Article(id=1149789608050909815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405643, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722009600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-27, revisedDate=1741708800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752060804616, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752060804616, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752060804616, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752060804616, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6913, endPage=6921, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149789608315150968, articleId=1149789608050909815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Influence of Internal Support Layout on Deformation of Deep Foundation Pit, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In deep foundation pit engineering, the support form of “bored pile + internal support” is often used for foundation pit support, but the support effect of different support arrangements on the foundation pit is different. Relying on a foundation pit project in a fast-track reconstruction and expansion project in Changzhi City, ABAQUS was used to numerically simulate the whole process of excavation of different steel support layout schemes, and the influence of different internal support layout schemes on the settlement of the surface soil around the excavation of the foundation pit, the horizontal displacement of the supporting structure and the uplift of the bottom of the foundation pit were analyzed, and then the reliability of the model was verified by combining the field monitoring results. The results show that the numerical simulation results can accurately reflect the deformation law and characteristics of the foundation pit in the process of excavation and support. When the depth of the internal support arrangement is small, it has a good control effect on the maximum horizontal displacement of the supporting pile and the surface settlement outside the pit. When the depth of the internal support arrangement is large, the maximum uplift at the bottom of the pit has a certain control effect. Increasing the number of internal supports has different effects on reducing the maximum horizontal displacement of the supporting pile and the maximum uplift at the bottom of the pit.

, correspAuthors=Zi-hong YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cheng-zhi YANG, Zi-hong YIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149789634433081596, articleId=1149789608050909815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=内支撑布置对深基坑变形的影响, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在深基坑工程中,常采用“钻孔灌注桩+内支撑”的支护形式进行基坑支护,但不同的支撑布置对基坑的支护效果不同。依托长治市某快速通道改扩建工程中一个基坑工程,利用ABAQUS对不同的钢支撑布置方案进行开挖全过程数值模拟,分析不同内支撑布置方案对基坑开挖周边地表土体的沉降、支护结构水平位移以及基坑坑底隆起的影响,并结合现场监测结果,对模型的可靠性进行验证。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果能够比较准确地反映基坑开挖支护过程中基坑的变形规律和特性;内支撑布置深度较小时,对支护桩最大水平位移和坑外地表沉降有较好的控制效果;内支撑布置深度较大时,对坑底最大隆起有一定的控制效果;增加内支撑的数量对减小支护桩最大水平位移和坑底最大隆起有不同程度的效果。

, correspAuthors=尹紫红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 尹紫红(1971—),男,汉族,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=I1T452AloVuz0LocIZT6Ow==, magXml=JXPMWmQl7WOZcc9YQ17gag==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YzdYEk0mSjQnvYrkVMs3jA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=p+0xwftvNwfEppvkEW28ZQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨承志(2000—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:

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杨承志(2000—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:

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杨承志(2000—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=深基坑工程), Keyword(id=1177977406045434682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=内支撑布置), Keyword(id=1177977406108349243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=数值模拟), Keyword(id=1177977406183846716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=现场监测), Keyword(id=1177977406255149885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=变形特性)], refs=[Reference(id=1177977409300214627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=99, pageEnd=102, url=null, 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Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177977409174385506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, awardId=2023NSFSC0380, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0380), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177977405042996007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977405051384616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, companyId=1177977405042996007, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977405059773225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, 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figureFileSmall=8eqMOzNIdGFi30AkK6Yhdw==, figureFileBig=rd6Eko0EESA1ktH8ypSt+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977406615860033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图2, caption=无支撑坑外地表沉降曲线, figureFileSmall=8eqMOzNIdGFi30AkK6Yhdw==, figureFileBig=rd6Eko0EESA1ktH8ypSt+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977406724911938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Horizontal displacement curves of support pile without internal support, figureFileSmall=W32fb7OqE7pNWRWfLMwEmg==, figureFileBig=1I3Afka5p+YUAF6ebDRdvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977406800409411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图3, caption=无支撑支护桩水平位移曲线, figureFileSmall=W32fb7OqE7pNWRWfLMwEmg==, figureFileBig=1I3Afka5p+YUAF6ebDRdvw==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图5, caption=一道支撑坑外地表沉降曲线, figureFileSmall=ppiQnypW9jZ56i8cWoigcg==, figureFileBig=0mD3jm7WeBBdz97pTI6N7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407144342344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Horizontal displacement curves of support pile with one internal support, figureFileSmall=6brvz++LOS76FQjauyh/1w==, figureFileBig=DBlye4wpt+sFY68oYcn88A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407215645513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图6, caption=一道支撑支护桩水平位移曲线, figureFileSmall=6brvz++LOS76FQjauyh/1w==, figureFileBig=DBlye4wpt+sFY68oYcn88A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407291142986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Bottom uplift curves ofpit with one internal support, figureFileSmall=sTpJECMtvbv/ABy8jEARPg==, figureFileBig=cUsP8VTTW33W0Yctk4RNBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407349863243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图7, caption=一道支撑坑底隆起曲线, figureFileSmall=sTpJECMtvbv/ABy8jEARPg==, figureFileBig=cUsP8VTTW33W0Yctk4RNBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407421166412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Surface settlement curves of pit with two internal supports, figureFileSmall=nrMeybasy5hnPJ2B9Fb1ig==, figureFileBig=eaVbwaL1m/i3aC2dSboTMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407496663885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图8, caption=两道支撑坑外地表沉降曲线, figureFileSmall=nrMeybasy5hnPJ2B9Fb1ig==, figureFileBig=eaVbwaL1m/i3aC2dSboTMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407580549966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Horizontal displacement curves of support pile with two internal supports, figureFileSmall=ggT3Ixx3UfY36BZqSnGCdg==, figureFileBig=Rm4N+WaCahvhxZXMFz8vVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407639270223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图9, caption=两道支撑支护桩水平位移曲线, figureFileSmall=ggT3Ixx3UfY36BZqSnGCdg==, figureFileBig=Rm4N+WaCahvhxZXMFz8vVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407697990480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Bottom uplift curves of pit with two internal supports, figureFileSmall=dVK2dCiNhjkD6JxGypsP5g==, figureFileBig=aIJZ9kl5ZCE4lUiAAqIJ/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407765099345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图10, caption=两道支撑坑底隆起曲线, figureFileSmall=dVK2dCiNhjkD6JxGypsP5g==, figureFileBig=aIJZ9kl5ZCE4lUiAAqIJ/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407823819602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Surface settlement curves of pit with three internal supports, figureFileSmall=ygsjkJ8NunCzcOGo6f4Wog==, figureFileBig=8PxeZmhdXl3ET97vMWlTrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407907705683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图11, caption=三道支撑坑外地表沉降, figureFileSmall=ygsjkJ8NunCzcOGo6f4Wog==, figureFileBig=8PxeZmhdXl3ET97vMWlTrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977407970620244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Horizontal displacement curves of support pile with three internal supports, figureFileSmall=D26IPHtB8u578Sfwz5e/4g==, figureFileBig=X43bzboAySu6BmvgjgkLnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977408025146197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图12, caption=三道支撑支护桩水平位移, figureFileSmall=D26IPHtB8u578Sfwz5e/4g==, figureFileBig=X43bzboAySu6BmvgjgkLnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977408079672150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Bottom uplift curves of pit with three internal supports, figureFileSmall=/NXSNhkH4wShi6kh3A93wg==, figureFileBig=hTJxM9DW1TAwxSFzFgFmBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977408146781015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图13, caption=三道支撑坑底隆起, figureFileSmall=/NXSNhkH4wShi6kh3A93wg==, figureFileBig=hTJxM9DW1TAwxSFzFgFmBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977408213889880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Foundation pit deformation contour of scheme 14, figureFileSmall=kRJEbfC0bKwF71OxoVelaw==, figureFileBig=OdR67KtU1+kB8hrhoc868w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977408268415833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=图14, caption=方案14基坑变形云图

U为位移

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The basic physical parameters of the soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层编号 重度/
(kN·m-3)
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦角/
(°)
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松比
17.5 8 20 8 0.32
17.7 24 15 6 0.35
19.8 20 13 25 0.31
19.5 26 16 20 0.30
19.4 23 15 30 0.29
19.8 35 25 40 0.27
19.8 35 25 45 0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1177977408566211421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土体的基本物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层编号 重度/
(kN·m-3)
黏聚力/
kPa
内摩擦角/
(°)
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松比
17.5 8 20 8 0.32
17.7 24 15 6 0.35
19.8 20 13 25 0.31
19.5 26 16 20 0.30
19.4 23 15 30 0.29
19.8 35 25 40 0.27
19.8 35 25 45 0.25
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The basic physical parameters of the material

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参数 重度/(kN·m-3) 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比
地下连续墙 25.00 3.00×104 0.20
钢支撑 78.55 2.05×105 0.25
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材料的基本物理参数

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参数 重度/(kN·m-3) 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比
地下连续墙 25.00 3.00×104 0.20
钢支撑 78.55 2.05×105 0.25
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Support arrangement scheme

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方案序号 支撑数量 支撑布置位置深度/m
第一道支撑 第二道支撑 第三道支撑
1 0
2 1 1.0
3 2.5
4 4.0
5 5.5
6 7.0
7 8.5
8 2 1.0 4.0
9 2.5 5.5
10 4.0 7.0
11 5.5 8.5
12 7.0 10.0
13 8.5 11.5
14 3 1.0 4.0 8.5
15 2.5 5.5 10.0
16 4.0 7.0 11.5
17 1.0 4.0 7.0
18 2.5 5.5 8.5
19 4.0 7.0 10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1177977408922727265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789608050909815, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

支撑布置方案

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方案序号 支撑数量 支撑布置位置深度/m
第一道支撑 第二道支撑 第三道支撑
1 0
2 1 1.0
3 2.5
4 4.0
5 5.5
6 7.0
7 8.5
8 2 1.0 4.0
9 2.5 5.5
10 4.0 7.0
11 5.5 8.5
12 7.0 10.0
13 8.5 11.5
14 3 1.0 4.0 8.5
15 2.5 5.5 10.0
16 4.0 7.0 11.5
17 1.0 4.0 7.0
18 2.5 5.5 8.5
19 4.0 7.0 10.0
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杨承志 , 尹紫红 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(16): 6913-6921
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(16): 6913-6921
内支撑布置对深基坑变形的影响
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杨承志 , 尹紫红*
作者信息
  • 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
  • 杨承志(2000—),男,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 尹紫红(1971—),男,汉族,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:
Influence of Internal Support Layout on Deformation of Deep Foundation Pit
Cheng-zhi YANG , Zi-hong YIN*
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405643
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在深基坑工程中,常采用“钻孔灌注桩+内支撑”的支护形式进行基坑支护,但不同的支撑布置对基坑的支护效果不同。依托长治市某快速通道改扩建工程中一个基坑工程,利用ABAQUS对不同的钢支撑布置方案进行开挖全过程数值模拟,分析不同内支撑布置方案对基坑开挖周边地表土体的沉降、支护结构水平位移以及基坑坑底隆起的影响,并结合现场监测结果,对模型的可靠性进行验证。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果能够比较准确地反映基坑开挖支护过程中基坑的变形规律和特性;内支撑布置深度较小时,对支护桩最大水平位移和坑外地表沉降有较好的控制效果;内支撑布置深度较大时,对坑底最大隆起有一定的控制效果;增加内支撑的数量对减小支护桩最大水平位移和坑底最大隆起有不同程度的效果。

深基坑工程  /  内支撑布置  /  数值模拟  /  现场监测  /  变形特性

In deep foundation pit engineering, the support form of “bored pile + internal support” is often used for foundation pit support, but the support effect of different support arrangements on the foundation pit is different. Relying on a foundation pit project in a fast-track reconstruction and expansion project in Changzhi City, ABAQUS was used to numerically simulate the whole process of excavation of different steel support layout schemes, and the influence of different internal support layout schemes on the settlement of the surface soil around the excavation of the foundation pit, the horizontal displacement of the supporting structure and the uplift of the bottom of the foundation pit were analyzed, and then the reliability of the model was verified by combining the field monitoring results. The results show that the numerical simulation results can accurately reflect the deformation law and characteristics of the foundation pit in the process of excavation and support. When the depth of the internal support arrangement is small, it has a good control effect on the maximum horizontal displacement of the supporting pile and the surface settlement outside the pit. When the depth of the internal support arrangement is large, the maximum uplift at the bottom of the pit has a certain control effect. Increasing the number of internal supports has different effects on reducing the maximum horizontal displacement of the supporting pile and the maximum uplift at the bottom of the pit.

deep foundation pit engineering  /  internal support layout  /  numerical simulation  /  on-site monitoring  /  deformation characteristics
杨承志, 尹紫红. 内支撑布置对深基坑变形的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6913 -6921 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405643
Cheng-zhi YANG, Zi-hong YIN. Influence of Internal Support Layout on Deformation of Deep Foundation Pit[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6913 -6921 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405643
21世纪以来,中国城市化进程发展迅速,城市中的建构筑物与日俱增,同时也产生了大量的建构筑物改造工程,其中不可避免地存在大量深基坑开挖项目,这些基坑周边建构筑物密集、管线繁多,基坑开挖空间有限。为保证基坑顺利开挖,同时保障周围建构筑物、管线和道路的安全,研究基坑的应力应变、变形和稳定性有重要的工程意义[1]
邱明明等[2]借助有限元模型考虑内支撑截面形状、支撑点作用位置、支撑作用点形式和支撑刚度对基坑围护桩结构内力和变形的影响进行了探讨。孙海霞等[3]通过正交试验法,利用有限元软件进行内支撑排桩支护方案优化,以结构最大水平位移为评价指标,确定了对支护桩稳定性影响最大的因素是桩径,其次是桩长,再次是桩间距。周勇等[4]分析了基坑的水平位移、竖向位移以及锚杆预应力和锚杆角度对支护结构位移的影响,并且总结出锚杆的倾角合理取值范围以及坑底最大隆起的位置。陈刚等[5]利用ABAQUS进行建模,分析了不同桩长、不同桩径的悬臂式排桩支护对坑中坑开挖的变形影响。曹雪山等[6]提出了钢支撑轴力与围护墙体位移双元组合的方法,研究了单道、双道预加轴力对钢支撑轴力、墙体位移和弯矩的影响,阐明了支撑轴力实测值离散的原因和超挖对基坑安全的影响。路轶[7]利用ABAQUS建立狭窄基坑数值模型,模拟了不同开挖宽度、深度及不同淤泥土层厚度对支护桩水平位移和基坑坑底土压力的影响规律,提出了软土层中狭窄型基坑支护桩优化思路。刘性锋等[8]对地铁车站基坑开挖的全过程进行模拟,并且结合监测结果总结出基坑的变形特征、围护结构的变形特征、地表沉降的变形特征以及各道支撑轴力的变化特征。陶志刚等[9]使用FLAC 3D对坑中坑式基坑进行了开挖和支护模拟,验证了外坑和内坑最容易失稳破坏的区域,并且利用负泊松比锚索对坑中坑式基坑进行加密支护的控制效果进行了评价。
基坑开挖过程中的问题复杂多样,目前的研究成果大多数是关于不同的基坑支护形式和不同的支护参数对基坑开挖变形的影响[10-14],但关于基坑中内支撑布置对基坑结构变形影响的研究相对较少。鉴于此,以长治市某快速通道改扩建工程中的一个基坑工程为研究对象,利用ABAQUS模拟分析不同的钢支撑布置数量和位置对基坑变形的影响,选出最佳的支撑布置方案,将数值模拟和实际监测结果进行对比,验证有限元模型的合理性,并提出内支撑支护的合理优化建议,研究成果可为后续长大地道深基坑工程中的支护结构设计和基坑安全施工提供参考。
该深基坑是快速通道改扩建工程中的一个地道深基坑,地道主体为钢筋混凝土结构,地道基础在地基夯实的基础上,采用40 cm碎石+20 cm C20素混凝土垫层,基坑开挖深度为12.6 m,宽度为27.8 m,依据《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ 120—2012)[15],该基坑安全等级为二级,基坑设计工作年限为1年。
该基坑地处长治市,位于河流侵蚀堆积地貌单元,微地貌为浊漳河二级阶地,地形起伏不大,主要呈东高西低。根据钻孔结果可得地层从上至下可划分为7层:①第四系全新统填土、②第四系全新统冲洪积层湿陷性粉质黏土、③第四系上更新统冲洪积层粉质黏土、④第四系上更新统冲洪积层粉质黏土、⑤第四系中更新统冲洪积层粉质黏土、⑥第四系下更新统冲洪积层粉质黏土、⑦第四系下更新统冲洪积层粉质黏土。各层土体的基本物理参数如表1所示。
在开挖场地附近不存在地表水,并且仅存在少量地下水,故在开挖过程不考虑地下水作用的影响。
由于模型建立过程中主要考虑支撑布置的位置与数量,因此不同布置方案中的围护桩桩径、桩长和桩间距均相同,为了方便建模和计算,将“钻孔灌注桩+内支撑”支护体系简化为“地连墙+内支撑”支护体系,等效地连墙厚度的计算公式为
1 12(D+t)h3= 1 64πD4
式(1)中:D为钻孔桩桩径;t为桩间距;h为等效后地下连续墙的厚度。
桩径为0.8 m,桩间距为1.2 m的桩支护按照式(1)简化为0.5 m厚的地下连续墙,并且地下连续墙的深度为22 m;钢支撑为直径610 mm,壁厚16 mm的钢管,地下连续墙和钢支撑的材料几何参数如表2所示。
由于地道基坑较长,故将基坑的变形简化为平面应变问题,又因基坑的对称性,最终确定选取1/2的断面进行二维有限元分析。ABAQUS计算模型高度取地下连续墙深度的2~3倍,宽度取开挖宽度的3~4倍,因此本模型左右边界取60 m,上下边界取50 m。模型的左右边界限制模型的水平位移,模型的底部边界限制其水平和竖向位移,有限元模型如图1所示。
在模型的模拟计算中,土体材料按照均质弹塑性材料进行简化,并且本构关系符合摩尔-库仑(Mohr-Coulomb)屈服准则,支护结构则采用弹性本构关系。各材料的物理参数按照表1表2进行设置。
基坑开挖的前12 m分8次开挖完成,每次开挖1.5 m,最后0.6 m一次完成,若要布置内支撑,则当次开挖完成后,在距坑底0.5 m处进行支撑布置,符合工程实际要求。此外,基坑的开挖通过软件中的单元“杀死”来实现,钢支撑的布置通过软件中的单元“激活”来实现。
根据基坑的实际施工步骤,进行模型分析步模拟,具体如下。
步骤1 建立模型各个部件,设置材料属性,将各个部件进行装配,设置边界条件,施加重力荷载,设置初始地应力场完成所有模型前期准备。
步骤2 进行分步开挖,将要开挖的土体单元“杀死”,逐层开挖至支撑布置的深度以下0.5 m处。
步骤3 进行钢支撑布置,将需要布置的支撑单元“激活”。
步骤4 根据设计的支撑布置方案,进行步骤2和步骤3,直至最后一步开挖完成。
为了研究不同钢支撑布置方案的基坑开挖变形特征,根据不同的支撑数量和不同的支撑位置,设计出19种不同的支撑方案,具体布置方案如表3所示。
为了对比不同支撑布置对基坑变形的影响,首先对无内支撑的基坑开挖进行分析,此时基坑为悬臂桩支护,将该方案基坑变形结果作为其余布置方案的对照。
随着基坑的开挖,基坑内部的土体被移除,支护结构外侧的土体产生向坑内和坑底移动的趋势,从而导致坑外的地表产生沉降,坑外地表的沉降曲线如图2所示。坑外地表的沉降值随着基坑的开挖深度增加而增大,当基坑开挖完成时,最大沉降产生在距离基坑边缘1 m处,为102.22 mm;坑外地表的沉降值随着距基坑边缘的距离增加而减小,当距基坑边缘的距离大于17 m时,沉降值变化趋于平缓。
由于基坑内部土体被移除,坑外土体向坑内产生较大的土压力,使得支护桩体向基坑内侧产生水平位移,并且水平位移向基坑底部发展。又由于没有横向钢支撑,故此状态下的支护桩体的水平位移较大,支护桩水平位移曲线如图3所示。随着基坑的开挖,支护桩的水平位移逐渐增大,当基坑开挖完成后,支护桩水平变形呈“前倾型”[6],最大水平位移产生在桩顶处,为137.15 mm。
随着基坑开挖,土体被卸载,基坑底部原有的应力状态发生改变,从而导致坑底土体产生向上隆起的趋势,坑底隆起曲线如图4所示。在第6步开挖之前(即开挖深度小于9 m时),坑底最大隆起产生在基坑中心处;在第6步开挖之后(即开挖深度大于9 m时),最大隆起的产生位置由基坑中心迅速转移至距支护桩2 m处,最大隆起值为35.49 mm,按照此趋势发展,该处土体有破坏的风险。
由于悬臂桩支护基坑各部分的变形量都较大,并且支护桩内侧坑底土体有破坏的趋势,现对基坑布置一道内支撑,观察内支撑的布置对基坑变形的影响。
布置一道支撑的坑外地表沉降模拟结果如图5所示,可以看出,合理布置内支撑的位置后,坑外地表最大变形为隆起2.03 mm,相比于悬臂桩支护的最大坑外地表沉降变形102.22 mm,减小了98.01%,这说明在深基坑开挖过程中,内支撑的布置对减小基坑的变形起着关键的作用。支撑布置位置从深度7 m变为深度8.5 m时,坑外土体的最大沉降值从0.90 mm增大至6.11 mm,沉降值增长了578.89%,这表明仅布置一道支撑,支撑的布置深度与基坑深度之比大于0.556时,支撑对坑外土体的支护作用将大大减小。
布置一道支撑的支护桩水平位移模拟结果如图6所示,合理布置内支撑的位置后,最大支护桩水平位移为6.48 mm,相比于悬臂桩支护的最大支护桩水平位移137.15 mm,减小了95.28%。当支撑的布置深度与基坑深度之比小于等于0.437时,支护桩的水平位移特征表现为基坑顶部和底部位移较小,基坑中部位移较大的“弓型”。当支撑的布置深度与基坑深度之比大于0.437时,支护桩水平位移由“弓型”变为“前倾型”,表明支撑位置下移到一定深度时,支撑对支护桩的支护作用也将大大减小。
布置一道支撑的坑底隆起模拟结果如图7所示,合理布置内支撑的位置后,最大坑底隆起为18.40 mm,相比于悬臂桩支护的最大坑底隆起35.48 mm,减小了48.14%。仅有一道支撑时,坑底隆起最大值的发生位置在距离支护桩4 m处,支撑布置位置从深度1 m下移到8.5 m的过程中,坑底的最大隆起值从19.79 mm减小至18.30 mm,基坑中心处的隆起值从16.23 mm增大至16.78 mm,这表明在基坑下部位置布置内支撑,对于减小坑底最大隆起是有利的。
从一道支撑的模拟结果可以看出,支撑的布置对减小基坑的变形起到了很大的作用,但是在深基坑的开挖过程中,随着基坑深度的增加,仅凭借一道支撑所起到的作用将逐渐减小,为了应对深基坑的开挖,将增加支撑的数量至两道,然后进行模拟分析。
布置两道支撑的坑外地表沉降模拟结果如图8所示,可以看出,增加支撑的数量对减小坑外地表最大变形发挥的作用不大。基坑开挖对坑外地表沉降的影响范围基本为0~25 m,即距基坑边缘25 m以外的土体沉降变化趋于稳定。
布置两道支撑的支护桩水平位移模拟结果如图9所示,方案8~方案10的支护桩水平位移呈“弓型”,方案11~方案13的支护桩水平位移呈“前倾型”。方案3增加支撑数量对支护桩水平位移的减小效果最好,最大水平位移从方案3的9.25 mm减小至方案9的3.93 mm,减小了57.51%;方案6增加支撑数量对支护桩水平位移的减小效果最差,最大水平位移值从方案6的8.18 mm增大至方案12的9.71 mm,增大了18.70%。
第一道支撑的布置深度与基坑深度比小于等于0.437时,增加支撑的数量对减小支护桩最大水平位移有显著的效果;第一道支撑的位置与基坑深度比大于0.437时,增加支撑的数量对减小支护桩最大水平位移反而有不利的影响。
布置两道支撑的坑底隆起模拟结果如图10所示,方案3增加支撑数量对坑底最大隆起的减小效果最好,从方案3的19.25 mm减小至方案9的16.77 mm,减小了12.88%;方案7增加支撑数量对坑底最大隆起的减小效果最差,从方案7的18.30 mm减小至方案13的17.98 mm,减小了1.75%。总体来看,布置两道支撑的坑底最大隆起量均小于布置一道支撑的坑底最大隆起量,说明增加支撑数量对减小坑底最大隆起有一定的作用。
对比布置一道支撑和布置两道支撑的模拟结果可以发现,在合理布置支撑位置时,增加支撑数量能够减小基坑支护结构水平位移和坑底隆起,故再增加一道支撑,观察其对基坑变形的控制效果。
布置三道支撑坑外地表沉降模拟结果如图11所示,第一道支撑布置深度为1 m时,基坑开挖的影响范围为0~10 m;第一道支撑布置深度为2.5 m时,基坑开挖的影响范围为0~20 m;第一道支撑布置深度为4 m时,基坑开挖的影响范围为0~28 m。第一道支撑的布置深度越小,基坑开挖对坑外地表沉降的影响范围越小,且坑外地表最大隆起值也越小。
布置三道支撑的围护桩水平位移模拟结果如图12所示,布置三道支撑时,支护桩水平位移均呈现两端小中间大的“弓型”。
方案8增加支撑数量对支护桩水平位移的减小效果最好,最大水平位移从方案8的6.19 mm减小至方案14的3.53 mm,减小了42.97%;方案10增加支撑数量对支护桩水平位移的减小效果最差,最大水平位移值从方案10的4.24 mm减小至方案16的3.64 mm,减小了14.15%。由此可见,第一道支撑的布置深度较小时,增加内支撑数量对减小支护桩水平位移的效果更好。
布置三道支撑的坑底隆起模拟结果如图13所示,与布置两道支撑相比,布置三道支撑时,坑底最大隆起发生的位置从距支护桩4 m处转移至距支护桩4.5~5.5 m处。方案8增加支撑数量对坑底最大隆起的减小效果最好,从方案8的17.80 mm减小至方案14的16.36 mm,减小了8.09%;方案10增加支撑数量对坑底最大隆起的减小效果最差,从方案10的17.12 mm减小至方案16的16.75 mm,减小了2.16%。由此可见,第一道支撑布置在深度1 m处时,再次增加支撑的数量对减小坑底隆起的效果较好;当支撑整体布置位置靠下时,增加支撑数量对减小坑底隆起的效果不明显。
通过上述分析,方案14第一道支撑的布置时间相对较早,能够稳定前期开挖的基坑变形,并且整体看来,在第二道和第三道支撑布置完成后,该方案基坑周围土体、支护结构和坑内土体的变形均较小,表明该支护方案对基坑的支护效果更好。因此,选择方案14作为施工的支撑布置方案(即第一道支撑布置深度为1 m,第二道支撑布置深度为4 m,第三道支撑布置深度为8.5 m),方案14的基坑水平和竖向变形云图如图14所示。
基坑各部位的位移实测值与数值模拟结果的对比如图15所示。坑外地表沉降的实测结果显示,基坑坑外地表沉降曲线呈“漏斗状”,最大沉降产生在距基坑边缘6 m处,与模型模拟结果有一定的偏差,分析其原因可能是由于模型将支护桩简化为了地下连续墙,从而忽略了开挖过程中桩间土受扰动产生的位移,此外,支护结构以下的土体也会向坑内流失,从而引起基坑外侧土体沉降,因此在基坑施工过程中需要更加注重对坑外土体变形的监测和处理。
支护桩水平位移和坑底隆起的实测结果与模拟结果曲线变化趋势大致相同,说明该模型的数值模拟结果较合理,能够比较准确地反应基坑开挖支护过程中基坑的变形规律和特性,但实测值和模拟值在数值上仍存在微小的差距,分析其原因可能是软件模拟状态过于理想化,没有考虑周围环境对基坑的影响,并且实际施工过程中土体情况更加复杂。
对长治市某快速通道改扩建工程的一个基坑进行有限元模型建立,分析不同的内支撑数量和布置位置对基坑变形的影响,最终选择一种支护方案进行指导施工,通过对比基坑变形的实测值和模拟值,证明了模型建立、本构关系选取以及材料参数取值的合理性,为类似的深基坑支护设计提供参考,促进设计和施工一体化,得出以下结论。
(1)与悬臂桩支护相比,“钻孔灌注桩+内支撑”支护体系能极大程度地减小坑外地表最大沉降和支护桩最大水平位移,减小幅度达95.28%。
(2)随着内支撑布置深度的增大,支护桩整体水平位移从“弓型”变为“前倾型”,在“弓型”阶段,内支撑布置深度越大,支护桩最大水平位移越小;支护桩整体水平位移变为“前倾型”后,内支撑布置深度越大,支护桩最大水平位移增量越大,其位移量大于“弓型”阶段的最大值。内支撑布置深度越大,坑底最大隆起越小,因此合理设计内支撑的数量和位置对于减小基坑整体变形有重要意义。
(3)增加内支撑的数量对减小内支撑最大水平位移有较好的效果,布置两道内支撑与布置一道内支撑相比,最大水平位移最多减小57.51%;布置三道内支撑与布置两道内支撑相比,最大水平位移最多减小42.97%。增加内支撑的数量对较小坑底最大隆起有一定的效果,布置两道内支撑与布置一道内支撑相比,坑底最大隆起最多减小12.88%;布置三道内支撑与布置两道内支撑相比,坑底最大隆起最多减小8.09%。
(4)内支撑布置深度越小,对坑外地表沉降的控制效果越好,并且在基坑上部布置内支撑能够控制支护桩整体水平位移呈较好的“弓型”,使深基坑受力更加合理,增强支护结构的整体性。
(5)有限元模型在一定程度上能够模拟现场施工环境和施工结果,但实际现场施工的环境是复杂多变的,很多因素都会影响实际施工结果,因此数值模拟的结果只能起到一定的参考。将实际施工结果与有限元模拟结果进行对比,总结造成结果差异的原因,从而为后续工程预测积累经验。
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0380)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405643
  • 接收时间:2024-07-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-27
  • 修回日期:2025-03-12
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四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0380)
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    西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

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* 尹紫红(1971—),男,汉族,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:道路与铁道工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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