骤如下。
首先,分别计算准则层和指标层判断矩阵的最大特征值λA,maxλB,maxλC,maxλD,max,公式为
λmax= i = 1 n ( A W ) i n W i
式(3)中:λmax表示判断矩阵的最大特征值;AW为标度值与权重的乘积之和。
其次,对一致性指标(consistency index,CI)进行计算,公式为
CI= λ m a x - n n - 1
然后,通过查阅文献[18]得到随机一致性指标,确定随机一致性指标(random index,RI),RI与判断矩阵的阶数n相关,如表4所示。
最后,通过式(5)得出一致性比率(consistency ratio,CR)并对其最终结果进行判断,若CR<0.1时,则说明该判断矩阵通过了一致性检验。反之,若CR>0.1,说明判断矩阵未通过一致性检验,需要对该判断矩阵进行修正与调整。
CR= C I R I
运用一致性检验方法对表3中各权重值进行逻辑合理检验,具体数据和结果如表5所示。
准则层各权重值的一致性检验通过后,再将指标权重值进行整体排序合成,从而得到最终结果,将其作为设计方案评价的参照标准。结合由5位专家综合打分的判断矩阵,通过计算得到的准则层及指标层各指标项权重结果进行加权计算,得到指标权重。评价体系准则层及指标层各指标项计算所得最终权重值如表6所示。
以融合广州地域文化内涵的悬挂式单轨列车设计为例,阐释基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法。
通过调研获取了能够体现广州地域文化的文化载体,包括五羊石像、木棉花、海上丝绸之路、广州塔和广州大剧院,表7是对上述5种典型文化元素的阐释。
表6可知:外观造型设计和涂装设计在悬挂式单轨列车方案设计中较文化关联度略重要,其中列车整体外观造型的比例、尺度以及列车涂装设计的配色尤为重要。因此在方案设计中,首先结合悬挂式单轨列车车体参数约束,充分考虑车窗、车门、车灯等造型细节的比例协调性和尺度合理性;其次以“羊头”形象作为核心文化元素,通过设计融入到方案的车头造型和车体涂装;最后还从广州塔与广州大剧院中提取具有代表性的菱形形态和科技蓝色,并将其融入到车体两侧的涂装,图4所示文化元素及3个设计方案效果图。
(1)确定评价对象的因素集,因素集合内的元素即为评价指标,表明对评价对象从哪些方面进行描述。因素集用U={ui}(i = 1,2,3)表示,其含义分别为外观造型、涂装设计和文化关联性,因素子集用I={uij}(i,j = 1,2,3)表示。
(2)构建评价对象的评价集,并对其按照评价等级进行赋值1∶0.5∶0;得到评价集为V = {V1,V2,V3} = {满意,一般,不满} = {1,0.5, 0 }。
(3)进行单因素评价,依据评价结果建立模糊评价矩阵R。依次以因素集中的单个评价指标对设计方案进行评价,确定设计方案对评价集V的隶属度,通过对评价对象从因素uij上逐个进行量化,继而得到模糊评价矩阵R
(4)基于问卷调查构建模糊评价矩阵:在“问卷星”平台设计制作列车外观设计方案满意度调查问卷,并通过微信平台发布(详见网址: https://www.wjx.cn/vj/YHuyrH0.aspx);被试样本包括广州市居民、具有参与列车设计经历的设计专业学生,且每人只能作答一次;最终共计收回50份有效问卷,设计方案满意度调查问卷数据见表8
(5)将问卷调查数据进行统计整理得到准则层模糊评价矩阵R,以方案1为例,得到外观造型B、涂装设计C、文化关联度D的模糊评价矩阵为
R B = 0.74 0.26 0 0.62 0.38 0 0.62 0.34 0.04 R C = 0.60 0.38 0.02 0.58 0.40 0.02 0.56 0.44 0 . R D = 0.42 0.52 0.06 0.42 0.52 0.06 0.30 0.62 0.08
(6)确定评价因素的模糊权向量。由表6可得准则层及指标层各评价指标的权重向量。
(7)对评价对象进行多因素的综合评价。计算综合评价权重向量B,公式为
B=AR
式(7)中:A为准则层及指标层指标权重向量;R为指标对应的模糊评价矩阵。
结合赋值,得到最终评分S,公式为
S=BV
式(8)中:V =(不满意,一般,满意) = (0,0.5,1)。最终3个设计方案满意度评价结果见表9
表9可得,设计方案1的满意度评价结果为78.84%;设计方案2的满意度评价结果为82.13%;设计方案3的满意度评价结果为78.49%。该组满意度评估结果表明:设计方案2为3个方案中的最优方案。其中设计方案2的外观造型满意度为84.08%;涂装设计满意度为81.64%;方案文化关联度满意度为74.82%,有待优化。
设计方案2在文化关联度方面满意度较低,其中元素典型性满意度为80%,而有机融合程度和文化认同程度的满意度分别为75%和72%。因此,对设计方案2进行迭代主要从有机融合程度和文化认同程度入手。
(1)将车头正面车窗比例进行调整,使车头正面车窗形成中间低两侧高的对称图形,更鲜明地彰显羊头形态特征,并与正面车灯形状相呼应,更好地将文化元素与外观造型相融合。
(2)更加突出列车的涂装设计,去掉列车侧上方灯带、将列车边框银灰色改为白色,能够更好地将视觉中心集中在下方的城市标志性建筑群图案上,凸显列车涂装展示的城市地标文化元素,有效提高设计方案的文化认同程度。
充分考虑上述2项迭代意见,进一步优化并形成了迭代设计方案。在三维建模软件RhinoTM中进行建模,然后使用KeyShotTM进行渲染,最后合成得到了最终设计方案效果图,如图5所示。
针对有机融合程度和文化认同程度两个主要优化方面,在“问卷星”平台上对最终设计方案进行问卷调查验证,并通过微信平台发布(详见链接:https://tp.wjx.top/vm/QgeHdpv.aspx#);被试样本包括广州市居民、具有参与列车设计经历的设计专业学生,且每人只能作答一次;最终共计收回50份有效问卷,整理问卷数据后得到最终设计方案的有机融合程度满意度达到82%、文化认同程度满意度达到81%,证明最终方案已解决主要问题,获得了有效的优化和提升。
悬挂式单轨列车在中国是一种新型城市轨道交通系统,其外观造型和涂装设计不但与城市文化内涵及形象息息相关,而且也与用户的情感体验联系紧密。为了对融合地域文化内涵的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计方案进行科学合理地评价,进而获得最优方案及迭代优化意见,提出了一种基于模糊层次分析的悬挂式单轨列车外观设计优化方法,方法的有效性和创新性主要体现以下三方面。
(1)该方法能够实现从造型比例协调性、造型尺度合理性、造型风格、配色合理性、色彩装饰性、涂装环境协调性、设计元素典型性、有机融合程度和文化认同程度,共计9项指标对具有地域文化的悬挂式单轨列车设计方案进行量化评价。
(2)通过对专家打分法结果加权平均和大样本量的问卷调查分析,有效降低了评价过程中的个人主观偏好影响,提高了评价结果的客观性和合理性。
(3)对列车设计方案各项指标的满意度调查分析,能够获取各列车设计方案的优缺点,从而实现为悬挂式单轨列车设计方案的评价、筛选和迭代优化提供依据和方向。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4301203)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309594
  • 接收时间:2023-12-05
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05
  • 修回日期:2024-06-24
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4301203)
作者信息
    1.西南交通大学设计艺术学院, 成都 611731
    2.西南交通大学人机环境系统设计研究所, 成都 611731

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* 向泽锐(1980—),男,汉族,四川广汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:运载工具工业设计、设计中的人因评估、文化产品设计。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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