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In order to study the influence of overlying load on the internal deformation of soil outside the foundation pit, a transparent soil test chamber with controllable deformation mode of retaining structure was designed and combined with particle image velocimetry technology to analyze the influence of different deformation modes of retaining structure and overlying load on the internal deformation of soil. The reliability of the test results was verified by comparing the data obtained from the transparent soil test with the prediction curve and the engineering example. The results show that the overlying load has a significant effect on the displacement field of the soil outside the pit. Increasing the overlying load or reducing the distance between the overlying load and the retaining structure will make the influence area of soil displacement outside the pit expand to the deep soil layer, and the maximum vertical settlement and horizontal displacement will also increase. The soil depth of the soil outside the cantilever type and the convex type is significantly affected by the overlying load pressure and distance. The displacement of the upper soil is significantly affected by changing the pressure and distance of the overlying load in the cantilever deformation mode, but the displacement of the middle and lower soil is more significantly affected by changing the pressure and distance of the overlying load in the convex deformation mode. Compared with reducing the distance of the overlying load in the same proportion, increasing the overlying load has a greater impact on the displacement. It can be seen that in the actual project, it is necessary to combine the local building distribution with the underground engineering environment, and take appropriate measures to avoid the most unfavorable deformation mode of the retaining structure.
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为探究临近基坑上覆荷载对坑外土体内部变形的影响作用,采用自主设计的可控围护结构变形模式的透明土试验箱并结合粒子图像测速技术,对不同围护结构变形模式下上覆荷载对土体内部变形的影响差异进行分析。通过透明土试验所得数据与预测曲线以及工程实例进行对比,验证了试验结果的可靠性。结果表明:上覆荷载对坑外土体位移场影响显著。增大上覆荷载或减小上覆荷载与围护结构之间的距离会使坑外土体位移影响区向土层深部扩展,最大竖直沉降和水平位移也随之增大。悬臂型与内凸型坑外土体受上覆荷载压强和距离影响显著的土层深度不同。上部土体位移受悬臂型变形模式中改变上覆荷载压强与距离的影响显著,但中下部土体位移受内凸型变形模式中改变上覆荷载压强与距离的影响更为显著。相比于同比例减小上覆荷载距离,增大上覆荷载对位移影响更大。可见在实际工程中,需要结合当地建筑分布与地下工程环境,采取适当手段避免围护结构产生最不利变形模式。
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张晓双(1987—),女,汉族,河北唐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:地下工程、注浆工程。E-mail:20160068@nuc.edu.cn。
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张晓双(1987—),女,汉族,河北唐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:地下工程、注浆工程。E-mail:20160068@nuc.edu.cn。
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Transparent soil model test facility, figureFileSmall=ww32N7+xM1MvZ/zB9Z8Jtw==, figureFileBig=Oe78EbbEHNz/sIhpZBRdVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559258136621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
透明土模型试验装置 1为计算机;2为板式激光器;3为基坑内侧;4为围护结构;5为基坑;6为控制螺栓;7为照相侧
, figureFileSmall=ww32N7+xM1MvZ/zB9Z8Jtw==, figureFileBig=Oe78EbbEHNz/sIhpZBRdVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559421714494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Experimental flow chart, figureFileSmall=PPZYf51cMSdvXk95APlAag==, figureFileBig=r3yZOaoQChiwxFEudipQMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559568515149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
试验流程图, figureFileSmall=PPZYf51cMSdvXk95APlAag==, figureFileBig=r3yZOaoQChiwxFEudipQMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559761453149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Test scheme design facility, figureFileSmall=LI+g7samvS3AARAyZzSqEA==, figureFileBig=Bsyj6mdpb0Jsv4q4o1xiYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559878893671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
试验方案设计, figureFileSmall=LI+g7samvS3AARAyZzSqEA==, figureFileBig=Bsyj6mdpb0Jsv4q4o1xiYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560029888625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Comparison of soil displacement curves outside the pit, figureFileSmall=74pK1u7enMQlmbMIIS7kPQ==, figureFileBig=JQL1kcVKkw7q3cA4cps0tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560206049406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
坑外土体位移曲线对比, figureFileSmall=74pK1u7enMQlmbMIIS7kPQ==, figureFileBig=JQL1kcVKkw7q3cA4cps0tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560373821576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Sedimentation and horizontal displacement of cantilever overlying 0.6 and 3.0 kPa loads, figureFileSmall=d+jCdzPIwwLJIrJKD8Rwog==, figureFileBig=m/tsprq1TBrYtiEoEO690Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560570953877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
0.6和3.0 kPa时悬臂型变形位移曲线与位移差值, figureFileSmall=d+jCdzPIwwLJIrJKD8Rwog==, figureFileBig=m/tsprq1TBrYtiEoEO690Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560721948836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Sedimentation and horizontal displacement of convex overlying 0.6 kPa and 3.0 kPa loads, figureFileSmall=kH4d43hQpeWFXyedE6qbcw==, figureFileBig=rMgPQi27EVo2DpCvAbp2PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560843583666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
0.6 kPa和3.0 kPa时内凸型变形位移曲线与位移差值, figureFileSmall=kH4d43hQpeWFXyedE6qbcw==, figureFileBig=rMgPQi27EVo2DpCvAbp2PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422560981995704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Different influence between retaining structure deformation modes under different overlying load, figureFileSmall=YmxTh22gkhDlEWjhWwggtQ==, figureFileBig=fAjrCe9opQcZ+qQyljzQ0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422561103630533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同变形模式下坑外土体受上覆荷载大小影响区别, figureFileSmall=YmxTh22gkhDlEWjhWwggtQ==, figureFileBig=fAjrCe9opQcZ+qQyljzQ0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422561233653963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Sedimentation and horizontal displacement of L=0 and L=1 cantilever retaining structure deformation, figureFileSmall=g/p24WKs3P3AV2aTjdbETw==, figureFileBig=yS6KX8U4U39/XR06nQiRPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422561351094485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
荷载分布于L=0,L=1处悬臂型变形位移曲线, figureFileSmall=g/p24WKs3P3AV2aTjdbETw==, figureFileBig=yS6KX8U4U39/XR06nQiRPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422561506283740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Sedimentation and Lorizontal displacement of L=0 and L=1 convexity Deformation, figureFileSmall=+AShPMk7A9FBhA2Tpi2voA==, figureFileBig=PMPNEdjtTIwZhZHYFtXjQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422561669861608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
荷载分布于L=0,L=1处内凸型变形位移曲线, figureFileSmall=+AShPMk7A9FBhA2Tpi2voA==, figureFileBig=PMPNEdjtTIwZhZHYFtXjQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422561841828085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
The influence of overlying load position on the soil under different retaining structure deformation mode, figureFileSmall=0FySIS/ttYR2YfX1+nSMrA==, figureFileBig=bxU1pWfJQS1JfSEy/0s/ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422562059931907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同变形模式下坑外土体受上覆荷载位置影响区别, figureFileSmall=0FySIS/ttYR2YfX1+nSMrA==, figureFileBig=bxU1pWfJQS1JfSEy/0s/ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422562202538250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Comparison of inner convex outside soil affected by load size and position, figureFileSmall=mtZGHGdwIYOVLcxMZaXelQ==, figureFileBig=Srh5AUGCt7iPLusZ9xpg9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422563674738963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
内凸型坑外土体受荷载大小与位置影响对比, figureFileSmall=mtZGHGdwIYOVLcxMZaXelQ==, figureFileBig=Srh5AUGCt7iPLusZ9xpg9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422563808956705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
physical and mechanical properties of sandy soil and transparent soil
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 砂体类别 | 密度/ (g·cm-3) | 内磨擦角/ (°) | 最大干密度/ (g·cm-3) | 最小干密度/ (g·cm-3) | 最大孔 隙比 | 最小孔 隙比 | 压缩系数/ MPa-1 |
| 砂土 | 2.41 | 31.94 | 1.637 | 1.379 | 0.922 | 0.619 | 0.341 |
| 透明土 | 2.21 | 32.21 | 1.296 | 1.111 | 0.989 | 0.705 | 0.470 |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422563930591528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
砂土与透明土物理力学参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 砂体类别 | 密度/ (g·cm-3) | 内磨擦角/ (°) | 最大干密度/ (g·cm-3) | 最小干密度/ (g·cm-3) | 最大孔 隙比 | 最小孔 隙比 | 压缩系数/ MPa-1 |
| 砂土 | 2.41 | 31.94 | 1.637 | 1.379 | 0.922 | 0.619 | 0.341 |
| 透明土 | 2.21 | 32.21 | 1.296 | 1.111 | 0.989 | 0.705 | 0.470 |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422564018671920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Different retaining structure deformation modes under bolt control
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 变形模式 | 不同螺栓控制的变形量/mm |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| A | 悬臂变形 | 6 | 4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| B | 内凸变形 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| C | 复合变形 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422564127723832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
螺栓控制下不同围护结构变形模式变形量
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 变形模式 | 不同螺栓控制的变形量/mm |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| A | 悬臂变形 | 6 | 4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| B | 内凸变形 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| C | 复合变形 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422564253552961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of the control group and the formal group
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验 分组 | 最大沉 降/mm | 水平位 移/mm | 最大沉降 发生位置 | 最大水平位 移发生位置 |
| 对照组 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 0.179L | 0.259H |
| 正式组 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 0.174L | 0.263H |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422564341633354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264264617812672, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
对照组与正式组沉降与水平位移特性对照
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验 分组 | 最大沉 降/mm | 水平位 移/mm | 最大沉降 发生位置 | 最大水平位 移发生位置 |
| 对照组 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 0.179L | 0.259H |
| 正式组 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 0.174L | 0.263H |
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