Article(id=1156907872476025759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402643, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712764800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-11, revisedDate=1721232000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753757931107, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753757931107, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753757931107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753757931107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156907871645556837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='3', pageStart='879', pageEnd='1312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753757930909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765095544280, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204461268821320541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204461268825514846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156907871645556837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=900, endPage=911, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156907873197446049, articleId=1156907872476025759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Reservoir Characteristics and Favorable Zone Prediction of the Upper Tai-2 Section in the Eastern Ordos Basin, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The influencing factors on the reservoir development of Upper Taiyuan Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin were investigated. Experimental methods such as casting thin sections, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and constant-rate mercury intrusion were employed to examine the pore structure characteristics of Upper Taiyuan Formation, Tai 2 Member. Results show that the average porosity of Tai 2 Member reservoir is 7.84%, with an average permeability of 0.396 mD, primarily characterized by ultra-low porosity and permeability. The pore structure is complex, with strong heterogeneity. Various types of pores were developed in the reservoir, including intragranular dissolution pores, intergranular dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores, and rock fragment dissolution pores. Based on the frequency of pore development, porosity, and permeability in each region, the pore combinations are classified into three types: intragranular dissolution pores, intragranular dissolution pores combined with intercrystalline pores, and intragranular dissolution pores combined with intergranular dissolution pores. The experimental methods of high-pressure mercury intrusion and constant-rate mercury intrusion could effectively characterize the reservoir characteristics of these three types of pore combinations, among which the combination of intragranular dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores represents a favorable reservoir pore type. Based on the laws of sedimentary differentiation and pore differentiation, a set of criteria for evaluating high-quality reservoirs is established on the basis of experimental results. Upper Taiyuan Formation reservoir was classified into Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ from good to poor, and predictions were made for favorable areas of high-quality reservoirs.

, correspAuthors=Shen-gu YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-hui SUN, Shen-gu YANG, Xiao-hu CHEN, Yin-yin MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156907939064795546, articleId=1156907872476025759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段储层特征及有利区预测, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为查明鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组储层发育影响因素,利用铸体薄片、高压压汞、恒速压汞等实验方法开展了太2上段储层孔隙结构特征的研究。结果表明,太2上段储层平均孔隙度为7.84%、平均渗透率为0.396 mD,以特低孔-超低渗为主,孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强。储层发育粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、晶间孔、岩屑溶孔等;根据各区域孔隙发育频率、孔隙度与渗透率,将孔隙组合分为3类:粒内溶孔、粒内溶孔+晶间孔、粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔,高压压汞和恒速压汞的实验方法能够较好地表征3类孔隙组合的储层特征,其中粒内溶孔+晶间孔的组合是良好的储层孔隙类型。根据沉积分异和孔隙分异规律,在实验结果的基础上建立优质储层评价标准,将太2上段储层由好到差分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,并对优质储层有利区做出预测。

, correspAuthors=杨申谷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨申谷(1968—),男,汉族,江西萍乡人,博士,副教授。研究方向:层序地层学、储层地质学。E-mail:
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孙亚辉(1999—),男,汉族,河南郑州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储层地质。E-mail:

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孙亚辉(1999—),男,汉族,河南郑州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储层地质。E-mail:

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2018, 18(15): 69-80., articleTitle=Differences in microscopic pore characteristics of dense reservoirs in the Chang 8 to Chang 6 sections of the Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos Basin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204542871794852238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=413, pageEnd=416, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=63, authorNames=赵华伟, 宁正福, 赵天逸, journalName=断块油气田, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵华伟, 宁正福, 赵天逸, 等. 恒速压汞法在致密储层孔隙结构表征中的适用性[J]. 断块油气田, 2017, 24(3): 413-416., articleTitle=恒速压汞法在致密储层孔隙结构表征中的适用性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1204542871861961104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=413, pageEnd=416, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Zhao Huawei, Ning Zhengfu, Zhao Tianyi, journalName=Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Huawei, Ning Zhengfu, Zhao Tianyi, et al. Applicability of rate-controlled porosimetry experiment to pore structure characterization of tight oil reservoirs[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2017, 24(3): 413-416., articleTitle=Applicability of rate-controlled porosimetry experiment to pore structure characterization of tight oil reservoirs, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1204542863578210439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, awardId=201X05007-004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(201X05007-004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1204542855881663235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542855890051845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, companyId=1204542855881663235, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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No.1 Gas Production Plant of Jianghan Oilfield Branch, Chongqing 404100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1204542856015880979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, companyId=1204542855999103763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江汉油田分公司采气一厂, 重庆 404100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1204542859782366186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic unit division of Ordos Basin and lithologic histogram, figureFileSmall=vkRVG4VCz3H4c19A30bvaA==, figureFileBig=eD/o8Rb/fqS6NKT3NlCRvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542859908195311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元划分图与岩性柱状图, figureFileSmall=vkRVG4VCz3H4c19A30bvaA==, figureFileBig=eD/o8Rb/fqS6NKT3NlCRvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860054995960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Sandstone types in the upper Tai 2 reservoir in the study area, figureFileSmall=SSJsyyhZRlk0b0ETI5jx5g==, figureFileBig=AXR2F/LAFaox2C1/80cNeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860164047869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究区太2上段储层砂岩类型

1为石英砂岩;2为长石石英砂岩;3为岩屑石英砂岩;4为长石砂岩;5为岩屑长石砂岩;6为长石岩屑砂岩7;为岩屑砂岩

, figureFileSmall=SSJsyyhZRlk0b0ETI5jx5g==, figureFileBig=AXR2F/LAFaox2C1/80cNeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860289875970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Pore-permeability intersections in the upper Tai2section of the eastern Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=g9QIGkb+EA0NM0iGw/ev4g==, figureFileBig=4rPmsOC+hyKzBdCh6zU0Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860398927879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=图3, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段孔渗交汇图, figureFileSmall=g9QIGkb+EA0NM0iGw/ev4g==, figureFileBig=4rPmsOC+hyKzBdCh6zU0Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860520562701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Map of pore types in the upper section of Tai 2, figureFileSmall=PXCVRVLsQWEIjT2IHpvLnA==, figureFileBig=yMrp95csEonDmEHKB2zMnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1204542860650586131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=图4, caption=太2上段孔隙类型图

(a)高岭石胶结,可见晶间孔,榆24井,2 805.48 m;(b)高岭石充填孔隙,可见晶间孔,榆24井,2 806.38 m;(c)高岭石交代胶结,晶间孔,召70井,2 768.78 m;(d)铁方解石交代,岩屑溶孔、粒内溶孔,府1井,2 115.84 m;(e)铁方解石交代胶结,高岭石交代,粒内溶孔,可见石英次生加大残余,召70井,2 766.19 m;(f)铁方解石交代胶结,粒内溶孔、长石溶孔,双87井,1 995.87 m;(g)石英加大,粒间溶孔中可见石英自形颗粒,召70井,2 772.96 m;(h)高岭石孔隙式充填,可见晶间孔、粒间溶孔,府1井,2 116.47 m;(i)粒间溶孔中可见石英自形颗粒,陕201井,2 796.15 m

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Parameters of high-pressure mercury compression in the upper Tai-2 section of the eastern Ordos Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔隙组合 均值半径/μm 歪度 分选系数 中值压力/
MPa
中值半径/
μm
排驱压力/
MPa
最大进汞
饱和度/%
退汞
效率/%
粒内溶孔 0.33 0.02 0.07 3.85 0.191 0.948 76.70 38.95
粒内溶孔+晶间孔 9.93 0.75 2.24 0.91 0.805 0.261 76.65 26.20
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔 0.47 0.51 2.03 1.09 0.686 0.249 79.45 30.55
), ArticleFig(id=1204542862957453404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段高压压汞参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔隙组合 均值半径/μm 歪度 分选系数 中值压力/
MPa
中值半径/
μm
排驱压力/
MPa
最大进汞
饱和度/%
退汞
效率/%
粒内溶孔 0.33 0.02 0.07 3.85 0.191 0.948 76.70 38.95
粒内溶孔+晶间孔 9.93 0.75 2.24 0.91 0.805 0.261 76.65 26.20
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔 0.47 0.51 2.03 1.09 0.686 0.249 79.45 30.55
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863066505317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of thin section of cast body in the upper section of Tai2 in the eastern Ordos Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔隙组合 面孔率/% 平均
比表面积
平均
孔喉比
均质系数 平均孔隙
半径/μm
平均形状因子 平均
配位数
分选
系数
粒内溶孔 3.7 0.4 2.7 0.4 17.7 0.4 1.5 15.3
粒内溶孔+晶间孔 3.6 0.4 2.2 0.5 19.9 0.5 1.4 13.3
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔 5.0 0.4 2.9 0.4 19.6 0.4 2.0 16.3
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863183945836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段铸体薄片参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔隙组合 面孔率/% 平均
比表面积
平均
孔喉比
均质系数 平均孔隙
半径/μm
平均形状因子 平均
配位数
分选
系数
粒内溶孔 3.7 0.4 2.7 0.4 17.7 0.4 1.5 15.3
粒内溶孔+晶间孔 3.6 0.4 2.2 0.5 19.9 0.5 1.4 13.3
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔 5.0 0.4 2.9 0.4 19.6 0.4 2.0 16.3
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863318163572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of constant velocity pressurized mercury in the upper section of Tai2 in the eastern Ordos Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔隙组合 平均孔隙
半径/μm
平均喉道
半径/μm
主流喉道
半径/μm
总进汞
饱和度/%
喉道进汞
饱和度/%
孔隙进汞
饱和度/%
中值压力/
MPa
中值半径/
μm
平均孔喉比
粒内溶孔 142.11 1.23 1.65 54.87 35.87 19.01 5.17 0.15 184.03
粒内溶孔+晶间孔 163.42 1.53 2.05 67.48 34.85 32.63 1.90 0.41 140.71
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔 167.77 3.59 6.32 59.26 19.42 39.84 1.83 0.43 122.23
), ArticleFig(id=1204542863418826873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156907872476025759, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段恒速压汞参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔隙组合 平均孔隙
半径/μm
平均喉道
半径/μm
主流喉道
半径/μm
总进汞
饱和度/%
喉道进汞
饱和度/%
孔隙进汞
饱和度/%
中值压力/
MPa
中值半径/
μm
平均孔喉比
粒内溶孔 142.11 1.23 1.65 54.87 35.87 19.01 5.17 0.15 184.03
粒内溶孔+晶间孔 163.42 1.53 2.05 67.48 34.85 32.63 1.90 0.41 140.71
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔 167.77 3.59 6.32 59.26 19.42 39.84 1.83 0.43 122.23
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鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段储层特征及有利区预测
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孙亚辉 1 , 杨申谷 1, * , 陈小虎 2 , 马银银 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(3): 900-911
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(3): 900-911
鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段储层特征及有利区预测
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孙亚辉1 , 杨申谷1, * , 陈小虎2, 马银银1
作者信息
  • 1.长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100
  • 2.江汉油田分公司采气一厂, 重庆 404100
  • 孙亚辉(1999—),男,汉族,河南郑州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储层地质。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 杨申谷(1968—),男,汉族,江西萍乡人,博士,副教授。研究方向:层序地层学、储层地质学。E-mail:
Reservoir Characteristics and Favorable Zone Prediction of the Upper Tai-2 Section in the Eastern Ordos Basin
Ya-hui SUN1 , Shen-gu YANG1, * , Xiao-hu CHEN2, Yin-yin MA1
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • 2. No.1 Gas Production Plant of Jianghan Oilfield Branch, Chongqing 404100, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402643
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为查明鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组储层发育影响因素,利用铸体薄片、高压压汞、恒速压汞等实验方法开展了太2上段储层孔隙结构特征的研究。结果表明,太2上段储层平均孔隙度为7.84%、平均渗透率为0.396 mD,以特低孔-超低渗为主,孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强。储层发育粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、晶间孔、岩屑溶孔等;根据各区域孔隙发育频率、孔隙度与渗透率,将孔隙组合分为3类:粒内溶孔、粒内溶孔+晶间孔、粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔,高压压汞和恒速压汞的实验方法能够较好地表征3类孔隙组合的储层特征,其中粒内溶孔+晶间孔的组合是良好的储层孔隙类型。根据沉积分异和孔隙分异规律,在实验结果的基础上建立优质储层评价标准,将太2上段储层由好到差分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,并对优质储层有利区做出预测。

鄂尔多斯盆地  /  太2上段  /  储层特征  /  孔隙结构

The influencing factors on the reservoir development of Upper Taiyuan Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin were investigated. Experimental methods such as casting thin sections, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and constant-rate mercury intrusion were employed to examine the pore structure characteristics of Upper Taiyuan Formation, Tai 2 Member. Results show that the average porosity of Tai 2 Member reservoir is 7.84%, with an average permeability of 0.396 mD, primarily characterized by ultra-low porosity and permeability. The pore structure is complex, with strong heterogeneity. Various types of pores were developed in the reservoir, including intragranular dissolution pores, intergranular dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores, and rock fragment dissolution pores. Based on the frequency of pore development, porosity, and permeability in each region, the pore combinations are classified into three types: intragranular dissolution pores, intragranular dissolution pores combined with intercrystalline pores, and intragranular dissolution pores combined with intergranular dissolution pores. The experimental methods of high-pressure mercury intrusion and constant-rate mercury intrusion could effectively characterize the reservoir characteristics of these three types of pore combinations, among which the combination of intragranular dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores represents a favorable reservoir pore type. Based on the laws of sedimentary differentiation and pore differentiation, a set of criteria for evaluating high-quality reservoirs is established on the basis of experimental results. Upper Taiyuan Formation reservoir was classified into Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ from good to poor, and predictions were made for favorable areas of high-quality reservoirs.

Ordos Basin  /  Upper Tai-2  /  reservoir characterization  /  pore structure
孙亚辉, 杨申谷, 陈小虎, 马银银. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段储层特征及有利区预测. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (3) : 900 -911 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402643
Ya-hui SUN, Shen-gu YANG, Xiao-hu CHEN, Yin-yin MA. Reservoir Characteristics and Favorable Zone Prediction of the Upper Tai-2 Section in the Eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (3) : 900 -911 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402643
随着石油天然气勘探开发技术的迅猛发展,致密储层也成为国内外研究的重点[1],中国致密砂岩气的储层主要位于鄂尔多斯盆地,占全国储量的60%以上[2-3],东部地区相继发现榆林、子洲、神木等大型气田,而目前已经开发的主要含气层位都位于二叠系的山西组、下石盒子组[4-9]。经过前人的研究发现,下部的太原组储层具有含气砂体厚度大,分布范围广泛,具有良好的形成大气田的基础条件[10],但开发难度较大、产量低,一直是业内关心的问题,对于上古生界致密砂层储层的认识不够深入,导致勘探开发工作仍面临较大的困难。
目前针对太原组的研究主要围绕太原组的沉积特征和演化[11]、致密砂体的展布形式[12]、分析单类储层孔隙特征对储层能力的影响[13]等几个方面,对孔隙种类划分、平面分布与预测、确定优势储集空间类型还略有不足。致密砂岩储层发育的孔隙结构及组合类型的复杂性导致致密砂岩气藏的具有低孔、低渗等不利于开发、物性差等特点[14]。孔隙结构是影响岩石性质的重要因素之一,气藏等流体通过地下岩石储层的微观孔隙进行着运移活动[15]。马瑶等[16]认为,储层空间孔隙结构发育的多样性是造成储层空间非均质性的主要原因;廖宇斌等[17]在研究储层储集性能和渗流特征时,将储层孔隙分为三类组合进行研究,根据不同孔隙组合分析了其储集性能和渗流能力的强弱;太原组储层具有富石英、富岩屑和岩屑含量较高的特征,细喉道与较小的孔喉配位数限制了储层的储集能力[18]
许多学者对于致密砂岩孔隙进行了多方面的研究与分析。目前主要的研究手段有铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、高压压汞、恒速压汞以及核磁共振等技术实验方法[19-23]。彭磊等[24]通过激光共聚焦扫描、恒速压汞等方法,确认了影响产能的因素集中在储层成分及微观孔隙结构差等方面;刘再振等[25]采用铸体薄片、高压压汞、扫描电镜等方法,确认导致储层致密的主要原因与成岩早期压实作用和晚期碳酸盐胶结作用有关。因此,将针对不同的孔隙组合来研究储层孔隙的分布情况,以铸体薄片镜下观察为出发点,结合高压压汞、恒速压汞实验证明优质的孔隙组合对储层储集能力的影响,并在实验的基础上以沉积分异规律和孔隙分异规律为指导,实现对储集空间的平面预测,并建立储层评价标准,对鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段有利区进行了细致划分,对有利区的优选开发具有重要意义。
鄂尔多斯盆地位于中国大陆中部,是中国第二大沉积盆地[26],在构造上经过整体升降、坳陷迁移的大型多旋回克拉通盆地。鄂尔多斯盆地整体构造可划分为6个区域,其中包括北部伊盟隆起、南部渭北隆起、西部天环坳陷与西缘逆冲带、东部晋西挠褶带、中部则是伊陕斜坡[27]。伊陕斜坡是天然气的主要富集构造单元,层位多集中在盆地上古生界,包括苏里格、神木、乌审旗等大气田。研究区主要位于伊陕斜坡东北部[图1(a)][28],处于陆表海三角洲环境,接受东北部的物源沉积。在陆表海沉积期间,中央隆起已经下沉至水下,使得盆地的边界向外扩展,整个区域连贯成一个整体。从北部向南部的排列顺序依次是冲积平原、河流、三角洲平原及其前缘、潮坪泻湖,最后是浅海陆棚相,呈现出有序的格局。同时,南部边缘持续受到上覆岩层的影响,裂陷活动逐渐减弱,补偿作用逐渐显现,导致裂陷盆地逐渐演变为坳陷盆地,厚度差异逐渐减小[11,29]
东部太2上段碎屑岩沉积相类型可以划分为三角洲平原亚相和三角洲前缘亚相两个部分,进行沉积相的平面分布研究[图1(b)]。三角洲平原亚相:分布于北部地区,发育槽状交错层理,无灰岩沉积,砂岩厚度大,河道交汇现象发育,为水下分流河道微相;三角洲前缘亚相:分布于中北部和南部地区,发育板状交错层理,有灰岩点礁沉积,砂岩厚度较大,河道交汇和分岔现象发育,而南部区域有灰岩点礁沉积和浅海灰岩沉积,砂岩厚度较小,河道分岔现象发育。
根据研究区36口井46个岩石薄片鉴定样品分析,太原组太2上段主要的岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主,其次为岩屑石英砂岩,岩屑砂岩与岩屑长石砂岩占比较少(图2)。在碎屑组分上具有明显的变化,北部地区石英含量低,长石含量较高,岩屑含量高,而中部和南部地区,岩屑组分变化规律不明显。
太2上段储层岩石填隙物平均含量为16.12%,其中填隙物类型主要以伊利石为主,硅质、碳酸盐岩、高岭石和绿泥石次之。由北向南,伊利石含量减少;硅质含量增多,以次生加大、溶孔中的充填作用为主;南部绿泥石含量达到了4.67%;碳酸盐矿物主要包括铁白云石、铁方解矿、菱铁矿等,其中以铁白云石、菱铁矿为主。
根据物性分析统计结果,鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组太2上段平均孔隙度为7.84%;平均渗透率为0.396 mD。主要发育特低孔,其次发育低孔、超低孔。从渗透率来看,太2上段储层以超低渗为主,其次是小于0.1 mD的非渗储层,少量发育特低渗储层。总体上属于特低孔-超低渗储层[30],局部地区发育低孔超低渗储层。孔渗相关关系较好,呈正相关关系(图3)。孔渗相关关系的低值反映出太2上段储层喉道较细,孔隙较小。
为了探明鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组太2上段储层空间孔隙情况,进行了大量的研究工作。根据镜下特征与统计数据分析(图4),太2上段的孔隙类型在北区主要以粒内溶孔为主,其次含量较多的是粒间孔和粒间溶孔;中部以粒内溶孔为主,南区除粒内溶孔较多外,还发现有杂基溶孔、晶间孔和粒间孔。
总体上太2上段主要以粒内溶孔为主,其次发育的是粒内溶孔+杂基溶孔组合。在不同的地区,孔隙类型发育也略有差异,粒内溶孔在各个区域均有发育,较为特殊的是,北区还多发育有粒间溶孔+晶间孔的孔隙组合类型;中北区与粒内溶孔相关的孔隙组合均有发育;中南区除了粒内溶孔之外还带有粒内溶孔+杂基溶孔的组合;而南区,仅发育粒内溶孔。
不同的主导孔隙类型或者孔隙组合类型对孔隙度有较大影响,东部太2上段粒内溶孔较为发育,平均孔隙度为8.27%,其次粒内溶孔+晶间孔和粒内溶孔+杂基溶孔的孔隙组合也具有较高的孔隙度。在不同的区域,不同孔隙组合类型的孔隙度大小也不同,北区粒内溶孔+晶间孔组合的孔隙度最高,达到了10.20%;中北区,以粒内溶孔为主的孔隙组合均有发育且孔隙度较为均匀;而中南区孔隙只发育粒内溶孔和杂基溶孔,孔隙度分别为10.77%和10.01%;南区发育的粒内溶孔孔隙度达到了8.44%。
从孔隙类型与渗透率的关系来看,太2上段粒内溶孔和粒内溶孔+晶间孔的孔隙组合渗透率较好。不同区域孔隙组合的渗透率略有差异,在北区,粒内溶孔+晶间孔的渗透率较好;中北区粒内溶孔+粒间孔组合渗透率较好;而剩下两个区域孔隙组合渗透率均较差。
综上所述,太2上段粒内溶孔、粒内溶孔+晶间孔、粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔孔隙组合的物性较好。因此选择这3种孔隙组合作为太2上段储层孔隙结构的研究对象。
研究储层孔隙结构主要通过储层孔隙大小,孔隙连通性、喉道的大小和孔隙的配位数等因素,而在储层孔隙结构特征方面,高压压汞实验比恒速压汞实验能够表征更小的孔喉半径[31]
在研究储层孔隙结构时,可以利用高压压汞曲线法研究孔隙的分布情况,利用汞作为非润湿相注入岩石孔隙,汞的注入量就对应了岩石中孔喉大小多孔介质中的孔体积[32]。高压压汞实验采用的压汞仪为美国麦克公司AutoPore Ⅳ 9520型号压汞仪,可以测量3 nm~1 000 μm的孔径范围,压力最高可以达到414 MPa,实验分别选取了来自研究区不同井位的6块样品。
在实验前对样品进行烘干等预处理,并对压汞仪进行校准,然后将样品放入压汞仪中,随着压力的增加,汞逐渐进入样品的孔隙中,通过记录汞进入孔隙的体积以及压力的变化得到孔隙结构信息(表1)。
样品的毛压管曲线形态类似,都具有一定斜率的平台型(图5)。毛管压力曲线的形态一般受两个因素的影响:孔喉分布的歪度和分选性。歪度越粗越好而孔喉的大小分布越集中,分选性越好,相应的在毛管压力曲线上则反应为一段水平平台,而当曲线形态倾斜较大时,孔喉的分选性较差。
其中,粒内溶孔+晶间孔其毛管压力曲线呈“S”形态[图5(a)],具有较平缓的平台,均值较大说明该类孔隙组合孔喉分布均匀,排驱压力介于0.2~0.3 MPa,排驱压力较小,孔喉的连通性和渗流能力较好,中值压力在0.9 MPa左右,相应地表示岩石结构较为疏松,半径中值为0.8 μm左右,在3种孔隙组合中最大,歪度较粗,因此该类型的储层空间储集性能为该区域较优质的储层。
粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔的毛管压力曲线较为弯曲[图5(b)],反映出其孔喉的分选性较差,但排驱压力和中值压力较小,分别在0.25 MPa左右和0.9~1.2 MPa,储集性能不及粒间溶孔+晶间孔的组合,为该区域相对较好的储层。
粒内溶孔的图像与粒内溶孔+粒间孔的组合相似,但弯曲程度较小[图5(c)],初始压力迅速升高,随后出现平台,表明该类型以小孔隙为主,大孔隙含量较少,排驱压力在0.85~1.1 MPa,中值压力分别为3.95 MPa和3.75 MPa,半径中值仅为0.19 μm左右,歪度较细,该类型储层孔喉较小,整体较为致密,储集能力较弱。
铸体图像分析主要用于研究岩石中的孔隙含量、类型及分布,选取研究区内代表性的取心井样品, 将其在真空状态下注胶,并磨制成厚度在0.5 mm薄片,放置在偏光显微镜下观察并记录结果(表2)。
通过铸体薄片分析不同孔隙组合的孔隙半径和喉道大小的频率分布图(图6),可以定量表征储层的均质性[33]
以粒内溶孔为主的孔隙组合[图6(a)图6(b)],其孔隙半径主要分布在20~50 μm范围内,喉道宽度大多小于10 μm,占比在80%以上,孔隙较发育,孔隙结构中等,平均面孔率为3.7%物性较好,平均孔隙半径比另外两种组合略小,分选较差;粒内溶孔+晶间孔的孔隙组合[图6(c)图6(d)],其孔隙半径主要分布在10~50 μm范围内,喉道宽度比较均匀,小于10 μm的喉道占据了50%以上,孔隙较发育,平均面孔率为3.6%,孔隙半径较高,分选较好;粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔的孔隙组合孔隙结构好[图6(e)图6(f)],其孔隙半径主要分布在10~50 μm范围内,喉道宽度集中分布与<10 μm,在10~50 μm的范围内分布均匀,孔隙结构中等,平均面孔率为5.0%物性较好。
在对储层孔隙结构分类的基础上进行恒速压汞实验分析,高压压汞的实验方法仅反映孔喉特征的综合曲线,这种实验方法所描述的是某一数量级孔隙所控制的孔隙体积,无法精确描述孔隙结构中孔隙的数量分布情况。而恒速压汞法在注汞的过程中,假设接触角和界面张力不变的情况下,通过记录实验过程中压力升降及变化情况来确定储集岩层孔喉数量分布和连通情况,相比高压压汞更科学和直观[34]
实验采用ASPE-730型恒速压汞仪,平均以1.50 nL/s的准静态速度进汞,接触角为140°,实验开始前选取标准试样对恒速压汞仪进行校准,随后选取了研究区内不同井位的样品进行测试,结果如表3所示。
3种孔隙组合的喉道半径分布[图7(a)]形态较为接近,最大值在1 μm左右,3类曲线的孔隙分布较为均匀。从孔隙大小分布曲线[图7(b)]可以看出,不同的孔隙组合,孔隙半径分布都接近正态分布的特征,且分布范围大部分均在100~200 μm,峰值也基本接近,在150 μm左右。相应地,而从孔喉半径比[图7(c)]情况来看,3类曲线的孔喉半径比都处在10~500的范围以内,在油气开发的过程中,孔喉半径比小的储层,其渗透率相应的较大,在驱替过程中,油气易被采出,以粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔为主的孔隙类型结构较好,孔喉比主要分布在10~200的范围内,峰值在40左右;而以粒内溶孔+晶间孔为主的储层,孔喉比主要分布在30~260的范围内,峰值在120左右;以粒内溶孔为主的储层,孔喉比分布较为均匀、范围较大,主要分布在60~380的范围内,在孔喉比较大的情况下,油气经过喉道时要克服较大的毛管阻力。综合以上分析,在3种孔隙组合中,孔隙结构和物性由好到差为:粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔+晶间孔、粒内溶孔。
从上述结果中可以看到,不同孔隙组合形式对储层储集能力影响较大,前人使用孔隙度、渗透率对储层能力进行分类,以沉积相控为基础,以数据为标定,进行储层的物性分布预测,这一预测方法简单,真正影响储集能力的因素没有指出,由于没有考虑到成岩的因素,储层预测成果精度差。而在考虑到成岩作用对储集能力的影响时,预测早成岩阶段储层基本适合,但对于晚成岩阶段,尤其是储层进入致密化,以成岩为物性的主控因素的低孔-特低孔超低渗储层的预测,沉积相控方法进行储层的预测,略有不足。
在砂岩沉积分布研究的基础上,对储层孔隙特征进行研究,以沉积分异理论和孔隙分异理论作为理论指导,不仅兼顾了成岩作用还为储层的平面预测提供了依据。使得孔隙演化不仅是基于热演化的纵向上的演化规律,在平面上也有了更多的体现。
在河流沉积过程中,随着水流搬运能力的降低,碎屑颗粒由于形态、密度等因素的差异而发生沉积分异,石英、正长石等轴粒状矿物优先。在河道顺直处水动力较强的位置沉积;在河道分叉前缘,正长石和斜长石等柱板状矿物随水动力条件减弱而沉积;在分岔处水动力进一步减弱,片板状矿物(如基性斜长石)相对富集,石英、正长石含量较少。岩屑的分布也会受到水动力的影响,喷出岩和千枚岩、板岩,相对密度较小,多呈片状,水化能力较强,倾向于在低能区沉积;片岩和石英岩、燧石、隐晶岩类,呈粒度,水化能力弱,倾向于在较高能区沉积。而在前缘区,河流作用和海浪作用的淘洗,使密度低,片状矿物和水化能力强的岩屑进一步被向外搬运。
由于形态、密度和水化能力的分异,造成从主河道向河道分岔处、河道中部与侧缘、三角洲前缘发生碎屑组分及岩石类型的分异(图8)。
不同孔隙类型的发育与成岩体系有对应的关系、与成岩产物也有相关关系。粒间溶孔的发育依赖于两个方面:一是准同生白云石胶结,主要发育在三角洲平原与前缘的过渡区;二是斜长石碳酸盐化和碳酸盐胶结,主要发育于长石石英砂岩区,其次岩屑石英砂岩区和长石岩屑砂岩区。因此,太2上段粒间溶孔主要发育在于河道中部,河道边部、侧缘和分岔处不发育。晶间孔由碱性长石高岭石化形成,根据沉积分异规律,碱性长石主要发育于河道顺直处,太2上段晶间孔的发育和分布规律与粒间溶孔相似。粒内溶孔主要是喷出岩岩屑粒内溶孔和长石碳酸盐化溶蚀粒内溶孔,以喷出岩屑粒内溶孔为主。从碎屑组分分析,喷出岩岩屑碳酸盐化后溶蚀形成的粒内溶孔是主要的粒内溶孔形成方式,所以喷出岩屑与粒内溶孔有相关关系。在平面上,粒内溶孔主要发育在长石岩屑砂岩区,其次为岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩中较少。在河道中,主要发育于河道分叉处,在顺直处发育较少。
因此,查明砂岩的平面分布情况就能预测孔隙的分布从而确定储层有利区,为后续的勘探提供理论依据。
以沉积分异、孔隙分异为理论基础,通过对砂岩类型、沉积相、碎屑组分等研究完成了鄂尔多斯盆地太原组太2上段有利区预测(图9)。
综合物性预测中的参数,储层孔隙发育及物性特征将储层分为3类:Ⅰ类储层孔隙结构压汞曲线呈现出明显的平台状特征,渗透率一般大于0.5 mD,孔隙度大于7.5%,孔喉分选性好,以长石石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主,排驱压力较低,孔隙组合类型多为粒间溶孔+粒内溶孔,中值半径大于0.2 μm;Ⅱ类储层物性较Ⅰ类储层差,以细孔喉为主,孔隙度在5%~7.5%,渗透率在0.1~0.5 mD,孔隙组合类型多为粒内溶孔+晶间孔,中值半径大于0.1 μm;Ⅲ类储层孔喉连通性较差,孔隙度小于5%,渗透率小于0.1 mD,孔隙类型多为粒内溶孔中值半径0.15~0.05 μm。
预测结果表明,东部地区太2上北部三角洲平原区Ⅱ类发育,发育少量Ⅰ类储层;三角洲前缘中部以Ⅲ类储层为主,Ⅱ类储层次之;三角洲前缘南部发育少量Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层。储层的发育特征为由北向南,好储层发育越少。
(1)鄂尔多斯盆地东部下二叠统太原组太2上段储层岩石以发育长石岩屑砂岩为主,孔隙度平均值7.84%,渗透率平均值0.396 mD,属于特低孔-超低渗储层。
(2)太2上段主要发育粒内溶孔、粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔+晶间孔3种孔隙组合类型,根据实验表明,粒内溶孔+粒间溶孔的储集能力最好,其次为粒内溶孔+晶间孔,粒内溶孔最差,这3种孔隙组合类型的储集性能依次变差,孔喉结构的非均质性逐渐增强。
(3)在沉积过程中,由于搬运能力的差异,在河道不同位置会形成不同的砂岩类型,而砂岩类型的不同对孔隙的形成过程也会有直接的影响。因此,通过分析储层孔隙组合,结合不同地区砂岩沉积类型,以沉积分异和孔隙分异理论为指导,完成了鄂尔多斯盆地东部太2上段的有利区预测,对实际生产具有一定的借鉴作用。
  • 国家科技重大专项(201X05007-004)
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2025年第25卷第3期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402643
  • 接收时间:2024-04-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-11
  • 修回日期:2024-07-18
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国家科技重大专项(201X05007-004)
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    1.长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100
    2.江汉油田分公司采气一厂, 重庆 404100

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* 杨申谷(1968—),男,汉族,江西萍乡人,博士,副教授。研究方向:层序地层学、储层地质学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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