Article(id=1156264262994612864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=1733760000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753604482649, onlineDateStr=2025-07-27, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753604482649, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753604482649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753604482649, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156264148657886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='6', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='2636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753604455388, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771257443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2490, endPage=2498, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156264264022217349, articleId=1156264262994612864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=The Macro-Micro Bonding Characteristics between Desert Sand Self-compacting Concrete and Existing Concrete, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bonding with existing concrete is one of the important application situations of self-compacting concrete. With the aim of investigating the bonding characteristics between DSSC (desert sand self-compacting concrete) and other existing concrete, the bond-casting test, bonding interface splitting tensile strength and sand-filling method was used to determinate the failure mode and analyze the influence of concrete type and interface treatment method on the bonding characteristics between old and new concrete. Scanning electron microscope was used to photograph the micro-morphological characteristics of the bonding interface and determinate the distribution of gap width. The results show that the bonding performance is stronger when the linear grooving is consistent with the loading direction. Compared with linear groove cutting, the drilling interface is more efficient in interface efficiency and bonding strength. Low water-to-cement ratio reduces the bond interface gap. The effect of desert sand on the reduction of the bond interface gap is more significant with low water-to-cement ratio.

, correspAuthors=Hai-feng LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao GUAN, Rui SONG, Jin-yao HAN, Hai-feng LIU, Wei-han CAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156264363062317096, articleId=1156264262994612864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=沙漠砂自密实混凝土—既有混凝土的宏微观黏结特性, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

与既有混凝土黏结是自密实混凝土重要使用场景之一。为了探究沙漠砂自密实混凝土(desert sand self-compacting concrete,DSSC)与既有混凝土黏结特性,通过黏结填充、劈裂抗拉强度试验与灌砂法确定黏结破坏模式,分析混凝土类型和界面处理方式对新老混凝土黏结性能影响。利用扫描电子显微镜测定黏结界面微观形貌特征,分析黏结界面间隙宽度分布。研究表明:线型切槽界面与受力方向一致时黏结性能更强;钻孔界面比线型切槽界面效率更高、黏结强度更强、稳定性更好;低水胶比缩小黏结界面间隙,沙漠砂对黏结界面间隙缩减效果在低水胶比下更显著。

, correspAuthors=刘海峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘海峰(1975—),男,汉族,宁夏中宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:材料和结构灾变行为。E-mail:
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关超(1990—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,工程师。研究方向:工程项目管理。E-mail:

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关超(1990—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,工程师。研究方向:工程项目管理。E-mail:

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关超(1990—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,工程师。研究方向:工程项目管理。E-mail:

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keyword=微观形貌)], refs=[Reference(id=1233422560705171615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=2013, issue=null, pageStart=198, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Güneyisi E, journalName=Eco-Efficient Concrete, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Güneyisi E. 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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2018, 10(25): 21696-21711., articleTitle=Interface properties of nano silica-modified waterborne epoxy cement repairing system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233422568728875533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=8, pageStart=281, pageEnd=285, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=40, authorNames=崔自治, 王建峰, 张程, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔自治, 王建峰, 张程, 等. 镁渣矿粉复合对混凝土早期抗裂的影响研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(8): 281-285., articleTitle=镁渣矿粉复合对混凝土早期抗裂的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233422568821150227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=8, pageStart=281, pageEnd=285, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Cui Zizhi, Wang Jianfeng, Zhang Chen, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui Zizhi, Wang Jianfeng, Zhang Chen, et al. Effect of magnesium slag and slag composite on early crack resistance of concrete[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(8): 281-285., articleTitle=Effect of magnesium slag and slag composite on early crack resistance of concrete, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1233422560180883575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, awardId=52168034, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52168034), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1233422560386404490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, awardId=2023AAC03039, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03039), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233422546893328636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233422546905911549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, companyId=1233422546893328636, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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figureFileBig=SlR6i1yfTYSRzfk6e/rysA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422555206439732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=图7, caption=界面黏结强度稳定性, figureFileSmall=WLEhkls95kJ6Im8/JBBVbA==, figureFileBig=SlR6i1yfTYSRzfk6e/rysA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422555332268866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Strength efficiency of overlay concrete, figureFileSmall=085rj9qLoqn9BlugAfzE2w==, figureFileBig=lFFr+GVbYUjsblGvZrT1QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422555500041049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=图8, caption=新混凝土强度效率, figureFileSmall=085rj9qLoqn9BlugAfzE2w==, figureFileBig=lFFr+GVbYUjsblGvZrT1QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422555625870181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Efficiency of surface treatments, figureFileSmall=4BV5lHfPIULSGBzrzzlSwA==, figureFileBig=VK5wF7nLyl7Q+OGDz7bNdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422555789448054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=图9, caption=界面处理效率, figureFileSmall=4BV5lHfPIULSGBzrzzlSwA==, figureFileBig=VK5wF7nLyl7Q+OGDz7bNdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422555890111364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Appearance of failure modes, figureFileSmall=+Ca0KrM9xLewVa/3P0Zfcg==, figureFileBig=zUKGPcqOudimd9LCSAuXlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422556032717720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=图10, caption=黏结破坏模式, figureFileSmall=+Ca0KrM9xLewVa/3P0Zfcg==, figureFileBig=zUKGPcqOudimd9LCSAuXlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422556166935459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=SEM images of bonding interface, figureFileSmall=UbosrJw+cJTpPivIdjyWeg==, figureFileBig=87oKKZN8oq3ugDBxpffkWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422556292764585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=图11, caption=黏结界面电镜图像

EHT为加速电压;WD为镜-物距;Signal为信号模式;Mag为放大倍数

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Properties indexes of OPC (ordinary portland cement)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥标号 细度
0.045/%
烧失量/% 标准稠度用
水量/%
凝结时间/min 强度指标/MPa
初凝 终凝 抗压强度 抗折强度
P.O.42.5R 4.7 3.2 28 135 170 58.4 8.9
), ArticleFig(id=1233422556921910241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

普通硅酸盐水泥性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥标号 细度
0.045/%
烧失量/% 标准稠度用
水量/%
凝结时间/min 强度指标/MPa
初凝 终凝 抗压强度 抗折强度
P.O.42.5R 4.7 3.2 28 135 170 58.4 8.9
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557056127977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chemical compositions of OPC and fly ash

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
胶凝材料 化学组分/%
CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SO3 K2O NaO P2O5 TiO2 Na2O
水泥 64.9 19.9 4.42 3.00 0.66 2.67 0.79 0.08 0.1 0.21
粉煤灰 6.87 51.93 22.98 5.2 2.14 1.49 0.87 0.45 1.08
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557228094462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰化学组分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
胶凝材料 化学组分/%
CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SO3 K2O NaO P2O5 TiO2 Na2O
水泥 64.9 19.9 4.42 3.00 0.66 2.67 0.79 0.08 0.1 0.21
粉煤灰 6.87 51.93 22.98 5.2 2.14 1.49 0.87 0.45 1.08
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557328756739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fine aggregate characteristic

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
细骨料 累积筛余/% 细度
模数
表观密度/
(g·m-3)
堆积密度/
(g·m-3)
含泥量/%
4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15
中砂 1.1 27 46.6 66.9 83.7 92.7 2.84 2.59 1.56 0.3
沙漠砂 0 0.04 2.4 22.26 0.24 2.44 1.39 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557454585869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

细骨料性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
细骨料 累积筛余/% 细度
模数
表观密度/
(g·m-3)
堆积密度/
(g·m-3)
含泥量/%
4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15
中砂 1.1 27 46.6 66.9 83.7 92.7 2.84 2.59 1.56 0.3
沙漠砂 0 0.04 2.4 22.26 0.24 2.44 1.39 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557622358045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Volume density of surface preparations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏结界面 S H CH CV
体积密度dV/
(mm3·mm-2)
0 0.90 1.78 1.78
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557773352999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

表面处理体积密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏结界面 S H CH CV
体积密度dV/
(mm3·mm-2)
0 0.90 1.78 1.78
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559249748012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mix proportions of concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 沙漠砂替
代率/%
含量/(kg·m-3)
水泥 粉煤灰 中砂 沙漠砂 骨料 减水剂
基体 0 185 370 0 538 0 1 257 0
NC 0 195 488 0 530 0 1 237 0.488
DSC 40 195 488 0 318 212 1 237 0.488
SCC 0 181 380 170 702 0 945 1.45
DSSC 40 181 380 170 422 280 945 1.78
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559346217016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

混凝土配合比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 沙漠砂替
代率/%
含量/(kg·m-3)
水泥 粉煤灰 中砂 沙漠砂 骨料 减水剂
基体 0 185 370 0 538 0 1 257 0
NC 0 195 488 0 530 0 1 237 0.488
DSC 40 195 488 0 318 212 1 237 0.488
SCC 0 181 380 170 702 0 945 1.45
DSSC 40 181 380 170 422 280 945 1.78
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559442686019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Characteristics of new concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能 基体 NC DSC SCC DSSC
坍落度/mm 150 230 210 250 265
拓展度/mm 380 450 420 700 750
T500/s 3.1 3.8
V漏斗时间/s 20.5 11.0
L-box测试 0.92 0.97
28 d抗压强度/MPa 35.0 51.0 55.6 67.2 70.1
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559560126541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

新拌混凝土性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能 基体 NC DSC SCC DSSC
坍落度/mm 150 230 210 250 265
拓展度/mm 380 450 420 700 750
T500/s 3.1 3.8
V漏斗时间/s 20.5 11.0
L-box测试 0.92 0.97
28 d抗压强度/MPa 35.0 51.0 55.6 67.2 70.1
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559761453150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Failure modes and probability

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组别 失效模式 概率/% 组别 失效模式 概率/%
NC-S A 100 DSC-S A 100
NC-H A 100 DSC-H A&B 33.3
NC-CH A 100 DSC-CH A&B 33.3
NC-CV A 100 DSC-CV A&B 33.3
SCC-S A&B 33.3 DSSC-S A&B 33.3
SCC-H A&B 33.3 DSSC-H B&C 66.6
SCC-CH A&B 33.3 DSSC-CH B&C 66.6
SCC-CV A&B 33.3 DSSC-CV B&C 66.6
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559878893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264262994612864, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

失效模式和发生概率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 失效模式 概率/% 组别 失效模式 概率/%
NC-S A 100 DSC-S A 100
NC-H A 100 DSC-H A&B 33.3
NC-CH A 100 DSC-CH A&B 33.3
NC-CV A 100 DSC-CV A&B 33.3
SCC-S A&B 33.3 DSSC-S A&B 33.3
SCC-H A&B 33.3 DSSC-H B&C 66.6
SCC-CH A&B 33.3 DSSC-CH B&C 66.6
SCC-CV A&B 33.3 DSSC-CV B&C 66.6
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沙漠砂自密实混凝土—既有混凝土的宏微观黏结特性
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关超 1 , 宋锐 1 , 韩瑾瑶 1 , 刘海峰 2, * , 蔡伟涵 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(6): 2490-2498
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(6): 2490-2498
沙漠砂自密实混凝土—既有混凝土的宏微观黏结特性
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关超1 , 宋锐1, 韩瑾瑶1, 刘海峰2, * , 蔡伟涵2
作者信息
  • 1 宁夏农垦建设有限公司, 银川 750001
  • 2 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021
  • 关超(1990—),男,汉族,宁夏银川人,工程师。研究方向:工程项目管理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 刘海峰(1975—),男,汉族,宁夏中宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:材料和结构灾变行为。E-mail:
The Macro-Micro Bonding Characteristics between Desert Sand Self-compacting Concrete and Existing Concrete
Chao GUAN1 , Rui SONG1, Jin-yao HAN1, Hai-feng LIU2, * , Wei-han CAI2
Affiliations
  • 1 Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Construction Co., Ltd., Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China
  • 2 College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402191
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与既有混凝土黏结是自密实混凝土重要使用场景之一。为了探究沙漠砂自密实混凝土(desert sand self-compacting concrete,DSSC)与既有混凝土黏结特性,通过黏结填充、劈裂抗拉强度试验与灌砂法确定黏结破坏模式,分析混凝土类型和界面处理方式对新老混凝土黏结性能影响。利用扫描电子显微镜测定黏结界面微观形貌特征,分析黏结界面间隙宽度分布。研究表明:线型切槽界面与受力方向一致时黏结性能更强;钻孔界面比线型切槽界面效率更高、黏结强度更强、稳定性更好;低水胶比缩小黏结界面间隙,沙漠砂对黏结界面间隙缩减效果在低水胶比下更显著。

沙漠砂自密实混凝土  /  黏结性能  /  界面处理  /  微观形貌

Bonding with existing concrete is one of the important application situations of self-compacting concrete. With the aim of investigating the bonding characteristics between DSSC (desert sand self-compacting concrete) and other existing concrete, the bond-casting test, bonding interface splitting tensile strength and sand-filling method was used to determinate the failure mode and analyze the influence of concrete type and interface treatment method on the bonding characteristics between old and new concrete. Scanning electron microscope was used to photograph the micro-morphological characteristics of the bonding interface and determinate the distribution of gap width. The results show that the bonding performance is stronger when the linear grooving is consistent with the loading direction. Compared with linear groove cutting, the drilling interface is more efficient in interface efficiency and bonding strength. Low water-to-cement ratio reduces the bond interface gap. The effect of desert sand on the reduction of the bond interface gap is more significant with low water-to-cement ratio.

DSSC (desert sand self-compacting concrete)  /  bonding characteristics  /  interface treatment  /  microstructure
关超, 宋锐, 韩瑾瑶, 刘海峰, 蔡伟涵. 沙漠砂自密实混凝土—既有混凝土的宏微观黏结特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2490 -2498 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402191
Chao GUAN, Rui SONG, Jin-yao HAN, Hai-feng LIU, Wei-han CAI. The Macro-Micro Bonding Characteristics between Desert Sand Self-compacting Concrete and Existing Concrete[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2490 -2498 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402191
自密实混凝土(self-compacting concrete,SCC)高流动性、高施工性、高密度和均质性是不同于普通混凝土的独特性能和优势,特别适用于传统浇筑方法难以操作或无法实现的情况,是施工缝、桥梁湿接头、混凝土间覆盖层、混凝土结构修复等新老混凝土黏结工况、异形模板与密集配筋工程场景首选材料[1-2]。在自重作用下流动和固结减少了熟练劳动力需求、降低人员工伤风险;在提高外表平整度的同时大大加快施工进度;无需振捣机械即可完成浇筑,既降低能耗又减少施工现场振动噪音污染,具有绿色环保特性[3]。高浆骨比与高砂率是SCC配合比固有特性[4-7],其受砂资源紧缺影响更大,探索适用SCC细骨料替代物对其发展与应用有重要意义。
沙漠砂(desert sand,DS)是强风化矿物颗粒,理化性质稳定、储量丰富[8]。不同地区沙漠砂粒径范围从数微米到数百微米不等[9]。与其他类型砂按照特定比例混合后配制的砂浆和普通混凝土可改善拌合物工作性、提高抗压强度、抗冲击性能、提升冻融耐久性、增强耐火性能等[10-14]。配合比优化设计后,可实现利用沙漠砂配制特种混凝土满足工程要求,如沙漠砂高强混凝土、沙漠砂3D打印混凝土、沙漠砂隧道喷射混凝土等[15-18]。对于沙漠砂自密实混凝土(desert sand self-compacting concrete,DSSC)相关研究目前主要集中在流变特性及力学性能方面[19-21],针对沙漠砂自密实混凝土与既有混凝土黏结性能方面相关研究鲜有报道,其界面黏结作用机理尚不清楚。
新老混凝土间实现可靠粘结至关重要,使混凝土结构有效传递分散荷载、抵御环境因素影响、获得足够性能和使用寿命以及确保结构完整性和整体性[22-24]。因此,现对含DSSC在内4种混凝土进行对比研究,通过静力与微细观试验,探讨黏结强度、破坏模式以及微观界面黏结特征差异,以期为沙漠砂自密实混凝土的推广应用提供技术指导及理论依据。
水泥选用当地生产P.O.42.5R水泥,性能参数如表1所示,粉煤灰来自当地热电厂,其化学组成如表2所示。粗骨料选用连续粒径为5~20 mm机械碎石。细骨料为机械破碎山砂和毛乌素沙地沙漠砂,性能如表3所示。外加剂为北京慕湖有限公司生产的粉末状聚羧酸高效减水剂,减水率30%以上。试验用水为本地自来水。
为了研究混凝土类型和界面处理方式对新老混凝土黏结性能的影响,考虑4种混凝土(沙漠砂自密实混凝土、自密实混凝土、沙漠砂混凝土、普通混凝土)与4种界面处理方式(光滑表面S、钻孔表面H、线型水平切槽CH、线型竖直切槽CV)。宏观黏结性能利用黏结界面劈裂抗拉强度试验测定(简称为界面黏结强度),基体混凝土尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×75 mm,即半个边长为150 mm立方体试件,采用预制方式制备,黏结组合试件如图1所示。基体混凝土黏结面界面处理方式为后处理,分别采用机械钻孔和切割线槽。机械钻孔采用Φ10 mm螺旋钻头,钻成尺寸为直径12 mm、深度20 mm钻孔。切割线槽由带有厚度为 4 mm石材切割片的座式切割机切割而成。制成切槽尺寸为宽度7 mm、深度10 mm,在150 mm×150 mm 截面上切槽总长度约400 mm。界面处理后体积密度(volume density,dV)如表4所示,界面处理如图2所示。
基体混凝土养护28 d后进行界面处理,界面处理时以水冷防止局部灼烧。表面处理工序完成后使用清水洗净表面装模等待浇注剩余部分。普通混凝土使用振捣台充分振捣并分层捣实,自密实混凝土采用重力密实。组合试件浇筑完成24 h后脱模,标准养护28 d后进行后续测试。
沙漠砂自密实混凝土(DSSC)与自密实混凝土(SCC)配合比设计参考《自密实混凝土应用技术规程》(JGJ/T283—2012)[25],按照绝对体积法计算得到SCC配合比,再以40%沙漠砂等质量替代机制砂配制DSSC。考虑到沙漠砂粒径较细,沙漠砂砂浆黏聚性效果好,故适当降低中砂体积分数。考虑到黏结界面粗糙化纹理结构填充需求,通过增加粉体材料适当增加浆体体积以防止填充不良病害,提高粗骨料包裹滚动效果、增大流动性能。沙漠砂混凝土(desert sand concrete, DSC)与普通混凝土(normal concrete, NC)配合比设计参考《普通混凝土配合比设计规程》(JGJ 55—2011)[26],在NC配合比基础上以40%沙漠砂等质量替代机制砂配制DSC。加入适量减水剂以达到较大坍落度或大流动性,混凝土配合比与减水剂用量如表5所示。新拌混凝土工作性能及28 d立方体抗压强度如表6所示。
组合试件达到28 d养护龄期后,进行黏结界面劈裂抗拉强度试验。黏结界面置于劈裂垫块正中,试验布置如图1所示。加载过程首先采用力控制达到目标载荷3 kN,加载速率为 0.05 kN/s。达到目标值后,以0.05 mm/min速率进行位移控制直至破坏。每种工况测试3个试样,若变异系数(coefficient of variation,COV)大于15%则增加一组试样进行统计。
新老混凝土界面微观形貌图像采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)捕捉。进行黏结界面微观分析试样从未经力学试验的黏结组合试件黏结界面处切取,切割过程以水冷防止局部灼烧损坏、改变微观结构,切割完毕后浸入无水乙醇24 h停止水化。由于水分对SEM操作和测试结果产生干扰,故样品经24 h恒温40 ℃低温干燥。干燥试验采用环氧树脂浸渍固定后进行多级研磨和抛光,通过溅射涂覆金相导电层后完成试样制备,制样完成效果如图3所示。测试时电子加速电压为10 kV,此时分辨率较高、画面噪点弱。
黏结材料填充表观特征如图4所示,图4(a)图4(b)为浇筑成型中出现的非密实病害。黏结浇筑成型后统计非密实病害与完好黏结填充占比,每种新混凝土样本量均为20,不同混凝土非密实填充概率如图5所示。NC黏结组合试件新混凝土处出现严重骨料暴露,发生概率为15%,使用图形处理软件测得暴露面积占浇筑面超50%。DSC黏结组合试件新混凝土处骨料暴露面积显著减小,未密实填充现象发生概率约10%。混凝土蜂窝状骨料暴露的原因多为混凝土抗离析性能不足 [27]所致。DSC黏结组合试件骨料暴露面积减小、概率降低,说明掺入40%沙漠砂有效地改善了混凝土组分间粘聚性,缓解了浆体与骨料分离可能性。利用SCC和DSSC进行浇注粘结未见非密实情况,新混凝土表面平整且填充良好,体现了自密实混凝土优异填充性和密实性的优势。自密实混凝土浇注后无需振捣体现出其高质高效的优势,普通混凝土浇注后必须进行耗时的振动插捣成型,且尚无法使黏结处填充密实妥当,说明普通混凝土较SCC存在自身局限性,二者工作性能差异无法在外加振捣辅助下完全消除。普通混凝土受强振动虽然降低了剪切屈服极限呈现拌合物“液化”特性,但其自身滚动势能并未提高,故普通混凝土即使在振捣干预下也无法重现SCC高流动性。
界面黏结强度与新混凝土类型、界面处理关系如图6所示。无筋新老混凝土界面黏结强度取决于黏结附着力与界面处理-新混凝土剪力键销栓互锁力之和[28-29]。从S界面黏结强度可知,在普通混凝土(NC)或自密实混凝土(SCC)中掺入40%沙漠砂显著提升了界面黏结强度,高水胶比(NC)增幅为21.2%,低水胶比(SCC)增幅为11.6%。由界面黏结强度变异系数(图7)可知,掺入40%沙漠砂界面黏结强度COV得到控制,表明含沙漠砂混凝土较无添加组界面黏结稳定性有所提升,说明掺入沙漠砂优化了混凝土级配与拌合物的均质性,减少黏结界面缺陷。
新混凝土NC由于较差的拌合物工作性能与较高不良填充概率,造成H界面黏结强度略弱于CH界面(图6)。不同于C界面容易排出空气,H界面在拌合物工作性能不良时很难获得密实填充并形成有效受力的剪力键。界面处理效率同样证实这点,NC在H界面效率弱,与CH界面效率差值较小。
界面黏结强度稳定性方面同样受到拌合物工作性影响。在C界面下,DSSC的COV值略高于SCC,该现象可归因为DSSC较SCC黏聚性增加而流速有所降低,该特性不适用S与H界面。可见,高性能材料与更佳的拌合物工作性共同作用才能保证稳定与高强的黏结性能。
以界面黏结强度与新老混凝土强度比衡量新混凝土强度对界面黏结强度的提升,如式(1)所示,即混凝土强度效率(strength efficiency,Es),如图8所示。对于S界面,含沙漠砂混凝土强度效率高于未掺加组,表明沙漠砂对黏结附着力有增益作用。沙漠砂中超细颗粒有助于推动水泥水化程度[12],强化水泥与粗细骨料黏结性能提升。新混凝土与既有混凝土黏结相类似,沙漠砂的掺入推动了水化进程,强化了界面黏结强度。低水胶比混凝土有更优质水化产物、更强水化潜力,有效提高了混凝土强度效率,
${E}_{\mathrm{s}}=\frac{{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}}{{f}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}}/{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}}}$
式(1)中:fsplit为界面黏结强度,MPa;foverlay为新混凝土抗压强度,MPa;fsubstrate为老混凝土抗压强度,MPa。
不同界面处理方式界面黏结强度存在差异。图6表明受力平行切槽(CV)产生最佳界面黏结强度,受力垂直切槽(CH)界面黏结强度较弱,不同方向黏结强度差异达16%以上。由于混凝土材料具有各向异性,不同受力方向单向切槽黏结劈裂抗拉强度不同。当界面处理-新混凝土剪力键直接承受劈裂作用力时能够充分发挥抗裂作用与混凝土抗压优势,抵抗裂缝延伸而破坏全截面黏结强度协同效应。对于钻孔界面(H),由于钻孔在黏结界面均匀分布,不存在黏结强度方向效应,故钻孔界面黏结稳定性更佳。以界面黏结强度与体积密度之比衡量界面体积密度对黏结强度的提升,如式(2)所示,即界面处理效率(efficiency of surface treatments,Est),如图9所示。钻孔界面Est显著高于线型切槽界面,无论何种界面处理方式、何种新混凝土,充分进行界面处理较界面不处理均使得界面黏结强度与黏结稳定性显著提高,良好的界面处理方式使新混凝土强度效率大幅度提升。
${E}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}=\frac{{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}}{{d}_{\mathrm{V}}}$
式(2)中:Est为界面处理效率;dV为表面处理体积密度,mm3/mm2
界面黏结强度试验后观察到3种破坏模式,即界面粘接失效(A)、老混凝土基体表面剥离失效(B)和老混凝土基体断裂失效(C),如图10所示。界面粘接失效(A)时老混凝土基体表面光滑无附着浆体;老混凝土基体表面剥离失效(B)时老混凝土基体表面浆体剥落但基体无显著裂缝,利用灌砂法测得粗糙度[30]小于1 mm;基体断裂失效(C)时老混凝土基体表面浆体剥落并存在显著裂缝或结构缺失,粗糙度介于1 mm与2 mm。破坏模式(A)表现为新混凝土对基体强度利用效率最低,模式(B)体现了新混凝土对老混凝土基体强度利用效率较好,模式(C)体现出新混凝土对老混凝土基体强度利用率最高,协同受力达到最大黏结强度。黏结界面失效形态与断裂韧性及延性有关。模式(C)锯齿状形态表明良好的黏结充分利用老混凝土基体强度,增加受荷应变、减弱脆性断裂、增大断裂能与提高结构韧性[30-31]
从失效模式和发生概率(表7)可知,沙漠砂混凝土界面黏结强度失效模式逐渐从模式(A)向模式(B)转换,说明添加沙漠砂可起到提高界面黏结性能的效果。对于高强新混凝土,在界面处理下有较大概率出现老混凝土基体断裂失效模式(C),黏结效果远好于普通混凝土,这证明了高性能材料与充分界面处理对新老混凝土粘结都至关重要。
不同新混凝土黏结界面处SEM图像如图11所示。普通混凝土(NC)黏结界面存在明显较大黏结间隙,黏结间隙向新混凝土侧有多条长约10 μm裂缝延伸。沙漠砂混凝土(DSC)黏结界面较宽,黏结间隙长度减少,延伸裂缝数量减少。这说明掺入沙漠砂能填充骨料间孔隙,有助于缩小黏结界面间隙,提高抗裂性能。自密实混凝土(SCC)黏结界面处黏结间隙较小,无宽裂缝出现。沙漠砂自密实混凝土(DSSC)黏结界面处黏结间隙宽度窄,且未发现裂缝开展。自密实混凝土与沙漠砂自密实混凝土具有较高的均质性与致密性,较高的浆-骨比使水泥浆体易于深入混凝土基体表面细小界面中,为新老混凝土黏结性能带来增益。
沙漠砂抗裂效应归因于沙漠砂砂浆的均质性与沙漠砂的吸水保水性。水泥基体干缩是形成裂缝的重要因素,骨料是抵抗收缩的重要贡献者[32]。沙漠砂砂浆中均匀分散的沙漠砂比普通中砂形成更佳的均质性,因此具有更佳的抗干缩性能。沙漠砂的吸水、黏聚性形成天然保水内养护效果,提供额外抗干缩裂缝增益。
为定量研究不同新混凝土微观结构差异,使用概率密度函数(probability density function,PDF)统计黏结间隙宽度。将黏结界面SEM图像导入Image J 图像分析软件,以2 μm为步长捕捉黏结间隙宽度。将收集到的黏结间隙宽度进行统计分析黏结间隙宽度频数,利用Parzen window得出界面黏结间隙的概率密度函数,概率密度函数计算方法为
${f}_{\mathrm{h}}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{1}{n}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{K}_{\mathrm{h}}(x-{x}_{i})=\frac{1}{nh}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}K\left(\frac{x-{x}_{i}}{h}\right)$
式(3)中:xi为取样点处界面黏结间隙宽度,其中i=1,2,…,n;n为总取样个数;h为步长间隔;Kh为含步长参数的核函数;K为核函数,核函数K(x)满足全域积分为1的高斯核,计算公式为
$K\left(x\right)=A\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(-\frac{{x}^{2}}{2{w}^{2}}\right)$
式(4)中:A、w为拟合参数。
图12为不同新混凝土黏结间隙宽度概率分布。NC黏结界面间隙宽度分布较宽,曲线呈矮胖型,频域宽度2.1 μm。掺入沙漠砂后,DSC黏结界面间隙宽度分布缩小,频域宽度减小到1.8 μm,降幅14.3%。低水胶比SCC使黏结界面间隙宽度分布大幅缩窄,限制间隙宽度上限,频域宽度为0.62 μm,较NC降幅超70%,这表明降低水胶比有效控制了黏结界面的最大间隙宽度。DSSC较SCC黏结界面间隙宽度进一步缩减,频域宽度为0.34 μm,降幅45.2%,说明低水胶比下沙漠砂促进水泥水化效应高于高水胶比,致密的水化产物填补了孔隙,使黏结界面间隙宽度分布更集中且间隙宽度更小。
(1)对于狭小复杂模板浇筑黏结工况,普通混凝土在振捣条件下也无法达到自密实混凝土填充密实效果。掺入40%沙漠砂后增强了混凝土拌合物黏聚性,有助于缓解骨料暴露的非密实病害。
(2)在新混凝土掺入40%沙漠砂增强了黏结稳定性,在进行充分界面处理后黏结强度最大提升21.2%。
(3)垂直受力方向的线型切槽比平行受力方向界面黏结强度低,钻孔界面的界面处理强度效率高于线型切槽,界面黏结强度稳定性更强。充分界面处理可提高界面黏结强度稳定性,提高界面黏结强度与混凝土强度效率,黏结破坏模式向老混凝土基体破坏。
(4)掺入40%沙漠砂提高了黏结界面的微观结构。在低水胶比下,掺入40%沙漠砂有效缩减黏结界面间隙。沙漠砂具有一定抗裂作用,减少了黏结间隙处裂缝数量与裂缝长度。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52168034)
  • 宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03039)
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2025年第25卷第6期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402191
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-27
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
  • 修回日期:2024-12-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(52168034)
宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03039)
作者信息
    1 宁夏农垦建设有限公司, 银川 750001
    2 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021

通讯作者:

* 刘海峰(1975—),男,汉族,宁夏中宁人,博士,教授。研究方向:材料和结构灾变行为。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402191
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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