Article(id=1156264261736321659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402280, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711814400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-31, revisedDate=1733846400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753604482348, onlineDateStr=2025-07-27, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753604482348, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753604482348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753604482348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156264148657886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='6', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='2636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753604455388, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771257443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2627, endPage=2636, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156264262218666621, articleId=1156264261736321659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Ecological Security Assessment and Multi-scenario Pattern Prediction of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Chongqing, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Land ecological security is the core of sustainable use of land resources, and land use changes caused by human activities change the structure and function of ecosystems, which have a serious impact on the regional ecological security system. In order to explore the changes in ecological security in Chongqing in recent years and in 2030, Chongqing was taken as the research object and PLUS (patch-level land use simulation) model was employed to simulate land use changes under the scenarios of natural development, ecological priority and development priority in 2030. Based on the ecological perspective, an ecological security evaluation index system was constructed, and the mutation model was combined to quantitatively evaluate the level of land ecological security. The results show that the spatial distribution of land use types in Chongqing is quite different, the cultivated land area decreased by 3 995.14 km2, and the construction land area increased by 1 147.36 km2, realizing rapid urban development. At the same time, 64.53%, 67.31% and 55.97% were relatively safe or above under the three scenarios. The spatial pattern of ecological security in Chongqing is opposite to the spatial pattern of population density and GDP, and consistent with the spatial pattern of natural data such as vegetation cover and slope. Through the ecological assessment of land use changes in previous years and under different scenarios, it provides a basis for high-quality coordinated development of ecology and economy.

, correspAuthors=Feng-yun MOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi-lin SHEN, Feng-yun MOU, Shi-rou ZHU, Zhi-xian ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156264302458819287, articleId=1156264261736321659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=山地城市生态安全评价及多情景格局预测:以重庆市为例, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

土地生态安全是土地资源持续利用的核心,由人类活动造成的土地利用变化改变生态系统结构与功能,对区域生态安全系统产生严重影响。为探究近年来重庆市及2030年生态安全变化情况,以重庆市为研究对象,采用PLUS(patch-level land use simulation)模型模拟2030年自然发展、生态优先、发展优先情景下土地利用变化。基于生态学角度构建生态安全评价指标体系,并结合突变模型定量评价土地生态安全水平。结果表明重庆市土地利用类型空间分布差异较大,耕地面积减少3 995.14 km2,建设用地面积增加1 147.36 km2,实现城市快速发展;2000—2020年重庆市生态安全处于一般安全等级以上面积占比呈增加-降低-增加-减少趋势,总体呈上升趋势。同时三种情景下处于在相对安全及以上占64.53%、67.31%、55.97%;重庆市生态安全空间格局与人口密度、GDP等空间格局相反,与植被覆盖、坡度等自然数据空间格局相符。通过对往年及不同情景下的土地利用变化情况进行生态评定,为生态及经济高质量协同发展提供依据。

, correspAuthors=牟凤云, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 牟凤云(1979—),女,汉族,山东潍坊人,博士,教授。研究方向:韧性城市与智慧防灾减灾。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=66VQjWylbKTQsajl2XPU/g==, magXml=Dy2ggul+3Dfgbvac15qcKw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=W4/Ds59ErrWNwTMzDs1VCQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xWgjw8w+6+cPHuToW4W30A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RlV5JVvqPlhKwWNkr1a5Ug==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

沈祺林(2000—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:资源与环境。E-mail:

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沈祺林(2000—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:资源与环境。E-mail:

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沈祺林(2000—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:资源与环境。E-mail:

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Water Resources Economics, 2021, 39(5): 13-19., articleTitle=Evaluation of land ecological security in the Yellow River Basin of China based on mutation theory method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1233422561401434758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, awardId=24YJAZH107, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(24YJAZH107), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1233422561556624016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, awardId=KJZD-K202300707, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市教委科学技术研究计划(KJZD-K202300707), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1233422561678258837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, awardId=T2261129473, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(T2261129473), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1233422561837642398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, 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caption=2000—2020年重庆市土地利用类型, figureFileSmall=mgFmSjphxNQPBTcJWibcQg==, figureFileBig=vdhUkNGd4S1z8gEcWluL0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422557177770424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Prediction of land use types in Chongqing in 2030 under multiple scenarios, figureFileSmall=u51iQ8/9kJMIXO+js80u+A==, figureFileBig=SwsjxDThc11sBG8UGKVuHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422557311988164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=图3, caption=多情景下对2030年重庆市土地利用类型预测, figureFileSmall=u51iQ8/9kJMIXO+js80u+A==, figureFileBig=SwsjxDThc11sBG8UGKVuHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422557471371729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Spatial distribution of ecological security in Chongqing from 2000 to 2020, figureFileSmall=geOgjkdQECYVznVboEu6yg==, figureFileBig=EyIKDjmbJNeLA4fhmO/h5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422557630755291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2000年—2020年重庆市生态安全空间分布, figureFileSmall=geOgjkdQECYVznVboEu6yg==, figureFileBig=EyIKDjmbJNeLA4fhmO/h5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422557756584418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Spatial distribution of ecological security in Chongqing under three scenarios in 2030, figureFileSmall=DNcLs8+2PYpK0S+q5CBz9Q==, figureFileBig=Gza9oCC/V+yI0gIT4X60Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559182647789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2030年三种情景下重庆市生态安全空间分布, figureFileSmall=DNcLs8+2PYpK0S+q5CBz9Q==, figureFileBig=Gza9oCC/V+yI0gIT4X60Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422559308476922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Data information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型 数据名称 时间/年 空间分辨率/m 数据来源
遥感影像数据 土地利用数据 2000—2020 30 武汉大学遥感信息工程学院遥感信息处理研究所(http://irsip.whu.edu.cn/)
DEM数据 30 地理空间数据云(www.gscloud.cn)
坡度 30 基于DEM提取
NDVI数据 2000—2020 1 000 http://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=257
人口分布数据 2000—2020 1 000 https://landscan.ornl.gov/
社会经济数据 GDP分布数据 2000—2020 1 000 http://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=252
距城镇距离 2020 30 ArcGIS欧氏距离分析
距铁路距离 30
距公路距离 30
距河流距离 30
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559451083269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数据信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型 数据名称 时间/年 空间分辨率/m 数据来源
遥感影像数据 土地利用数据 2000—2020 30 武汉大学遥感信息工程学院遥感信息处理研究所(http://irsip.whu.edu.cn/)
DEM数据 30 地理空间数据云(www.gscloud.cn)
坡度 30 基于DEM提取
NDVI数据 2000—2020 1 000 http://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=257
人口分布数据 2000—2020 1 000 https://landscan.ornl.gov/
社会经济数据 GDP分布数据 2000—2020 1 000 http://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=252
距城镇距离 2020 30 ArcGIS欧氏距离分析
距铁路距离 30
距公路距离 30
距河流距离 30
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559576912400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scenario simulation cost matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景
设置
惯性发展情景 城市发展情景 生态优先情景
耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设
用地
未利
用地
耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设
用地
未利
用地
耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设
用地
未利
用地
耕地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
林地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
草地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
灌木 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
水域 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
建设用地 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
未利用地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559744684571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

情景模拟成本矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景
设置
惯性发展情景 城市发展情景 生态优先情景
耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设
用地
未利
用地
耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设
用地
未利
用地
耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设
用地
未利
用地
耕地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
林地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
草地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
灌木 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
水域 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
建设用地 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
未利用地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
), ArticleFig(id=1233422559887290916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Ecological security evaluation index system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生态安
全评价
指标
体系
生态敏感性 经济压力 GDP
人口密度
社会压力 距城市距离
距道路距离
距河流距离
生态组织结构 景观破碎度 边缘密度
香农多样性指数
斑块破碎度
面积加权平均形状指数
景观连通度 斑块平均距离
斑块连接度
生态能力 自然生态 NDVI
坡度
植被覆盖
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560034091567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

生态安全评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生态安
全评价
指标
体系
生态敏感性 经济压力 GDP
人口密度
社会压力 距城市距离
距道路距离
距河流距离
生态组织结构 景观破碎度 边缘密度
香农多样性指数
斑块破碎度
面积加权平均形状指数
景观连通度 斑块平均距离
斑块连接度
生态能力 自然生态 NDVI
坡度
植被覆盖
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560197669431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Formulas related to the mutation progression method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
突变类型 势函数 状态变量 变量数量 归一化公式
折叠突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{3}{x}^{3}+ax$ X 1 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a}$
尖点突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{4}{x}^{4}+\frac{1}{2}a{x}^{2}+bx$ X 2 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a};{x}_{b}=\sqrt[3]{b}$
燕尾突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{5}{x}^{5}+\frac{1}{3}a{x}^{3}+\frac{1}{2}b{x}^{2}+cx$ X 3 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a};{x}_{b}=\sqrt[3]{b};{x}_{c}=\sqrt[4]{c}$
蝴蝶突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{6}{x}^{6}+\frac{1}{4}a{x}^{4}+\frac{1}{3}b{x}^{3}+\frac{1}{2}c{x}^{2}+dx$ X 4 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a};{x}_{b}=\sqrt[3]{b};{x}_{c}=\sqrt[4]{c};{x}_{d}=\sqrt[5]{d}$
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560365441599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

突变级数法相关公式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
突变类型 势函数 状态变量 变量数量 归一化公式
折叠突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{3}{x}^{3}+ax$ X 1 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a}$
尖点突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{4}{x}^{4}+\frac{1}{2}a{x}^{2}+bx$ X 2 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a};{x}_{b}=\sqrt[3]{b}$
燕尾突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{5}{x}^{5}+\frac{1}{3}a{x}^{3}+\frac{1}{2}b{x}^{2}+cx$ X 3 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a};{x}_{b}=\sqrt[3]{b};{x}_{c}=\sqrt[4]{c}$
蝴蝶突变模型 $Y=\frac{1}{6}{x}^{6}+\frac{1}{4}a{x}^{4}+\frac{1}{3}b{x}^{3}+\frac{1}{2}c{x}^{2}+dx$ X 4 ${x}_{a}=\sqrt{a};{x}_{b}=\sqrt[3]{b};{x}_{c}=\sqrt[4]{c};{x}_{d}=\sqrt[5]{d}$
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560516436552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Changes of land use types in Chongqing from 2000 to 2030

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 参数 耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设用地 荒地
2000年 面积/km2 38 707.06 41 288.15 194.24 977.74 809.77 525.69 0.01
比例/% 46.92 50.04 0.24 1.19 0.98 0.64 0.000 011
2005年 面积/km2 37 945.69 41 846.79 112.33 1023.91 927.81 646.12 0.01
比例/% 45.99 50.72 0.14 1.24 1.12 0.78 0.000 011
2010年 面积/km2 35 813.48 43 633.11 92.74 997.66 1 060.03 905.53 0.11
比例/% 43.41 52.89 0.11 1.21 1.28 1.10 0.000 136
2015年 面积/km2 36 821.02 42 715.13 92.72 420.31 1 123.41 1 329.92 0.15
比例/% 44.63 51.77 0.11 0.51 1.36 1.61 0.000 184
2020年 面积/km2 34 711.92 44 691.62 69.00 263.01 1 093.01 1 673.05 1.06
比例/% 42.07 54.17 0.08 0.32 1.32 2.03 0.001 288
2030年
城市发展
面积/km2 33 505.73 45 096.62 56.91 235.48 1 100.95 2 506.75 0.04
比例/% 40.61 54.66 0.07 0.29 1.33 3.04 0.000 045
2030年
生态发展
面积/km2 33 635.82 45 116.45 76.40 694.38 1 051.18 1 928.23 0.007
比例/% 40.77 54.68 0.09 0.84 1.27 2.34 0.000 009
2030年
自然发展
面积/km2 33 830.75 45 145.95 68.54 247.08 1 097.26 2 112.76 0.14
比例/% 41.01 54.72 0.08 0.30 1.33 2.56 0.000 166
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560629682766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2000—2030年重庆市土地利用类型变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 参数 耕地 林地 草地 灌木 水域 建设用地 荒地
2000年 面积/km2 38 707.06 41 288.15 194.24 977.74 809.77 525.69 0.01
比例/% 46.92 50.04 0.24 1.19 0.98 0.64 0.000 011
2005年 面积/km2 37 945.69 41 846.79 112.33 1023.91 927.81 646.12 0.01
比例/% 45.99 50.72 0.14 1.24 1.12 0.78 0.000 011
2010年 面积/km2 35 813.48 43 633.11 92.74 997.66 1 060.03 905.53 0.11
比例/% 43.41 52.89 0.11 1.21 1.28 1.10 0.000 136
2015年 面积/km2 36 821.02 42 715.13 92.72 420.31 1 123.41 1 329.92 0.15
比例/% 44.63 51.77 0.11 0.51 1.36 1.61 0.000 184
2020年 面积/km2 34 711.92 44 691.62 69.00 263.01 1 093.01 1 673.05 1.06
比例/% 42.07 54.17 0.08 0.32 1.32 2.03 0.001 288
2030年
城市发展
面积/km2 33 505.73 45 096.62 56.91 235.48 1 100.95 2 506.75 0.04
比例/% 40.61 54.66 0.07 0.29 1.33 3.04 0.000 045
2030年
生态发展
面积/km2 33 635.82 45 116.45 76.40 694.38 1 051.18 1 928.23 0.007
比例/% 40.77 54.68 0.09 0.84 1.27 2.34 0.000 009
2030年
自然发展
面积/km2 33 830.75 45 145.95 68.54 247.08 1 097.26 2 112.76 0.14
比例/% 41.01 54.72 0.08 0.30 1.33 2.56 0.000 166
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560763900508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Proportion of ecological security level in Chongqing from 2000 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生态安全等级 占比/%
2000年 2005年 2010年 2015年 2020年
不安全 1.88 2.02 2.45 2.75 3.33
相对不安全 14.36 12.97 13.39 12.17 14.79
一般安全 33.04 33.07 31.16 32.03 28.81
相对安全 20.03 19.78 20.92 18.68 21.59
安全 30.69 32.16 32.07 34.37 31.47
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560872952416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2000—2020年重庆市生态安全等级占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生态安全等级 占比/%
2000年 2005年 2010年 2015年 2020年
不安全 1.88 2.02 2.45 2.75 3.33
相对不安全 14.36 12.97 13.39 12.17 14.79
一般安全 33.04 33.07 31.16 32.03 28.81
相对安全 20.03 19.78 20.92 18.68 21.59
安全 30.69 32.16 32.07 34.37 31.47
), ArticleFig(id=1233422560982004328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Ecological security level of Chongqing in 2030

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 城市发展 生态发展 自然发展
不安全 6.38 3.92 3.73
相对不安全 8.37 6.20 6.59
一般安全 29.27 22.56 25.15
相对安全 10.74 28.46 35.52
安全 45.23 38.85 29.01
), ArticleFig(id=1233422561103639150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264261736321659, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

2030年重庆市生态安全等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 城市发展 生态发展 自然发展
不安全 6.38 3.92 3.73
相对不安全 8.37 6.20 6.59
一般安全 29.27 22.56 25.15
相对安全 10.74 28.46 35.52
安全 45.23 38.85 29.01
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山地城市生态安全评价及多情景格局预测:以重庆市为例
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沈祺林 , 牟凤云 * , 朱诗柔 , 朱智贤
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(6): 2627-2636
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(6): 2627-2636
山地城市生态安全评价及多情景格局预测:以重庆市为例
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沈祺林 , 牟凤云* , 朱诗柔, 朱智贤
作者信息
  • 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆 402260
  • 沈祺林(2000—),男,汉族,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生。研究方向:资源与环境。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 牟凤云(1979—),女,汉族,山东潍坊人,博士,教授。研究方向:韧性城市与智慧防灾减灾。E-mail:
Ecological Security Assessment and Multi-scenario Pattern Prediction of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Chongqing
Qi-lin SHEN , Feng-yun MOU* , Shi-rou ZHU, Zhi-xian ZHU
Affiliations
  • Smart City College, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 402260, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402280
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土地生态安全是土地资源持续利用的核心,由人类活动造成的土地利用变化改变生态系统结构与功能,对区域生态安全系统产生严重影响。为探究近年来重庆市及2030年生态安全变化情况,以重庆市为研究对象,采用PLUS(patch-level land use simulation)模型模拟2030年自然发展、生态优先、发展优先情景下土地利用变化。基于生态学角度构建生态安全评价指标体系,并结合突变模型定量评价土地生态安全水平。结果表明重庆市土地利用类型空间分布差异较大,耕地面积减少3 995.14 km2,建设用地面积增加1 147.36 km2,实现城市快速发展;2000—2020年重庆市生态安全处于一般安全等级以上面积占比呈增加-降低-增加-减少趋势,总体呈上升趋势。同时三种情景下处于在相对安全及以上占64.53%、67.31%、55.97%;重庆市生态安全空间格局与人口密度、GDP等空间格局相反,与植被覆盖、坡度等自然数据空间格局相符。通过对往年及不同情景下的土地利用变化情况进行生态评定,为生态及经济高质量协同发展提供依据。

土地利用  /  生态安全评价  /  多情景模拟  /  突变级数法

Land ecological security is the core of sustainable use of land resources, and land use changes caused by human activities change the structure and function of ecosystems, which have a serious impact on the regional ecological security system. In order to explore the changes in ecological security in Chongqing in recent years and in 2030, Chongqing was taken as the research object and PLUS (patch-level land use simulation) model was employed to simulate land use changes under the scenarios of natural development, ecological priority and development priority in 2030. Based on the ecological perspective, an ecological security evaluation index system was constructed, and the mutation model was combined to quantitatively evaluate the level of land ecological security. The results show that the spatial distribution of land use types in Chongqing is quite different, the cultivated land area decreased by 3 995.14 km2, and the construction land area increased by 1 147.36 km2, realizing rapid urban development. At the same time, 64.53%, 67.31% and 55.97% were relatively safe or above under the three scenarios. The spatial pattern of ecological security in Chongqing is opposite to the spatial pattern of population density and GDP, and consistent with the spatial pattern of natural data such as vegetation cover and slope. Through the ecological assessment of land use changes in previous years and under different scenarios, it provides a basis for high-quality coordinated development of ecology and economy.

land use  /  ecological safety assessment  /  multi-scenario simulation  /  mutational progressional method
沈祺林, 牟凤云, 朱诗柔, 朱智贤. 山地城市生态安全评价及多情景格局预测:以重庆市为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2627 -2636 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402280
Qi-lin SHEN, Feng-yun MOU, Shi-rou ZHU, Zhi-xian ZHU. Ecological Security Assessment and Multi-scenario Pattern Prediction of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Chongqing[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2627 -2636 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402280
随着城市化的快速推进,人类活动打破了受自然和人为因素综合影响下的土地利用结构相对稳定局面,导致土地利用格局处于失衡状态。从而产生环境污染、生物多样性减少等生态环境问题,导致生态系统的结构和功能严重失调[1-2]。为提升城市生态环境质量,确保生态保护持续进展,2021年重庆市政府发布《重庆市生态环境保护“十四五”规划》[3],明确了加快构建高质量发展的国土空间布局及自然资源要素支撑体系。因此当前研究重点转为降低土地利用变化产生的影响及优化区域生态安全模式[4]。分析土地利用变化及评估区域生态安全等级对重庆市可持续发展具有重要意义。
生态安全是人类在生产生活等方面不受生态破坏等影响的保障程度[5],随着城市化进程的不断推进,生态系统受到人类社会日益严重的威胁,保障生态安全已经成为人类社会可持续发展面临的新主题。生态安全评估是生态安全研究的核心,目前已经在城市、景观生态等不同尺度上[6-7]得到广泛的研究与应用。生态安全评价与分析方法也在多学科交叉研究中广泛运用,主要有地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)分析法[8]、主成分分析法[9]、突变理论法[10]和压力-状态-响应(pressure-state-response,PSR)模型法[11]等。但在确定权重方面具有较大的主观性,为此选用不需要计算各项指标权重的突变级数法[12]进行生态安全评价,该方法结合生态安全评价指标体系计算简单,可减少指标主观性。
土地利用(land-use and land-cover change,LUCC)是人类活动与自然环境相互作用的最直接表现,可以影响生态系统的结构与功能。为合理优化土地格局,学者基于不同目标构建多种预测模型,而土地利用变化常用模型主要有马尔科夫模型(Markov model)[13]、系统动力学模型[14]、元胞自动机[15]、FLUS(future land use simulation)模型[16]、PLUS(patch-level land use simulation)模型[17]等,常用于对未来土地利用进行数量及空间格局模拟。通过改变模型参数可实现不同发展情景预测。其中耦合模型如PLUS模型可结合空间及数量预测进行模拟预测土地利用的动态变化,可弥补马尔科夫模型无法分析空间上格局变化及元胞自动机模型会受到真实地理状况影响的缺点[18],能模拟多种土地利用类型的变化,对生态安全格局提升具有重要作用。
基于此,现将土地利用变化与生态安全评估结合,通过PLUS模型对重庆市2030年不同情景下土地利用数量及空间格局变化预测,分析2000—2030年重庆市土地利用时空格局。将综合指标体系与突变模型相结合构建生态安全评价指标体系,对2000—2020年及预测2030年不同情景下土地利用格局生态格局进行30 m高精度生态安全定量评估。以期为城市生态发展决策提供科学依据,促进重庆市生态文明建设。
重庆市位于四川盆地的东南边缘,处于四川盆地向盆周山地的过渡地带,地跨105°11'E~110°11'E、28°10'N~32°13'N(图1),重庆主城正位于云雾山、缙云山、中梁山、南温泉山、明月山等其他平行山岭间的向斜谷地中。是世界上唯一生长在平行岭谷中的大城市。而作为中国中西部唯一的直辖市。从2000—2020年,重庆市迅速发展,高度城市化带来巨大的人口涌入,2020年常住人口3 208.93万人,GDP达25 041.43亿元,辖26区12县,同时重庆地处长江上游和三峡库区腹心地带,是长江上游生态屏障的最后一道关口,对长江中下游地区生态安全承担着不可替代的作用,同时全市水土流失、石漠化、河流岸线过度开发、城镇开发建设活动挤占生态空间等问题依然存在。
本文使用的数据包括社会经济数据及遥感影像数据。其中土地利用数据来自武汉大学遥感信息工程学院遥感信息处理研究所,将数据分为耕地、林地、灌木、草地、水域、建设用地和未利用地7类;数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据为Aster GDEM数据;坡度数据为DEM数据提取获得;国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)数据和归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)来自中科院资源环境科学数据中心;其他数据社会经济数据来自重庆市及各区县统计年鉴。具体信息如表1所示。
本文研究运用高性能空间计算智能实验室提出的PLUS模型进行情景模拟,该模型集成土地扩张策略模块和基于多类随机板块种子的元胞自动机模型的。通过土地扩张驱动因素预测土地利用景观斑块级演化[19],通过提取两期土地利用间各类用地扩张的部分,采用随机森林算法对土地利用扩张和驱动力的因素进行挖掘,得到土地利用发展概率[20]。及各驱动因素对土地利用变化的影响[21]。再利用基于多类随机斑块种子的元胞自动机模型对重庆市2030年不同情景下的土地利用空间分布格局进行预测。
元胞自动机(cellular automata,CA)是一种时间、空间、状态都离散,空间相互作用和时间因果关系为局部的网格动力学模型,具有模拟复杂系统时空演化过程的能力。多类型随机种子机制的CA模型(CA based on multiple random patch seeds,CARS)对多种地类采用基于阈值下降的多类型随机板块种子机制,对局部土地利用进行模拟。其中转换矩阵表示土地利用类型是否允许转换。领域权重在不同的土地利用类型会产生不同的领域效应,反映了各地类在空间驱动因子影响下的扩张能力。
将土地利用数据导入PLUS模型,通过Markov模型预测2020年土地利用分布图,并与实际的2020年土地利用分布数据进行验证,得出Kappa系数值0.796 8,在0.7~1范围内,表明此次模拟效果较好,可以进行2030年重庆市土地利用变化模拟。
城市发展会因各种因素发生转变,在模拟未来土地利用变化时需考虑环境、政策等因素[22]。为研究重庆市未来土地利用变化情况,假设不同发展方向设置自然发展、生态保护优先、城市发展优先情景进行2030年土地利用模拟,分析未来重庆市发展下不同情景土地利用类型变化。
(1)自然发展情景,即按近10年土地利用变化规律和发展模式,不考虑政策影响及其他限制条件,默认Markov模型不变的情况下为自然发展情景,模拟在自然状态下的各土地类型分布。
(2)生态保护优先情景,即限制林地,水域利用类型转化为其他地类,将耕地、林地转向建设用地的转移概率减少30%,草地、灌木、水域向建设用地的转换概率减少20%,建设用地转向林地的概率提升20%,同时限制水域任意转换。注重对生态环境的保护。
(3)城市发展优先情景,重庆市各类土地利用类型转向建筑用地,优先保障城市发展。在设置邻域权重时,将耕地、林地、灌木、草地向建筑用地转换的概率增加20%,建设用地向除耕地外的其他土地利用类型转换概率减低30%。
通过Markov模型预测出2030年不同土地利用类型土地数量,但模型未考虑社会经济发展对土地利用的影响,故将预测数据作为自然发展情景下的土地利用数量预测,生态保护优先情景与城市扩张情景在自然发展情景的基础上对转换概率进行计算,根据李琛等[23]计算不同形式转换调整栅格数量,且保证区域栅格总数保持不变。在不同场景下通过调整参数改变空间转移矩阵及限制图层,限制目标地类转换。
综合评价指标体系的构建包括构建指标体系及分指标计算。参考生态学中“活力-组织力-恢复力-生态服务能力”逻辑架构,遵循科学性、区域性、独立性等原则确定重庆市生态安全评价指标体系。如表3所示,由于各项指标对生态安全等级有不同影响,根据变量数量采用不同类型突变模型进行指标集成。由于指标数值及属性数据存在多样性,易对结果产生影响,采用极差标准化对指标进行标准化处理,正向指标采用向量归一化方法,负向指标运用Python易极差标准化方法。
突变级数法是一种对评价目标进行多层次分解并实现定量评价的数学方法,通过数学模型对事物过程进行描述。理论基础是突变理论中的系统势函数f=f(x,u)[24],由反映系统行为变量$x=\left\{{x}_{i}\right\}$和影响系统行为变量$u=\left\{{u}_{i}\right\}$构成,联合求解得到系统的分歧点集方程,当u满足该方程时,系统状态发生突变。对目标进行多层次分解进行综合量化运算,最后进行归一化处理,从而对评价目标分析。常用公式如表4所示。
利用突变级数法进行评价[25]的步骤如下。
(1)构建有层次结构的评价指标并排序。当指标过多时,对指标进行降维处理。求解指标权重并排序。
(2)根据控制变量数量确定突变类型。
(3)对指标数据进行标准化处理,利用归一化公式逐级求解。将控制变量转化为状态变量,多个控制变量通过子指标相互关系确定最终取值,指标存在相互关联时取最小值。当变量间存在互补性时取平均值。
运用突变级数法对重庆市2000—2020年及2030年不同情景下土地利用数据进行生态安全等级评价。通过自然断点方法将生态安全评价分为不安全,相对不安全,一般安全,相对安全和安全5个级别。同时将2000—2020年及2030年预测生态等级标准以2020年生态安全等级为标准进行评价。其中景观指数由Fragstats软件中移动窗口法计算得出,生态安全等级通过ArcGIS Pro3.0软件中栅格计算器计算。同时获取2030年重庆市人口密度数据及GDP数据用于2030年重庆市生态安全评价。
从2000—2030年不同情景下的土地利用动态变化来看,2000—2030年耕地与林地所占面积超过40%,是重庆市主要土地利用类型。耕地区域主要集中分布在重庆市西部,该区域为四川平原与盆周山地的过渡带,地势平坦,适合种植,而林地区域主要集中在重庆东部,该区域为山地区域,地势陡峭。随着时间推移,耕地面积随时间呈下降趋势。草地、灌木面积所占比例逐渐减小,林地面积总体保持增长趋势,各研究年份逐步趋于稳定。随着经济的高速增长,建设用地面积快速增长,在2030年经济发展情景下的建设用地面积增长速度最快,达到49%。
表5可知,2000—2020年重庆市建筑用地面积占比由0.64%增加为2.03%,增加了1 147.36 km2,耕地面积减少较大,林地,草地等其他土地利用类型面积逐渐增加。通过对2030年3种情景土地利用类型变化可看出,城市发展和自然发展情景下的耕地、草地与灌木面积一定程度上减少,而生态发展下草地及灌木面积增加;而林地与建设用地面积占比持续增加,生态发展场景下林地增长幅度最高,城市发展情景下建设用地增长幅度最高;城市发展和自然发展情景下水域占比基本不变,而生态发展场景下水域面积减少;3种情景荒地占比都呈现减少状态,应是土地利用转化期间导致未利用地向其他土地利用类型转换。3种情景下耕地面积进一步减少,取而代之的是建设用地与林地的增加,与目前重庆市生态城市发展建设方针相同。
(1)自然发展情景。由图3可看出,2030年自然发展情景下土地利用格局与2020年基本一致,土地利用变化主要集中在重庆西部的耕地及林地区域,建设用地在各区县社会中心区域向外快速扩张,主要为耕地转化成建设用地,且主要集中在中心城区。而林地,草地区域面积基本不变且主要集中在东部地区。水域及未利用地面积基本不变。
(2)城市发展优先情景。2030年城市发展优先情景下建设用地扩张加剧,土地利用转变主要集中在中心城区原有建设用地周边,规模较大。研究区内建设用地向外扩张速度加快,增大了城市蔓延的态势,面积占总面积的3.04%,主要由耕地面积转化,少数由草地、灌木及未利用地转化;林地面积存在小幅增加,占54.66%;而水域面积基本保持不变。
(3)生态发展情景。2030年生态发展情景下由于林地、草地、灌木等受保护程度增加,林地、草地、灌木等具备生态保护功能的生态空间增大,建设用地扩张速度降低,面积占比为2.34%,略低于城市发展及自然发展情景,与2020年相比耕地面积呈现减少趋势,耕地区域转化为林地主要集中在重庆东部地区。而区域内较小的水系出现变化,水体整体面积出现小幅减少。
2000—2020年重庆市整体生态安全等级呈升高-减少-升高趋势,其中生态安全等级占比如表6所示。2000—2020年安全等级在相对安全等级以上占比逐渐增加,由为50.72%上升至53.06%。在2000—2010年由于三峡移民搬迁政策即将完成,大量工矿企业关闭搬迁,生态环境质量持续改善,森林覆盖率逐渐提升,在生态管制与规划下生态安全等级明显提高,生态安全评价等级较2000年逐渐升高。2018年,重庆成功申报第三批国家山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点,成为全国唯一在大城市进行的生态修复试点项目,真正实现山水林田湖草的系统治理,生态安全等级稳步提升。
由于重庆市为山地城市,地势起伏大且以山地为主。由图4可知,水体由于生态安全评价体系中景观变化程度低,社会经济数据等各项指标都处于较低水平导致生态安全等级较低,基本处于不安全和相对不安全等级。生态安全空间分布总体上西部地区状况不佳,而东部及南部地区状态良好。重庆市中心城区生态安全等级处于相对不安全的范围内,主要由于中心城区人口密度相对较大,经济发展、人口、土地利用等因素影响生态环境稳定,且耕地面积利用率提高导致生态环境建设难度增大。而重庆市巫溪县、城口县等其他自治县由于人口密度相对较小,经济发展较慢,目前处于安全等级。且该地区地处山区,绿化面积较大,植被覆盖率较高。而忠县、南川区、涪陵县等中心城区外区县生态安全水平处于中等水平,经济发展水平也处于重庆市中列。目前重庆市在经济保持较快增速的同时注重生态环境建设与环境保护工作,目前创建国家园林城市、森林城市等一系列措施不断加强生态环境建设。重庆市生态安全等级得到明显提升。
图5表7可以看出,2030年重庆市自然发展情景下,重庆市城市发展、生态发展及自然发展生态安全等级在相对安全及以上占55.97%、67.31%、64.53%,相比于2000—2020年生态安全格局均有所提高。在城市发展情景下虽然处于安全等级占比最高,但该情景下注重经济发展,建设用地面积增加50%,导致不安全和相对不安全等级分别占6.38%和8.37%。在自然发展情景下,处于相对安全和安全等级分别占35.52%和29.01%。在生态发展情景下,相对于另外两类情景,森林、灌木及草地占比更大,建设用地面积增长最小,生态安全最高。
从空间上看,三种情景下生态安全格局中处于不安全及相对不安全的区域均处于重庆市中心城区及其周边区域,且处于一般安全及以下等级的集中在重庆市西部及各区县城市区域。相对安全及以上等级集中在东部和南部,该区域特征是山地较多,森林覆盖率高,且受人类活动影响小。
重庆市的生态安全状况整体显示出逐渐改善的趋势,2000—2020年,建设用地面积快速增长的同时伴随着耕地面积的减少及林地等面积的增加,同时低生态安全的区域主要集中在主城区及其周边区域,随着城市的快速发展,重庆市经济发展重心位于中心城区,近年来建设用地扩张主要由重庆市中心城区向外扩张,其余区县逐步向外扩张,其中耕地转化为建设用地最多。
最近20年间,低生态安全等级区域集中在城市化水平和耕地利用较高区域,而周边林地资源丰富且处于山地区域的生态安全等级较高,而中度生态安全等级区域主要集中在人类活动影响程度较小的区县及周边地区。间接表明人类活动对重庆市生态安全影响大。因此对于山地城市来说,应继续坚持生态优先,绿色发展,实现人与自然和谐共生,优化土地生态系统结构,在经济发展同时注重生态保护,促进多样化发展,实现可持续发展。
不同发展下的土地利用结构对社会发展有重要影响,统筹区域经济发展和生态产品供给是面临的重大课题,随着推动“一区两群”协调发展、打造未来发展新优势的战略思路,需要对未来建设用地、耕地、林地等重要地类的变化进行相应模拟。基于多情景模拟下的土地利用类型可展现土地利用变化的动态过程,为区域变化提供重要参考。同时进行生态安全的精细化评定,结果可为维护生态平衡及改善城市周边生态环境提供参考,研究结果虽然可对区域生态安全情况进行较好的拟合,但仍存在些许不足:
(1)本次情景设置仅通过改变土地利用类型造成的情景变化进行研究,对于生态安全评价为对水源影响进行评判,缺少对于影响水源相关指标进行研究,以水源周边土地利用类型变化相关研究有待进一步研究。
(2)由于未来发展具有较多的不确定性,未来情景参数在计算时多采用平均值计算,计算结果存在些许误差。
(1)研究区土地利用类型空间分布差异较大,主要类型中的耕地和林地主要分布在西北部及东北部,其中高生态安全等级区域主要分布于巫溪、奉节、开州等林地资源丰富,生态保护压力小的区域。而低生态安全等级区域主要分布于城市化程度较高的中心城区及其周边区域。
(2)不同发展模式下土地利用变化整体分布格局变化较小,但局部变化差异明显,在自然发展情景及城市发展情景下的建设用地面积增长迅速,虽然耕地布局有所优化,但是城乡建设用地发展过快造成整体生态安全等级增长缓慢,仍存在较大的风险。生态发展模式下城市建设用地面积稳步上升,且耕地布局进一步优化,林地、草地、灌木等生态用地增加,生态安全等级提升迅速,生态功能提升,符合当前重庆市发展政策。
(3)2000—2020年区域生态安全水平总体状况稳步提升,安全等级分别为安全等级分别为50.72%、52.94%、52.99%、53.05%、52.06%。但是重庆市空间布局表明耕地及林地占主要部分,生态安全等级与耕地利用程度及城市化水平成正比。因此优化空间格局要在严格控制永久基本农田保护面积的基础上优化种植类型及耕地质量,保证耕地数量、质量、生态“三位一体”保护;提高森林生态系统稳定性,提升生态系统调节能力,对生态系统多样性进行保护,实现重庆市可持续发展。
  • 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(24YJAZH107)
  • 重庆市教委科学技术研究计划(KJZD-K202300707)
  • 国家自然科学基金(T2261129473)
  • 重庆交通大学研究生科研创新基金(2024S0160)
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2025年第25卷第6期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402280
  • 接收时间:2024-03-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-27
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-31
  • 修回日期:2024-12-11
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(24YJAZH107)
重庆市教委科学技术研究计划(KJZD-K202300707)
国家自然科学基金(T2261129473)
重庆交通大学研究生科研创新基金(2024S0160)
作者信息
    重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆 402260

通讯作者:

* 牟凤云(1979—),女,汉族,山东潍坊人,博士,教授。研究方向:韧性城市与智慧防灾减灾。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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