Article(id=1156907873310692258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308975, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699977600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-15, revisedDate=1717776000000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757931305, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757931305, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757931305, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757931305, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=985, endPage=991, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156907873948226472, articleId=1156907873310692258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Optimization of Vibration Reduction for a Typical Platform Equipment Pedestal, columnId=1156264150696317860, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·General Industrial Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The vibration excitation transmission of the platform should be suppressed while ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment. Currently, most research on vibration reduction focuses on individual pedestals or pedestal-platform plate structures, with few studies comprehensively considering the relationship between equipment, pedestal, and platform bottom plate vibrations. ultra-deep water semi-submersible drilling platform equipment’s long base was taken as the research object and impedance analysis and optimization design technology was utilized to control input power flow of the platform bottom plate in key frequency bands. Design variables such as mass and stiffness were optimized to improve base plate thickness while maintaining support strength and stiffness. A coupling vibration control model for “equipment-pedestal-platform” was established, using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with linear weight decline for optimization. Finite element method verification results show that this technical process is feasible, reducing optimized input power flow by 95.43% in low frequencies below 300 Hz and decreasing total response level of vibration acceleration by 18.1 dB.

, correspAuthors=Bao-cheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xu SUN, Bao-cheng ZHANG, Qi-hang SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156907932014170375, articleId=1156907873310692258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=平台设备典型基座减振优化设计, columnId=1156264150843118502, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·一般工业技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基座作为连接设备和平台底板的结构,需在满足设备安全可靠运行的前提下,抑制平台底板振动激励传递。目前对于基座减振优化大多是针对基座单体或基座-底板结构,综合考量设备、基座和平台底板振动特性关系的研究较少。首先,以超深水半潜式钻井平台用典型设备的长基座为研究对象,采用阻抗分析和优化设计技术,以关键频段的平台底板输入功率流控制为设计目标。其次,在保证基座满足支撑强度、刚度且基座的结构形式不变的前提下,以基座质量和刚度为设计变量,对基座各板厚进行改进。建立了“设备-基座-底板”耦合振动控制优化设计模型,选用权重线性递减的粒子群算法为优化算法,并对基座实例开展减振优化设计。有限元方法验证结果显示,技术流程可行,且在1~300 Hz低频范围内优化后的平台底板输入功率流降低了95.43%,振动加速度总响应级降低了18.1 dB,为平台设备基座设计提供了一条可资借鉴的技术途径。

, correspAuthors=张保成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张保成(1971—),男,汉族,山西临汾人,博士,教授。研究方向:振动噪声控制、海洋工程装备。E-mail:
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孙旭(1999—),男,汉族,山东临沂人,硕士研究生。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:

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孙旭(1999—),男,汉族,山东临沂人,硕士研究生。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:

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Research and analysis on mechanical impedance of ship and pedestal coupling structure[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204542860684144887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, awardId=U2006229, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(U2006229), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204542853910344579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542853918733189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, companyId=1204542853910344579, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266110, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542853927121799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, companyId=1204542853910344579, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国海洋大学工程学院, 青岛 266110)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1204542856498229323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Coupled vibration model of equipment-base-platform under harmonic excitation, figureFileSmall=p9fTYPMFVUthLNX8jY4OZA==, figureFileBig=m9LjjITXdeV06dz12qWqLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856645029971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图1, caption=简谐激励下设备-基座-底板耦合振动模型, figureFileSmall=p9fTYPMFVUthLNX8jY4OZA==, figureFileBig=m9LjjITXdeV06dz12qWqLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856796024923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of thin plate response, figureFileSmall=F/mimL+XR1IEsxwFdC2JhA==, figureFileBig=e6xQzleb8sy7vi6jiW02/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542857945264225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图2, caption=薄板响应对比, figureFileSmall=F/mimL+XR1IEsxwFdC2JhA==, figureFileBig=e6xQzleb8sy7vi6jiW02/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858180145258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Long pedestal structure, figureFileSmall=AHCg6qjmY4ghtH/AnBDC2Q==, figureFileBig=tlmLzRr+Fr6SEJH6h+Gghg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858297585775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图3, caption=长基座结构, figureFileSmall=AHCg6qjmY4ghtH/AnBDC2Q==, figureFileBig=tlmLzRr+Fr6SEJH6h+Gghg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858402443377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of impedance level curves of vibration isolation system before and after optimization, figureFileSmall=GKAe0k6tP7Zk5Xg5Y5rRlw==, figureFileBig=nYl2IJRZUpFnZjamT7BLpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858545049722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图4, caption=优化前后隔振系统阻抗级曲线, figureFileSmall=GKAe0k6tP7Zk5Xg5Y5rRlw==, figureFileBig=nYl2IJRZUpFnZjamT7BLpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858654101631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of input power flow level curves of base plate before and after optimization, figureFileSmall=oCX3l8s/sgRXDCoJB04X+g==, figureFileBig=sp0NoG21XpnxOUCMFCK0LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858779930758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图5, caption=优化前后底板输入功率流级曲线, figureFileSmall=oCX3l8s/sgRXDCoJB04X+g==, figureFileBig=sp0NoG21XpnxOUCMFCK0LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542858918342800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of input impedance level curves of the base before and after improvement, figureFileSmall=PM220zx944i8IuTCg6eoqA==, figureFileBig=gxUmyHkmNZQTQKeCVK4VOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859048366230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图6, caption=改进前后基座输入阻抗级曲线, figureFileSmall=PM220zx944i8IuTCg6eoqA==, figureFileBig=gxUmyHkmNZQTQKeCVK4VOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859186778267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of power flow level curves before and after the improved pedestal, figureFileSmall=/CUw1cryAjvWeiEZSeuHEw==, figureFileBig=CWus+Russ1uhnLXEL1QdXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859287441569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图7, caption=改进基座前后功率流级曲线, figureFileSmall=/CUw1cryAjvWeiEZSeuHEw==, figureFileBig=CWus+Russ1uhnLXEL1QdXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859404882090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of floor vibration acceleration curve before and after improvement, figureFileSmall=/hYLJzBVShZxFbY7PGOl3A==, figureFileBig=7Gf/cs4UGVs2t0GgfeyQVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859522322606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=图8, caption=改进前后底板振动加速度级曲线, figureFileSmall=/hYLJzBVShZxFbY7PGOl3A==, figureFileBig=7Gf/cs4UGVs2t0GgfeyQVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859589431474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Dimensions of pedestal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尺寸 取值/mm
面板长、宽、厚 1 200、100、8
腹板长、宽、厚 1 500、100、6
肘板上边长、下边长、厚 60、110、6
肘板间距 240
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859685900473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基座尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尺寸 取值/mm
面板长、宽、厚 1 200、100、8
腹板长、宽、厚 1 500、100、6
肘板上边长、下边长、厚 60、110、6
肘板间距 240
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859799146689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Optimization results of pedestal parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 优化前 优化后
质量/kg 17.6 33.28
刚度/(N·m-1) 1.54×109 2.82×109
总功率流/(N·m·s-1) 1.75×10-3 8.01×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1204542859945947339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基座参数优化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 优化前 优化后
质量/kg 17.6 33.28
刚度/(N·m-1) 1.54×109 2.82×109
总功率流/(N·m·s-1) 1.75×10-3 8.01×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860063387858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of plate thickness before and after pedestal improvement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初始模型/ mm 改进模型/ mm
面板厚度 8 15
腹板厚度 6 10
肘板厚度 6 10
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860172439765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基座改进前后各板厚对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初始模型/ mm 改进模型/ mm
面板厚度 8 15
腹板厚度 6 10
肘板厚度 6 10
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860302463197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Total RMS vibration acceleration level of each frequency band of the output point group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频段/Hz 模型输出点群均方根振动加速度总级对比
初始模型/ dB 优化模型/ dB 相对减少率/%
10~100 139.24 112.60 19.13
100~200 117.45 116.57 0.75
200~300 136.03 121.16 10.93
10~300 140.95 122.88 12.82
), ArticleFig(id=1204542860398932195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873310692258, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

输出点群各频段均方根振动加速度总响应级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频段/Hz 模型输出点群均方根振动加速度总级对比
初始模型/ dB 优化模型/ dB 相对减少率/%
10~100 139.24 112.60 19.13
100~200 117.45 116.57 0.75
200~300 136.03 121.16 10.93
10~300 140.95 122.88 12.82
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平台设备典型基座减振优化设计
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孙旭 , 张保成 * , 孙启航
科学技术与工程 | 论文·一般工业技术 2025,25(3): 985-991
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·一般工业技术 2025, 25(3): 985-991
平台设备典型基座减振优化设计
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孙旭 , 张保成* , 孙启航
作者信息
  • 中国海洋大学工程学院, 青岛 266110
  • 孙旭(1999—),男,汉族,山东临沂人,硕士研究生。研究方向:振动噪声控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张保成(1971—),男,汉族,山西临汾人,博士,教授。研究方向:振动噪声控制、海洋工程装备。E-mail:
Optimization of Vibration Reduction for a Typical Platform Equipment Pedestal
Xu SUN , Bao-cheng ZHANG* , Qi-hang SUN
Affiliations
  • College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266110, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308975
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基座作为连接设备和平台底板的结构,需在满足设备安全可靠运行的前提下,抑制平台底板振动激励传递。目前对于基座减振优化大多是针对基座单体或基座-底板结构,综合考量设备、基座和平台底板振动特性关系的研究较少。首先,以超深水半潜式钻井平台用典型设备的长基座为研究对象,采用阻抗分析和优化设计技术,以关键频段的平台底板输入功率流控制为设计目标。其次,在保证基座满足支撑强度、刚度且基座的结构形式不变的前提下,以基座质量和刚度为设计变量,对基座各板厚进行改进。建立了“设备-基座-底板”耦合振动控制优化设计模型,选用权重线性递减的粒子群算法为优化算法,并对基座实例开展减振优化设计。有限元方法验证结果显示,技术流程可行,且在1~300 Hz低频范围内优化后的平台底板输入功率流降低了95.43%,振动加速度总响应级降低了18.1 dB,为平台设备基座设计提供了一条可资借鉴的技术途径。

基座  /  阻抗  /  减振  /  粒子群优化算法  /  功率流

The vibration excitation transmission of the platform should be suppressed while ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment. Currently, most research on vibration reduction focuses on individual pedestals or pedestal-platform plate structures, with few studies comprehensively considering the relationship between equipment, pedestal, and platform bottom plate vibrations. ultra-deep water semi-submersible drilling platform equipment’s long base was taken as the research object and impedance analysis and optimization design technology was utilized to control input power flow of the platform bottom plate in key frequency bands. Design variables such as mass and stiffness were optimized to improve base plate thickness while maintaining support strength and stiffness. A coupling vibration control model for “equipment-pedestal-platform” was established, using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with linear weight decline for optimization. Finite element method verification results show that this technical process is feasible, reducing optimized input power flow by 95.43% in low frequencies below 300 Hz and decreasing total response level of vibration acceleration by 18.1 dB.

pedestal  /  impedance  /  vibration damping  /  particle swarm optimization  /  power flow
孙旭, 张保成, 孙启航. 平台设备典型基座减振优化设计. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 985 -991 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308975
Xu SUN, Bao-cheng ZHANG, Qi-hang SUN. Optimization of Vibration Reduction for a Typical Platform Equipment Pedestal[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 985 -991 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308975
基座是平台上设备安装的载体,是设备振动能量传递到底板的主要途径。通过优化基座的结构参数,可以减少能量的传递,降低平台底板的振动响应。
由于隔振控制方法中的基座减振技术无需附加子系统,且仅依靠基座结构优化可起到支撑和减振作用,更适合海洋平台的振动控制。目前,中国学者对基座减振控制手段主要围绕基座参数、材料尺寸对隔振效果的影响规律以及基座结构优化等相关工作。基座的优化方法主要有增设阻振质量、增加阻尼材料和改变基座的结构[1-2]。增设阻振质量可以改变振动波的连续性[3],吕林华等[4]通过对比有无阻振质量的组合结构基座,得出阻振质量能够降低振动响应。阻尼材料通过将振动传递路径中的机械能转化为热能,达到减振降噪的目的。对于基座结构与振动能量传递的关系,Ding等[5]探究了基座结构对基座的声辐射振动特性的影响,基座受力均匀时,船体的结构振动响应更小。Nicgorski等[6-7]研究了基座参数对隔振系统的减振影响,建立了弹性基座连接不同振源设备的数学模型,揭示了面板厚度与输入底板功率流之间的关系。
国内外学者进行了基座的实例分析与验证,为基座的结构优化设计提供了理论基础。王国治等[8]利用有限元方法探究基座面板厚度、阻尼系数和隔振器刚度与基座的振动传递率的关系。孙启航等[9]提出3种不同的拓扑优化方案,改变基座的结构,并对比分析不同方案的优势;Zhang等[10]利用Tosca软件重新设计结构,减振性能明显提高。上述方法改变了基座的结构形式,通过只改变不同面板的厚度也可以实现对基座的振动控制[11]。基座优化设计方法,多采用建立动力学优化模型的方式,文献[12-14]设置了基座阻抗、刚度等不同优化目标,建立了多优化目标的动力学模型。郁扬等[15]分析了动载荷加载方式对船舶动力响应的影响,建立了设备-基座耦合模型和设备简化质量点代替的模型,并证明模型之间的等效性;郭娇娇[16]建立了船舶-基座耦合模型,探究改变结构对耦合模型振动传递的影响。
上述文献论述了通过动力学模型或有限元方法对基座减振的控制手段。基座作为机械设备和船体平台结构之间振动能量传递的桥梁,其振动特性与设备及基座支撑平台之间存在着强耦合作用关系。现有文献多是基于设备-基座模型或船舶基板-基座模型,未见有综合考虑基座、设备以及基座支撑平台之间耦合振动关系的一体化优化设计相关研究,缺少对三者振动特性关系的考量。现通过建立柔性基础的设备-基座-平台耦合振动模型结合粒子群优化算法,提出基座减振优化方法。在不改变基座结构形式的前提下,实现对平台基板上宽频段激励源的振动控制需求,引入多评价点的加速度总级概念,评估基座隔振效果。
海洋平台多为板架结构,将平台的弹性基础视为四边简支的薄板结构。设备通过隔振器安装在基座上,假设设备的激振力为f0(t)=F e j ( ω t + φ ),其中,F为激振力的幅值, e j ( ω t + φ )为复指数函数,ω表示激振力的振荡频率,φ为初始相位。设备-基座-平台耦合振动模型可简化为图1所示。将设备简化为刚性质量m1,上层隔振器等效为刚度为k1和阻尼为c1的弹簧阻尼单元,基座视为等效质量m2,支撑刚度为k2和阻尼为c2的弹簧阻尼单元,在激励条件F作用下,设备产生位移 z 1  ,基座产生位移z2
由结构动力学可知,设备的运动方程为
m1 z · · 1=f0(t)-k1z1+k1z2-c1 z · 1+c1 z · 2
式(1)中: z1为设备的位移; z2为基座的位移。
基座的运动方程为
k1z1+c1 z · 1-k1z2-c1 z · 2-k2z2-c2 z · 2+k2w(x0,y0,t)+c2 w ·(x0,y0,t)=m2 z · · 2
式(2)中:w(x0,y0,t)为基座与平台底板安装点处位移。
基座与底板采用点连接,设底板上连接点坐标位置(x0,y0),此时底板受到的激励为集中力,则满足狄拉克函数δ(x-x0,y-y0),此时连接点的激励为 f(x,y,t)=f0(t)δ(x-x0,y-y0),则安装基础的运动方程为
$\begin{array}{c} {\left[k_{2} z_{2}+c_{2} \dot{z}_{2}-k_{2} w\left(x_{0}, y_{0}, t\right)-c_{2} \dot{w}\left(x_{0}, y_{0}, t\right)\right] \times} \\ \delta\left(x-x_{0}, y-y_{0}\right)=D \nabla^{4} w+\rho h \frac{\partial^{2} w}{\partial t} \end{array}$
式(3)中:D为板的弯曲刚度,D= E h 3 12 ( 1 - μ 2 ),其中E为薄板材料的杨氏模量,h为薄板厚度,μ为材料泊松比;ρ为薄板材料密度;w为薄板挠度; $\nabla^{4}$为双重调和算子,定义为$\nabla^{4}=\nabla^{2} \nabla^{2}=\left(\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}\right)\left(\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}\right)$。
将式(1)、式(2)代入式(3)中,可得耦合方程为
$\begin{array}{c} D \nabla^{4} w+\rho h \frac{\partial^{2} w}{\partial t}+\left(m_{1} \ddot{z}_{1}+m_{2} \ddot{z}_{2}\right) \delta\left(x-x_{0},\right. \\ \left.y-y_{0}\right)=f_{0}(t) \delta\left(x-x_{0}, y-y_{0}\right) \end{array}$
化简合并为矩阵形式,即
M u · ·(t)+ D u ·(t)+Ku(t)=Sf0(t)
式(5)中:u(t)=[q1(t),q2(t),…qj(t),z1,z2]T,qj(t)为薄板第j阶模态贡献因子, 激励的空间分布向量表示为ST=[ S f 1 0],Wmn(x,y)为薄板的振型函数,Sf=∬Wmn(x,y)δ(x-x0,y-y0)dxdy;M为质量矩阵;K为刚度矩阵;D为阻尼矩阵,系统阻尼按照结构阻尼来计算,结构阻尼系数取值为0.001。
薄板响应为简谐运动,现只考虑前j阶模态,对式(5)作傅里叶变换可得
$\boldsymbol{U}=\left(-\omega^{2} \boldsymbol{M}+\mathrm{j} \omega \boldsymbol{D}+\boldsymbol{K}\right)^{-1} \boldsymbol{S} f_{0}$
式(6)中: f0为外部激励的幅值;U中的解包含两部分,即UT=(Qz),Q=[q1(t),q2(t),…,qj(t)]T,z={z1,z2}T
现验证上述理论,在workbench中建立相应系统模型,薄板的长、宽、厚分别为2 400、1 600、6 mm。对照图1耦合模型,对m1施加幅值为1 N的竖直向下简谐激励,质量m1m2取值100 kg,弹簧刚度k1取值1×106 N/m、k2取值2×106 N/m。对比薄板中心处位移(S)响应的理论解和有限元解,计算频段为1~150 Hz,计算步长为0.2 Hz。如图2所示,仿真结果与理论结果整体较为吻合,峰值存在些许差异且在后半段峰值频率略有偏移但相差不大。
从阻抗分析的角度出发,选取平台底板输入功率流为优化目标,引入平台底板评价点群的均方根加速度振级评价基座具体减振效果。
从激励点到基座与底板连接点的阻抗表示为
$Z=\frac{\boldsymbol{F}}{\mathrm{i} \omega[\boldsymbol{\varphi}(x, y)]^{\mathrm{T}} Q}$
式(7)中:F为激励力幅值;[φ(x,y)]T为振型的向量集,Q为底板位移。
阻抗级的表达式为
$L_{Z}=20 \lg \frac{Z}{Z_{0}}$
式(8)中: Z 为结构的阻抗; Z0 为基准阻抗,Z0=1 N·m/s。
将力F和速度V写为复数形式,即F=Feiωt,V=Veiωt,则功率流表达式可写为
$\begin{aligned} P & =\frac{1}{T} \int_{0}^{\mathrm{T}} \operatorname{Re}\left\{\boldsymbol{F} \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i} \omega t}\right\} \operatorname{Re}\left\{\boldsymbol{V} \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i} \omega t}\right\} \mathrm{d} t \\ & =\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Re}\left\{\boldsymbol{F} \boldsymbol{V}^{*}\right\} \\ & =\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Re}\left\{\boldsymbol{F}^{*} \boldsymbol{V}\right\} \end{aligned}$
式(9)中:F*V*分别是FV的共轭复函数。
功率流级的表达式为
$$L_{W}=10 \lg \frac{P}{P_{0}}$$
式(10)中:P为结构的输入功率流;P0为基准功率流,P0=1×10-12 N·m/s。
当模型中有多个评价点时,取各测点的均方根值(root mean square,RMS)作为评价点群的输出响应,其表达式为
aRMS= i = 1 n a i 2 / n
式(11)中:aRMS为各测点加速度均方根值;ai为第i个测点的加速度;n为测点个数。
评价点群的加速度级为
$L_{a}^{\prime}=20 \lg \frac{a_{\mathrm{RMS}}}{a_{0}}$
式(12)中: a0基准加速度,a0=1×10-6 m/s2
对于目标频段内的加速度总级来说,可按照能量叠加的方式得到,其表达式为
L a=10lg( i = 1 n 10 L a / 10Δf)
式(13)中: La为在目标频率的加速度振级。
粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO),通过群体中个体间的协作和信息共享来寻找最优解。每个粒子都只具有两个属性:速度和位置,根据适应值判断当前位置并迭代找到指定空间区域的最优解。优化设计过程包括设计变量、目标函数和约束条件。
基座的质量和刚度是参数优化设计变量即X=(m2,k2),优化目标函数为关键频段的平台底板输入功率流,其表达式为
min Pfi(X)= f 1 f 2  P(m2,k2)df
式(14)中: f1为优化频段的下限;f2 为该优化频段的上限;df 为计算步长。
目标函数需满足约束条件。在基座的优化过程中,分别受到边界条件约束和性能条件约束,即设计变量m2的取值范围与变量函数值k2的上下限。基座系统的优化模型可表示为
m i n   P f i ( X ) = P ( m 2 , k 2 ) s . t .   M L m 2 M U   K L k 2 K U
式(15)中:MLMu分别为基座质量的最大值和最小值;KLKu分别为基座的刚度上限和下限;Pfi为在目标频率下平台底板的输入功率流。
考虑到海洋平台上的设备所产生的激振频率基本处于低频段,因此选取1~300 Hz为计算频段。
以超深水钻井平台为例,对于平台高振动典型设备产生的振动,可以通过优化基座,降低设备对平台底板的振动传递。典型设备如平台推进器、发电机组、主机以及空压机等,根据平台设备支撑的结构形式可分为4种:悬臂基座、平台基座、局部基座和长基座。现以长基座结构为具体研究对象,结构形式如图3所示,尺寸参数如表1所示。
基座的组成部分及平台底板材料均为钢材,其弹性模量E=2.1×1011 Pa,泊松比σ=0.3,密度ρ=7 850 kg/m3。初始基座模型质量约为17.6 kg,通过有限元方法对基座面板施加单位力,得到z轴的最大位移量,则有基座z轴的等效刚度约为1.538 89×109 N/m。
基座减振优化方法可针对单一频率和频段,现针对1~300 Hz频段进行基座优化,使传递到底板的功率流之和最小。
理论优化模型的系统组成是设备-隔振器-基座,假设设备的质量为400 kg,隔振器的总刚度是2×106 N/m。基座质量和刚度是本例中的设计变量,需满足基座对设备支撑强度和刚度的需求,同时应避免过大的基座质量和刚度改变原本结构的振动特性,不能体现优化效果。基座质量取值:MLMU分别为15和35 kg,基座刚度取值:KLKU分别为1×109 N/m和3×109 N/m,优化的结果如表2所示。
将优化参数代入耦合振动模型,对比分析优化前后基座阻抗级曲线如图4所示和底板的输入功率流级曲线如图5所示,判断优化效果。
图4得到模型优化前后的阻抗级对比曲线,在1~300 Hz频段内,仅在48 Hz和63 Hz附近阻抗有所降低,优化前后的峰值基本相同,谷值提升约13 dB,表明优化后的基座阻抗明显提高。功率流级曲线与阻抗级曲线相对应,在1~300 Hz频段内输入功率流降低,峰值有明显降低约8.5 dB,波谷也降低明显。表明优化后基座能降低输入底板的能量,减振效果显著提升。
现利用有限元方法对上文优化结果进行验证分析。对于安装在四边简支底板上的长基座有限元模型,采用多区域扫掠方法进行网格划分,通过第一阶固有频率判断网格收敛性。经验证,当网格尺寸达到4 mm时,第一阶固有频率趋于收敛,仿真结果具有参考性。
对基座具体结构参数设计时,整体长度参数需与激励设备长度一致,因此需保持基座整体尺寸不变。通过改变基座的面板、腹板和肘板的厚度,使基座的质量和刚度与优化结果一致。以此验证优化后模型的减振效果,优化前后的基座结构参数如表3所示。
由于理论模型是通过激励设备,经由隔振器、基座以及平台底板结构得到的数值,而本节的有限元验证仅考虑基座参数优化在隔振系统中的对于降低能量传递和底板响应的相对作用,所以在相同激励幅值下,两者在数值上会存在些许差异,下面仅考虑基座参数变化进行分析。如图6所示为优化基座结构前后阻抗级对比,如图7所示是功率流级对比。仿真结果表明:改进后的基座除了在136、198、235、261 Hz处的基座阻抗值低于优化前,其余频率阻抗均有所提升。仿真曲线与理论分析存在少于差异,略有偏移,但相差不大。优化后的基座可以在1~300 Hz范围内降低输入到底板的功率流,功率流级曲线基本与阻抗级曲线呈负相关,且整体变化趋势与前文理论分析基本一致。
对于功率流,系统输入相同能量会产生不同响应。在基座与底板接触位置选取输出点群评价底板振动响应,相邻输出点间横向间隔240 mm,纵向间隔120 mm。引入均方根振动加速度级,底板振动响应对比如图8所示,对比分析优化前后基座在不同频段的响应衰减情况。
图8图6阻抗级曲线对比,可知改进后的基座除了在136、198、235、261 Hz处的振动响应大于优化前基座结构,其他频率处的振动响应都有明显降低。谷值降低较为明显,峰值降低较少,当阻抗谷值增大,对应功率流谷值降低,可以抑制此处的振动响应。表明优化后的基座结构,能够有效降低振动响应,与理论分析模型基本一致。
基座改进前后各频段的平台底板输出点群均方根振动加速度总响应级如表4。改进后模型的平台底板振动加速度总响应级在10~100 Hz、100~200 Hz和200~300 Hz频段内分别降低了26.6、0.9、14.9 dB。
在10~300 Hz频段内,改进后的平台底板振动加速度总响应级由原来的140.95 dB降低至122.88 dB,降低了12.82%。可以看出,改进后的基座模型降低了底板的振动响应。
以超深水半潜式钻井平台上典型设备所用的长基座为研究对象,基于阻抗级和功率流级评估基座减振效果,提出对任意频段、宽频带激励源进行基座参数优化的方法。结合具体基座模型仿真验证,引入评价点群加速度总级对振动响应评价,研究表明:
(1)基于“设备-基座-底板”耦合数学模型,对长基座进行阻抗和能量传递分析得出:耦合模型能够反映出设备、基座和底板之间振动传递特性。基座的阻抗影响传递到底板的功率流:底板输入功率流级曲线峰值与基座的阻抗级曲线的谷值相对应,两曲线呈负相关。
(2)通过理论分析结合仿真结果,在0~300 Hz频段,优化前后的底板综合输入功率流降低95.43%。通过加速度响应级分析具体振动响应控制效果:结构改进后的基座在10~300 Hz频段内整体阻抗得到了提高,底板的加速度总响应级降低了18.1 dB左右,减振效果良好。本文提出的基座优化方法,能够有效控制任意频率的振动效果。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U2006229)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2308975
  • 接收时间:2023-11-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
  • 修回日期:2024-06-08
基金
国家自然科学基金(U2006229)
作者信息
    中国海洋大学工程学院, 青岛 266110

通讯作者:

* 张保成(1971—),男,汉族,山西临汾人,博士,教授。研究方向:振动噪声控制、海洋工程装备。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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