Article(id=1149789608407425657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404230, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717603200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-06, revisedDate=1740931200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752060804702, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752060804702, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752060804702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752060804702, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6850, endPage=6861, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149789608717804154, articleId=1149789608407425657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=An Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Tripartite Dynamics in the Formation of Online Violence Public Opinion under Self-media, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to better address incidents of online violence resulting from uncontrolled public opinion in the era of self-media, network platforms are involved in decision-making during the early stages of online violence opinion formation. This can effectively prevent the formation of online violence opinions. Firstly, based on the inducement behaviors of online violence and considering the internal self-purification effects among platforms, self-media, and netizens, the costs and benefits of their autonomous behaviors during the initial stages of online violence opinion formation were defined. Next, a “platform-self-media-netizen” three-party evolutionary game model was constructed, and the behaviors of each subject and their evolutionary stable strategies were analyzed. Finally, numerical simulation experiments were conducted using MATLAB to verify the accuracy of the model and evolutionary results. To further reveal the factors influencing the cooperation among these parties, the impact of their initial cooperation willingness and related parameters on the system was explored. Simulation results show that a strong regulatory strategy adopted by network platforms, with clear guidance, can effectively enhance the cooperation willingness of self-media and netizens, effectively curbing the formation of online violence opinions.

, correspAuthors=Fan-liang BU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia-jie LIANG, Fan-liang BU, Jia LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149789631618703507, articleId=1149789608407425657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=自媒体下网络暴力舆论形成初期的三方演化博弈分析, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为更好地应对自媒体时代下网络舆论失控导致的网络暴力事件发生,网络平台在网络暴力舆论形成演化初期参与决策,可有效防止网络暴力舆论的形成。首先,基于网络暴力的诱发行为并考虑到平台、自媒体、网民内部自净化作用,界定了三者在网络暴力舆论形成初期的自治行为的成本和收益。其次,构建了“平台-自媒体-网民”三方演化博弈模型,并分析各主体的行为及其演化博弈稳定策略。最后,利用MATLAB进行数值仿真实验,验证模型及演化结果的准确性,为了进一步揭示影响这些各方合作的因素,探讨各方初始合作意愿与相关参数对系统的影响。仿真结果表明:网络平台采取强监管策略导向明晰,能有效增强自媒体与网民的合作意愿,有效遏制网络暴力舆论形成。

, correspAuthors=卜凡亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 卜凡亮(1965—),男,汉族,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:信息技术。E-mail:
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梁家杰(1998—),男,汉族,广东云浮人,硕士研究生。研究方向:网络舆论。E-mail:

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Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 1985, 16(3): 285-317., articleTitle=Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1178019509165245072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, awardId=2023SYL08, language=CN, fundingSource=中国人民公安大学双一流创新研究项目(2023SYL08), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1178019503326773848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1178019503335162457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, companyId=1178019503326773848, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Information and Network Security, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1178019503343551066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, companyId=1178019503326773848, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国人民公安大学信息与网络安全学院, 北京 100038)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1178019504761225844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The three-party evolutionary game payoff tree when the rise of online violence public opinion in the self-media, figureFileSmall=8ntwwnifvqi4hc4OzNJWUw==, figureFileBig=wc6/0N7z6yaf1gXnnSVLiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019504819946101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图1, caption=自媒体中网络暴力舆论兴起时三方演化博弈收益树, figureFileSmall=8ntwwnifvqi4hc4OzNJWUw==, figureFileBig=wc6/0N7z6yaf1gXnnSVLiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019504891249270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Phase diagram of the strategy evolution in self-media, figureFileSmall=IyxQX+YWLVgdtTOQcV3vLQ==, figureFileBig=KFBoTa9vninanuZ5hYQsEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019504962552439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图2, caption=自媒体的策略演化相位图

Vs1表示x向1演化的空间,即自媒体选择{真实报道}策略的空间,该空间体积越大,则自媒体选择{真实报道}策略的概率越大;Vs2表示x向0演化的空间,即自媒体选择{不实报道}策略的空间,该空间体积越大,则自媒体选择{不实报道策略}的概率越大

, figureFileSmall=IyxQX+YWLVgdtTOQcV3vLQ==, figureFileBig=KFBoTa9vninanuZ5hYQsEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019505067410040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Phase diagram of the strategy evolution of netizens, figureFileSmall=iTKxyp1o303dUovHz0r8XQ==, figureFileBig=Wk8F49VupWLfsFyeIbITRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019505126130297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图3, caption=网民的策略演化相位图

VN1表示y向1演化的空间,即网民选择{正常网络行为}策略的空间,该空间体积越大,则网民选择{正常网络行为}策略的概率越大;VN2表示y向0演化的空间,即网民选择{攻击他人网络行为}策略的空间,该空间体积越大,则网民选择{攻击他人网络行为}策略的概率越大

, figureFileSmall=iTKxyp1o303dUovHz0r8XQ==, figureFileBig=Wk8F49VupWLfsFyeIbITRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019505184850554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Phase diagram of the strategy evolution for self-media platforms, figureFileSmall=hW5pTtM3juTuJsFpKJaKlA==, figureFileBig=nomFXTj+lo0+oZjCyxLVdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019507609158267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图4, caption=自媒体平台的策略演化相位图

VP1表示z向1演化的空间,即自媒体平台选择{强监管}策略的空间,该空间体积越大,则自媒体平台选择{强监管}策略的概率越大;VP2表示z向0演化的空间,即自媒体平台选择{弱监管}策略的空间,该空间体积越大,则自媒体平台选择{弱监管}策略的概率越大

, figureFileSmall=hW5pTtM3juTuJsFpKJaKlA==, figureFileBig=nomFXTj+lo0+oZjCyxLVdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019507688850044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Initial evolutionary path of the system, figureFileSmall=OLxowU0S7Rw4ACJXbEXDbw==, figureFileBig=QQwZsXtSDh6N39tG686SdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019507785319037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图5, caption=系统初始演化路径, figureFileSmall=OLxowU0S7Rw4ACJXbEXDbw==, figureFileBig=QQwZsXtSDh6N39tG686SdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019507860816510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Impact of system initial value changes on evolutionary results, figureFileSmall=o9fhQyc76EgPo5EM94qfYw==, figureFileBig=i4K1Jaiesq6yJWxTO2HGNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019507927925375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图6, caption=系统初值变动对演化结果的影响

pt分别为演化概率和时间

, figureFileSmall=o9fhQyc76EgPo5EM94qfYw==, figureFileBig=i4K1Jaiesq6yJWxTO2HGNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508011811456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Impact of average attrition rate on the evolutionary outcomes of the three parties, figureFileSmall=xSttqd1/u5Qddo8QGIJkeA==, figureFileBig=+YJhGbY6e6jQL0cnz2zV8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508091503233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图7, caption=平均流失率对三方演化结果的影响

a为平均流失率

, figureFileSmall=xSttqd1/u5Qddo8QGIJkeA==, figureFileBig=+YJhGbY6e6jQL0cnz2zV8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508150223490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Impact of netizens' sense of gain from participating in online public opinion on the strategies of the three parties, figureFileSmall=VY+WGCOtJoJHGsuvFC36zw==, figureFileBig=TUpsSULtFNzpFgjMlAS1mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508229915267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图8, caption=网民参与网络舆论获得感对三方策略的影响

g为网民获得感

, figureFileSmall=VY+WGCOtJoJHGsuvFC36zw==, figureFileBig=TUpsSULtFNzpFgjMlAS1mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508292829828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Impact of punishment under strict platform regulation on the evolutionary outcomes of the tripartite parties, figureFileSmall=NO9QZtOKl2gXLv08INqjfg==, figureFileBig=OLTKBHvh2YJVL/SykZjVMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508347355781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图9, caption=平台强监管下惩罚对三方演化结果的影响

K为强监管下的惩罚

, figureFileSmall=NO9QZtOKl2gXLv08INqjfg==, figureFileBig=OLTKBHvh2YJVL/SykZjVMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508418658950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Impact of network order optimization factors on the evolutionary outcomes of the tripartite parties, figureFileSmall=fL3mTyjFcwHYBsdkYPsIHQ==, figureFileBig=pBxtBgbUUCdTZLuRrOKPeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508498350727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图10, caption=网络秩序优化因子对三方演化结果的影响

β为网络秩序优化因子

, figureFileSmall=fL3mTyjFcwHYBsdkYPsIHQ==, figureFileBig=pBxtBgbUUCdTZLuRrOKPeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508565459592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Impact of the reputation benefits of platforms adopting strict regulatory strategies on the strategies of the tripartite parties, figureFileSmall=+3sVlu6UTC9dPa4gwvTplw==, figureFileBig=KXBLXQ2OI3wCE2o3ae+O/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508628374153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=图11, caption=平台采取强监管策略的声誉收益对三方策略的影响

R为声誉收益

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C2为执行成本

, figureFileSmall=2q3CKyuyAN+G19hTWNJMAw==, figureFileBig=IBFFrM6rpMaXHvn3w2Fe2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178019508825506444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Stability analysis of pure strategy equilibrium points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 特征值 稳定条件
E1(0,0,0) λ1=θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=C1+-δg
λ3=2R++-C2
bf>L+abf,δg>C1+C2>2R++同时满足,ESS
E2(1,0,0) λ1=-θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=C1+-δg
λ3=2R+-C2
bf<L+abf,δg>C1+C2>2R+同时满足,ESS
E3(0,1,0) λ1=θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δL-C1
λ3=2R+-C2
bf>L+abf,δg<C1+C2>2R+同时满足,ESS
E4(0,0,1) λ1=θ(K++abf-bf)
λ2=C1++δLβ-δg
λ3=C2-2R--
bf>K++abf,δg>C1++δLβC2<2R++同时满足,ESS
E5(1,1,0) λ1=-θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δL-C1
λ3=2R-C2
bf<L+abf,δg<C1+C2>2R同时满足,ESS
E6(1,0,1) λ1=-θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δL-C1
λ3=2R-C2
bf<L+abf,δg>C1++LβδC2<2R+同时满足,ESS
E7(0,1,1) λ1=θ(K++abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δK-δLβ-C1
λ3=C2--2R
bf>K++abf,δg<C1++δLβC2<2R+同时满足,ESS
E8(1,1,1) λ1=-θ(K++abf-bf)λ2=δg--Lβδ-C1
λ3=C2-2R
bf<K++abf,δg<C1++LβδC2<2R同时满足,ESS
), ArticleFig(id=1178019508896809613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纯策略均衡点稳定性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 特征值 稳定条件
E1(0,0,0) λ1=θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=C1+-δg
λ3=2R++-C2
bf>L+abf,δg>C1+C2>2R++同时满足,ESS
E2(1,0,0) λ1=-θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=C1+-δg
λ3=2R+-C2
bf<L+abf,δg>C1+C2>2R+同时满足,ESS
E3(0,1,0) λ1=θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δL-C1
λ3=2R+-C2
bf>L+abf,δg<C1+C2>2R+同时满足,ESS
E4(0,0,1) λ1=θ(K++abf-bf)
λ2=C1++δLβ-δg
λ3=C2-2R--
bf>K++abf,δg>C1++δLβC2<2R++同时满足,ESS
E5(1,1,0) λ1=-θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δL-C1
λ3=2R-C2
bf<L+abf,δg<C1+C2>2R同时满足,ESS
E6(1,0,1) λ1=-θ(L+abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δL-C1
λ3=2R-C2
bf<L+abf,δg>C1++LβδC2<2R+同时满足,ESS
E7(0,1,1) λ1=θ(K++abf-bf)
λ2=δg-δK-δLβ-C1
λ3=C2--2R
bf>K++abf,δg<C1++δLβC2<2R+同时满足,ESS
E8(1,1,1) λ1=-θ(K++abf-bf)λ2=δg--Lβδ-C1
λ3=C2-2R
bf<K++abf,δg<C1++LβδC2<2R同时满足,ESS
), ArticleFig(id=1178019508976501390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Simulation parameter assignment for the tripartite game in stability results E8(1,1,1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 f b a C1 C2 e g
数值 1×104 1×10-3 0.4 5 50 2 20
参数 δ β θ K R P L
数值 0.4 1.5 0.8 10 30 100 8
), ArticleFig(id=1178019509043610255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608407425657, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

稳定性结果E8(1,1,1)的三方博弈仿真参数赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 f b a C1 C2 e g
数值 1×104 1×10-3 0.4 5 50 2 20
参数 δ β θ K R P L
数值 0.4 1.5 0.8 10 30 100 8
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自媒体下网络暴力舆论形成初期的三方演化博弈分析
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梁家杰 , 卜凡亮 * , 李嘉
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(16): 6850-6861
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(16): 6850-6861
自媒体下网络暴力舆论形成初期的三方演化博弈分析
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梁家杰 , 卜凡亮* , 李嘉
作者信息
  • 中国人民公安大学信息与网络安全学院, 北京 100038
  • 梁家杰(1998—),男,汉族,广东云浮人,硕士研究生。研究方向:网络舆论。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 卜凡亮(1965—),男,汉族,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:信息技术。E-mail:
An Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Tripartite Dynamics in the Formation of Online Violence Public Opinion under Self-media
Jia-jie LIANG , Fan-liang BU* , Jia LI
Affiliations
  • College of Information and Network Security, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404230
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为更好地应对自媒体时代下网络舆论失控导致的网络暴力事件发生,网络平台在网络暴力舆论形成演化初期参与决策,可有效防止网络暴力舆论的形成。首先,基于网络暴力的诱发行为并考虑到平台、自媒体、网民内部自净化作用,界定了三者在网络暴力舆论形成初期的自治行为的成本和收益。其次,构建了“平台-自媒体-网民”三方演化博弈模型,并分析各主体的行为及其演化博弈稳定策略。最后,利用MATLAB进行数值仿真实验,验证模型及演化结果的准确性,为了进一步揭示影响这些各方合作的因素,探讨各方初始合作意愿与相关参数对系统的影响。仿真结果表明:网络平台采取强监管策略导向明晰,能有效增强自媒体与网民的合作意愿,有效遏制网络暴力舆论形成。

自媒体  /  网络舆论  /  网络暴力  /  演化博弈  /  仿真分析

In order to better address incidents of online violence resulting from uncontrolled public opinion in the era of self-media, network platforms are involved in decision-making during the early stages of online violence opinion formation. This can effectively prevent the formation of online violence opinions. Firstly, based on the inducement behaviors of online violence and considering the internal self-purification effects among platforms, self-media, and netizens, the costs and benefits of their autonomous behaviors during the initial stages of online violence opinion formation were defined. Next, a “platform-self-media-netizen” three-party evolutionary game model was constructed, and the behaviors of each subject and their evolutionary stable strategies were analyzed. Finally, numerical simulation experiments were conducted using MATLAB to verify the accuracy of the model and evolutionary results. To further reveal the factors influencing the cooperation among these parties, the impact of their initial cooperation willingness and related parameters on the system was explored. Simulation results show that a strong regulatory strategy adopted by network platforms, with clear guidance, can effectively enhance the cooperation willingness of self-media and netizens, effectively curbing the formation of online violence opinions.

self-media  /  online public opinion  /  online violence  /  evolutionary game  /  simulation analysis
梁家杰, 卜凡亮, 李嘉. 自媒体下网络暴力舆论形成初期的三方演化博弈分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6850 -6861 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404230
Jia-jie LIANG, Fan-liang BU, Jia LI. An Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Tripartite Dynamics in the Formation of Online Violence Public Opinion under Self-media[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6850 -6861 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404230
自媒体平台已成为了广大网民获取资讯、理解时事以及表达个人观点的关键渠道。然而,自媒体[1]的自由性、开放性和强互动性也带来了一系列的问题,其中舆论失控导致网络暴力频发问题尤为凸显。
自媒体信息传播展现出传统媒体所不具备的新特性,文字、视频等信息如同光速一般,瞬间传递至全国乃至全球范围[2]。自媒体已经成为一股独特的力量,他们凭借大量粉丝拥有较大影响力,引导公众舆论导向,尤其在公共事件中扮演着意见领袖的角色,对事态的发展产生决定性影响,在很大程度上决定了网络舆论是进一步异化成为网络暴力,还是维持在理性层面的讨论。如何正确监管自媒体、有效治理网络暴力行为已成为国家治理体系和治理能力建设过程中亟待解决的问题。进化博弈论是现代博弈论的重要领域[3],它有效描述了真实的世界中广泛的复杂策略互动和决策过程,克服了完全理性博弈分析脱离实际的情况,该理论在各个领域的广泛应用,如交通运输[4-6]、环境政策[7-9]和谣言治理[10-12]。当前,学者们运用演化博弈理论来研究网络舆论的演化以及监管引导等方面。为了建立一个健康的网络环境,仅依靠单方面的力量是远远不够的,需要多方合作。郭庆松等[13]构建了网络平台与网民的两方演化博弈模型,分析了在有平台惩罚机制和无平台惩罚机制监管下网民群体间的博弈关系。Chen等[10]建立了“媒体-网民-政府”三方随机演化博弈模型,定量分析随机演化过程以及通过调整关键参数得到的政府干预时机,为政府干预热点话题传播提供最佳时机和建议。Zhang等[14]构建一个基于网络媒体、网民、政府的网络舆论演化模型,并分析其稳定策略及其影响因素。Sun等[15]聚焦自媒体这一关键信息渠道,基于复杂网络与进化博弈论提出自媒体信息传播行为演化模型。莫祖英等[16]利用演化博弈理论构建了社交媒体虚假信息自净化的三方动态博弈模型,强调了知情者相较于意见领袖在提供真实信息、促进虚假信息自净化中的核心作用。
综上可知,前人研究主要聚焦于网民、网络媒体、网络平台和政府等主体中的两方或三方的博弈关系,但是鲜有将自媒体视为独立主体进行研究,以及从网络暴力诱发行为[17](自媒体新闻不实报道、不当评论等)来反向探究网络舆论正确引导。鉴于此,聚焦自媒体环境下网络暴力舆论的初始形成阶段,构建一个涵盖自媒体、网民及监管平台三者互动关系的博弈模型,该模型将自媒体作为独立的主体进行研究,探讨网络暴力诱发行为对舆论导向的潜在影响,以及监管平台在舆论形成初期应采取的有效介入策略。旨在为有效应对和治理网络暴力现象提供科学的理论依据和实践指导,以期构建一个更加健康、理性的网络环境。
自媒体凭借其灵敏度更高,自主性更强的特点,往往成为突发公共事件初始阶段新闻信息的首要来源,正是因为如此,自媒体对许多公共事件的报道,会在极大程度上影响社会公众对事件的初次认知。自媒体可采取的策略有真实报道和违规报道,对应的概率记为x(0≤x≤1)和(1-x)。网民选择参与网络舆情事件,需要付出时间和精力,但会得到个人获得感。对于网民可选择的策略有正常网络行为和采取攻击受害者网络行为,对应的概率记为y(0≤y≤1)和(1-y)。平台对自媒体和网民的行为有监管的职责,强监管和弱监管策略选择的概率记为z(0≤z≤1)和(1-z)。
假设1 对于自媒体而言,若自媒体新闻真实报道,那么其获得流量记为f,此时自媒体的收益为bf,其中b为单位流量的平均变现收益;若自媒体新闻违规报道,可以短期新增更多的流量,此处引新闻报道违规因子θ(0≤θ≤1)表示其对流量的正向影响,其中新增流量记为θf,此时自媒体流量增加收益为θbf。然而,这一过程中伴随着部分流量流失,假设aθf最终流量流失,则相应地产生的损失为aθbf。不失一般性,因正常情况下存在自然的流失率a0,为了简单化模型,令其为0。于是,进一步界定参数a(0≤a≤1),用以表示自媒体违规报道新增流量的平均流失率。
假设2 对于网民而言,如果其策略选择正常网络行为,此时网民在参与网络舆论的获得感,记为g;如果网民受到自媒体新闻违规报道的影响,化身网络“网络判官”,采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略,此时网民所花费的时间、精力成本记为C1以及攻击受害者新增获得感记为δg,其中δ(0≤δ≤1)为网络攻击因子。同样地,网民的攻击行为会造成自媒体aδf的流量损失,记自媒体造成损失为aδbf。此外,网民采取攻击受害者行为往往能提高相关自媒体的热度,并为自媒体带来潜在的收益eδf(其中e为网民攻击行为为自媒体带来的流量系数),如导流更多的潜在网民成为其粉丝。
假设3 对于自媒体平台而言,其本身的收益为P。执行强监管策略需对自媒体和网民行为进行监管和信息甄别,其执行成本记为C2然而,由于良好的网络平台环境,执行强监管策略会给自媒体平台带来潜在的声誉收益R。同时,当平台执行强监管策略时,不仅会对那些新闻违规报道的自媒体及采取攻击行为攻击受害者的网民施以罚款K,而且使这两方承受可能的名誉损害βL。其中L表示在平台监管较宽松情境下,自媒体因违规发布新闻及网民采取攻击性网络行为而自担的风险与潜在损失;而β(1≤β≤2)表示平台强化监管举措可能对自媒体行业规范化带来的正面预期效应(以下简称为“网络秩序优化因子”)。因此,平台需要权衡其决策带来的收益与成本,以制定最为合适的策略。
综合以上分析,自媒体、网民和平台三方演化博弈模型的收益结构可以借助收益树(图1)来具象化,其中自媒体、网民、平台在不同策略下的收益分别用USUNUP表示。
图1所示的收益树可以求出自媒体在不同策略下的期望收益。用ES1ES2分别表示自媒体新闻真实报道与违规报道策略下的期望收益,其平均期望收益用 E ¯ S表示,则有
$\begin{aligned} E_{\mathrm{S} 1}= & y z b f+y(1-z) b f+ \\ & (1-y) z[1+(e-a) \delta] b f+ \\ & (1-y)(1-z)[1+(e-a) \delta] b f \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} E_{\mathrm{S} 2}= & y z[(1+\theta-\theta a) b f-\theta K-\theta \beta L]+ \\ & y(1-z)[(1+\theta-\theta a) b f-\theta L]+ \\ & (1-y) z[(1+\theta-\theta a+\delta e-\delta a) b f- \\ & \theta K-\theta \beta L]+(1-y)(1-z)[(1+\theta- \\ & \theta a+\delta e-\delta a) b f-\theta L] \end{aligned}$
E ¯ S=xES1+(1-x)ES2
由式(1)~式(3),可以求得自媒体的复制动态方程F(x)以及 d F ( x ) d x,分别表示为
$\begin{aligned} F(x) & =\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{~d} t}=x\left(E_{\mathrm{S} 1}-\bar{E}_{\mathrm{S}}\right) \\ & =x(1-x)\left(E_{\mathrm{S} 1}-E_{\mathrm{S} 2}\right) \\ & =\theta x(1-x)(K z+\beta L z-L z+L+a b f-b f) \end{aligned}$
d F ( x ) d x=(1-2x)(Kz+βLz-Lz+L+abf-bf)θ
G(z)=Kz+βLx-Lz+L+abf-bf,基于微分方程稳定性定理,自媒体采取新闻真实报道策略的概率处于稳定状态需要满足条件:F(x)=0且 d F ( x ) d x<0,由G( z 1 *)=0,可得
z 1 *= b f - a b f - L K + β L - L
命题1 ①当z= z 1 *时,x均为稳定状态;②当z< z 1 *时,x=0为演化博弈稳定策略;③z> z 1 *时,x=1为演化博弈稳定策略。
证明:由dG(z)/dz>0得,G(z)为单调递增.当z= z 1 *时,G(z)=0,F(x)≡0且F'(x)≡0,表明x均为稳定状态;当z< z 1 *时,G(z)<0,F(x) x = 0=0且F'(x) x = 0<0,故x=0为演化博弈稳定策略;当z> z 1 *时,G(z)>0,F(x) x = 1=0且F'(x) x = 1<0,故x=1为演化博弈稳定策略。
命题1表明,自媒体的决策显然受平台监管情况的影响:当平台监管概率为某一特定阈值时,自媒体的策略倾向于保持不变,如图2(a)所示。然而,如果平台强监管的概率较低时,即宽松的监管环境中,自媒体可能会倾向于采取更为冒险的策略。这是因为自媒体可能认为违规报道新闻的风险较低,而潜在的利益却可能更高。因此,他们更可能选择新闻违规报道作为其主要策略,以此来吸引更多的关注度和流量,如图2(b)所示。相反,当平台强监管的概率较高时,自媒体会面临更为严格的监管环境。在这种情况下,自媒体会更加谨慎地采取策略,以避免触犯平台的规则并受到相应的处罚。因此,他们更可能选择新闻真实报道作为其主要策略,以确保其内容的准确性和可靠性,从而维护其声誉和公信力,如图2(c)所示。
由收益树(图1)可以求出网民在不同策略下的期望收益。用EN1EN2分别表示网民采取正常网络行为与攻击受害者网络行为策略下的期望收益,其平均期望收益用 E ¯ N表示,则有
EN1=g
$\begin{aligned} E_{\mathrm{N} 2}= & x z\left[(1+\delta) g-\delta K-\delta \beta L-C_{1}\right]+ \\ & x(1-z)\left[(1+\delta) g-\delta L-C_{1}\right]+ \\ & (1-x) z\left[(1+\delta) g-\delta K-\delta \beta L-C_{1}\right]+ \\ & (1-x)(1-z)\left[(1+\delta) g-\delta L-C_{1}\right] \end{aligned}$
E ¯ N=xEN1+(1-x)EN2
由式(7)~式(9)可以求得网民的复制动态方程F(y)以及 d F ( y ) d y分别为
$\begin{aligned} F(y)= & \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{~d} t}=y\left(E_{N 1}-\overline{E}_{N}\right) \\ = & y(1-y)\left(E_{N 1}-E_{N 2}\right) \\ = & y(1-y)(L \delta \beta z+\delta K z-L \delta z+L \delta+ C_{1}-\delta g) \end{aligned}$
d F ( y ) d y=(1-2y)(Lδβz+δKz-Lδz+Lδ+C1-δg)
H(z)=Lδβz+δKz-Lδz++C1-δg,基于微分方程稳定性定理,网民采取正常网络行为策略的概率处于稳定状态需要满足条件:F(y)=0且 d F ( y ) d y<0,有H( z 2 *)=0,可得
z 2 *= δ g - L δ - C 1 L δ β + δ K - L δ
命题2 ①当z= z 2 *时,y均为稳定状态;②当z< z 2 *时,y=0为演化博弈稳定策略;③z> z 2 *时,y=1为演化博弈稳定策略。
证明: d H ( z ) d z=Lδβ+δK->0知,H(z)为单调递增.z= z 2 *时,H(z)=0,F(y)≡0且F'(y)≡0,表明y均为稳定状态;当z< z 2 *时,H(z)<0,F(y) y = 0=0且F'(y) y = 0<0,故y=0为演化博弈稳定策略;当z> z 2 *时,H(z)>0,F(y) y = 1=0且F'(y) y = 1<0,故y=1为演化博弈稳定策略。
命题2表明,网民的决策受平台的监管情况的影响:当平台监管概率为某一特定阈值时,网民的策略保持不变,如图3(a)所示。然而,当自媒体平台强监管概率较低时,即平台监管力度宽松时,网民倾向于采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略,如图3(b)所示,这是因为他们可能认为在这样的环境下,即使自己的行为有所越界,也不太可能受到平台的惩罚或制裁;相反,当自媒体平台强监管概率较高时,即平台监管力度大时,网民倾向于正常的网络行为策略,如图3(c)所示,他们可能会避免发表攻击性的言论,以免触犯平台的规则并受到相应的惩罚。这种情境下的网民行为更加规范和有序,有助于维护网络环境的健康与稳定,并且其行为是可控制和预期的。
图1所示的收益树,可以求出自媒体平台在不同策略下的期望收益。用EP1EP2分别表示平台采取强监管和弱监管策略下的期望收益,其平均期望收益用 E ¯ P表示,则有
$\begin{aligned} E_{\mathrm{P} 1}= & x y\left(P+2 R-C_{2}\right)+ \\ & x(1-y)\left[P+(2-\delta) R+\delta K-C_{2}\right]+ \\ & (1-x) y\left[P+(2-\theta) R+\theta K-C_{2}\right]+ \\ & (1-x)(1-y)[P+(2-\delta-\theta) R+ \\ & \left.(\delta+\theta) K-C_{2}\right] \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} E_{\mathrm{P} 2}= & x y P+x(1-y)(P-\delta R)+ \\ & (1-x) y(P-\theta R)+ \\ & (1-x)(1-y)[P-(\theta+\delta) R] \end{aligned}$
E ¯ P=xEP1+(1-x)EP2
由式(13)~式(15)可以求得平台的复制动态方程F(z)以及 d F ( z ) d z分别为
$\begin{aligned} F(z) & =\frac{\mathrm{d} z}{\mathrm{~d} t}=z\left(E_{P 1}-\overline{E}_{P}\right)=z(1-z)\left(E_{P 1}-E_{P 2}\right) \\ & =z(1-z)\left(-K \theta x-K \delta y+2 R+K \delta+K \theta-C_{2}\right) \end{aligned}$
d F ( z ) d z=(1-2z)(-Kθx-Kδy+2R+Kδ+Kθ-C2)
I(y)=-Kθx-Kδy+2R++-C2。基于微分方程稳定性定理,自媒体平台采取强监管策略的概率处于稳定状态需要满足条件:F(z)=0且 d F ( z ) d z<0。为了方便讨论,由I(y)=0可知:y*= 2 R + K δ + K θ - C 2 - K θ x K δ,令I(y) y = 0=0得到x*= 2 R + K δ + K θ - C 2 K θ
命题3 如果x>x*,z=0恒为演化博弈稳定策略;如果x<x*,则有:①当y=y*时,z均为稳定状态;②当y<y*时,z=1为演化博弈稳定策略;③当y>y*时,z=0为演化博弈稳定策略。
证明: d I ( y ) d y=-Kδy<0知,I(y)为单调递减。若x>x*,则y*<0,当y∈[0,1]时,I(y)<0成立,此时F(z) z = 0=0且F'(z) z = 0<0,所以z=0恒为演化博弈稳定策略。若x<x*,则当y=y*时,I(y)=0,F(z)≡0且F'(z) z = 0=0,表明z均为稳定状态;当y<y*,I(y)>0,F(z) z = 1=0且F'(z) z = 1<0,故z=1为演化博弈稳定策略;当y>y*,I(y)<0,F(z) z = 0=0且F'(z) z = 0<0,故z=0为演化博弈稳定策略。
命题3表明,当自媒体新闻真实性得到保证时,不论网民采取何种策略,平台更加倾向于实施较为宽松的监管策略(即弱监管)。当自媒体新闻违规概率较为高时,平台的监管策略会根据网民的具体策略动态调整:如果网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略的概率为特定阈值时,平台监管策略保持不变,如图4(a)所示。然而,当网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略的概率较低时,平台监管策略倾向于采取宽松的监管策略,如图4(b)所示。当网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略的概率较高时,平台监管策略倾向于采取强监管,如图4(c)所示。自媒体和网民的违规行为概率较高时会促使平台选择强监管策略,因为此时平台若采取弱监管策略将会有较多潜在的声誉受损,从而失去相应的市场份额,并且强监管对自媒体和网民的惩罚和声誉收益可以补贴其执行强监管成本支出。
在非对称动态博弈的复杂环境中,混合策略均衡不等同于演化稳定均衡[18],因此,分析演化博弈系统的纯策略均衡点。由F(x)=0,F(y)=0,F(z)=0,可得演化博弈系统中存在的8个纯策略均衡点,分别为E1(0,0,0),E2(1,0,0),E3(0,1,0),E4(0,0,1),E5(1,1,0),E6(1,0,1),E7(0,1,1),E8(1,1,1)。Lyapunov间接法[19]是动力系统稳定性分析的一种方法,它通过考察系统在某均衡点附近的线性化系统的雅可比矩阵的特征值来判断该均衡点的稳定性。则其Jacobian矩阵为
J= J 11 0 J 13 0 J 22 J 23 J 31 J 32 J 33
式(18)中:
J 11 = θ ( 1 - 2 x ) ( L + K z - L z - b f + β L z + a b f ) ; J 13 = θ x ( 1 - x ) ( K + β L - L ) ; J 22 = ( 1 - y ) ( C 1 + L δ + K δ z + β L δ z - L δ z - δ g ) ; J 23 = y ( 1 - y ) ( K δ + β L δ - L δ ) ; J 31 = K θ z ( z - 1 ) ; J 32 = K δ z ( z - 1 ) ; J 33 = ( 2 z - 1 ) ( C 2 - 2 R - K δ - K θ + K δ y + K θ x )
根据式(18),对于纯策略均衡点的稳定性分析如表1所示。
情形1bf>L+abf,δg>C1+C2>2R++同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E1(0,0,0)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻违规报道,采取攻击受害者网络行为,弱监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形1表明,自媒体下发生网络舆论时,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益大于其因网民取关的损失成本与其名誉损害之和,自媒体更加倾向于新闻违规报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所新增获得感大于其所花费的精力、时间成本与其个人名誉损害之和时,网民更加倾向采取攻击受害者的网络行为策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本大于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于采取弱监管策略。此时,自媒体新闻违规报道,网民采取攻击受害者网络行为以及平台消极处置,处于网络暴力舆论最混乱的时期,严重危害网络空间良好的生态环境。
情形2bf<L+abf,δg>C1+C2>2R+同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E2(1,0,0)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻真实报道,采取攻击受害者网络行为,弱监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形2表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益小于其因网民取关的损失成本与其名誉损害之和,自媒体更加倾向于新闻真实报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所增加的获得感大于其所花费的精力、时间成本与其个人名誉损害之和时,网民更加倾向采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本大于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于采取弱监管策略。此时,自媒体新闻真实报道,但网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的情况依然存在以及平台对网民违规行为消极处置。
情形3bf>L+abf,δg<C1+C2>2R+同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E3(0,1,0)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻违规报道,正常网络行为,弱监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形3表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益大于其因网民取关的损失成本与其名誉损害之和,自媒体更加倾向于新闻违规报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所增加的获得感小于其所花费的精力、时间成本与其个人名誉损害之和时,网民更加倾向采取正常网络行为策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本大于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于采取弱监管策略。此时,自媒体新闻违规报道情况依然存在以及平台对自媒体违规行为消极处置。
情形4bf>K++abf,δg>C1++δLβC2<2R++同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E4(0,0,1)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻违规报道,采取攻击受害者网络行为,强监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形4表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益大于其因网民取关的损失成本、平台强监管下其名誉损害与平台惩罚损失三者之和时,自媒体更加倾向于新闻违规报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所增加的获得感大于其所花费的精力、时间成本、平台强监管下其个人名誉损害与平台惩罚损失之和时,网民更加倾向采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本小于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于强监管策略。在当前情形下,对于平台而言,尽管已经实施了严格的监管策略,但似乎尚未能够有效净化网络环境。为了改变这一状况,有必要进一步提高违规成本,通过加大对违规行为的惩处力度,才能有望实现网络环境的根本性好转。
情形5bf<L+abf,δg<C1+C2>2R同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E5(1,1,0)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻真实报道,正常网络行为,弱监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形5表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益小于其因网民取关的损失成本与其名誉损害之和,自媒体更加倾向于新闻真实报道策略;对于网民而言,当网民在舆情中采取网络攻击行为所增加的获得感小于其所花费的精力、时间成本与其个人名誉损害之和时,网民更加倾向采取正常的网络行为;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本大于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于采取弱监管策略。然而此时,平台正处于一个无新闻违规报道和无网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的宁静期,无需承担额外成本,稳定而持续地发展。
情形6bf<L+abf,δg>C1++LβδC2<2R+同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E6(1,0,1)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻真实报道,采取攻击受害者网络行为,强监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形6表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益小于其因网民取关的损失成本与其名誉损害之和,自媒体更加倾向于新闻真实报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所增加的获得感大于其所花费的精力、时间成本、平台强监管下其个人名誉损害与平台惩罚损失之和时,网民更加倾向采取攻击受害者网络行为的策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本小于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于强监管策略。此时,针对网民采取攻击受害者网络行为,平台应加大惩处力度。
情形7bf>K++abf,δg<C1++δLβC2<2R+同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E7(0,1,1)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻违规报道,正常网络行为,强监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形7表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益大于其因网民取关的损失成本、平台强监管下其名誉损害与平台惩罚损失三者之和时,自媒体更加倾向于新闻违规报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所增加的获得感小于其所花费的精力、时间成本、平台强监管下其个人名誉损害与平台惩罚损失之和时,网民更加倾向采取正常网络行为策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本小于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于强监管策略。此时,针对自媒体新闻违规报道行为,平台应加大惩罚力度。
情形8bf<K++abf,δg<C1++LβδC2<2R同时满足,此时,det(J)<0和tr(J)<0。故E8(1,1,1)为系统的演化稳定点,即自媒体、网民和平台组合策略{新闻真实报道,正常网络行为,强监管}为该系统的演化博弈稳定策略。
情形8表明,对于自媒体而言,新增流量带来的收益小于其因网民取关的损失成本、平台强监管下其名誉损害与平台惩罚损失三者之和时,自媒体更加倾向于新闻真实报道策略;对于网民而言,采取攻击受害者网络行为所增加的获得感小于其所花费的精力、时间成本、平台强监管下其个人名誉损害与平台惩罚损失之和时,网民更加倾向采取正常网络行为策略;同样地,当平台采取强监管策略所花费的成本小于其额外收入(声誉收益和罚款收益)时,平台更加倾向于强监管策略。此时,系统可以达到理想演化稳定状态。
综合以上分析,从理论中证明系统可能达到的理想演化稳定状态条件。为此,利用MATLAB2023a软件进行一系列数值仿真实验,深入分析各关键因素对各参与主体策略选择的影响,进而促进系统向理想稳定状态演化。此外,鉴于目前自媒体领域中网络暴力舆论问题较为突出,因此设定的初始策略选择概率为x=0.4,y=0.4,z=0.4.同时,根据稳定性结果E8(1,1,1),对各参数的初始赋值如表2所示。
对系统初始演化路径进行仿真分析,其结果显示,三方演化博弈稳定性策略能达到E8(1,1,1),即自媒体、网民和平台三方博弈组合策略为{新闻真实报道,正常网络行为,强监管},此时属于系统理想演化稳定状态,如图5所示。
假设自媒体、网民、平台三方共同参与的动态博弈场景中,其初始策略选择概率x=y=z设定相同,其他参数配置参照表2,关于初始策略选择概率对系统演化影响的仿真结果如图6所示。可以看出,当始策略选择概率都为0.2时,处于较低水平时,(x,y,z)向均衡状态的收敛速度慢于初始策略倾向较高的,而且随着初始策略选择概率的提升,(x,y,z)最终收敛于(1,1,1),此时,组合策略为{新闻真实报道,正常网络行为,强监管}。在此过程中,相比较自媒体和平台策略意向,网民的积极参与意愿略低,且当平台监管松懈、自媒体新闻违规报道多的情况下,网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的“积极性”更高。这一结论与常识相符,因为当平台监管松懈、自媒体新闻违规报道行为较为普遍,即缺乏代价付出时,网民可能会将现实生活中的不满情绪转移到虚拟空间中释放。但随着自媒体和平台始策略选择概率为0.5或0.8时,(x,y,z)快速收敛于(1,1,1).这表明,参与主体明确的态度可以促成三方达成共识,而且随着平台始策略选择概率的增加,自媒体收敛速度要比网民的收敛速度更快。这可能是因为在平台强监管政策逐渐清晰的情况下,自媒体对平台依赖性高,配合度会比网民高。
为研究关键参数对到达稳定点E8(1,1,1)的影响,结合E8的稳定条件对系统相关参数进行敏感性分析,以寻求发现其最优的提升路径。在分析过程中,利用MATLAB进行实验,并且保持表2中的其他参数不变。
对平均流失率进行了敏感性分析,结果如图7所示。可以看出,随着平均流失率从0.2增加0.8,对网民和平台的策略和速度影响不大,但自媒体向均衡点的收敛速度会加快,表明平均流失率对自媒体向策略{新闻真实报道}演化是正向激励的。特别地,平均流失率的变动对自媒体影响尤为敏感,而对网民和平台的影响相对较小。在现实中,平均流失率可以被理解为网民对自媒体新闻违规报道的一种反击手段,即通过减少关注来表达对其不满和抵制。由于平均流失率对自媒体的影响较为敏感,当面临仅存在自媒体新闻违规报道的情况时,若权威媒体能揭露自媒体这些违规行为,将有效提高平均流失率参数的值,从而维护自媒体空间秩序。
对网民获得感g进行敏感性分析,仿真结果如图8所示。可以看出,随着获得感的提高,自媒体、平台二者的收敛速度无变化,而网民的收敛速度随之逐渐放缓。这表明获得感是对网民向策略{正常网络行为}演化是负向激励的。由于获得感仅对网民的影响较为敏感,所以当网民采取攻击受害者网络行为的情况较多时,可以适当地降低网民在网络舆论中的获得感来调整网民采取的策略。
分别对强监管下的惩罚K和网络秩序优化因子β进行敏感性分析,仿真结果显示,当惩罚和网络秩序优化因子分别增大时,虽然未改变自媒体、网民以及平台的最终演化策略,但三方的收敛速度都变得更快,如图9图10所示。这种变化表明在平台监管下,惩罚对向稳定点(1,1,1)演化时产生正向激励。由于惩罚K对三方的影响较为敏感,其敏感性:网民>自媒体>平台;而网络秩序优化因子β仅对自媒体和网民较为敏感其敏感性:网民>自媒体。因此,平台可以适当地加大惩罚力度和提高网络秩序优化因子的值,以改善其网络环境。
对声誉收益R进行了敏感性分析,结果如图11所示。可以看出,随着平台声誉收益的增加,自媒体、网民和平台三方的收敛速度更快,正向激励向稳定点(1,1,1)演化。同时,最终稳定策略发生了转变,从原本的{新闻真实报道,采取攻击受害者网络行为,弱监管}到现在的{新闻真实报道,正常网络行为,强监管}。这表明随着声誉收益的提高,平台更倾向于采取强监管策略,网民也逐渐减少攻击行为。由于声誉收益对三方的影响较为敏感,其敏感性:平台>网民>自媒体。政府可通过加大官方媒体披露力度和建立平台评价机制来增加平台的声誉收益,激励其采取强监管策略,从而促进网络环境的健康发展,提升社会公信力。
对执行成本C2进行了敏感性分析,仿真结果如图12所示。可以看出,随着执行成本C2的提高,自媒体、网民以及平台的收敛速度更缓慢。这表明,执行成本C2的增加对向稳定点(1,1,1)演化时产生负向激励,对达到稳定状态起到阻碍作用。同时,最终稳定策略发生了转变,从原本的{新闻真实报道,采取攻击受害者网络行为,弱监管}到现在的{新闻真实报道,正常网络行为,强监管}。不失一般性,平台是以追求利益的目的,当面临采取强监管策略的执行成本上升时,其策略倾向往往会向{弱监管}转移。即当监管成本超过预期收益时,平台倾向于减少投入,选择成本更低的监管方式。这种变化不仅影响平台自身的策略选择,也对自媒体和网民策略产生影响。由于成本C2对三方的影响较为敏感,其敏感性:平台>网民>自媒体。同样地,一方面除了通过加大官方媒体的披露力度和建立自媒体平台评价机制,另一方面可以根据其平台网络环境的优良给予相应的补贴。
在网络暴力舆论形成前,考虑到自媒体作为不可忽视的独立主体,因其扮演意见领袖的角色,可能涉及新闻违规报道问题(包括不实报道、不当评论等),这极易促使网民采取攻击受害者网络行为(包括但不限于侮辱谩骂、诽谤造谣及侵犯隐私),进而导致舆论环境的失控。通过构建以自媒体、网民和平台为主要参与者的三方博弈模型,深入分析影响自媒体中信息传播的关键要素,并探讨各参与主体行为及最终演化博弈稳定策略,并进行关键因素的敏感性分析,同时通过数值仿真分析,有效验证了相关命题。得出如下主要结论。
(1)参与主体明确的态度可以促成三方达成共识。当平台展现出积极的初始信号(强监管)时,会有效激发其他参与者的合作动力,且自媒体响应尤为迅速。即在平台强监管策略导向明晰的背景下,自媒体的遵从意愿比网民强。因此,平台强化监管的透明度与确定性,是促进各参与方积极协同的重要策略。
(2)单独调整平均流失率,只正面促进了自媒体策略的优化。相比之下,调整获得感,则主要从负面激励的角度影响网民的策略选择。此外,网络秩序优化因子的调整会对网民及自媒体策略两者均产生影响,而且均为正向激励作用。至于平台惩罚力度的调整,则对自媒体、网民及平台三方均施加了正面的激励影响,促进了整体策略向更优方向发展。
(3)相较于加大惩罚力度或减少执行强监管的成本,通过增加平台实行强监管的声誉收益,对缓解网络暴力舆论混乱状况产生的影响更为显著,是快速扭转这类局面的有效策略之一。
  • 中国人民公安大学双一流创新研究项目(2023SYL08)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404230
  • 接收时间:2024-06-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06
  • 修回日期:2025-03-03
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中国人民公安大学双一流创新研究项目(2023SYL08)
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    中国人民公安大学信息与网络安全学院, 北京 100038

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* 卜凡亮(1965—),男,汉族,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:信息技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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