Article(id=1156264149266060193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401760, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710259200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-13, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753604455534, onlineDateStr=2025-07-27, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753604455534, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753604455534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753604455534, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156264148657886112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='6', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='2636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753604455388, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771257443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963767234945804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156264148657886112, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2193, endPage=2206, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156264149752599458, articleId=1156264149266060193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Review of Cloud Image Segmentation Based on Machine Learning, columnId=1156262731956212064, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Surveies·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The changes in clouds are complex and diverse, playing a significant role in weather forecast and disaster warning, and affecting our daily lives. The observation of clouds is mainly carried out through radar, remote sensing satellites, and all-sky imagers. The recorded cloud images are divided into radar cloud images, satellite cloud images, and ground-based cloud images, all of which are indispensable parts of cloud observation. With the development of machine learning in multiple fields, it has gradually been applied to cloud segmentation and has made great progress. Through extensive research on literature and achievements in related fields, machine learning cloud segmentation was divided into three types: cloud segmentation methods based on neural networks, cloud segmentation methods based on transfer learning, and cloud segmentation methods based on lightweight models. The methods proposed in recent years for each type were compared, and improvement methods for different problems in cloud segmentation were further summarized. Several improvement schemes were provided for reference.
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云的变化复杂多样,在天气预测、灾难预警中发挥着重大作用,影响着人们的日常生活。对云的观测主要通过雷达、遥感卫星和全天空成像仪,记录的云图分为雷达云图、卫星云图和地基云图,三者都是云观测中不可或缺的部分。随着机器学习在多领域的发展,逐渐被运用到云图分割中去并取得了很大的进步。通过广泛调研相关领域的文献和成果,将机器学习的云图分割分为基于神经网络的云图分割方法、基于迁移学习的云图分割方法和基于轻量级模型的云图分割方法这3种类型,对每种类型中近几年提出的方法进行了对比,并进一步总结了云图分割中面对不同问题的改进方法,给出了几个改进方案供参考。
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, authorsList=车蕾, 张洪瑞)}, authors=[Author(id=1233422543655325799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chelei@bistu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1233422543776960626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, authorId=1233422543655325799, language=EN, stringName=Lei CHE, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=CHE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management Science and Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1233422543886012539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, authorId=1233422543655325799, language=CN, stringName=车蕾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京信息科技大学管理科学与工程学院, 北京 102206, bio={"content":"
车蕾(1979—),女,汉族,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:计算机视觉、自然语言处理。E-mail:chelei@bistu.edu.cn。
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车蕾(1979—),女,汉族,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:计算机视觉、自然语言处理。E-mail:chelei@bistu.edu.cn。
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41(9): 37-43., articleTitle=Segmentation technology of ground-based cloud image for lightweight, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1233422552316564125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, awardId=YS2021YFC2203202, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(YS2021YFC2203202), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1233422552429810351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, awardId=11873063, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(11873063), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1233422552622748351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, awardId=2023-AFCEC-004, language=CN, fundingSource=全国高等院校计算机基础教育研究会计算机基础教育教学研究课题(2023-AFCEC-004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233422543554662494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233422543563051103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, companyId=1233422543554662494, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management Science and Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233422543571439714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, companyId=1233422543554662494, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京信息科技大学管理科学与工程学院, 北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1233422547061100810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
The model of cascaded CNN[28], figureFileSmall=DVmQrZlgVCJ77YaKIAspOg==, figureFileBig=EmPeSZ22aW/NtKSn0FrO8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547199512855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
级联CNN模型[28], figureFileSmall=DVmQrZlgVCJ77YaKIAspOg==, figureFileBig=EmPeSZ22aW/NtKSn0FrO8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547363090724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
The model of SegCloud[30], figureFileSmall=2WaOR18jahx6tb+QeVnJqw==, figureFileBig=BHBrMQBJWXqn7hJ386fOPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547488919859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
SegCloud模型[30], figureFileSmall=2WaOR18jahx6tb+QeVnJqw==, figureFileBig=BHBrMQBJWXqn7hJ386fOPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547581194557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
The architecture of HSP[30], figureFileSmall=tzruJAZRrOteu09TmLfP0g==, figureFileBig=9Mdo/pAxndrtsIh/GxiPyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547702829385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
HSP结构[30] H为窗口高度;W为窗口宽度
, figureFileSmall=tzruJAZRrOteu09TmLfP0g==, figureFileBig=9Mdo/pAxndrtsIh/GxiPyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547807686999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The architecture of AM-CDN[34], figureFileSmall=HIo2wmDua+Txjpa3gANaSQ==, figureFileBig=FuAfZanp4yo2X8oxZFvUtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422547933516133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
AM-CDN结构[34] F1、F2、F3分别代表模块1、模块2、模块3的输出结果;F1和F2分别为F1和F2经过池化后的结果;F4和F5为经过上采样后的输出结果
, figureFileSmall=HIo2wmDua+Txjpa3gANaSQ==, figureFileBig=FuAfZanp4yo2X8oxZFvUtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548067733876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The architecture of U-Net[40], figureFileSmall=kbu/GuK/8koR7Lech7OU/Q==, figureFileBig=R3ZV5Extf/FonNSw41IIxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548210340224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
U-Net结构[40], figureFileSmall=kbu/GuK/8koR7Lech7OU/Q==, figureFileBig=R3ZV5Extf/FonNSw41IIxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548331975051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The module of DAM[46], figureFileSmall=4R3dV2GdNdYjI69zeyLYSw==, figureFileBig=2Pd6/sEV19Msup3nSzrosA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548445221271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
DAM模块[46], figureFileSmall=4R3dV2GdNdYjI69zeyLYSw==, figureFileBig=2Pd6/sEV19Msup3nSzrosA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548592021922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The main part of CDUNet[47], figureFileSmall=Vs//8gq9nqGK1nl0r2xkwQ==, figureFileBig=VTUAyQnBJH/4aXwhmwiXRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548713656749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
CDUNet主要部分[47] Xi和Yi分别为输入和输出的特征图子集,i=1,2,…,6;C×W×H为输入特征图X的大小;BN为批量归一化;Q、K、V分别为注意力机制中的查询向量、键向量、值向量;P为空间先验概率,即Ph为垂直方向的先验概率;Pw为水平方向的先验概率;g、θ、Φ均为1×1卷积和归一化操作
, figureFileSmall=Vs//8gq9nqGK1nl0r2xkwQ==, figureFileBig=VTUAyQnBJH/4aXwhmwiXRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422548864651706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The main part of U-HRNet[48], figureFileSmall=JSgVqd4BhBqQCfsaaT+qdQ==, figureFileBig=PWXPBOd+aIjnG//ShDbPIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422550320075210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
U-HRNet主要部分[48], figureFileSmall=JSgVqd4BhBqQCfsaaT+qdQ==, figureFileBig=PWXPBOd+aIjnG//ShDbPIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422550496235993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Max-pooling index[54], figureFileSmall=mHbuQOMjXqEtEQeU2FSPFA==, figureFileBig=zl+fgfcmxzTa02/tLJJbsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422550622065127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
最大值池化索引[54] a、b、c、d分别为特征图中每个2×2区域的最大像素值
, figureFileSmall=mHbuQOMjXqEtEQeU2FSPFA==, figureFileBig=zl+fgfcmxzTa02/tLJJbsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422550768865783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
The architecture of NP_Segnet[56], figureFileSmall=nyL0aC8D79vX2n8iHQFNCQ==, figureFileBig=W5f18UillxO8S1DSnLjEig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422550907277829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
NP_Segnet结构[56], figureFileSmall=nyL0aC8D79vX2n8iHQFNCQ==, figureFileBig=W5f18UillxO8S1DSnLjEig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422551041495572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Two types of the residual block[59], figureFileSmall=hCY7ETuUGCT1KViTOvU7BQ==, figureFileBig=ESRWl0KilkI9vf4nd3jCWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422551221850670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
两种残差块结构[59] X为输入;Relu为激活函数
, figureFileSmall=hCY7ETuUGCT1KViTOvU7BQ==, figureFileBig=ESRWl0KilkI9vf4nd3jCWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422551372845627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
The main part of MFGNet[62], figureFileSmall=fLmW9CH2sp2FsVzFn36C2A==, figureFileBig=z+8fWwculJyu1GbOY1fSQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422551494480458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
MFGNet主要部分[62], figureFileSmall=fLmW9CH2sp2FsVzFn36C2A==, figureFileBig=z+8fWwculJyu1GbOY1fSQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233422551658058325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of the cloud segmentation methods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分类 | 基本 模型 | 名称 | 发表 年份 | 关键技术和特点 | 优缺点 | 云图 类别 | 评价 指标 | 数值/ % |
| 基于神经网络的云图分割方法 | CNN | SP-CNN[25] | 2017 | 均值偏移方法 | 优:需较少图像像素数量和计算时间; 缺:可改进全连接层进一步缩短计算成本 | 雷达 云图 | IoU | 80.132±0.512 |
基于深度学习 的多级云检测 方法[26] | 2017 | SLIC算法 双分支CNN结构 | 优:准确检测云的边界和区分薄、厚云; 缺:需更多处理步骤和资源 | 卫星 云图 | R | 94.54 |
级联CNN 架构[28] | 2021 | “粗糙—精细”架构 | 优:可与其他模型进行结合使用; 缺:区分冰、雪等类似云的部分时准确率低 | 卫星 云图 | 无 | 无 |
Seg Cloud[29] | 2021 | 将VGG16的全连接层替换成解码器 | 优:端到端的分割; 缺:识别极薄云困难 | 地基 云图 | AverageACC | 96.24 |
Cloud DeepLabV3+[30] | 2023 | HSP卷积窗口 SE结构 | 优:降低因光照条件等因素对分割的影响; 缺:可添加非云类标签优化分割的表现能力 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 94.3 |
| FCN | FCN-CNN[33] | 2018 | 用FCN-32s和FCN-8s实现云图预分割 | 优:云图预分割提升了分割的准确率; 缺:暂未提及 | 雷达 云图 | IoU | 81.235±0.506 |
| AM-CDN[34] | 2021 | 空洞卷积 注意力机制 | 优:实时检测; 缺:区分冰、雪等类似云的部分时准确率低 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 79.43 |
| GAN | 增强数据集[39] | 2021 | GAN | 优:增强了训练集的有效性; 缺:生成的图像可能与原始图像不一致 | 卫星 云图 | ACC | 86.2 |
| U-Net | CloudU-Net[45] | 2021 | Fully Connected CRF层 | 优:适用于夜间和日间云图分割; 缺:模型复杂度较高 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 96.9 |
| CloudU-Netv2[46] | 2021 | DAM | 优:更关注位置特征和通道特征; 缺:模型复杂度较高 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 96 |
CDU Net[47] | 2021 | HFE MSC SPSA | 优:可对复杂地面对象中的薄云进行分割; 缺:可减少计算开销 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 87.36 |
U-HR Net[48] | 2021 | 融合高、低分辨率卷积层 JPU方法 | 优:适用于夜间和日间云图分割; 缺:云雪共存等复杂情况还需进一步改进 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 94.03 |
改进型 U-Net[50] | 2022 | 高效通道注意力机制 | 优:参数量少,对边缘细节等部分处理较好; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 99.16 |
| 基于神经网络的云图分割方法 | U-Net | SEUNet++[51] | 2022 | 深度监督算法 轻量级注意力机制 | 优:能检测出薄云层; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | IoU | 91.8 |
| CloudY-Net[52] | 2023 | 多头自注意力机制 C-MoE模块 | 优:可同时进行云图像的分割与分类; 缺:准确性需提高,网络结构需简化 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 88.58 |
使用VGG16改 进的U-Net[53] | 2023 | VGG16替换U-Net 编码器 | 优:可对碎云进行较精细的分割; 缺:区分冰、雪等类似云的部分时准确率低。 | 卫星 云图 | IoU | 89.8 |
Seg Net | CloudSegNet[55] | 2019 | 概率掩模 阈值处理 | 优:训练速度较快,不需要耗时的预处理; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | 无 | 无 |
P_Segnet NP_Segnet[56] | 2019 | 平行结构 | 优:分割准确性提升; 缺:输入大小需确定,仍存在云、雪误判 | 卫星 云图 | ACC | 78.9 84.6 |
多尺度特征融 合的SegNet[57] | 2022 | 多尺度特征融合 | 优:边缘分割效果好; 缺:参数量较大 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 91.24 |
GCR SegNet[58] | 2023 | 识别网络 分割网络 | 优:多任务学习; 缺:可探究一张地基云图存在多种云的情况 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 94.28 |
Res Net | CDnet[60] | 2019 | 特征金字塔模块 边界优化模块 | 优:在云、雪共存的情况下有着良好分割; 缺:薄云分割需改进 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 91.7 |
MFG Net[61] | 2020 | SPPA模型 LFSA模型 | 优:能融合云图的深层与浅层信息; 缺:训练样本较少,小目标识别存在困难 | 卫星 云图 | IoU | 90 |
MAFA Net[62] | 2023 | MSPA模型 DMFA模型 BFF、BRB模块 | 优:对云、云影和边界的分割更准确; 缺:模型参数量较大,较为复杂 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 87.57 |
CRS Net[63] | 2023 | MGA模块 SPCA模块 HFA模块 | 优:对云图边缘和小尺寸的云检测效果较好; 缺:模型复杂度较高 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 87.52 |
Trans former | TransCloudSeg[65] | 2022 | HFM模块 | 优:更关注全局上下文信息,细节处理较好; 缺:算法复杂度高,计算时间长,参数量多 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 92.28 |
MCA Net[66] | 2023 | 卷积分支 注意力分支 | 优:准确分割云和雪; 缺:模型参数量较多 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 92.736 |
| 基于迁移学习的云图分割方法 | Res Net | 基于深度卷积U-Net架构的迁移模型[70] | 2019 | 迁移学习 ResNet | 优:方法易于实现,训练迭代次数较少; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | P | 97.44 |
| FCN | 文献[72]的三种迁移方法 | 2020 | 讨论了数据集和验证集对同一迁移模型分割效果的影响 | 无 | 卫星 云图 | 无 | 无 |
Deep LabV3+ | TL-DeepLabV3+[14] | 2022 | 迁移学习 DeepLab V3+ | 优:提升分割准确性; 缺:可添加非云类标签优化分割的表现能力 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 91.05 |
| 基于轻量级模型的云图分割方法 | Res Net | LCD Net[79] | 2022 | 瓶颈残差块 GCE模块 | 优:参数量少,降低干扰对分割准确率影响; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 89.59 |
Mobile Net | LGC SegNet[80] | 2022 | 深度可分离卷积 空洞卷积 | 优:参数量少,且避免了边界损失; 缺:可优化实现云图分割和分类的联合检测 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 86 |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422551771304543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
各种云图分割方法的对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分类 | 基本 模型 | 名称 | 发表 年份 | 关键技术和特点 | 优缺点 | 云图 类别 | 评价 指标 | 数值/ % |
| 基于神经网络的云图分割方法 | CNN | SP-CNN[25] | 2017 | 均值偏移方法 | 优:需较少图像像素数量和计算时间; 缺:可改进全连接层进一步缩短计算成本 | 雷达 云图 | IoU | 80.132±0.512 |
基于深度学习 的多级云检测 方法[26] | 2017 | SLIC算法 双分支CNN结构 | 优:准确检测云的边界和区分薄、厚云; 缺:需更多处理步骤和资源 | 卫星 云图 | R | 94.54 |
级联CNN 架构[28] | 2021 | “粗糙—精细”架构 | 优:可与其他模型进行结合使用; 缺:区分冰、雪等类似云的部分时准确率低 | 卫星 云图 | 无 | 无 |
Seg Cloud[29] | 2021 | 将VGG16的全连接层替换成解码器 | 优:端到端的分割; 缺:识别极薄云困难 | 地基 云图 | AverageACC | 96.24 |
Cloud DeepLabV3+[30] | 2023 | HSP卷积窗口 SE结构 | 优:降低因光照条件等因素对分割的影响; 缺:可添加非云类标签优化分割的表现能力 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 94.3 |
| FCN | FCN-CNN[33] | 2018 | 用FCN-32s和FCN-8s实现云图预分割 | 优:云图预分割提升了分割的准确率; 缺:暂未提及 | 雷达 云图 | IoU | 81.235±0.506 |
| AM-CDN[34] | 2021 | 空洞卷积 注意力机制 | 优:实时检测; 缺:区分冰、雪等类似云的部分时准确率低 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 79.43 |
| GAN | 增强数据集[39] | 2021 | GAN | 优:增强了训练集的有效性; 缺:生成的图像可能与原始图像不一致 | 卫星 云图 | ACC | 86.2 |
| U-Net | CloudU-Net[45] | 2021 | Fully Connected CRF层 | 优:适用于夜间和日间云图分割; 缺:模型复杂度较高 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 96.9 |
| CloudU-Netv2[46] | 2021 | DAM | 优:更关注位置特征和通道特征; 缺:模型复杂度较高 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 96 |
CDU Net[47] | 2021 | HFE MSC SPSA | 优:可对复杂地面对象中的薄云进行分割; 缺:可减少计算开销 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 87.36 |
U-HR Net[48] | 2021 | 融合高、低分辨率卷积层 JPU方法 | 优:适用于夜间和日间云图分割; 缺:云雪共存等复杂情况还需进一步改进 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 94.03 |
改进型 U-Net[50] | 2022 | 高效通道注意力机制 | 优:参数量少,对边缘细节等部分处理较好; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 99.16 |
| 基于神经网络的云图分割方法 | U-Net | SEUNet++[51] | 2022 | 深度监督算法 轻量级注意力机制 | 优:能检测出薄云层; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | IoU | 91.8 |
| CloudY-Net[52] | 2023 | 多头自注意力机制 C-MoE模块 | 优:可同时进行云图像的分割与分类; 缺:准确性需提高,网络结构需简化 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 88.58 |
使用VGG16改 进的U-Net[53] | 2023 | VGG16替换U-Net 编码器 | 优:可对碎云进行较精细的分割; 缺:区分冰、雪等类似云的部分时准确率低。 | 卫星 云图 | IoU | 89.8 |
Seg Net | CloudSegNet[55] | 2019 | 概率掩模 阈值处理 | 优:训练速度较快,不需要耗时的预处理; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | 无 | 无 |
P_Segnet NP_Segnet[56] | 2019 | 平行结构 | 优:分割准确性提升; 缺:输入大小需确定,仍存在云、雪误判 | 卫星 云图 | ACC | 78.9 84.6 |
多尺度特征融 合的SegNet[57] | 2022 | 多尺度特征融合 | 优:边缘分割效果好; 缺:参数量较大 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 91.24 |
GCR SegNet[58] | 2023 | 识别网络 分割网络 | 优:多任务学习; 缺:可探究一张地基云图存在多种云的情况 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 94.28 |
Res Net | CDnet[60] | 2019 | 特征金字塔模块 边界优化模块 | 优:在云、雪共存的情况下有着良好分割; 缺:薄云分割需改进 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 91.7 |
MFG Net[61] | 2020 | SPPA模型 LFSA模型 | 优:能融合云图的深层与浅层信息; 缺:训练样本较少,小目标识别存在困难 | 卫星 云图 | IoU | 90 |
MAFA Net[62] | 2023 | MSPA模型 DMFA模型 BFF、BRB模块 | 优:对云、云影和边界的分割更准确; 缺:模型参数量较大,较为复杂 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 87.57 |
CRS Net[63] | 2023 | MGA模块 SPCA模块 HFA模块 | 优:对云图边缘和小尺寸的云检测效果较好; 缺:模型复杂度较高 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 87.52 |
Trans former | TransCloudSeg[65] | 2022 | HFM模块 | 优:更关注全局上下文信息,细节处理较好; 缺:算法复杂度高,计算时间长,参数量多 | 地基 云图 | ACC | 92.28 |
MCA Net[66] | 2023 | 卷积分支 注意力分支 | 优:准确分割云和雪; 缺:模型参数量较多 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 92.736 |
| 基于迁移学习的云图分割方法 | Res Net | 基于深度卷积U-Net架构的迁移模型[70] | 2019 | 迁移学习 ResNet | 优:方法易于实现,训练迭代次数较少; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | P | 97.44 |
| FCN | 文献[72]的三种迁移方法 | 2020 | 讨论了数据集和验证集对同一迁移模型分割效果的影响 | 无 | 卫星 云图 | 无 | 无 |
Deep LabV3+ | TL-DeepLabV3+[14] | 2022 | 迁移学习 DeepLab V3+ | 优:提升分割准确性; 缺:可添加非云类标签优化分割的表现能力 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 91.05 |
| 基于轻量级模型的云图分割方法 | Res Net | LCD Net[79] | 2022 | 瓶颈残差块 GCE模块 | 优:参数量少,降低干扰对分割准确率影响; 缺:暂未提及 | 卫星 云图 | mIoU | 89.59 |
Mobile Net | LGC SegNet[80] | 2022 | 深度可分离卷积 空洞卷积 | 优:参数量少,且避免了边界损失; 缺:可优化实现云图分割和分类的联合检测 | 地基 云图 | mIoU | 86 |
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Improvement methods for different problems in cloud image segmentation
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| 解决问题 | 神经网络 | 迁移学习 | 轻量级模型 |
| 提升计算速度 | 空洞卷积、残差结构、注意力机制、预分割 | 无 | 无 |
| 减少参数量 | 空洞卷积、残差结构 | 无 | 瓶颈设计、空洞卷积 |
| 特征融合 | 注意力机制、金字塔模块、跳跃连接 | 跳跃连接 | 注意力模块 |
| 边界、细节分割 | 残差结构、注意力机制 | 残差结构 | 通道拼接 |
), ArticleFig(id=1233422552035545722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156264149266060193, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
云图分割中面对不同问题的改进方法
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| 解决问题 | 神经网络 | 迁移学习 | 轻量级模型 |
| 提升计算速度 | 空洞卷积、残差结构、注意力机制、预分割 | 无 | 无 |
| 减少参数量 | 空洞卷积、残差结构 | 无 | 瓶颈设计、空洞卷积 |
| 特征融合 | 注意力机制、金字塔模块、跳跃连接 | 跳跃连接 | 注意力模块 |
| 边界、细节分割 | 残差结构、注意力机制 | 残差结构 | 通道拼接 |
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