Article(id=1156907873256169580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401843, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710345600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-14, revisedDate=1716220800000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757931293, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757931293, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757931293, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757931293, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=999, endPage=1007, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156907874006950002, articleId=1156907873256169580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Characterization of Pore Structure of Sand and Conglomerate Based on Micro-CT Scanning, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Considering the characteristics of poor permeability, mixed particle sizes, and complex pore structures of conglomerates, a study was conducted on the pore structure characteristics and connectivity of the Mahu Urho Formation conglomerates using CT(computed tomography)scanning and 3D reconstruction techniques. By establishing a pore structure extraction method combining conventional threshold segmentation and top-hat algorithm, the challenge of extracting microcracks was overcome. The study reveals that the main types of pores in the Urho Group conglomerates are intergranular pores, dissolved pores, and microfractures, with the 3D pore types are mainly lamellar pore structures and isolated pore structures. Although pores with equivalent radii of conglomerate samples smaller than 30 μm account for a high proportion, their contribution to the total pore volume is relatively low. Pores larger than 60 μm, while fewer in number, occupy over 50% of the total pore volume, serving as the primary storage space. Experimental samples are predominantly characterized by level III connected domains, exhibiting good connectivity conducive to the accumulation and extraction of oil and gas. The investigation into the pore structure characteristics of strongly inhomogeneous conglomerates holds significant theoretical and practical value for an in-depth understanding of such characteristics and for the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in sand conglomerates.

, correspAuthors=Li-xi LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-shuo XU, Li-xi LIANG, Jian-ru GOU, Yi DING, Xiang-jun LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156907927526269494, articleId=1156907873256169580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于微CT扫描的砂砾岩孔隙结构表征, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对砂砾岩渗透性差、颗粒大小混杂、孔隙结构复杂的特点,利用CT(computed tomography)扫描及三维重构技术对玛湖乌尔禾组砂砾岩的孔隙结构特征及连通性展开研究,通过建立结合常规阈值分割与顶帽算法的孔隙结构提取方法,解决了微裂缝难以提取的难题。研究发现,乌尔禾组砂砾岩主要以粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙和微裂缝为主,三维结构以片状和孤立结构为主。砂砾岩样品等效半径小于30 μm的孔隙虽然占比较高,但其对总孔隙体积的贡献却相对较低,而大于60 μm的孔隙虽然较少,但其占据着总孔隙体积50%以上,为主要储集空间。实验样品以Ⅲ级连通域为主,有较好的连通性,有利于油气的聚集和开采。强非均质砂砾岩孔隙结构特征的研究对深入了解砂砾岩孔隙结构特征、寻找和开发砂砾岩油气藏有重要的理论和实践价值。

, correspAuthors=梁利喜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 梁利喜(1976—),男,汉族,河南新乡人,博士,研究员。研究方向:井眼稳定技术、岩石物理与岩石力学、石油工程测井等。E-mail:
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徐雯硕(2000—),女,汉族,浙江绍兴人,硕士研究生。研究方向:复杂岩石力学特性表征与评价。E-mail:

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徐雯硕(2000—),女,汉族,浙江绍兴人,硕士研究生。研究方向:复杂岩石力学特性表征与评价。E-mail:

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徐雯硕(2000—),女,汉族,浙江绍兴人,硕士研究生。研究方向:复杂岩石力学特性表征与评价。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873256169580, language=CN, label=图8, caption=孔喉结构分布图, figureFileSmall=z7Jt74mfh5yEChZXCOBhAQ==, figureFileBig=xDWw1WphjTFI0m6VkAgNfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542856875716707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907873256169580, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Pore structure characteristics of sandy conglomerate samples

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样品号 绝对孔隙度/% 连通孔隙度/% 气测孔隙度/% 平均配位数 迂曲度
1 7.11 5.20 6.85 2.69 4.10
2 8.87 6.91 7.52 3.46 3.56
3 8.69 6.57 7.85 2.93 3.85
4 9.35 8.17 8.64 3.29 3.06
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砂砾岩样品的孔隙结构特征

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样品号 绝对孔隙度/% 连通孔隙度/% 气测孔隙度/% 平均配位数 迂曲度
1 7.11 5.20 6.85 2.69 4.10
2 8.87 6.91 7.52 3.46 3.56
3 8.69 6.57 7.85 2.93 3.85
4 9.35 8.17 8.64 3.29 3.06
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Distribution parameter table of pore and throat structure

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样品号 最大孔隙半径/μm 最小孔隙半径/μm 平均孔隙半径/μm 最大喉道半径/μm 最小喉道半径/μm 平均喉道半径/μm
1 103.24 3.14 33.99 52.39 1.35 13.34
2 140.27 3.51 33.11 101.78 1.28 23.23
3 143.38 3.28 34.40 93.52 1.31 20.88
4 131.89 3.16 35.47 97.74 1.26 16.97
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孔喉结构分布参数表

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样品号 最大孔隙半径/μm 最小孔隙半径/μm 平均孔隙半径/μm 最大喉道半径/μm 最小喉道半径/μm 平均喉道半径/μm
1 103.24 3.14 33.99 52.39 1.35 13.34
2 140.27 3.51 33.11 101.78 1.28 23.23
3 143.38 3.28 34.40 93.52 1.31 20.88
4 131.89 3.16 35.47 97.74 1.26 16.97
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基于微CT扫描的砂砾岩孔隙结构表征
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徐雯硕 1 , 梁利喜 1, * , 缑健儒 2 , 丁乙 1 , 刘向君 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(3): 999-1007
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(3): 999-1007
基于微CT扫描的砂砾岩孔隙结构表征
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徐雯硕1 , 梁利喜1, * , 缑健儒2, 丁乙1, 刘向君1
作者信息
  • 1.西南石油大学, 油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室, 成都 610500
  • 2.中国石化西北油田分公司石油工程技术研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830001
  • 徐雯硕(2000—),女,汉族,浙江绍兴人,硕士研究生。研究方向:复杂岩石力学特性表征与评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 梁利喜(1976—),男,汉族,河南新乡人,博士,研究员。研究方向:井眼稳定技术、岩石物理与岩石力学、石油工程测井等。E-mail:
Characterization of Pore Structure of Sand and Conglomerate Based on Micro-CT Scanning
Wen-shuo XU1 , Li-xi LIANG1, * , Jian-ru GOU2, Yi DING1, Xiang-jun LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1. National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2. Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company, Urumqi 830001, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401843
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针对砂砾岩渗透性差、颗粒大小混杂、孔隙结构复杂的特点,利用CT(computed tomography)扫描及三维重构技术对玛湖乌尔禾组砂砾岩的孔隙结构特征及连通性展开研究,通过建立结合常规阈值分割与顶帽算法的孔隙结构提取方法,解决了微裂缝难以提取的难题。研究发现,乌尔禾组砂砾岩主要以粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙和微裂缝为主,三维结构以片状和孤立结构为主。砂砾岩样品等效半径小于30 μm的孔隙虽然占比较高,但其对总孔隙体积的贡献却相对较低,而大于60 μm的孔隙虽然较少,但其占据着总孔隙体积50%以上,为主要储集空间。实验样品以Ⅲ级连通域为主,有较好的连通性,有利于油气的聚集和开采。强非均质砂砾岩孔隙结构特征的研究对深入了解砂砾岩孔隙结构特征、寻找和开发砂砾岩油气藏有重要的理论和实践价值。

微CT  /  砂砾岩  /  乌尔禾组  /  微裂缝提取  /  孔隙结构  /  连通性

Considering the characteristics of poor permeability, mixed particle sizes, and complex pore structures of conglomerates, a study was conducted on the pore structure characteristics and connectivity of the Mahu Urho Formation conglomerates using CT(computed tomography)scanning and 3D reconstruction techniques. By establishing a pore structure extraction method combining conventional threshold segmentation and top-hat algorithm, the challenge of extracting microcracks was overcome. The study reveals that the main types of pores in the Urho Group conglomerates are intergranular pores, dissolved pores, and microfractures, with the 3D pore types are mainly lamellar pore structures and isolated pore structures. Although pores with equivalent radii of conglomerate samples smaller than 30 μm account for a high proportion, their contribution to the total pore volume is relatively low. Pores larger than 60 μm, while fewer in number, occupy over 50% of the total pore volume, serving as the primary storage space. Experimental samples are predominantly characterized by level III connected domains, exhibiting good connectivity conducive to the accumulation and extraction of oil and gas. The investigation into the pore structure characteristics of strongly inhomogeneous conglomerates holds significant theoretical and practical value for an in-depth understanding of such characteristics and for the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in sand conglomerates.

micro-CT scanning  /  sandy conglomerate  /  Urho Formation  /  extraction of microcracks  /  pore structure  /  pore connectivity
徐雯硕, 梁利喜, 缑健儒, 丁乙, 刘向君. 基于微CT扫描的砂砾岩孔隙结构表征. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 999 -1007 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401843
Wen-shuo XU, Li-xi LIANG, Jian-ru GOU, Yi DING, Xiang-jun LIU. Characterization of Pore Structure of Sand and Conglomerate Based on Micro-CT Scanning[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 999 -1007 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401843
近年来,准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷砂砾岩油气藏受到越来越多学者们的关注[1]。由于砂砾岩储层非均质性强、孔隙结构复杂、渗透性差[2],而孔隙结构是岩石对油气储集、渗透性能的决定因素,因此准确表征这些复杂的砂砾岩储层孔隙结构对于储层的识别、评价和分类具有重要意义。通过深入研究砂砾岩储层的孔隙结构,可更全面地了解其特性与变化规律,为油气资源的勘探开发提供有力的支撑。
目前,针对孔隙结构评价的常规方法存在一些限制:压汞法会损伤岩样,气体吸附法无法测量出孤立的孔隙结构信息,铸体薄片在一定程度上破坏了岩心的内部结构且只能反映二维的孔喉结构[3]。CT(computed tomography)扫描数字岩心技术则可在保留岩石样品完整性的基础上对其进行多次分析,提高分析效率。同时,数字岩心技术可以对岩心样本进行三维重建,使得岩心内部的结构在虚拟环境中可视化展示,从而更好地模拟岩石的微观结构。美国学者Rosenberge等[4]利用CT扫描技术建立了枫丹白露砂岩的三维数字岩心;文献[5-7]通过微CT建立了砂岩三维数字岩心,并对其三维微观孔隙结构量化及表征研究;崔利凯等[8]通过CT扫描建立了碳酸盐岩孔隙模型并对其连通孔隙进行评价;张启燕等[9]利用微米CT扫描技术对碳酸盐储层的三维孔隙结构、空间分布以及孔隙类型等进行刻画和分析;苟启洋等[10]利用CT技术对页岩进行三维重构并对其页岩孔隙及组分进行定量评价;Zhang等[11]利用CT技术对页岩进行三维重构,并提取孔隙和裂缝结构数据通过反演计算出岩样的渗透率。
现有的研究主要集中在将CT扫描技术应用于相对均质、灰度相对均匀的砂岩和致密砂岩等岩石类型的三维孔隙结构研究,而砂砾岩作为一种具有强烈非均质性的岩石,其内部的孔隙结构更加复杂和多样化,CT扫描的二维切片数据往往呈现出不均匀的灰度分布。这种不均匀性导致在阈值分割时较为脆弱的孔隙结构和砾缘缝与基质之间产生混淆,限制了后续对砂砾岩内部孔隙网络的准确识别和建模。故将CT扫描技术应用于砂砾岩的三维孔隙结构研究是至关重要的。通过充分利用CT扫描的体素分辨率和层析成像能力,可以获取更全面、准确的砂砾岩内部孔隙结构信息,助于砂砾岩孔隙结构的准确表征。
采用CT扫描技术,获取玛湖凹陷地区乌尔禾组的砂砾岩样本的高分辨率三维图像,构建孔隙网络模型。通过应用最大球算法对三维孔隙结构特征进行统计和定量分析,深入研究强非均质砂砾岩内部孔隙和喉道的分布与结构特点,可为深入砂砾岩油气藏勘探开发提供重要的理论和实践价值。
使用西南石油大学国家重点实验室的MicroXCT-400扫描仪,对乌尔禾组4块直径约为7 mm的砂砾岩圆柱体样品进行微米CT扫描,进而对砂砾岩样品的微米级孔隙进行识别和分析研究。岩心扫描数据的体素大小为5.057 μm,在扫描过程中,将砂砾岩样品固定好,X射线穿透岩心样品强度衰减后照射到探测器上,扫描仪接收到该信号,集合成图像被获取并储存下来,之后将砂砾岩样品旋转一定的角度重新扫描和记录[12]。在CT扫描后每个样品可获取980张二维CT灰度图像,如图1(a)所示。将二维灰度图像叠加就可以构成砂砾岩的三维立体数据体,如图1(b)所示。
为了确保孔隙识别、分割和提取工作的准确性和稳定性,必须先对CT扫描获取的二维灰度图像进行降噪处理。受环境影响,扫描产生的噪声主要为斑点、斑块、条纹等。本文中采用的中值滤波方法是一种非线性的图像处理法,它将每个像素点的灰度值设置为该点领域窗口内的所有像素点的中值[13]。如图2(a)所示,采用中值滤波方法,在有效去除图像不同类型噪声的同时更好地保留了图像的细节和边缘特性,提高了二维图像的质量和清晰度。
数字岩心图像的阈值分割过程通过设置不同的阈值大小来获取不同分割效果的孔隙提取图像[14]。合理选取阈值不仅可以提高孔隙提取图像的质量,还有助于减少因噪声和其他干扰因素引起的误差,并且阈值的准确选取对于数字岩心三维孔隙网络模型的生成和真实性至关重要,其直接影响对实际孔隙结构的准确表征。因此,在数字岩心图像处理中,确保合适的阈值选取是获得可靠孔隙结构信息的重要步骤。
观CT扫描的二维切片数据可发现其灰度不均匀,这是因为砂砾岩有强非均质性,在常规阈值分割方法下提取弱结构孔隙、微裂缝和砾缘缝时会与阈值相近的基质相混淆,导致孔隙结构的提取效果较差,特别是弱结构的孔隙很难被准确地提取出来。在阈值的选择上,较低的阈值会导致部分孔隙和缝结构无法完全被提取出来,而较高的阈值则可能导致孔隙体积溢出,使得提取的孔隙体积大于二维灰度图像所显示的实际体积。以样品2为例,如图2(b)所示,这种情况会对实验结果产生一定的影响。
为解决弱结构孔隙和微裂缝难以提取的问题,使用常规交互式阈值分割与顶帽算法的方法分次提取。首先,通过常规阈值分割方法进行第一次孔隙结构提取,选择适当的阈值根据二维灰度图像的灰度级,提取大部分阈值较低且易分割的孔隙结构,同时避免孔隙体积的溢出[图2(c)]。二次提取使用顶帽算法增强灰度图像中弱结构孔隙的细节信息,增加微裂缝和弱结构孔隙提取的准确性,防止孔隙体积溢出[图2(d)]。将常规阈值分割方法与顶帽算法提取的两种结果进行有机融合,获得样品的孔隙结构,形成提取的孔隙结构的二值化图像[图2(e)]。
阈值分割后,孔隙和基质部分基本上能区分开。但可能仍会存在一些斑点状的系统噪声以及孤立孔隙的伪像,这些因素会对后续孔隙结构的识别和分析造成干扰。因此,为了得到更可靠的结果,需要依据具体状况对二值化后的图像结果进一步的细化,以消除二值化图像中的孤立点和填平小孔[图2(f)],获得质量更高的岩石孔隙结构[15]
由于处理数字岩心的尺寸对计算机的运行和储存有较高要求,需要在满足岩样宏观性质的前提下,考虑现有计算机的性能水平,以寻找合理的解决方案。因此,选择合适的表征单元体(representative elementary volume,REV)[5,16]是关键。通过分析岩样的孔隙度随着二值化图像尺寸的变化规律[图3(a)],选定尺寸范围,使得样品的孔隙度在该尺寸范围内基本保持稳定,在此基础上,可以确定REV的尺寸大小。岩样的REV能有效地减少计算机存储容量,加快计算速度。4个砂砾岩样品表征单元体的尺寸,如图3(b)所示选取统一的尺寸大小为500 pix×500 pix×500 pix,进而构建三维孔隙网络模型。
在图像处理后,将一系列二值化切片数据中的孔隙结构叠加成一个三维数据场,建立三维孔隙空间网络模型。以样品4为例,孔隙结构由连通孔隙网络模型和非连通的孤立孔隙网络模型两种组成[图4(a)],透明区域代表岩样的骨架。利用拓扑理论中的分水岭算法,将三维孔隙结构的每个孔隙独立分隔,并用不同颜色对其渲染[图4(b)],以便对各个孔隙进行对号提取,从而便于下一步的定量表征。通过“最大球算法”[17-18]提取孔隙结构中的孔喉部分,将三维孔隙空间的孔喉结构近似为“球管”模型[图4(c)],并对孔隙空间的结构特征进行定量表征和分析。
基于微米CT扫描的二维灰度图像,分析玛湖地区乌尔禾组砂砾岩的孔隙类型表明:孔隙大致分为3种类型(图5),即粒间孔、溶蚀孔及微裂缝。①残余粒间孔隙,是颗粒间没有被填充物所填充而形成的孔隙空间,如图5红色标注所示,孔隙与颗粒的界面在二维灰度图像上是清晰规整、边缘平直,具有孔隙大、喉道粗、连通性较好的特点。②溶蚀孔隙,主要分为粒内溶蚀型孔隙和粒间溶蚀型孔隙,分别如图5蓝色和紫色标注所示。溶蚀孔是溶解作用的产生孔隙,可能是由于岩石中不稳定矿物的溶蚀或是胶结物的溶蚀而形成的溶蚀孔。在二维灰度图上溶蚀孔的形状大小不均匀,孔隙界面模糊且不规整。③微裂缝,如图5绿色标注所示,在二维灰度图上表现为贯穿砾石的穿砾缝,或是沿砾石边缘分布的砾缘缝。微裂缝在一定程度上提高了储层的渗透性。
基于孔隙网络模型,通过自动骨架模式模拟出三维孔喉结构模型(图6),并结合孔隙的连通域来判断三维孔隙空间的连通性[10,19]。连通域主要包括两部分:死连通域和活连通域。活连通域又分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 3个等级。Ⅰ级连通域是只有两个相邻近的孔隙相连接,如图6绿色标注所示,其连通范围较小,连通性很差。Ⅱ级连通域是由3个及3个以上的孔隙结构连接组成,没有过多的喉道连接,如图6红色标注所示,其连通范围中等,连通性较差。Ⅲ级连通域是有大量的孔喉结构相互连接组成,其在三维空间中呈现网状结构分布,其连通范围较广,连通性较好。在图6中可以看出Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级连通域较少,主要是以Ⅲ级的连通域为主。且Ⅲ级连通域分布较广,表明岩心中以连通孔隙为主,连通性较好。
基于图像处理后的数据建立样品的三维孔隙网络模型。在图7中可以看出,样品的孔隙结构主要由片状孔隙和孤立的孔隙结构组成。其中片状孔隙主要是由砾缘缝、残余粒间孔和溶蚀孔构成。从样品的微观角度上看,与样品1号相比,样品2号、3号与4号的片状或条带状的孔隙分布更多,有较好储层物性。结合样品的二维灰度图(图5)与三维孔隙网络模型(图7)可以看出,样品1中存在的片状孔隙结构,多为残余粒间孔和溶蚀孔,样品2号、3号、4号孔隙结构存在的片状或条带状的孔隙结构,是样品中存砾缘缝、粒间孔和溶蚀孔,而砾缘缝的存在也增大了样品的连通性。样品中较为分散的孤立状孔隙在空间结构上表现为不连通的状况,产生的原因可能与粒内溶蚀孔有关。
基于最大球算法建立的三维“球管模型”,将三维孔隙空间的孔喉结构近似的看作球体和管道两部分,对模型的孔喉尺寸、孔隙度、配位数等参数进行统计以及对岩心微观结构进行分析。统计结果如表1表2所示。
表1可以看出,4个砂砾岩样品的气测孔隙度均略小于计算绝对孔隙度,原因是气测孔隙度测量的是连通孔隙体积,孤立的孔隙无法被准确测量。样品的气测孔隙度略大于连通孔隙度,原因可能是人为划分的阈值影响,或是由于分辨率较低,导致样品中部分微纳米级的孔喉结构无法被识别。
图8(a)图8(b)分别为4个砂砾岩样品的孔隙等效半径和喉道等效半径分布频率图,在图8中可以看出,砂砾岩样品的孔喉等效半径均呈现正态分布的趋势,4个砂砾岩样品的等效孔隙半径分布范围在3 ~150 μm,等效喉道半径分布范围1 ~100 μm。不同砂砾岩样品的等效孔喉半径的峰值不同,且分布的频率也存在差异。结合图8(a)图8(c)图8(d),4个样品的孔隙等效半径小于60 μm孔隙数量较多,但其对储集空间的贡献较少,大于60 μm的孔隙数量占比较少,但其孔隙体积占孔隙体积的50%以上,占砂砾岩样品的主要储集空间。样品4孔隙的等效半径小于30 μm所占比例小于前3个样品所占的比例,说明样品1、样品2和样品3小孔所占比例多于样品4,而由于小孔对总孔隙体积贡献较低,因此结合表1,样品4的孔隙度略大的原因可能是相比于前3个样品,其小孔所占比例较少。结合图8(b)表1表2可以看出,样品1的喉道半径分布在1~52 μm,平均喉道半径为13.34 μm,小于其余3个的平均喉道半径值,迂曲度大于其余3个样品,表明样品1喉道较窄、孔喉弯曲程度较大,相比于其余3个样品,其储层物性也相对较差。
(1) 建立常规交互式阈值分割与顶帽算法相结合的砂砾岩孔隙结构提取方法,解决了乌尔禾组的砂砾岩扫描灰度图像在常规阈值分割方法下微裂缝提取效果差的问题,实现了对砂砾岩中孔隙、微裂缝和砾缘缝等细小特征的准确提取。
(2) 根据分析的乌尔禾组砂砾岩二维图像显示,孔隙结构类型主要包括粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙及微裂缝。而在三维孔隙结构方面,主要以孤立状孔隙与片状孔隙结构为主。其中,片状孔隙结构由砾缘缝、残余粒间孔或溶蚀孔构成,而孤立状的孔隙结构可能与砂砾岩样品中的粒内溶蚀孔有关。
(3) 砂砾岩样品中,等效直径小于30 μm的孔隙数量相对较多,但其对总孔隙体积的贡献相对较少。相反,大于60 μm的孔隙数量虽然占比较少,但其孔隙体积占据孔隙总体积的50%以上,为砂砾岩样品的主要储集空间。此外,通过对砂砾岩样品在三维空间上的孔隙连通域进行细致分析,表明岩样主要以Ⅲ级连通域为主,并具有良好的孔隙连通性,有利于油气的聚集和高效开采。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05070-001)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401843
  • 接收时间:2024-03-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-14
  • 修回日期:2024-05-21
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国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05070-001)
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    1.西南石油大学, 油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室, 成都 610500
    2.中国石化西北油田分公司石油工程技术研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830001

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* 梁利喜(1976—),男,汉族,河南新乡人,博士,研究员。研究方向:井眼稳定技术、岩石物理与岩石力学、石油工程测井等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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