Article(id=1149789608776524411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405157, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=1741363200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752060804790, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752060804790, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752060804790, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752060804790, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6933, endPage=6941, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149789609011405436, articleId=1149789608776524411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Gas Risk Assessment Method for the Whole Construction Process of Mountain Tunnel: Taking Zhongliangshan Tunnel Project as an Example, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gas risk assessment of tunnel construction is one of the key issues to ensure the safe construction of tunnels passing through gas sections. Aiming at the three stages of investigation, design and construction in the process of tunnel construction, the interpretative structural model was used to reveal the hierarchical key of gas risk influencing factors in the above three stages. The hierarchical model of risk assessment was established, and the weight calculation method of risk assessment index was defined. Combined with data collection, literature collation and engineering investigation, the assignment standard of risk assessment index was proposed based on membership degree theory, and the gas risk assessment method in tunnel construction process was constructed. Combined with engineering examples, the rationality of the proposed method was verified. The results show that the pregnancy risk environment in the survey stage is the precondition, and the survey disturbance is the inducing factor. The pregnancy risk environment in the design stage is the precondition, and the design factor is the inducing factor. In the construction stage, the pregnancy risk environment is the precondition, the construction disturbance is the inducing factor, and the site management is the root cause. The risk is revealed in the survey stage, the risk is reduced in the design stage, and the safety is ensured in the construction stage. The proposed method is consistent with the on-site disclosure, which verifies the rationality of the proposed method. Through the above research, it can provide a theoretical basis for the risk determination of the tunnel crossing the gas area, and provide a reference for the selection of subsequent engineering measures.

, correspAuthors=Xian-min LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhen-bo ZHANG, Bao-sheng QIE, Xian-min LI, Jia-wei WEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149789621913084735, articleId=1149789608776524411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=山岭隧道建造全过程瓦斯风险评估方法:以中梁山隧道工程为例, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

隧道施工瓦斯风险评估是保证穿越瓦斯段隧道安全建设的关键性问题之一。针对隧道建设过程中的勘察、设计与施工3个阶段,采用解释结构模型揭示了以上3个阶段瓦斯风险影响因素的层次关键,建立风险评估层次模型,明确了风险评价指标的权重计算方法,结合资料搜集、文献整理与工程调研,基于隶属度理论提出风险评价指标赋值标准,构建了隧道建造过程瓦斯风险评估方法。并结合工程实例,验证提出方法的合理性。结果表明:勘察阶段孕险环境为前置条件,勘察扰动为诱发因素;设计阶段孕险环境为前置条件,设计因素为诱发因素;施工阶段孕险环境为前置条件,施工扰动为诱发因素,现场管理为根本原因;勘察阶段揭露了风险,设计阶段降低了风险,施工阶段保证了安全;所提出的方法与现场揭露情况一致,验证了所提方法的合理性。研究成果可以为隧道穿越瓦斯区的风险确定提供理论依据,为后续工程措施的选取提供参考。

, correspAuthors=李献民, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李献民(1971—),男,河南许昌人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土与隧道工程。E-mail:
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张振波(1990—),男,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授。研究方向:隧道及地下工程安全建造。E-mail:

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Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2024, 61(4): 180-191., articleTitle=Study on multi-factors affecting construction ventilation in hydraulic tunnels with gas in Tingzikou irrigation area, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177977201740886123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, awardId=52078311, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52078311), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177977201799606380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, awardId=21567625H, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省省级科技计划(21567625H), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177977201849938029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, awardId=KJYF-2021-B-14, language=CN, fundingSource=中交一公局集团科技研发项目(KJYF-2021-B-14), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177977196988739613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, 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Influencing factors of risk in gas tunnel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 具体影响因素
孕险环境 地质构造、断层宽度、围岩完整性、围岩岩性、煤体结构类型;地下水、地表水、补给能力;瓦斯压力、瓦斯含量、氧气浓度、绝对瓦斯涌出量
勘察扰动 机械设备选择、探测方案、勘察地点
设计方案 隧道长度、隧道埋深、断面大小、开挖方法、支护方案、超前地质预报、其他防瓦斯措施、通风设计、爆破设计、辅助坑道设计
施工扰动 揭煤作业、开挖作业、机械与设备防护、支护作业、爆破作业、施工用电、施工通风、超前地质预报、监控量测
安全管理 火源管理、应急预案、现场组织管理、安全教育与培训、落实检查
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200344182874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

瓦斯隧道风险影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 具体影响因素
孕险环境 地质构造、断层宽度、围岩完整性、围岩岩性、煤体结构类型;地下水、地表水、补给能力;瓦斯压力、瓦斯含量、氧气浓度、绝对瓦斯涌出量
勘察扰动 机械设备选择、探测方案、勘察地点
设计方案 隧道长度、隧道埋深、断面大小、开挖方法、支护方案、超前地质预报、其他防瓦斯措施、通风设计、爆破设计、辅助坑道设计
施工扰动 揭煤作业、开挖作业、机械与设备防护、支护作业、爆破作业、施工用电、施工通风、超前地质预报、监控量测
安全管理 火源管理、应急预案、现场组织管理、安全教育与培训、落实检查
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200419680347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The weight of risk evaluation index in gas tunnel investigation stage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权重 检验
孕险环境 0.600 0
勘察扰动 0.400 0
工程地质 0.238 5 λmax=3.018 3;
CI=0.009 1;
CR=0.015 8<0.1
水文地质 0.136 5
瓦斯特征 0.625 0
地质构造 0.248 8 λmax=5.315 8;
CI=0.079 0;
CR=0.070 5<0.1
断层宽度 0.072 3
围岩岩性 0.139 1
围岩完整性 0.040 1
煤体结构类型 0.499 7
地下水 0.600 0
地表水 0.400 0
瓦斯压力 0.122 2 λmax=4.068 5;
CI=0.002 8;
CR=0.025 4<0.1
瓦斯含量 0.523 2
氧气浓度 0.057 0
绝对瓦斯涌出量 0.297 6
机械设备选择 0.104 7 λmax=3.038 5;
CI=0.019 3;
CR=0.033 2<0.1
探测方案 0.637 0
勘测地点 0.258 3
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200474206300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

瓦斯隧道勘察阶段风险评价指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权重 检验
孕险环境 0.600 0
勘察扰动 0.400 0
工程地质 0.238 5 λmax=3.018 3;
CI=0.009 1;
CR=0.015 8<0.1
水文地质 0.136 5
瓦斯特征 0.625 0
地质构造 0.248 8 λmax=5.315 8;
CI=0.079 0;
CR=0.070 5<0.1
断层宽度 0.072 3
围岩岩性 0.139 1
围岩完整性 0.040 1
煤体结构类型 0.499 7
地下水 0.600 0
地表水 0.400 0
瓦斯压力 0.122 2 λmax=4.068 5;
CI=0.002 8;
CR=0.025 4<0.1
瓦斯含量 0.523 2
氧气浓度 0.057 0
绝对瓦斯涌出量 0.297 6
机械设备选择 0.104 7 λmax=3.038 5;
CI=0.019 3;
CR=0.033 2<0.1
探测方案 0.637 0
勘测地点 0.258 3
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200524537949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The weight of risk evaluation index in gas tunnel design stage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权重 检验
孕险环境 0.400 0
设计方案 0.600 0
隧道长度 0.017 0 λmax=11.086 9;
CI=0.120 8;
CR=0.081 1<0.1
隧道埋深 0.015 3
断面大小 0.027 2
超前地质预报 0.055 5
辅助坑道设计 0.056 4
其他防瓦斯措施 0.049 4
通风设计 0.294 1
爆破设计 0.158 5
开挖方法 0.174 1
支护方案 0.152 5
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200600035422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

瓦斯隧道设计阶段风险评价指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权重 检验
孕险环境 0.400 0
设计方案 0.600 0
隧道长度 0.017 0 λmax=11.086 9;
CI=0.120 8;
CR=0.081 1<0.1
隧道埋深 0.015 3
断面大小 0.027 2
超前地质预报 0.055 5
辅助坑道设计 0.056 4
其他防瓦斯措施 0.049 4
通风设计 0.294 1
爆破设计 0.158 5
开挖方法 0.174 1
支护方案 0.152 5
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200688115807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The weight of risk evaluation index in construction stage of gas tunnel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权重 检验
孕险环境 0.104 7 λmax=3.038 5;
CI=0.019 3;
CR=0.033 2<0.1
施工扰动 0.258 3
安全管理 0.637 0
揭煤作业 0.116 5 λmax=9.804 7;
CI=0.100 6;
CR=0.069 4<0.1
开挖作业 0.061 7
支护作业 0.052 2
爆破作业 0.141 9
施工用电 0.029 5
机械与设备防护 0.023 7
施工通风 0.335 7
超前地质预报 0.016 2
监控量测 0.222 5
火源管理 0.038 1 λmax=5.335 4;
CI=0.083 9;
CR=0.074 9<0.1
应急预案 0.136 5
现场组织管理 0.267 2
安全教育与培训 0.071 6
落实检查 0.486 5
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200792973408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

瓦斯隧道施工阶段风险评价指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 权重 检验
孕险环境 0.104 7 λmax=3.038 5;
CI=0.019 3;
CR=0.033 2<0.1
施工扰动 0.258 3
安全管理 0.637 0
揭煤作业 0.116 5 λmax=9.804 7;
CI=0.100 6;
CR=0.069 4<0.1
开挖作业 0.061 7
支护作业 0.052 2
爆破作业 0.141 9
施工用电 0.029 5
机械与设备防护 0.023 7
施工通风 0.335 7
超前地质预报 0.016 2
监控量测 0.222 5
火源管理 0.038 1 λmax=5.335 4;
CI=0.083 9;
CR=0.074 9<0.1
应急预案 0.136 5
现场组织管理 0.267 2
安全教育与培训 0.071 6
落实检查 0.486 5
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200847499361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The membership degree of risk evaluation index of gas tunnel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级
隶属度 0 0.25 0.75 1
地质构造 无褶皱或褶皱小,封闭煤层构造 平缓褶皱,未扰动煤层 开阔褶皱,连通煤层 闭合褶皱,开放性煤层构
断层宽度/m <2 2~5 5~10 >10
围岩岩性 页岩 灰岩 砂岩 泥岩
围岩完整性 围岩完整,呈块状结构 围岩较完整,呈较完整
的块状结构
围岩较破碎,呈较为
完整破碎结构
围岩破碎,呈碎裂、
松散结构
煤体结构类型 原生结构 破碎结构 碎粒结构 糜棱结构
地下水 贫水或无水,呈干燥状态 弱富水,呈湿润状态 富水,呈淋水或滴水状态 极丰富,呈涌水或流水状态
地表水 无地表水或有少量
地表水补充
有适量地表水补充 有较多地表水补充 有大量地表水补充
瓦斯压力/MPa 0 0~0.35 0.35~0.74 >0.74
瓦斯含量/(m3·t-1) <2 2~5 5~8 >8
氧气浓度/% >19.5 12~19.5 6~12 <6
绝对瓦斯涌出量/
(m3·min-1)
0 0~0.5 0.5~1.5 >1.5
机械设备选择 多种设备,非常合理有效 多种设备,合理有效 设备选择单一但较合理有效 设备选择单一且有效性差
探测方案 探测方案合理,设施配备完善,
依据实际随时调整
探测方案较合理,
设施配备基本完善
探测方案一般,
设施配备部分短缺
探测方案不合理,
设施配备严重短缺
勘测地点 地形地貌简单,土体单一 地形地貌简单,土体复杂 地形地貌复杂,土体单一 地形地貌复杂,土体复杂
隧道长度/m <300 300~600 600~1 000 >1 000
隧道埋深/m <100 100~300 300~500 >500
断面大小 小断面(单洞单车隧道) 中断面(单洞双车隧道) 大断面(单洞三车道隧道) 特大断面(单洞四车道隧道)
超前地质预报 合理 较合理 不合理 极不合理
辅助坑道设计 设计完全适用 设计基本适用 设计不适用 无辅助坑道设计
其他防瓦斯措施 非常有效合理 有效合理 有效性较差 未制定
通风设计 按实际分阶段通风 加强通风 普通通风 无通风
爆破设计 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
开挖方法 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
支护方案 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
揭煤作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
开挖作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
支护作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
爆破作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
施工用电 配电房配置合理且严格满足
各项用电规范,保护设施完善
配电房配置合理,
满足用电规范
有基本的用电管理标准 未配置配电房或
用电管理极差
机械与设备防护 多种全面防护 多种基本防护 简单防护 未进行防护
施工通风 分阶段进行通风 进行加强通风 进行基本通风 未进行通风布置或通风情况极差
超前地质预报 合理、同时采用多种手段 较合理、多种手段 不合理、单一手段 未采用、手段极不合理
监控量测 合理且符合规范 合理 不合理 极不合理
火源管理 严格用火管理,用火审批
并制定防火措施
用火审批 进行基本用火管理 未进行用火管理
应急预案 合理且及时调整 合理 不合理 未制定
现场组织管理 管理调度有序,严格符合规定 管理调度有序 管理不合理 未管理
安全教育与培训 合理 较合理 不合理 未进行
落实检查 合理,严格落实 较合理,落实到位 一般落实 未落实
), ArticleFig(id=1177977200927191138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

瓦斯隧道风险评价指标隶属度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级
隶属度 0 0.25 0.75 1
地质构造 无褶皱或褶皱小,封闭煤层构造 平缓褶皱,未扰动煤层 开阔褶皱,连通煤层 闭合褶皱,开放性煤层构
断层宽度/m <2 2~5 5~10 >10
围岩岩性 页岩 灰岩 砂岩 泥岩
围岩完整性 围岩完整,呈块状结构 围岩较完整,呈较完整
的块状结构
围岩较破碎,呈较为
完整破碎结构
围岩破碎,呈碎裂、
松散结构
煤体结构类型 原生结构 破碎结构 碎粒结构 糜棱结构
地下水 贫水或无水,呈干燥状态 弱富水,呈湿润状态 富水,呈淋水或滴水状态 极丰富,呈涌水或流水状态
地表水 无地表水或有少量
地表水补充
有适量地表水补充 有较多地表水补充 有大量地表水补充
瓦斯压力/MPa 0 0~0.35 0.35~0.74 >0.74
瓦斯含量/(m3·t-1) <2 2~5 5~8 >8
氧气浓度/% >19.5 12~19.5 6~12 <6
绝对瓦斯涌出量/
(m3·min-1)
0 0~0.5 0.5~1.5 >1.5
机械设备选择 多种设备,非常合理有效 多种设备,合理有效 设备选择单一但较合理有效 设备选择单一且有效性差
探测方案 探测方案合理,设施配备完善,
依据实际随时调整
探测方案较合理,
设施配备基本完善
探测方案一般,
设施配备部分短缺
探测方案不合理,
设施配备严重短缺
勘测地点 地形地貌简单,土体单一 地形地貌简单,土体复杂 地形地貌复杂,土体单一 地形地貌复杂,土体复杂
隧道长度/m <300 300~600 600~1 000 >1 000
隧道埋深/m <100 100~300 300~500 >500
断面大小 小断面(单洞单车隧道) 中断面(单洞双车隧道) 大断面(单洞三车道隧道) 特大断面(单洞四车道隧道)
超前地质预报 合理 较合理 不合理 极不合理
辅助坑道设计 设计完全适用 设计基本适用 设计不适用 无辅助坑道设计
其他防瓦斯措施 非常有效合理 有效合理 有效性较差 未制定
通风设计 按实际分阶段通风 加强通风 普通通风 无通风
爆破设计 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
开挖方法 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
支护方案 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
揭煤作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
开挖作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
支护作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
爆破作业 合理且及时调整 较合理 不合理 极不合理
施工用电 配电房配置合理且严格满足
各项用电规范,保护设施完善
配电房配置合理,
满足用电规范
有基本的用电管理标准 未配置配电房或
用电管理极差
机械与设备防护 多种全面防护 多种基本防护 简单防护 未进行防护
施工通风 分阶段进行通风 进行加强通风 进行基本通风 未进行通风布置或通风情况极差
超前地质预报 合理、同时采用多种手段 较合理、多种手段 不合理、单一手段 未采用、手段极不合理
监控量测 合理且符合规范 合理 不合理 极不合理
火源管理 严格用火管理,用火审批
并制定防火措施
用火审批 进行基本用火管理 未进行用火管理
应急预案 合理且及时调整 合理 不合理 未制定
现场组织管理 管理调度有序,严格符合规定 管理调度有序 管理不合理 未管理
安全教育与培训 合理 较合理 不合理 未进行
落实检查 合理,严格落实 较合理,落实到位 一般落实 未落实
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201023660131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Risk rank evaluation standard

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 评估结果 描述
Ⅰ级 无瓦斯区 距煤层远,无构造连通,无瓦斯
Ⅱ级 低瓦斯区 距煤层较近或虽与煤层相距较远但有构造连通,瓦斯含量较低
Ⅲ级 高瓦斯区 距煤层较近且有构造连通,瓦斯含量较高,容易发生瓦斯事故
Ⅳ级 瓦斯突出区 距煤层很近,瓦斯含量很高,瓦斯事故易发,甚至发生瓦斯突出
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201107546212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

风险等级评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 评估结果 描述
Ⅰ级 无瓦斯区 距煤层远,无构造连通,无瓦斯
Ⅱ级 低瓦斯区 距煤层较近或虽与煤层相距较远但有构造连通,瓦斯含量较低
Ⅲ级 高瓦斯区 距煤层较近且有构造连通,瓦斯含量较高,容易发生瓦斯事故
Ⅳ级 瓦斯突出区 距煤层很近,瓦斯含量很高,瓦斯事故易发,甚至发生瓦斯突出
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201204015205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Coal seam range and characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称 数值
洞身段落 ZK21+779~ZK21+743
煤层编号 K21
煤层倾角/(°) 35
煤层厚度/m 0.45
容重/(t·m-3) 1.40
隧道压覆煤储量/t 69 427
备注 已施工
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201313067110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

煤层范围及特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称 数值
洞身段落 ZK21+779~ZK21+743
煤层编号 K21
煤层倾角/(°) 35
煤层厚度/m 0.45
容重/(t·m-3) 1.40
隧道压覆煤储量/t 69 427
备注 已施工
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201375981671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Evaluation set of ZK21+779~ZK21+743

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级
地质构造 0 0.5 0.5 0
断层宽度 0.8 0.2 0 0
围岩岩性 0 0 0.2 0.8
围岩完整性 0 0 0.2 0.8
煤体结构类型 0 0.6 0.4 0
地下水 0 0.4 0.6 0
地表水 0 0.4 0.6 0
瓦斯压力 0 0.5 0.5 0
瓦斯含量 0.7 0.3 0 0
氧气浓度 0.6 0.4 0 0
绝对瓦斯涌出量 0.2 0.7 0.1 0
机械设备选择 0.6 0.4 0 0
探测方案 0.5 0.5 0 0
勘测地点 0 0 0.4 0.6
隧道长度 0 0 0 1
隧道埋深 0.3 0.6 0.1 0
断面大小 0 0 0.2 0.8
超前地质预报 0.8 0.2 0 0
辅助坑道设计 0 0 0 1
其他预防措施 0 0.6 0.4 0
通风设计 0.6 0.4 0 0
爆破设计 0.5 0.5 0 0
开挖方法 0.4 0.6 0 0
支护方案 0.4 0.6 0 0
揭煤作业 0.5 0.5 0 0
开挖作业 0.6 0.4 0 0
支护作业 0.4 0.6 0 0
爆破作业 0.3 0.7 0 0
施工用电 0.6 0.4 0 0
机械与设备防护 0.5 0.5 0 0
施工通风 0.7 0.3 0 0
超前地质预报 0.8 0.2 0 0
监控量测 0.4 0.6 0 0
火源管理 0.4 0.6 0 0
应急预案 0.5 0.5 0 0
现场组织管理 0.6 0.4 0 0
安全教育与培训 0.5 0.5 0 0
落实检查 0.6 0.4 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201434701928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

ZK21+779~ZK21+743评价集

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级
地质构造 0 0.5 0.5 0
断层宽度 0.8 0.2 0 0
围岩岩性 0 0 0.2 0.8
围岩完整性 0 0 0.2 0.8
煤体结构类型 0 0.6 0.4 0
地下水 0 0.4 0.6 0
地表水 0 0.4 0.6 0
瓦斯压力 0 0.5 0.5 0
瓦斯含量 0.7 0.3 0 0
氧气浓度 0.6 0.4 0 0
绝对瓦斯涌出量 0.2 0.7 0.1 0
机械设备选择 0.6 0.4 0 0
探测方案 0.5 0.5 0 0
勘测地点 0 0 0.4 0.6
隧道长度 0 0 0 1
隧道埋深 0.3 0.6 0.1 0
断面大小 0 0 0.2 0.8
超前地质预报 0.8 0.2 0 0
辅助坑道设计 0 0 0 1
其他预防措施 0 0.6 0.4 0
通风设计 0.6 0.4 0 0
爆破设计 0.5 0.5 0 0
开挖方法 0.4 0.6 0 0
支护方案 0.4 0.6 0 0
揭煤作业 0.5 0.5 0 0
开挖作业 0.6 0.4 0 0
支护作业 0.4 0.6 0 0
爆破作业 0.3 0.7 0 0
施工用电 0.6 0.4 0 0
机械与设备防护 0.5 0.5 0 0
施工通风 0.7 0.3 0 0
超前地质预报 0.8 0.2 0 0
监控量测 0.4 0.6 0 0
火源管理 0.4 0.6 0 0
应急预案 0.5 0.5 0 0
现场组织管理 0.6 0.4 0 0
安全教育与培训 0.5 0.5 0 0
落实检查 0.6 0.4 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201522782313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Evaluation results of ZK21+779~ZK21+743

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段 计算结果 风险等级 评估结果
勘察阶段 Ⅰ级 0.333 3 Ⅱ级 低瓦斯区
Ⅱ级 0.408 1
Ⅲ级 0.176 1
Ⅳ级 0.082 5
设计阶段 Ⅰ级 0.381 8 Ⅱ级 低瓦斯区
Ⅱ级 0.441 7
Ⅲ级 0.105 9
Ⅳ级 0.070 7
施工阶段 Ⅰ级 0.531 1 Ⅰ级 无瓦斯区
Ⅱ级 0.441 8
Ⅲ级 0.023 2
Ⅳ级 0.004 0
), ArticleFig(id=1177977201594085482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608776524411, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

ZK21+779~ZK21+743评估计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段 计算结果 风险等级 评估结果
勘察阶段 Ⅰ级 0.333 3 Ⅱ级 低瓦斯区
Ⅱ级 0.408 1
Ⅲ级 0.176 1
Ⅳ级 0.082 5
设计阶段 Ⅰ级 0.381 8 Ⅱ级 低瓦斯区
Ⅱ级 0.441 7
Ⅲ级 0.105 9
Ⅳ级 0.070 7
施工阶段 Ⅰ级 0.531 1 Ⅰ级 无瓦斯区
Ⅱ级 0.441 8
Ⅲ级 0.023 2
Ⅳ级 0.004 0
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山岭隧道建造全过程瓦斯风险评估方法:以中梁山隧道工程为例
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张振波 1, 2 , 郄宝盛 3 , 李献民 4, * , 温嘉伟 5
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(16): 6933-6941
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(16): 6933-6941
山岭隧道建造全过程瓦斯风险评估方法:以中梁山隧道工程为例
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张振波1, 2 , 郄宝盛3, 李献民4, * , 温嘉伟5
作者信息
  • 1 石家庄铁道大学河北省大型结构健康诊断与控制重点实验室, 石家庄 050043
  • 2 石家庄铁道大学安全工程与应急管理学院, 石家庄 050043
  • 3 石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院, 石家庄 050043
  • 4 中交一公局集团有限公司, 北京 100024
  • 5 中铁十六局集团第一工程有限公司, 北京 101300
  • 张振波(1990—),男,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授。研究方向:隧道及地下工程安全建造。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李献民(1971—),男,河南许昌人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土与隧道工程。E-mail:
Gas Risk Assessment Method for the Whole Construction Process of Mountain Tunnel: Taking Zhongliangshan Tunnel Project as an Example
Zhen-bo ZHANG1, 2 , Bao-sheng QIE3, Xian-min LI4, * , Jia-wei WEN5
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Structural Health Monitoring and Control, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 2 School of Safety Engineering and Emergency Management, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • 4 China First Highway Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100024, China
  • 5 China Railway 16th Bureau Group No.1 Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 101300, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405157
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隧道施工瓦斯风险评估是保证穿越瓦斯段隧道安全建设的关键性问题之一。针对隧道建设过程中的勘察、设计与施工3个阶段,采用解释结构模型揭示了以上3个阶段瓦斯风险影响因素的层次关键,建立风险评估层次模型,明确了风险评价指标的权重计算方法,结合资料搜集、文献整理与工程调研,基于隶属度理论提出风险评价指标赋值标准,构建了隧道建造过程瓦斯风险评估方法。并结合工程实例,验证提出方法的合理性。结果表明:勘察阶段孕险环境为前置条件,勘察扰动为诱发因素;设计阶段孕险环境为前置条件,设计因素为诱发因素;施工阶段孕险环境为前置条件,施工扰动为诱发因素,现场管理为根本原因;勘察阶段揭露了风险,设计阶段降低了风险,施工阶段保证了安全;所提出的方法与现场揭露情况一致,验证了所提方法的合理性。研究成果可以为隧道穿越瓦斯区的风险确定提供理论依据,为后续工程措施的选取提供参考。

瓦斯风险  /  解释结构模型  /  层次模型  /  隶属度  /  风险评估

Gas risk assessment of tunnel construction is one of the key issues to ensure the safe construction of tunnels passing through gas sections. Aiming at the three stages of investigation, design and construction in the process of tunnel construction, the interpretative structural model was used to reveal the hierarchical key of gas risk influencing factors in the above three stages. The hierarchical model of risk assessment was established, and the weight calculation method of risk assessment index was defined. Combined with data collection, literature collation and engineering investigation, the assignment standard of risk assessment index was proposed based on membership degree theory, and the gas risk assessment method in tunnel construction process was constructed. Combined with engineering examples, the rationality of the proposed method was verified. The results show that the pregnancy risk environment in the survey stage is the precondition, and the survey disturbance is the inducing factor. The pregnancy risk environment in the design stage is the precondition, and the design factor is the inducing factor. In the construction stage, the pregnancy risk environment is the precondition, the construction disturbance is the inducing factor, and the site management is the root cause. The risk is revealed in the survey stage, the risk is reduced in the design stage, and the safety is ensured in the construction stage. The proposed method is consistent with the on-site disclosure, which verifies the rationality of the proposed method. Through the above research, it can provide a theoretical basis for the risk determination of the tunnel crossing the gas area, and provide a reference for the selection of subsequent engineering measures.

gas risk  /  interpret the structural model  /  hierarchical model  /  membership  /  risk assessment
张振波, 郄宝盛, 李献民, 温嘉伟. 山岭隧道建造全过程瓦斯风险评估方法:以中梁山隧道工程为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6933 -6941 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405157
Zhen-bo ZHANG, Bao-sheng QIE, Xian-min LI, Jia-wei WEN. Gas Risk Assessment Method for the Whole Construction Process of Mountain Tunnel: Taking Zhongliangshan Tunnel Project as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6933 -6941 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405157
隧道施工中会遇到各种不良地质灾害。其中,瓦斯是隧道工程中重大地质灾害之一,风险影响因素十分复杂。一旦发生瓦斯浓度过高,可能引起爆炸、施工人员中毒等安全事故,后果不堪设想。因此,有必要采取相应的工程措施控制瓦斯浓度。但是工程措施采取的依据是隧道穿越瓦斯区的风险评价。
针对隧道瓦斯风险,很多学者开展了相关研究。徐腾飞等[1]对2010—2019年中国低瓦斯煤矿发生爆炸事故进行统计,揭示了通风不良是瓦斯事故发生的主要诱因。吴波等[2-3]提出了基于熵值法和模糊理论的铁路瓦斯隧道施工安全风险评估方法。景国勋等[4]基于2015—2019年瓦斯事故数据,采用数理统计的方法研究了煤层开采过程中瓦斯发生类型、区域、月份、时间、诱因5个维度,揭示了瓦斯事故高峰期和地区,以及瓦斯事故主要原因。鲁锦涛等[5]探究煤炭开采过程中煤与瓦斯突出敏感指标间的相互关系,基于灰色关联分析模型结合钻孔瓦斯初速度法和钻屑指标法分析煤与瓦斯突出敏感指标量化转换关系,判定瓦斯突出的关键因素,优化灰色预测模型。张超林等[6]针对煤与瓦斯的突出灾害,从理论假说、物理模拟、数值模拟等方面系统总结了中国煤与瓦斯突出机理的研究进展,结合研究现状与发展趋势,提出研究瓦斯突出全过程、全要素、全时空耦合演化过程的展望。邱郑兴宇[7]从瓦斯隧道施工风险角度,提出施工阶段风险评价指标,基于组合赋权法与模糊综合评价法构建了瓦斯隧道施工风险评估模型。李敏等[8]、林志军等[9]基于贝叶斯网络和模糊集理论量化煤矿开采过程中瓦斯爆炸风险并解决风险分析中不确定性处理的不足,提出电火花和煤自燃是瓦斯爆炸的关键因素。为解决指标权重模糊问题,结合博弈论组合赋权法优化贝叶斯网络。安俊杰等[10]采用流体动力学软件模拟大断面瓦斯隧道掌子面开挖,探究不同涌出位置对瓦斯扩散分布规律,优化了瓦斯监测传感器布局方案。周泽林等[11]基于属性识别理论建立非煤系地层隧道瓦斯突出风险评价体系,计算多指标综合属性测度、应用置信度准则对瓦斯突出风险进行识别。李时宜等[12]为有效保证铁路隧道施工安全,基于核主成分分析法提取主成分,利用改进的麻雀搜索算法优化核极限学习机中核参数和正则化系数,并构建模型来预测铁路隧道煤与瓦斯突出风险。王辉等[13]针对高原瓦斯隧道通风难度大、施工危险性高等难题,提出“风帘+巷道式”通风方案设计。喻兴洪等[14]对矿产复杂地质条件下,对施工过程中瓦斯涌出量及其喷出的原因进行分析和分类,提出了预防措施和施工质量的控制方法。陈治宇等[15]通过模拟大断面公路瓦斯隧道施工期通风降气,揭示不同台阶长度、风筒出风口距掌子面距离、双风筒布设形式下,掌子面附近区域通风流场特征和瓦斯运移规律。苏培东等[16]对瓦斯隧洞施工通风效果进行模拟,分析洞内瓦斯分布规律。
综上可知,学者们基于不同的方法构建了瓦斯隧道风险评估模型,揭示了隧道瓦斯灾害的发生机理。但是有关隧道建造全过程中瓦斯风险研究很少。前人研究主要针对隧道施工阶段这一具体阶段展开,忽略了前期勘察阶段和方案设计阶段,缺乏整体性,且针对施工阶段的瓦斯风险分析缺少了管理因素。针对以上问题,依托山岭隧道具体工程,采用解释结构模型(interpretative structural modeling method,ISM)揭示瓦斯隧道致灾机理,厘清风险影响因素层次逻辑关系,建立瓦斯隧道勘察-设计-施工三阶段一体化表征的风险评价体系,确定风险影响因素权重,构建基于隶属度理论的风险因素指标赋分标准,形成瓦斯隧道建造全阶段的风险评估方法。结合工程实例,验证提出方法的合理性。为瓦斯隧道不同建造阶段的风险评价提供依据,做到勘察阶段揭露风险、设计阶段降低风险、施工阶段保证安全。
瓦斯隧道风险影响因素选取时考虑到数据的可获取性,简便快捷原则、定性与定量相结合原则、主导因素原则、综合性原则、可操作性原则。瓦斯隧道风险影响因素如表1所示。
ISM可将结构复杂、关系不清晰的影响因素简化为具有多级递阶的层次关系模型,建立邻接矩阵,见式(1),经布尔矩阵运算计算可达矩阵,见式(2),划分层次结构,层次化的骨架有向图可以直观、精简的表明影响因素间的逻辑关系及其结构关系。采用ISM构建瓦斯隧道风险灾害影响因素结构层次图,揭示致灾路径,构建瓦斯隧道风险分析模型。
A a i j= a 11 a 12 a 1 n a 21 a 22 a 2 n a n 1 a n 2 a n n
式(1)中:A(aij)为邻接矩阵,表示元素之间直接关系的矩阵;当元素i与元素j无关系时,aij=0,当元素i与元素j有关系时aij=1。
M(bij)= b 11 b 12 b 1 n b 21 b 22 b 2 n b n 1 b n 2 b n n
式(2)中:M(bij)为可达矩阵,表示某一元素到另一元素之间的路径;bij经布尔运算只为0或1。
根据表1,勘察阶段风险影响因素包括孕险环境与勘察扰动,结合影响因素间的指向关系,建立邻接矩阵,采用解释结构模型,得到瓦斯隧道勘察阶段风险影响因素递进关系(图1)。
图1可知,具有瓦斯的孕险环境是前提,随后在勘察扰动因素的影响下,发生风险。根据图1,建立瓦斯隧道勘察阶段风险分析模型,如图2所示。
与勘察阶段原理相同,得到了瓦斯隧道设计阶段风险影响因素递进关系(图3)。
图3可知,孕险环境为前置条件、设计因素为诱发因素。随后根据图3建立瓦斯隧道设计阶段风险分析模型,具体如图4所示。
与勘察阶段原理相同,得到瓦斯隧道施工阶段风险影响因素递进关系(图5)。
图5可知,孕险环境为前置条件、施工因素为诱发因素、安全管理为根本原因。随后根据图5建立瓦斯隧道施工阶段风险分析模型,如图6所示。
根据第1节建立的风险分析模型,基于层次分析法,计算评价指标权重。层次分析法计算权重的步骤为:①确定判断矩阵;②进行一致性检验;③如若未通过一致性检验,修改判断矩阵;④通过一致性检验后,计算得到各层次下的权重。
基于图2的勘察阶段瓦斯风险分析模型,构建判断矩阵,见式(3)~式(5)。
C(cij)= c 11 c 1 n c 1 n c 21 c 22 c 2 n c n 1 c n 2 c n n
AW=λmaxW
CR= C I R I
式中:C(cij)为判断矩阵;cij为因素i与因素j重要性比较结果;λmax为最大特征根;W为特征向量;CI为一致性指标,CI=0时代表判断矩阵完全一致,值越大表示判断矩阵不一致性越严重;RI为随机一致性指标;CR为一致性比率,当CR<0.1,则认为该判断矩阵通过一致性检验。
式(3)~式(5)对应的一致性比率分别为0.015 8、0.070 5、0.025 4、0.033 2,均小于0.1,因此,判断矩阵通过了一致性检验,各层次下的权重如表2所示。
与勘察阶段计算原理相同,一致性比率分别为0.015 8、0.070 5、0.025 4、0.081 1,均小于0.1,因此,判断矩阵通过了一致性检验,各层次下的权重如表3所示。
与勘察阶段计算原理相同,一致性比率分别为0.033 2、0.070 5、0.025 4、0.069 4、0.074 9,均小于0.1,因此,判断矩阵通过了一致性检验,各层次下的权重如表4所示。
模糊综合评价法建立一个从论域C到[0,1]上的映射,用来反映某对象具有某种模糊性质或属于某种模糊概念的程度,构建符合客观规律的隶属函数关系[式(6)],将边界不清、概念模糊、不易定量的因素指标定量化,可对多因素风险指标进行有效评价,风险评价指标隶属度如表5所示。
Rk=Rk(x)= 0 , x < a x - a b - a , a x < b 1 , b x < c d - x d - c , c x < d 0 , x > d
式(6)中:Rk为评价值;abcd为第k个评价指标的等级区间阈值。
基于上述评价指标的权重与赋值计算方法,风险评估的计算公式为
B=W'R
式(7)中:B为风险集;W'为权重集;R为评价集。
瓦斯隧道风险等级(表6)分为四级,为无瓦斯区、低瓦斯区、高瓦斯区、瓦斯突出区。
中梁山隧道是拟建项目最重要的重点控制工程,为双向六车道分离式隧道,隧道左线长5 265.0 m、右线长度5 310.0 m,最大埋深359.3 m。隧道区主要为观音峡背斜形成的低山地貌,地表以落水洞、溶蚀洼地和溶蚀沟槽为主,地下以溶洞和地下暗河为主,断层发育,断层破碎带宽度约50 m。
根据区域资料显示,在路线区中的隧道有毒有害气体赋存于三叠系上统须家河组(T3xj5)第五段中部,煤层结构较简单,天炭为0.10~0.20 m,底炭为0.25~0.35 m,夹矸为泥岩,厚0.05~0.15 m,纯煤厚度0.30~0.55 m,平均厚为0.45 m,较稳定。顶板泥质粉砂岩,底板为泥质粉砂岩。隧道洞身通过地段穿煤范围及压煤特征(表7)。
选取ZK21+779~ZK21+743为示范工区,构建评价集(表8)。风险评价计算结果如表9所示。
采用最大隶属度原则,勘察阶段、设计阶段风险评估结果是Ⅱ级,均属于低瓦斯区;施工阶段评估结果为Ⅰ级,属于无瓦斯区,施工阶段风险等级与施工现场揭露风险等级一致。
针对瓦斯隧道建造过程中勘察、设计、施工的3个阶段,构建了风险评估模型,提出瓦斯隧道风险计算方法,结合工程实例验证了方法的合理性。得到如下主要结论。
(1)勘察阶段瓦斯风险发生机理为,孕险环境为前置条件,勘察扰动为诱发因素。
(2)设计阶段瓦斯风险发生机理为,孕险环境为前置条件,设计因素为诱发因素。
(3)施工阶段瓦斯风险发生机理为,孕险环境为前置条件,施工扰动为诱发因素,现场管理为根本原因。
(4)构建基于隶属度的风险评价指标赋值标准。
(5)提出的方法与现场揭露情况一致,验证了方法的合理性。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52078311)
  • 河北省省级科技计划(21567625H)
  • 中交一公局集团科技研发项目(KJYF-2021-B-14)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405157
  • 接收时间:2024-07-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10
  • 修回日期:2025-03-08
基金
国家自然科学基金(52078311)
河北省省级科技计划(21567625H)
中交一公局集团科技研发项目(KJYF-2021-B-14)
作者信息
    1 石家庄铁道大学河北省大型结构健康诊断与控制重点实验室, 石家庄 050043
    2 石家庄铁道大学安全工程与应急管理学院, 石家庄 050043
    3 石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院, 石家庄 050043
    4 中交一公局集团有限公司, 北京 100024
    5 中铁十六局集团第一工程有限公司, 北京 101300

通讯作者:

* 李献民(1971—),男,河南许昌人,博士,正高级工程师。研究方向:岩土与隧道工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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