Article(id=1156264152013329322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716912000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-29, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753604456189, onlineDateStr=2025-07-27, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753604456189, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753604456189, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753604456189, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156264148657886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='6', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='2636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753604455388, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771257443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2207, endPage=2217, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156264152508257199, articleId=1156264152013329322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Review of Grouting Repair Effectiveness Evaluation for Internal Diseases in Asphalt Pavement, columnId=1156264152424371118, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Surveies·Chemical Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

There are various evaluation methods for the effectiveness of asphalt pavement grouting repair, most of which rely on on-site testing of a single indicator. Up to now, there are few related reports in the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators. In order to comprehensively understand the detection methods of asphalt pavement grouting repair effect and promote the development and application from single index evaluation to multi index evaluation methods, the research status of relative methods were summarized including drilling core method, grouting plug gauge method, deflection detection method, modulus inverse algorithm, ground penetrating radar method, and transient Rayleigh surface wave method in the detection of grouting filling quality, pavement strength, pavement modulus, compaction degree, void ratio, and grouting repair degree and other indicators. Furthermore, drawing on the current research status in the fields of tunnel grouting and goaf grouting, the application prospects of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, grey correlation degree method were analyzed, as well as subjective and objective weighting cloud model in the evaluation of grouting repair effect of internal diseases in asphalt pavement, and looks forward to the development trend of precision, objectivity, and informatization in the evaluation of grouting repair effect of asphalt pavement were forecasted. Diversified method guidance is provided for evaluating the grouting repair effect of internal diseases in asphalt pavement.

, correspAuthors=Peng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kun DONG, Bo-ri CONG, Shu-ning ZHAO, Rui FU, Peng LI, Jun-jie WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156264180496846888, articleId=1156264152013329322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价综述, columnId=1156264152575366064, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=综述·化学工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

沥青路面注浆修复效果的评价方法多种多样,但大多依赖单一指标的现场检测,多指标综合评价方面则鲜见相关报道。为全面了解沥青路面注浆修复效果检测方法,促进单指标评价向多指标评价方法的发展和应用,分别综述了钻孔取芯法、注浆塞尺法、弯沉检测法、模量反算法、探地雷达法和瞬态瑞雷面波法在注浆填充质量、路面强度、路面模量、压实度、空隙率以及注浆修复程度等指标检测中的研究与应用;进而借鉴隧道注浆、采空区注浆等领域研究现状,分析了模糊层次分析法、灰色关联度法、主客观赋权云模型在沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价中的应用前景,展望了沥青路面注浆修复效果评价精确化、客观化和信息化的发展趋势。为沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价提供多元的方法指导。

, correspAuthors=李鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李鹏(1989—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路固废再生材料研发与应用体系。E-mail:
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董坤(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路沥青路面注浆修复效果评价。E-mail:

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董坤(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路沥青路面注浆修复效果评价。E-mail:

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董坤(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路沥青路面注浆修复效果评价。E-mail:

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caption=关联度计算步骤, figureFileSmall=GeEy1SB8IEC/OJ4P9WSmkw==, figureFileBig=kn0VADOALSHI8U3eKUBidw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422557467177423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264152013329322, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Corresponding detection indicators for various detection technologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测形式 检测方法 检测指标
有损检测 钻孔取芯法 芯样完整性
注浆填充效率
抗压强度
抗劈裂强度
注浆塞尺法 裂缝填充率
无损检测 弯沉检测法 弯沉值
弯沉盆
路面结构强度指数
道路模量发算法 面层模量
基层模量
土基模量
探地雷达法 图谱分析
压实度
空隙率
瞬态瑞雷面波法 压实度
), ArticleFig(id=1233422557626560987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264152013329322, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各项检测技术对应检测指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测形式 检测方法 检测指标
有损检测 钻孔取芯法 芯样完整性
注浆填充效率
抗压强度
抗劈裂强度
注浆塞尺法 裂缝填充率
无损检测 弯沉检测法 弯沉值
弯沉盆
路面结构强度指数
道路模量发算法 面层模量
基层模量
土基模量
探地雷达法 图谱分析
压实度
空隙率
瞬态瑞雷面波法 压实度
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沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价综述
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董坤 1 , 丛波日 2, 3 , 赵书凝 1 , 傅锐 4 , 李鹏 1, * , 王俊杰 1
科学技术与工程 | 综述·化学工业 2025,25(6): 2207-2217
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科学技术与工程 | 综述·化学工业 2025, 25(6): 2207-2217
沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价综述
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董坤1 , 丛波日2, 3, 赵书凝1, 傅锐4, 李鹏1, * , 王俊杰1
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学工程学院, 青岛 266100
  • 2 山东省高速公路技术和安全评估重点实验室, 济南 271299
  • 3 山东高速集团有限公司创新研究院, 济南 250000
  • 4 山东省路桥集团有限公司, 济南 271502
  • 董坤(1987—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路沥青路面注浆修复效果评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李鹏(1989—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路固废再生材料研发与应用体系。E-mail:
Review of Grouting Repair Effectiveness Evaluation for Internal Diseases in Asphalt Pavement
Kun DONG1 , Bo-ri CONG2, 3, Shu-ning ZHAO1, Rui FU4, Peng LI1, * , Jun-jie WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2 Shandong Key Laboratory of Highway Technology and Safety Assessment, Ji’nan 271299, China
  • 3 Shandong Hi-speed Group Co., Ltd., Innovation Research Institute, Ji’nan 250000, China
  • 4 Shandong Road and Bridge Group Co., Ltd., Ji’nan 271502, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404005
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沥青路面注浆修复效果的评价方法多种多样,但大多依赖单一指标的现场检测,多指标综合评价方面则鲜见相关报道。为全面了解沥青路面注浆修复效果检测方法,促进单指标评价向多指标评价方法的发展和应用,分别综述了钻孔取芯法、注浆塞尺法、弯沉检测法、模量反算法、探地雷达法和瞬态瑞雷面波法在注浆填充质量、路面强度、路面模量、压实度、空隙率以及注浆修复程度等指标检测中的研究与应用;进而借鉴隧道注浆、采空区注浆等领域研究现状,分析了模糊层次分析法、灰色关联度法、主客观赋权云模型在沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价中的应用前景,展望了沥青路面注浆修复效果评价精确化、客观化和信息化的发展趋势。为沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价提供多元的方法指导。

沥青路面  /  注浆修复效果  /  指标检测  /  评价模型  /  多指标综合评判

There are various evaluation methods for the effectiveness of asphalt pavement grouting repair, most of which rely on on-site testing of a single indicator. Up to now, there are few related reports in the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators. In order to comprehensively understand the detection methods of asphalt pavement grouting repair effect and promote the development and application from single index evaluation to multi index evaluation methods, the research status of relative methods were summarized including drilling core method, grouting plug gauge method, deflection detection method, modulus inverse algorithm, ground penetrating radar method, and transient Rayleigh surface wave method in the detection of grouting filling quality, pavement strength, pavement modulus, compaction degree, void ratio, and grouting repair degree and other indicators. Furthermore, drawing on the current research status in the fields of tunnel grouting and goaf grouting, the application prospects of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, grey correlation degree method were analyzed, as well as subjective and objective weighting cloud model in the evaluation of grouting repair effect of internal diseases in asphalt pavement, and looks forward to the development trend of precision, objectivity, and informatization in the evaluation of grouting repair effect of asphalt pavement were forecasted. Diversified method guidance is provided for evaluating the grouting repair effect of internal diseases in asphalt pavement.

asphalt pavement  /  grouting repair effect  /  metric detection  /  evaluation model  /  multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation
董坤, 丛波日, 赵书凝, 傅锐, 李鹏, 王俊杰. 沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价综述. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2207 -2217 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404005
Kun DONG, Bo-ri CONG, Shu-ning ZHAO, Rui FU, Peng LI, Jun-jie WANG. Review of Grouting Repair Effectiveness Evaluation for Internal Diseases in Asphalt Pavement[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (6) : 2207 -2217 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404005
随着“交通强国”上升为国家战略,中国公路建设发展迅猛。截至2022年底,全国公路总里程达到535×104 km左右,其中高速公路17.7×104 km。高速公路的快速发展为中国人民带来了极大的便利[1]。由于沥青路面具有平整度好、行车舒适和噪声小等优点,中国大多数高速公路采用了这种路面形式[2]。然而,随着全国公路覆盖范围日趋广泛,某些路段在施工质量、交通量、运营期荷载以及建成运营时间等因素的影响下,开始爆发多种道路病害,如基层脱空、空洞、疏松及压实度不足等,严重影响了公路的行车舒适、服役寿命与国民的人身安全[3]
注浆修复技术作为一项实用性极强的技术被广泛运用于高速公路沥青路面病害修复的实际工程中。该技术在道路病害修复中具有重大意义,不仅实现了高速公路非开挖快速加固,而且节约了资源,提高了施工效率[4]。随着注浆修复技术的广泛应用,修复效果的有效评价方法受到越来越多的重视。近年来,中外许多学者基于不同理论和方法提出了多种注浆修复无损检测手段,如弯沉检测、探地雷达检测等,这些方法既可用于高速公路沥青路面病害的快速检测,也同样适用于注浆修复后道路性能的检测[5]。但是注浆工程本身和其修复效果评价是一个多维度、多因素交织的复杂系统工程,并非简单地依赖于单一指标或参数的衡量,而是需要综合考虑多种因素与指标的协同作用。目前,基于层次模糊分析、灰色关联度和云评价等方法的多指标注浆效果综合评判法多应用于采空区注浆、煤层底板注浆、隧道帷幕注浆等[6-9],沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果的评价在实际施工中的应用要滞后很多,仍处于目前的薄弱环节。
因此,首先对现有的检测评价方法进行综述,主要包括钻孔取芯法、注浆塞尺法、弯沉检测法、模量反算法、探地雷达法和瞬态瑞雷面波法,这些方法大多通过检测路面一个或两个路面的性能指标(如路面强度、模量、压实度和空隙率等)来评价注浆修复效果;随后,借鉴了隧道注浆、采空区注浆等领域内注浆修复评价手段,分析了层次模糊分析法、灰色关联度法、云模型法在沥青路面注浆修复效果评价方面的应用前景,以期为沥青道路的养护和修复效率提供参考和指导。
随着注浆技术的广泛应用,注浆效果检测技术也随之日益完善。不同的检测方法可以检测注浆修复后道路不同的性能指标,既包括强度、变形和模量等力学性能指标,也包括表观质量、密实度和空隙率等物理指标。根据这些指标的实测数据可以对注浆工程做出较为客观的评价。根据检测方法的检测形式,大体上可将其分为有损检测和无损检测。各项检测技术以及对应的检测指标总结如表1所示。
钻孔取芯法是目前公路注浆修复施工验收时最为常用的方法,也是最直观有效的注浆效果评价手段。其通过钻孔取芯机取得道路芯样,通过观察芯样填充效果、检测芯样强度,对注浆修复后道路的力学性能进行评价。芯样填充效果图如图1所示[10]
在实际工程中,马磊[11]对存在层间脱空以及裂缝等病害的高速路段进行高聚物注浆修复,修复后通过钻孔取芯观察路面基层芯样的完整性,发现层间脱空区域与裂缝区域已充满注浆材料,达到预期修复目的。祝争艳等[12]针对注浆修补裂缝进行取芯,对注浆修复后的芯样分别进行附着力拉拔强度、复合件拉拔强度、劈裂抗拉强度检测,由试验结果得出,高性能聚合物注浆材料具有较好的修补粘结水稳基层裂缝的效果。Lu等[13]在注浆地进行了岩心钻孔,对岩样进行了检查,结果表明:注浆后,岩体平均强度达到3 MPa,有效提高了其稳定性和安全性。由此可见,钻孔取芯法可通过观察芯样外观和检测力学性能来反映修复效果。徐永丽[14]将钻孔取芯法分为现场外观检查和室内物理试验两部分,提出了一套完整的芯样评价指标体系,具体流程如图2所示。
注浆塞尺法是一种直接、简单的测量方法,通过使用塞尺工具,可以直观地了解注浆后裂缝或间隙的宽度情况,主要用于评估注浆后裂缝或结构间隙的宽度,从而判断其注浆效果。这种方法在注浆工程中广泛应用,特别是在需要对注浆效果进行快速评估的场合。
注浆塞尺检测的原理是利用塞尺的尺片之间的可移动性,通过调节尺片之间的距离来适应不同宽度的裂缝或间隙。在测量时,将塞尺的一端与裂缝或间隙的一端对齐,然后用另一端对准另一端,确保塞尺与裂缝或间隙平行且紧密接触。通过读取尺片之间的距离,即可得到裂缝或间隙的宽度值。周健楠[15]利用塞尺进行检测,结果表明,注浆后的塞尺深度明显小于注浆前,裂缝得到了一定的填充,裂缝两侧得到了明显的提升。由此可见,塞尺检测可以作为注浆效果的评价指标。
有损检测法一般需要对路面进行破坏性试验,难以在运营期的公路中进行大规模应用。因此,无损探测技术应运而生,其可以在不破坏路面结构的情况下有效评估道路路面状态和性能[16-18]
近年来,无损检测技术有了很大的发展,许多无损检测方法被应用于道路状况评估中。诸如弯沉检测法、探地雷达法(ground penetrating rada,GPR)、道路模量反算法、瞬态瑞雷面波法等都是目前常见的注浆效果检测方法。这些方法具有一些共同的优点,如检测设备的高便携性和检测过程的快速性。因此,无损检测方法快速受到研究人员和工程师的青睐,在评估道路性能指标方面越来越受欢迎[19]
在无损检测中,对路面进行加载,而后进行挠度响应测量的弯沉检测技术是目前极为有效并广泛应用的方法。同时,在沥青路面注浆修复效果检测中,弯沉值也是非常重要的一项检验指标,弯沉值不仅可以体现路面的力学性能,如结构层的刚度和强度、路面结构承载力等,而且也与路面的使用性能存在一定的联系。因此,弯沉试验在注浆修复效果评价中具有极其重要的作用[20]
贝克曼梁法(Benkelman beam method,BB)是一种传统的静态弯沉检测方法,虽然检测速度慢,但技术比较成熟,是目前标准的弯沉测试方法,所用仪器为贝克曼梁弯沉仪。程俊夕等[21]在注浆工作完成三天后利用贝克曼梁法对注浆效果进行检测,根据规范要求,弯沉值小于0.2 mm,则可认为混凝土面板未发生脱空现象。但由于该方法的工作效率低受人为因素影响较大等问题,目前较多地应用于低等级公路的施工、日常养护及旧路评价的检测。
而落锤弯沉法(falling weight deflectormeter,FWD)则是通过自由落下的重锤在路面上施加动态荷载,通过记录每个路面层受到冲击荷载时的响应值,自动测定弯沉值,属于动态弯沉。该方法被认为是一种极其有效的无损检测方法,在国际上被广泛应用。马建等[22]提出了一种可以快速精准检测路面回弹弯沉、动弯沉的检测装置,该装置基于激光技术,实现了弯沉值的快速检测。但动态弯沉数据并不能直接应用到路面承载能力的评价中,使用时需要借助贝克曼梁法进行标定换算,刘忠根等[23]分析并建立了静态弯沉与动态弯沉之间的关系,该换算关系可直接应用于实际工程。FWD弯沉测试示意图[24]图3所示。
王复明等[25]在落锤式弯沉仪检测的基础上,建立了针对半刚性基层路面的弯沉盆指数评价方法。吴小恋[26]基于室内试验、弯沉盆等效原理、动态模量阈值确定,建立了根据当量模量标准值和当量模量衰减值两者比值同阈值比较大小关系,对沥青路面结构承载力强弱进行评价的方法,该评价方法实现了利用FWD快速检测沥青路面承载力。林有贵等[27]利用FWD弯沉检测法对沥青路面注浆后的路面强度进行评价,注浆补强后路表弯沉显著降低,路面结构强度显著提高,加固效果良好。Xiao等[28]根据弯沉盆检测数据对路面结构性能进行评价,填补了现有规范只考虑功能性能,很少涉及基层结构性能的内容空白。
综上所述, 弯沉检测法是目前道路检测中不可或缺的检测方法,其检测技术和检测装置在不断地发展更新。同时,通过对弯沉值进行分析,可以获得注浆修复后路面结构强度、路面承载力等注浆修复效果评价指标的相关信息,弯沉值仍是目前高速公路病害检测及高速公路沥青路面注浆修复效果检测中非常重要的评价指标。
在沥青路面运营阶段,尽管区域气候条件、交通流量负荷以及路面构造特征的获取相对便捷,但深入掌握路面材料的特性信息则面临较大挑战。为了应对这一难题,当前中外广泛采用的一种高效手段是利用FWD弯沉检测来采集路面在受力下的弯沉盆数据。随后,基于这些详尽的弯沉盆数据,通过反演分析方法,较为准确地推算出路面材料的模量参数,从而为路面性能评估与维护决策提供科学依据[29]。陈光伟等[30]基于FWD弯沉盆参数,建立路面结构三维动力有限元模型,在此基础上对既有路面耐久性进行了评估。在模量反算方法上,可大体划分为传统算法与智能算法两大类[31]
传统算法技术依赖于几种核心方法,包括回归分析[32]、迭代求解及数据库检索法[33],这些方法均展现出对既定问题与条件的高度明确性。其共通之处在于它们拥有既定的算法框架与参数配置,这种固定性为从计算复杂度与收敛特性两个维度进行深入的理论分析铺设了坚实基础,使得理论探讨更为严谨与可行。但无论是回归分析中的模型拟合、迭代求解中的重复计算过程,还是数据库检索策略中的大规模数据遍历,这些传统算法在处理复杂或大规模数据时,往往面临较高的计算复杂度和较低的效率。这可能导致算法在实际应用中响应时间较长,难以满足实时性要求。
智能算法,则是指利用神经网络法和智能群体算法反算道路模量,随着计算机计算速度与计算能力不断提升,智能算法成为模量反算领域的关键技术[34-35]。居政[36]在原有数据库检索传统算法的基础上,利用穷举法提高模量反算的精确性。杨国良[37]通过反向传播神经网络分析路面弯沉盆与沥青路面基层参数的数据库,建立起沥青路面基层弹性模量预测模型。Fakhri等[38]提出了一种实用的道路评价方案,该方案利用人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANN)和回归模型,建立了弯沉与路面性能之间的关系。Fileccia等[39]提出的基于蚁群优化算法的路面层属性反演算法,该模型具有强大的全局搜索能力。巩金芝[40]萤火虫算法进行了优化与革新,通过融入多样化的策略机制,旨在增强搜索过程的效率并有效缓解算法早期收敛的问题,从而实现了模量反演精度的显著提升。
在道路性能评估与注浆效果评价领域,模量反算展现出了更为广阔的发展前景与显著的应用价值。随着神经网络技术的飞速进步,特别是遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)与反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network,BP)以及粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)与BP神经网络的结合应用,在处理复杂的非线性问题上展现出了前所未有的能力。这一技术革新极大地拓宽了路面材料性能反算的边界,预示着模量反算的精确性存在着巨大的提升空间,为实现更加精准的道路性能评估与注浆效果评价提供了强有力的技术支持。
探地雷达(GPR)是一种非破坏性物理方法,因其操作成本低、省时、非侵入性和低劳动力而被广泛应用于基础设施评估,尤其是道路路面性能检测。其工作原理是在地下一定深度内如果存在有空洞或该处注浆体充填率小于周围的土体的充填率,由地质雷达天线在地表向地下发射的高频电磁波就会被反射回地表,根据介质中电磁波传播速度和接收的反射信号,便可确定地下空洞的位置和深度。图4所示为探地雷达工作原理。通过探地雷达图谱分析可以对注浆效果的优劣进行评价[41]
符艳[42]通过GPR物探扫描得到的注浆后道路内部雷达图,发现电介质对比度越大,反射幅度越高,因此脱空位置往往会出现非常复杂的波形,修复后同一位置会出现较大的变动,这是因为脱空处被注浆材料所修复。所以可以通过对比注浆前后雷达图,对高速公路的注浆效果进行评价。Zhu等[43]通过雷达模拟与实测相结合,分析了灌浆前后的时频域信号特征。基于数据敏感性,选取13个时频域信号特征作为分级评价指标。依托工程实例,建立了路面基层裂缝注浆处理效果的分级评价方法。Zhao等[44]基于GPR和FWD的基础模型对路面疲劳应力进行分析,提出了一种基于探地雷达法和FWD方法的路面内部强度和损伤状况的评价体系。与传统的基于室内试验和路面观测的评价方法相比,Zhao等[44]所提出的基于路面疲劳应力的评价方法显著提高了注浆效果评价的准确性。同时,为高速公路注浆效果评价提供了一种新的方法和思路。
近年来,随着探地雷达的发展,探地雷达在沥青路面的检测,已不仅仅局限于对图谱特征的分析,通过建立混合料的介电常数与空隙率、压实度之间的数学关系模型,探地雷达可以实现沥青路面均匀性检测[45]。Georgiou等[46]开发了一种基于探地雷达(GPR)的优化方法来准确评估热混合沥青(hot mixture asphalt,HMA)路面表层的压实度。该方法可以快速准确地检测沥青混合料的空隙率、均匀度等指标,进而可间接推断注浆修复后道路的结构性能。
综上所论,探地雷达技术在道路检测领域内已实现了广泛的实践与应用研究。然而,该技术在标准图谱库建设、以及图像识别效能与精确度的提升方面,尚存若干待改进之处。鉴于计算机技术的持续演进,人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)和计算机视觉(computer vision,CV)技术的不断发展,基于深度学习的GPR图像自动检测的尝试也越来越多,未来将实现人工神经网络(ANN)与深度学习算法在探地雷达图像处理中的结合,力求捕获更全面详尽、高精度的病害特征图谱,并加速图谱识别效率,以促使探地雷达检测技术迈向更加成熟与完善,实现检测精度的飞跃式提升。
瞬态瑞雷面波法不需要进行钻孔取芯,只需用力锤在路面施加瞬时的垂直冲击,即可通过在路基上激发的瞬态瑞雷面波的频散曲线分析得到不同深度范围内的介质性质,如道路基土的压实度、路面结构层动态模量。通过建立瑞雷面波速与路面介质物理力学参量之间的关系,可以实现路面工程的无损检测[47]图5所示为瞬态瑞雷面波法的检测原理[47]
张文升等[48]通过对面波频散曲线分析得出,路面脱空病害得到修复后,该位置的主频数值会发生变化,确定了瞬态瑞雷面波法对高速公路病害修复效果进行无损检测的可行性。林有贵等[49]依托于路面基层注浆加固实际工程,分别采用瞬态面波法和钻孔取芯法进行注浆效果检测并进行对比。结果表明,剪切波波速对路面结构层内部状况变化敏感,因此可以用于高速公路病害识别及注浆效果检测中。吕守航[50]通过分析脱空状态下弹性波的传播规律及面波频散曲线特征、确定路面基层脱空范围,实现了对路面基层脱空的定性识别和定量评价。刘强[51]采用瞬态瑞雷面波技术,对公路工程中软弱路基的夯击加固成效进行了深入分析。他通过细致对比加固处理前后,面波波速的显著变化,不仅验证了加固效果的显著性,还精准地揭示了加固处理的深度范围,为评估加固质量提供了有力依据,充分展现了该方法在道路加固效果评价中的有效性和可靠性。
综上所述,瑞雷面波法能够通过频率和波速变化快速反映路基路面的压实度,可以用于病害识别及注浆效果检测。
单一的检测手段能够较好地反映道路某一特征指标,如压实度、强度等,但注浆后的道路性能往往需要从多个角度进行综合评判,单一检测手段很难实现这一目的。例如,现行公路技术状况评定标准JTG 5210—2018中就将根据路面损坏状况指数、路面行驶质量指数、路面车辙深度指数、路面跳车指数、路面磨耗指数、路面抗滑性能指数、路面结构强度指数7项指标对路面技术状况进行评价[52]。道路的注浆修复将直接影响这些指标的检测结果。反之,注浆修复效果也可通过包括但不限于以上多个道路性能指标来反映。因此,对于高速公路沥青路面病害注浆修复效果来说,多指标综合评价模型是较为合理有效的评价手段。当前,沥青路面注浆修复效果评价尚缺乏系统性的评价体系,因此借助已有文献中隧道注浆、采空区注浆等领域效果评价手段,分析了模糊层次分析法、灰色关联度法、主客观赋权云模型在沥青路面内部病害注浆修复效果评价中的应用前景。
层次分析法是一种多因素之间,通过两两比较重要性确定因素权重的评价方法。它的优势在于将一个复杂问题数学化、层次化、系统化,从而更为有效地分析和解决问题。但由于比较过程中主观判断的不精确性,Mardani[53]提出了层次模糊分析法。该方法将模糊集与层次分析法相结合,既保持了层次分析法的优势,同时又弥补了层次分析不准确的缺点,已被广泛应用于多个领域的复杂方案评估。总结层次分析-模糊综合评判模型构建流程如图6所示。
许光泉等[54]利用层次模糊评价模型构建了底板岩溶水害注浆治理效果的综合评价模型,并进行了实际应用,该模型的成功利用为注浆修复效果的评价提供了一定的借鉴。贾娒[55]通过对比煤层底板注浆前后水质变化、井身稳定性、地层渗透性等指标的方法,来评估注浆效果。王德明等[56]以永莲隧道为实例,运用注浆量分析法、检查孔分析法、P-Q-t曲线法以及GPR物理探测法检测道路相关指标,基于层次分析法,建立注浆效果评价指标体系,引入模糊理论,构建了注浆效果评价模型,实现了注浆效果评价从定性、经验性向科学化和半定量化的转变。Fan等[57]引入基于D数理论的层次分析法方法(D-analytic hierarchy process,D-AHP),将传统的层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)扩展为D数,提出了一种综合考虑浆液帷幕渗透性和密闭性的浆液帷幕灌浆效率的混合模糊综合评价方法。可以更有效地处理不确定问题。
层次模糊分析法通过引入模糊数替代传统的精确数,这一转变使得评价过程能够容纳模糊性的判断,进而提升了效果评估的精确度。在未来的研究中,可以将更多的检测方法,如GPR图像检测、弯沉检测等,结合到所提出的层次模糊分析法中,以获得更有效的注浆评价。
灰色关联度分析(grey relational analysis,GRA)是邓聚龙[58]于1984年提出的一种分析系统中各个因素之间相互关联程度的评价方法。其基本思路是依据系统历史有关统计数据的几何关系和相似程度来判断因素之间的关联程度。总结关联度计算步骤如图7所示。
杨永超[59]探讨了采空区地基注浆处治效果的灰色关联度评价方法,并结合工程实例进行了应用分析。利用灰色关联理论分别对注浆前后地基稳定性、承载能力、变形特性等指标进行评价。潘旺等[60]根据改进的灰色理论,提出了基于沥青路面裂缝率的路况评价模型,该模型同样适用于沥青路面注浆修复效果评价。后钱峰等[61]提出了一种基于灰色关联度的模糊综合评价方法,依据注浆施工流程,从注浆过程控制、注浆结束控制条件、注浆检测及注浆可靠度4个方面建立2级3层的注浆效果评价体系,建立了优、良、合格、不合格4个注浆效果评价等级。并结合贵阳地铁隧道注浆堵漏工程,进行注浆效果评价。
灰色关联度分析法与传统的分项评价、赋权综合方法相比,后者的权重赋予具有较大的主观性,而灰色关联度评价模型能系统反应量化和非量化指标的不同特性,评价结果更加真实。灰色关联度分析虽然在理论研究方面成果丰硕,但在评价沥青路面注浆效果的应用方面研究较少,未来研究中将其与注浆修复效果模糊综合评价相结合,可进一步完善沥青路面注浆修复效果评价理论。
鉴于沥青路面注浆修复效果评价中普遍存在的模糊性和随机性,引入云模型能够有效获取全面且客观的评价结果。云模型这一理论最初由李德毅院士提出,它基于概率论和模糊数学,通过期望值Ex、熵En和超熵He来表征客观事物不确定性研究中的随机性和模糊性的关系[62-63]
在此基础上,许多学者进一步论证和发展了云模型,并将其运用于风险评估、适宜性评估和效果评价等领域。郭德赛[64]、李梦[65]、于景飞等[66]和贺桂伟等[67]通过云模型分别对敞开式掘进机施工法(tunnel boring machine,TBM)施工风险、地铁施工风险、变电站的检修风险、车载动力锂电池火灾风险进行了评价;Deng等[68]、朱倩等[69]和冯辉红等[70]利用云模型分别对地下空间的地质适宜性、果园运输小车适应性、既有公路服务区设施配置适宜性进行了评估;金圆等[71]采用改进的云模型对隧道爆破效果进行了综合评价;在采用云模型执行效果评价的流程中,赋予评价指标权重是一个至关重要的环节,它深刻影响着评价结果的可信度。传统的赋权方法大致可以划分为主观赋权法与客观赋权法两类。为了应对单一赋权方法所固有的局限性,众多学者逐渐倾向于采用博弈论理论进行组合赋权,以期将决策者的主观认知与指标的客观数据进行合理的权重分配。目前,博弈论组合赋权-云模型在注浆修复研究中已成功应用,贺琳[7]基于博弈论组合赋权-云模型评价体系,对高铁采空区地基注浆治理后的效果进行评价,并以具体工程案例为对象,验证了该评价方法的科学适用性。但是,组合赋权-云模型评价体系在高速公路注浆修复领域中的应用尚属空白。这些评价模型的成功应用,意味着注浆修复效果评价同样可以借鉴这种方法,综合考虑多种因素对修复效果的影响。对于注浆修复效果评价中可能涉及的复杂因素具有一定的借鉴意义,有助于更全面地评估注浆效果。
当前,云模型评估理论体系在道路注浆修复领域的实践应用尚属空白,这一现状凸显了其在该领域内未被充分挖掘的潜力与广阔的发展空间。鉴于其前瞻性与创新性,未来在道路注浆修复效果的评价过程中,引入并融合组合赋权云模型理论,有望带来显著的性能提升与评估精度的飞跃。此举不仅能够填补现有技术空白,还能为道路修复工程提供更为科学、全面的决策支持。
注浆修复作为一项实用性强且广泛应用于道路病害修复的重要技术,其修复效果的评价研究具有极其重要的意义。然而,目前中外在注浆修复效果评价方面仍存在诸多空白和挑战,亟待进一步深入研究。本文综合分析了现有沥青路面注浆修复效果评价的研究方法和应用实例,分析探讨了较为可行的发展方向,得出如下结论。
(1)有损检测技术的优缺点:有损检测技术通过直接对路面进行破坏取样,能够获取道路内部的真实信息,其检测结果通常较高的准确性。但由于需要对道路进行破坏,因此其难以在运营期的公路中进行大规模应用。
(2)无损检测技术的进一步发展:无损检测技术,如弯沉检测、探地雷达(GPR)、瞬态瑞雷面波法等,在注浆修复效果评价中展现了巨大潜力。然而,现有技术在检测精度、数据处理及图像分析等方面仍需进一步提升。未来应致力于发展更为精确、高效的无损检测技术,并结合人工智能、深度学习等先进技术,提高检测的自动化和智能化水平。
(3)系统性评价体系的缺失:当前,注浆修复效果评价缺乏系统性的评价体系。现有的模糊层次分析法、灰色关联度分析、云模型仍未应用于沥青路面注浆修复效果评价中,未来的研究应着重于构建一套科学、全面、具有可操作性的注浆修复效果评价体系,综合考虑多个指标和参数的协同作用,以提高评价的准确性和可靠性。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52279115)
  • 山东高速集团创新研究院委托科研项目(SDGS-2022-0455-09)
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2025年第25卷第6期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404005
  • 接收时间:2024-05-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-27
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29
  • 修回日期:2024-11-25
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国家自然科学基金(52279115)
山东高速集团创新研究院委托科研项目(SDGS-2022-0455-09)
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学工程学院, 青岛 266100
    2 山东省高速公路技术和安全评估重点实验室, 济南 271299
    3 山东高速集团有限公司创新研究院, 济南 250000
    4 山东省路桥集团有限公司, 济南 271502

通讯作者:

* 李鹏(1989—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高速公路固废再生材料研发与应用体系。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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