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Article(id=1156264259043582626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402696, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713024000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-14, revisedDate=1733932800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753604481707, onlineDateStr=2025-07-27, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753604481707, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753604481707, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753604481707, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156264148657886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='6', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='2636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753604455388, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771257443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2324, endPage=2331, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156264259475595942, articleId=1156264259043582626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Depositional Characteristics and Numerical Modeling of Fluvial Crevasse Fans:Taking the Dongyingzi Fan in the Liangcheng County of Inner Mongolia as an Example, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The sedimentary process and evolutionary model of crevasse fans are of great significance for predicting fluvial reservoirs and remaining oil potential. Taking the Dongyingzi fan in Liangcheng County as an example, based on satellite imaging and field geology, sedimentary features of Dongyingzi fan was analyzed. Using the SFM, the simulation gridding system, simulation parameters, and boundary conditions were designed to establish a numerical model of the crevasse fan. The plane distribution of sedimentary thickness, flow velocity and sand content at different numerical simulation stages were analyzed, as well as vertical sedimentary structure of the crevasse fan. The sedimentary model of crevasse fans was summarized to discuss its significance for Reservoir architecture. Research suggests that the crevasse fans consists of crevasse channels, composite proximal fans, and an distal fans. From a humid to an arid climate, the formation process of crevasse fans can be divided into four stages, which are river crevasse stage, proximal-fan forming stage, proximal-fan flourishing stage and diatal fan forming stage. As the flooding hydrodynamics decreases, crevasse channels, composite proximal fans and diatal fans are formed in sequence. The composite proximal and distal fans are sand-rich area, which are favorable types of sand bodies during the exploration. Crevasse channels are mud-rich area as the main type of interlayer. Composite proximal fans around the crevasse channels is the main site for residual oil enrichment in the later stage of hydrocarbon development.

, correspAuthors=Shan JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang ZHANG, Shan JIANG, Yang-yang QU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156264337930051755, articleId=1156264259043582626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=河流决口扇沉积特征和数值模拟:以内蒙古凉城县东营子扇为例, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

决口扇的发育过程和演化模式对河流相储层预测和剩余油挖潜具有重要意义。以内蒙古凉城县东营子扇为例,基于卫星影像和野外考察,分析东营子扇沉积特征。利用沉积数值模拟,设置了模拟网格、模拟参数和边界条件,建立了决口扇的数值模型,分析了不同数值模拟阶段决口扇的沉积厚度、河道流速、含砂率平面分布和垂向沉积结构,总结了决口扇的沉积模式、砂体类型和砂体分布。研究表明,东营子扇由决口水道、复合内扇和外扇组成。气候从湿润到干旱的演变过程中,河流决口扇的形成过程可以划分为河流决口期、内扇萌芽期、内扇繁盛期和外扇形成期4个阶段,随着洪水水动力由峰值下降,决口水道、复合内扇和外扇依次形成。复合内扇和外扇是砂岩富集带,是勘探期有利的砂体类型。决口水道是泥岩富集带,是主要的隔夹层类型,周缘的复合内扇是油气田开发后期剩余油富集的主要场所。

, correspAuthors=江山, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 江山(1979—),男,汉族,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授。研究方向:储层地质学。E-mail:。
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张洋(1987—),女,汉族,辽宁盘锦人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储层地质学。E-mail:。

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张洋(1987—),女,汉族,辽宁盘锦人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储层地质学。E-mail:。

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Parameter setting chart of sedimentary numerical modeling

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参数名称 模拟设定值
泛滥平原坡度/(°) 0.06~0.7
曲流河主河道水流流量/(m3·s-1) 0~1 000
河流下切深度/m 8
砂质沉积物干容重/(kg·m-3) 1 600
泥质沉积物干容重/(kg·m-3) 500
砂质沉积物粒度中值/μm 125
砂泥比 1∶1
重力加速度/(m2·s-1) 9.81
水体密度/(kg·m-3) 1 000
水平涡流黏度/(m2·s-1) 0.25
垂直涡流黏度/(m2·s-1) 0.001
模拟时长/d 14
模拟时间步长/s 20
地貌演化加速系数 50
网格单元大小/m 20×20
总网格数 30×40×8
), ArticleFig(id=1233422556296958891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264259043582626, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

沉积数值模拟参数设定表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 模拟设定值
泛滥平原坡度/(°) 0.06~0.7
曲流河主河道水流流量/(m3·s-1) 0~1 000
河流下切深度/m 8
砂质沉积物干容重/(kg·m-3) 1 600
泥质沉积物干容重/(kg·m-3) 500
砂质沉积物粒度中值/μm 125
砂泥比 1∶1
重力加速度/(m2·s-1) 9.81
水体密度/(kg·m-3) 1 000
水平涡流黏度/(m2·s-1) 0.25
垂直涡流黏度/(m2·s-1) 0.001
模拟时长/d 14
模拟时间步长/s 20
地貌演化加速系数 50
网格单元大小/m 20×20
总网格数 30×40×8
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河流决口扇沉积特征和数值模拟:以内蒙古凉城县东营子扇为例
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张洋 , 江山 * , 曲洋洋
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(6): 2324-2331
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(6): 2324-2331
河流决口扇沉积特征和数值模拟:以内蒙古凉城县东营子扇为例
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张洋 , 江山* , 曲洋洋
作者信息
  • 长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100

    • 张洋(1987—),女,汉族,辽宁盘锦人,硕士研究生。研究方向:储层地质学。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 江山(1979—),男,汉族,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授。研究方向:储层地质学。E-mail:。
Depositional Characteristics and Numerical Modeling of Fluvial Crevasse Fans:Taking the Dongyingzi Fan in the Liangcheng County of Inner Mongolia as an Example
Yang ZHANG , Shan JIANG* , Yang-yang QU
Affiliations
  • School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402696
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摘要
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决口扇的发育过程和演化模式对河流相储层预测和剩余油挖潜具有重要意义。以内蒙古凉城县东营子扇为例,基于卫星影像和野外考察,分析东营子扇沉积特征。利用沉积数值模拟,设置了模拟网格、模拟参数和边界条件,建立了决口扇的数值模型,分析了不同数值模拟阶段决口扇的沉积厚度、河道流速、含砂率平面分布和垂向沉积结构,总结了决口扇的沉积模式、砂体类型和砂体分布。研究表明,东营子扇由决口水道、复合内扇和外扇组成。气候从湿润到干旱的演变过程中,河流决口扇的形成过程可以划分为河流决口期、内扇萌芽期、内扇繁盛期和外扇形成期4个阶段,随着洪水水动力由峰值下降,决口水道、复合内扇和外扇依次形成。复合内扇和外扇是砂岩富集带,是勘探期有利的砂体类型。决口水道是泥岩富集带,是主要的隔夹层类型,周缘的复合内扇是油气田开发后期剩余油富集的主要场所。

曲流河  /  正演模拟  /  泛滥平原  /  储层表征  /  剩余油

The sedimentary process and evolutionary model of crevasse fans are of great significance for predicting fluvial reservoirs and remaining oil potential. Taking the Dongyingzi fan in Liangcheng County as an example, based on satellite imaging and field geology, sedimentary features of Dongyingzi fan was analyzed. Using the SFM, the simulation gridding system, simulation parameters, and boundary conditions were designed to establish a numerical model of the crevasse fan. The plane distribution of sedimentary thickness, flow velocity and sand content at different numerical simulation stages were analyzed, as well as vertical sedimentary structure of the crevasse fan. The sedimentary model of crevasse fans was summarized to discuss its significance for Reservoir architecture. Research suggests that the crevasse fans consists of crevasse channels, composite proximal fans, and an distal fans. From a humid to an arid climate, the formation process of crevasse fans can be divided into four stages, which are river crevasse stage, proximal-fan forming stage, proximal-fan flourishing stage and diatal fan forming stage. As the flooding hydrodynamics decreases, crevasse channels, composite proximal fans and diatal fans are formed in sequence. The composite proximal and distal fans are sand-rich area, which are favorable types of sand bodies during the exploration. Crevasse channels are mud-rich area as the main type of interlayer. Composite proximal fans around the crevasse channels is the main site for residual oil enrichment in the later stage of hydrocarbon development.

meandering river  /  forward modeling  /  flood plain  /  reservoir characterization  /  residual oil
张洋, 江山, 曲洋洋. 河流决口扇沉积特征和数值模拟:以内蒙古凉城县东营子扇为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2324 -2331 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402696
Yang ZHANG, Shan JIANG, Yang-yang QU. Depositional Characteristics and Numerical Modeling of Fluvial Crevasse Fans:Taking the Dongyingzi Fan in the Liangcheng County of Inner Mongolia as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2324 -2331 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402696
正文
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决口扇是指洪水期河流决口,河道中的泥沙流向泛滥平原并堆积形成的中细粒扇形沉积体系[1]。由于很难成为主力储层,中外学者在河流相储层的精细表征中很少对单一决口扇进行构型解剖,仅作为河流相的一类微相提及[2-3]。近年来,中外学者研究发现,与地层过渡型相关的河流相层序中,决口扇砂体可以为油气富集提供良好的次要储集层[4]。另外,决口扇作为相对孤立的砂体,是油田开发中后期剩余油富集和产能挖潜的有利场所,成为老油田增储上产的必由之路,如大庆油田扶余组、胜利油田馆陶组等[5-8]。因此,决口扇的发育过程和沉积模式的研究不仅有助于决口扇储层预测,其内部构型也对剩余油挖潜具有重要意义。
近年来,中外学者对河流决口扇演化过程的研究刚刚起步。高白水等[1]通过鄱阳湖地区信江府前村周边多个典型的决口扇的现代沉积特征,将决口扇的演化过程划分为早期、中期和晚期3个阶段,确定了现代决口扇的识别方法。胡晓红等[9]利用测井响应特征和地震属性切片,结合沉积物理模拟分析了明化镇组下段古决口扇的沉积演化过程。可见,决口扇的构型研究在沉积学界仍然是有待探索的未知领域,有必要了解其内在的沉积过程,包括流体流动、泥沙搬运、河床变化及其相互作用,对认知决口扇内部砂体和隔夹层分布具有很强的理论和实践意义。
传统的沉积学研究思路多基于沉积特征反推沉积过程,这种透过现象看本质的研究方法无法规避多解性[10-11]。近年来,卫星遥感图像、沉积物理模拟和数值模拟能够生成大量高分辨率的训练图像数据集[12-14]。中外学者积极探索先进的物理实验仪器和数值模拟软件,以更直观的方式展示复杂的水动力、泥沙输移和形态演化过程[15-17]。胡光明等[18-20]利用水槽实验还原其沟槽-低凸起-凹槽古地貌特征,开展旱扇和湿扇的沉积物理模拟对比实验,研究中-粗碎屑的分布和沉积体系的展布。甘泉[21]和Zhang等[22]结合Google Earth现代沉积分析,通过Delft3D沉积数值模拟,描述了河流心滩的形成、生长、迁移、侧向加积和垂向加积等的动态演化过程。汪新光等[23]运用Ansys Fluent软件正演模拟了峡谷水道不同沉积期次和砂组的沉积水动力学过程,预测了砂体的空间展布特征。可见,数值模拟方法在中外日趋成熟,基于泥沙水动力学的沉积过程数值模拟能够有效避免基于沉积物理模拟和现代沉积观测的沉积过程研究中存在的不足。
以东营子扇为例,现通过卫星影像和野外踏勘,总结东营子扇的沉积特征。运用Delft3D程序,结合实际设置模拟网格、模拟参数和边界条件,建立决口扇的数值模型,分析不同时期决口扇的沉积厚度、河道流速和含砂率的平面分布,分析决口扇的垂向沉积结构,总结决口扇的沉积模式,讨论油气勘探开发的意义,从而为储层沉积学家探索古决口扇的砂体空间分布建立更加精细的地质模型。
1 东营子扇沉积特征
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现代河流决口扇一般分布在曲流河的凹岸一侧,平面上呈扇状、条带状或树枝状,由内向外厚度减薄[24-26]。受河流地貌、能量和曲率等因素的影响,决口扇砂体规模差异较大[27-29]。岩性以细砂、粉砂和泥质粉砂岩为主,分选磨圆较差,多见波状交错层理和波状层理,纵向上为多期叠加的薄砂泥互层,单砂体厚度较薄,以复合韵律或反韵律为主,偶见正韵律,呈孤立的透镜状[30]。
弓坝河发源于内蒙古凉城县北水泉乡,流经北水泉、厂汉营、刘家窑、双古城、六苏木、厢黄地6个乡镇,注入岱海湖,总长50 km,属于季节性河流。卫星影像显示,弓坝河东营子段河道宽度为40~50 m,水体深度为8~10 m,两侧发育多个决口扇。东营子扇是面积最大且特征最为显著的大型决口扇,沉积厚度为2~5 m,总面积约0.25 km2(图1)。通过野外踏勘,总结了决口水道和扇体的沉积特征。
1.1 决口水道
决口水道是曲流河洪水期冲决天然堤并冲入泛滥平原的泄洪通道,呈树枝状分布,自曲流河决口点向泛滥平原方向逐渐分叉消失(图1)。东营子扇决口水道宽度为2~10 m,下切深度为1~2 m,如图2所示。部分决口水道废弃并被充填,泥质含量较高[图3(a)]。
1.2 扇体
决口扇的扇体可以划分为两部分,分别为内扇和外扇。内扇是位于扇体中部,与决口水道相间发育,沉积物粒度较粗,以细砂为主,分选较差。外扇是位于扇体远端内扇之外的部分,以悬浮沉积的粉砂为主,分选较好[图3(a)和图3(b)]。
外扇与内扇的植被特征明显不同,可以作为外扇和内扇的识别标志。由于分选不好,内扇表面以细砂为主,砂泥平面非均质性强,植被分布不均匀;外扇表面以粉砂为主,植被不发育[图3(a)和图3(b)]。
2 河流决口扇数值模拟
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2.1 模型介绍和模拟原理
Delft3D是世界一流的多模块水动力三维数值模拟程序,基于泥沙运输模型和地貌变化模型,可以用于研究河流水动力、沉积物搬运和地貌形态演变。在质量和能量守恒定律的约束下,充分融入水动力、泥沙运输和地貌变化循环过程,模拟水动力和地貌之间的动态反馈过程,流体运动和形态变化实时耦合,再现河流沉积过程[31]。Delft3D-Flow模块是陆源河流沉积过程模拟的核心程序集,在笛卡尔坐标系和正交网格的基础上,通过设置初始条件和边界条件,在二维或三维空间内运用有限差分法求解Navier-Stokes非线性方程组,主要包括连续性方程、动量方程、流体静压方程和运输方程等[21-22,31-32]。
2.2 模拟参数和边界条件
基于河流决口和决口扇演化过程的理论研究,以东营子扇沉积体系为类比对象,设置初始条件、模拟参数和边界条件,在确保模拟可行性的前提下提高结果的可靠性[19]。
季节性河流经历了长期的下切、侵蚀和沉积作用后,稳定的堤岸已基本形成,与周缘的泛滥平原形成地势高程差。由于洪水期河流水动力骤增,水位上涨,天然堤被激流冲垮决堤,低洼处形成决口扇。为了保障数值计算的收敛性、精确性和运行时长,将模型边界设置成规则的矩形,确保网格的正交性[20-21]。
由于决口水道是决口扇的主要研究对象,为了展现单一决口水道的沉积过程,通过测量现代决口水道的宽度和深度,将平面网格大小设置为20 m×20 m,模拟区域总面积为0.48 km2,平面总网格数为1 200个;将垂向网格大小设置为1 m,每一单元平面网格纵向上有8个垂向网格,基准面以上可观测最大沉积厚度为8 m(图4)。结合东营子扇的地貌特征,从主河道至泛滥平原,将地形坡度设置为0.06°~0.7°,弓坝河东营子段主河道的最大下切深度为8 m,宽度为50 m,平均曲率约1.3(图5)。
结合《中国泥沙公报》公布的河流流量和泥沙通量数据,考虑到洪水期是决口扇主要的形成时期,将曲流河主河道洪水期流量设置为1 000 m3/s。由于曲流河以细砂和泥为主,且砂泥比中等-低,故将非黏滞性沉积物的粒度中值设为0.125 mm,砂泥比值为0.5。地貌演化加速系数既可减少模拟时间,也起到协调水动力和地貌演化之间的数值关系[21-22]。由于决口扇发育过程迅速,可以视为事件沉积,同时为了提高模拟速度,经过多次实验将地貌演化加速系数设置为50,模拟步长设置为20 s,平均模拟时长为14 d。详细参数如表1所示。
2.3 模拟结果
通过观测100次随机模拟实验并进行数据采集处理,本次研究重现了曲流河从决口水道触发到决口扇形成的完整演化过程,分析了不同阶段决口扇的沉积厚度、河道流速和含砂率的平面分布,并分析了决口扇的垂向沉积结构(图6~图8)。
模拟结果表明,决口扇长度约400 m,宽度约300 m,总面积约0.12 km2,沉积厚度为2~4 m,平面上呈叶片状,特征与东营子扇基本吻合[32-34]。
以第137步为例,曲流河主河道流量大、流速高,洪水逐渐突破堤岸,决口水道根部初步形成且水动力增强(曲流河主河道流速大于2 m/s,决口水道流速为1.5~2 m/s),分叉较多。决口水道下切深度较小,规模较小,下切深度约1.5 m,延伸距离约200 m,平均宽度约20 m;含砂率与堤岸没有明显差异,说明沉积物暂未堆积。此时,未见明显的扇状沉积体形成。
以第256步为例,洪水彻底突破堤岸,决口水道远端不断推进并分叉,呈树枝状,水动力逐渐增强,根部水动力大于远端水动力(根部流速大于1.5~2 m/s,远端流速约1 m/s),下切深度增加(约2 m),延伸距离约400 m,平均宽度约40 m;含砂率较低指示沉积物暂未沉积。远端朵叶状沉积体(内扇)开始形成,受不同的单一决口水道控制,面积约0.08 km2,且含砂率较高。
以第369步为例,部分决口水道继续延伸分叉,而个别决口水道水动力开始减弱(流速约1 m/s),下切深度、延伸距离和含砂率与第256步相近;内扇继续扩大,面积增加不明显。
以第513步为例,几乎全部的决口水道流速为0 m/s,内部沉积厚度约10 m,与周边的扇体厚度基本一致;含砂率较低,指示泥质含量较高。此时,内扇面积未发生变化,外围堆积了席状的扇状沉积体(外扇),沉积厚度和含砂率较内扇偏低,决口水道始终未波及外扇。
从横剖面上看,扇体中间厚、两边薄,决口水道不同程度的切入内扇,下切深度为1~2 m,部分决口水道切穿扇体,外扇不受决口水道下切侵蚀。从纵剖面上看,自曲流河主河道至泛滥平原,决口扇的厚度逐渐增加,决口水道数量减少,下切深度减小,外扇不发育决口水道(图9)。
3 河流决口扇沉积模式
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气候从湿润到干旱的演变过程中,河流决口扇的形成过程可以划分为河流决口期、内扇萌芽期、内扇繁盛期和外扇形成期4个阶段(图10)。随着洪水水动力由峰值下降,决口水道、内扇和外扇依次形成。
河流决口期,气候开始湿润,降水量增加,曲流河道洪水开始泛滥,河道天然堤开始崩溃,决口水道的根部开始形成而未突破天然堤。此时,决口水道延伸短、宽度窄、水位浅,下切程度较低,决口扇的扇体还未形成。
内扇萌芽期,气候持续湿润,洪水能量持续增强。决口水道不断推进并分叉,呈树枝状,水动力逐渐增强,下切程度增加,朵叶状内扇开始生长。泛滥平原的高可容纳空间开始被漫出水道的沉积物在低洼处充填。不同决口水道控制的扇体平面叠加形成复合内扇。
内扇繁盛期,气候由湿润开始向干旱转化,洪水能量达到峰值。决口水道继续推进延伸,复合扇不断生长扩大。然而,部分决口水道因水动力减弱而趋于废弃,水道内部被泥质充填,单一内扇生长速率减小。此时复合内扇的面积达到最大,可容纳空间进一步减小。
外扇形成期,气候持续干旱,降水量减小,洪水能量持续减弱。决口水道失去活动性并全部废弃,水道内部被泥质充填。水道末端沉积物停止搬运并沉积,环绕多期内扇形成席状外扇,决口扇停止发育。
4 储层砂体类型和分布
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决口扇由决口水道、复合内扇和外扇组成,内扇繁盛期和外扇形成期是片状薄砂体的主要形成期,复合内扇和外扇是砂岩富集带,决口水道是泥岩富集带,形成“带砂条泥”的岩性平面分布特征。从油气勘探的角度而言,决口扇的有利储层砂体类型是复合内扇和外扇,内扇砂岩百分含量较高但平面非均质性较强,外扇砂岩百分含量较低但平面非均质性较弱。从油气开发的角度而言,决口水道泥质含量高,复合内扇的片状砂体被决口水道泥质条带分割,决口水道是主要的隔夹层类型,其周缘的复合内扇是油气田开发后期剩余油富集的主要场所之一。另外,与泛滥平原泥相接的外扇砂边缘也是有利的剩余油富集带(图11)。
5 结论
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通过对东营子扇的现代沉积特征和沉积数值模拟的分析,明确了河流决口扇的沉积特征、动态演化过程、沉积模式和砂体分布,得出以下结论。
(1)东营子扇由决口水道、(复合)内扇和外扇组成。决口水道平面上呈树枝状分布,部分决口水道废弃并被充填,泥质含量高。内扇以细砂为主而砂泥平面非均质性强,外扇以粉砂为主而分选较好,导致外扇与内扇的植被分布特征不同。沉积数值模拟结果与现代沉积特征高度吻合。
(2)气候从湿润到干旱的演变过程中,河流决口扇的形成过程可以划分为河流决口期、内扇萌芽期、内扇繁盛期和外扇形成期4个阶段,随着洪水水动力由峰值下降,可容纳空间逐渐减小,决口水道、(复合)内扇和外扇依次形成。内扇繁盛期和外扇形成期是片状薄砂体的主要形成期。
(3)勘探阶段,内扇和外扇是砂岩富集带,是有利的砂体类型,与外扇相比,内扇砂岩百分含量较高但平面非均质性较强。开发阶段,决口水道是泥岩富集带,是主要的隔夹层类型,周缘的复合内扇是油气田开发后期剩余油富集的主要场所。
基金
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  • 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室基金(G5800-18-ZS-KFGY004)
文献
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2025年第25卷第6期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402696
  • 接收时间：2024-04-14
  • 首发时间：2025-07-27
  • 出版时间：2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-14
  • 修回日期：2024-12-12
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页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室基金(G5800-18-ZS-KFGY004)
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    长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100

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* 江山(1979—),男,汉族,湖北宜昌人,博士,教授。研究方向:储层地质学。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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