Article(id=1149789607547593333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406269, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724169600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-21, revisedDate=1742400000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752060804496, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752060804496, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752060804496, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752060804496, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6985, endPage=6992, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149789607769891446, articleId=1149789607547593333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in In-vehicle Air, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the concentration level and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cabin of new cars, air samples of 15 newly produced passenger cars in the gaseous and particulate phases under normal temperature and high temperature conditions were collected by using particulate samplers in series with polyurethane foam (PUF) sleeves. The contents of 16 priority PAHs in the samples were determined by GC-MS, and the health risk assessment of drivers and passengers was carried out. The results show that the average detection rates of 16 PAHs in the gaseous and particulate phases is 2.17~50.00.Among them, naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Ace), and phenanthrene (Phe) are detected in some sample cars under high and normal temperature conditions, while phenanthrene (Acy) is detected in all sample cars under high and normal temperature conditions, and the rest of the substances are only detected under high temperature conditions. The concentration of PAHs in cabin of cars under high temperature conditions is higher than that under normal temperature conditions, and the concentration in the gas phase is higher than that in the particulate phase. Overall, Nap exhibites the highest concentration. The carcinogenic health risks of Nap, Ace, Phe, and Acy under high temperature conditions range from 3.53×10-11 to 4.54×10-9, while under normal temperature conditions, they range from 1.70×10-11 to 5.16×10-9. It can be seen that PAHs in the gas phase and particulate phase in cabin of new cars, can be effectively collected by using particulate matter samplers in series with a polyurethane foam (PUF) sleeves for sampling. The detected concentrations of PAHs in cabin of cars, is low, the overall carcinogenic health risk is less than 10-6, and the carcinogenic risk is low.

, correspAuthors=Dan-lu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hai-feng HE, Dan-lu WANG, Jun-xia ZHAO, Qi LI, Nan JIANG, Xiu-ge ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149789616313688745, articleId=1149789607547593333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=车内空气中多环芳烃赋存特征及健康风险评估, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探索新生产车辆车内空气中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度水平及健康风险,通过使用颗粒物采样器与聚氨酯泡沫(polyurethane foam,PUF)套筒串联的方法,采集15台新生产乘用车在常温和高温光照2种工况下,车内气相和颗粒相的空气样品,通过GC-MS测定样品中16种优先控制的PAHs的含量,并进行驾乘人员健康风险评估。结果表明:16种PAHs在气相和颗粒相中的平均检出率为2.17~50.00,其中萘(Nap)、苊(Ace)和菲(Phe)在部分样车高温和常温工况下均有检出,而苊烯(Acy)在所有样车高温和常温工况下均有检出,其余物质仅在高温下检出;车内空气中PAHs的浓度在高温工况下高于常温工况,且气相中浓度高于颗粒相,整体上Nap的浓度最高;在高温工况下Nap、Ace、Phe、Acy的致癌健康风险为3.53×10-11~4.54×10-9,而在常温工况下为1.70×10-11~5.16×10-9。可见使用颗粒物采样器与聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)套筒串联采样的方法,能有效采集车内空气中气相和颗粒相中的PAHs,车辆车内空气中PAHs检出浓度较低,致癌健康风险整体<10-6,致癌风险较低。

, correspAuthors=王丹璐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王丹璐(1991—),女,汉族,甘肃张掖人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:环境健康调查与风险评估。E-mail:
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何海峰(1986—),男,汉族,甘肃天水人,工程师。研究方向:车内环境测评。E-mail:

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何海峰(1986—),男,汉族,甘肃天水人,工程师。研究方向:车内环境测评。E-mail:

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何海峰(1986—),男,汉族,甘肃天水人,工程师。研究方向:车内环境测评。E-mail:

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Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2022, 20(2): 813-826., articleTitle=Meteorological dependence, source identification, and carcinogenic risk assessment of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in high-traffic roadside, urban background, and remote suburban area, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177977139862323712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, awardId=0001KTCP20230360-01, language=CN, fundingSource=中国汽研公司级课题(0001KTCP20230360-01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177977140004930049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, awardId=0001KTCP20230360-03, language=CN, fundingSource=中国汽研公司级课题(0001KTCP20230360-03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177977140059456002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, awardId=CIIP-2021-001, language=CN, 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articleId=1149789607547593333, companyId=1177977136146170301, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177977138423677416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mean concentrations of Nap, Acy, Ace, and Phe inside vehicles, figureFileSmall=d2uA4w8MvQA7nsDHD8QWVQ==, figureFileBig=q9fYHwrJhdvFvVwqBfCp7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977138557895146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=图1, caption=车内Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe浓度均值, figureFileSmall=d2uA4w8MvQA7nsDHD8QWVQ==, figureFileBig=q9fYHwrJhdvFvVwqBfCp7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977138696307180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Temperature and humidity correlation of Nap, Acy, Ace, and Phe inside vehicles, figureFileSmall=Wu7zXmPxLg3F8Xafz19kZg==, figureFileBig=YssR4oDejG1MMKERMq8+gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977138775998958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=图2, caption=车内Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe温湿度相关性, figureFileSmall=Wu7zXmPxLg3F8Xafz19kZg==, figureFileBig=YssR4oDejG1MMKERMq8+gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977138872467952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Cancer health risks of Nap, Acid, Ace, and Phe inside vehicles, figureFileSmall=u2NlnbUdfUpPrsNszitfug==, figureFileBig=vHoQi71L/g9lbf+3pVWF7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977138935382514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=图3, caption=车内Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe的致癌健康风险, figureFileSmall=u2NlnbUdfUpPrsNszitfug==, figureFileBig=vHoQi71L/g9lbf+3pVWF7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977139040240116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection rates of various PAHs substances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 类别 整体
车型
车型 采样工况 物质 类别 整体
车型
车型 采样工况
SUV 轿车 常温 高温 SUV 轿车 常温 高温
Nap检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 32.61 33.87 30.00 40.63 28.33 BaA检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 13.04 16.13 6.67 6.25 16.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 52.17 51.61 53.33 75.00 40.00 气相
Acy检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 Chr检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 气相
Ace检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 17.39 19.35 13.33 40.63 5.00 BbF检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 34.78 38.71 26.67 81.25 10.00 气相
Flo检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 BkF检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Phe检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 17.39 17.74 16.67 37.50 6.67 BaP检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 34.78 35.48 33.33 75.00 13.33 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Ant检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 IcdP检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Flu检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 DahA检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Pyr检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 BghiP检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139170263543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各PAHs物质检出率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 类别 整体
车型
车型 采样工况 物质 类别 整体
车型
车型 采样工况
SUV 轿车 常温 高温 SUV 轿车 常温 高温
Nap检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 32.61 33.87 30.00 40.63 28.33 BaA检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 13.04 16.13 6.67 6.25 16.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 52.17 51.61 53.33 75.00 40.00 气相
Acy检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 Chr检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 气相
Ace检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 17.39 19.35 13.33 40.63 5.00 BbF检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 34.78 38.71 26.67 81.25 10.00 气相
Flo检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 BkF检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Phe检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 17.39 17.74 16.67 37.50 6.67 BaP检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 34.78 35.48 33.33 75.00 13.33 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Ant检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 IcdP检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Flu检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 DahA检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
Pyr检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33 BghiP检出率/% 气相+颗粒相 2.17 3.23 3.33
颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67 颗粒相 4.35 6.45 6.67
气相 气相
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139237372408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

PAHs concentrations inside vehicles at different sampling temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 高温工况/(μg·m-3) 常温工况/(μg·m-3)
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
4PAHs 0.422 4 0.043 8 0.248 6 0.230 3 0.422 3 0.021 0 0.164 3 0.131 3
Nap 气相+颗粒相 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.182 7 0.153 3 0.400 0 0.073 4 0.159 2 0.106 1
颗粒相 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2
气相 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.171 3 0.151 5 0.400 0 0.070 3 0.158 9 0.106 1
Acy 气相+颗粒相 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.056 5 0.058 4 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.031 3 0.025 5
颗粒相
气相 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.056 5 0.058 4 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.031 3 0.025 5
Ace 气相+颗粒相 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.051 3 0.043 5 0.037 6 0.018 9 0.027 4 0.025 5
颗粒相
气相 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.051 3 0.043 5 0.037 6 0.018 9 0.027 4 0.025 5
Phe 气相+颗粒相 0.003 1 0.001 3 0.001 9 0.001 7 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
颗粒相 0.003 1 0.001 3 0.001 9 0.001 7 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
气相
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139312869881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同采样温度下车内PAHs浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 高温工况/(μg·m-3) 常温工况/(μg·m-3)
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
4PAHs 0.422 4 0.043 8 0.248 6 0.230 3 0.422 3 0.021 0 0.164 3 0.131 3
Nap 气相+颗粒相 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.182 7 0.153 3 0.400 0 0.073 4 0.159 2 0.106 1
颗粒相 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2
气相 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.171 3 0.151 5 0.400 0 0.070 3 0.158 9 0.106 1
Acy 气相+颗粒相 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.056 5 0.058 4 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.031 3 0.025 5
颗粒相
气相 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.056 5 0.058 4 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.031 3 0.025 5
Ace 气相+颗粒相 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.051 3 0.043 5 0.037 6 0.018 9 0.027 4 0.025 5
颗粒相
气相 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.051 3 0.043 5 0.037 6 0.018 9 0.027 4 0.025 5
Phe 气相+颗粒相 0.003 1 0.001 3 0.001 9 0.001 7 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
颗粒相 0.003 1 0.001 3 0.001 9 0.001 7 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
气相
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139379978746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

High temperature and normal temperature concentration ratios of Nap, Acy, Ace, and Pheinside vehicles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 类别 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
Nap 颗粒相
气相 1.984 8 0.879 1 1.202 8 1.044 3
Acy 颗粒相
气相 4.698 2 1.175 3 1.988 7 1.698 8
Ace 颗粒相
气相 2.092 5 1.563 8 1.787 8 1.707 3
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139434504699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

车内Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe高温与常温浓度比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 类别 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
Nap 颗粒相
气相 1.984 8 0.879 1 1.202 8 1.044 3
Acy 颗粒相
气相 4.698 2 1.175 3 1.988 7 1.698 8
Ace 颗粒相
气相 2.092 5 1.563 8 1.787 8 1.707 3
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139493224956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Concentration of PAHs substances in different vehicles models at different sampling temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 工况 轿车/(μg·m-3) SUV/(μg·m-3)
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
4PAHs 高温 0.420 6 0.070 9 0.257 4 0.230 3 0.422 4 0.043 8 0.244 2 0.251 2
常温 0.388 8 0.025 5 0.194 4 0.181 7 0.422 3 0.021 0 0.149 2 0.112 4
Nap 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.339 3 0.102 2 0.197 9 0.175 0 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.175 1 0.153 3
常温 0.324 9 0.102 4 0.189 7 0.165 8 0.400 0 0.073 4 0.143 9 0.092 9
颗粒相 高温 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5
常温 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2
气相 高温 0.339 3 0.102 2 0.197 9 0.175 0 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.158 0 0.151 5
常温 0.324 9 0.102 4 0.189 7 0.165 8 0.400 0 0.070 3 0.143 5 0.092 9
Acy 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.079 7 0.043 3 0.064 0 0.070 9 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.052 7 0.051 1
常温 0.063 8 0.022 9 0.034 8 0.027 6 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.029 6 0.022 7
颗粒相 高温
常温
气相 高温 0.079 7 0.043 3 0.064 0 0.070 9 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.052 7 0.051 1
常温 0.063 8 0.022 9 0.034 8 0.027 6 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.029 6 0.022 7
Ace 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.060 6 0.047 1 0.055 5 0.058 8 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.050 1 0.041 2
常温 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.025 5 0.018 9 0.022 2 0.022 2
颗粒相 高温
常温
气相 高温 0.060 6 0.047 1 0.055 5 0.058 8 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.050 1 0.041 2
常温 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.025 5 0.018 9 0.022 2 0.022 2
Phe 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.003 1 0.001 9 0.002 3 0.002 0 0.002 7 0.001 3 0.001 7 0.001 5
常温 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
颗粒相 高温 0.003 1 0.001 9 0.002 3 0.002 0 0.002 7 0.001 3 0.001 7 0.001 5
常温 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
气相 高温
常温
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139568722429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同采样温度下不同车型车内PAHs物质浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 工况 轿车/(μg·m-3) SUV/(μg·m-3)
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
4PAHs 高温 0.420 6 0.070 9 0.257 4 0.230 3 0.422 4 0.043 8 0.244 2 0.251 2
常温 0.388 8 0.025 5 0.194 4 0.181 7 0.422 3 0.021 0 0.149 2 0.112 4
Nap 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.339 3 0.102 2 0.197 9 0.175 0 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.175 1 0.153 3
常温 0.324 9 0.102 4 0.189 7 0.165 8 0.400 0 0.073 4 0.143 9 0.092 9
颗粒相 高温 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5 0.136 5
常温 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2 0.003 2
气相 高温 0.339 3 0.102 2 0.197 9 0.175 0 0.351 7 0.076 6 0.158 0 0.151 5
常温 0.324 9 0.102 4 0.189 7 0.165 8 0.400 0 0.070 3 0.143 5 0.092 9
Acy 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.079 7 0.043 3 0.064 0 0.070 9 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.052 7 0.051 1
常温 0.063 8 0.022 9 0.034 8 0.027 6 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.029 6 0.022 7
颗粒相 高温
常温
气相 高温 0.079 7 0.043 3 0.064 0 0.070 9 0.093 1 0.024 9 0.052 7 0.051 1
常温 0.063 8 0.022 9 0.034 8 0.027 6 0.068 7 0.016 2 0.029 6 0.022 7
Ace 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.060 6 0.047 1 0.055 5 0.058 8 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.050 1 0.041 2
常温 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.025 5 0.018 9 0.022 2 0.022 2
颗粒相 高温
常温
气相 高温 0.060 6 0.047 1 0.055 5 0.058 8 0.130 1 0.015 8 0.050 1 0.041 2
常温 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.037 6 0.025 5 0.018 9 0.022 2 0.022 2
Phe 气相+颗粒相 高温 0.003 1 0.001 9 0.002 3 0.002 0 0.002 7 0.001 3 0.001 7 0.001 5
常温 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
颗粒相 高温 0.003 1 0.001 9 0.002 3 0.002 0 0.002 7 0.001 3 0.001 7 0.001 5
常温 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3 0.001 3
气相 高温
常温
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139648414206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Health Risks of PAHs Causing Cancer inside vehicles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 车辆类型 高温 常温
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
Nap 全部 4.54×10-9 9.89×10-10 2.36×10-9 1.98×10-9 5.16×10-9 9.48×10-10 2.05×10-9 1.37×10-9
SUV 4.54×10-9 9.89×10-10 2.26×10-9 1.98×10-9 5.16×10-9 9.48×10-10 1.86×10-9 1.20×10-9
轿车 4.38×10-9 1.32×10-9 2.56×10-9 2.26×10-9 4.20×10-9 1.32×10-9 2.45×10-9 2.14×10-9
Acy 全部 1.20×10-9 3.22×10-10 7.29×10-10 7.54×10-10 8.87×10-10 2.09×10-10 4.04×10-10 3.29×10-10
SUV 1.20×10-9 3.22×10-10 6.81×10-10 6.59×10-10 8.87×10-10 2.09×10-10 3.82×10-10 2.93×10-10
轿车 1.03×10-9 5.58×10-10 8.26×10-10 9.15×10-10 8.24×10-10 2.96×10-10 4.50×10-10 3.56×10-10
Ac 全部 1.68×10-9 2.04×10-10 6.63×10-10 5.62×10-10 4.86×10-10 2.45×10-10 3.53×10-10 3.29×10-10
SUV 1.68×10-9 2.04×10-10 6.46×10-10 5.32×10-10 3.29×10-10 2.45×10-10 2.87×10-10 2.87×10-10
轿车 7.82×10-10 6.08×10-10 7.17×10-10 7.59×10-10 4.86×10-10 4.86×10-10 4.86×10-10 4.86×10-10
Phe 全部 4.04×10-11 1.66×10-11 2.46×10-11 2.21×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.72×10-11 1.72×10-11
SUV 3.53×10-11 1.66×10-11 2.23×10-11 1.95×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.70×10-11
轿车 4.04×10-11 2.43×10-11 2.92×10-11 2.61×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.74×10-11
), ArticleFig(id=1177977139744883199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789607547593333, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

车内PAHs致癌健康风险

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 车辆类型 高温 常温
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位值
Nap 全部 4.54×10-9 9.89×10-10 2.36×10-9 1.98×10-9 5.16×10-9 9.48×10-10 2.05×10-9 1.37×10-9
SUV 4.54×10-9 9.89×10-10 2.26×10-9 1.98×10-9 5.16×10-9 9.48×10-10 1.86×10-9 1.20×10-9
轿车 4.38×10-9 1.32×10-9 2.56×10-9 2.26×10-9 4.20×10-9 1.32×10-9 2.45×10-9 2.14×10-9
Acy 全部 1.20×10-9 3.22×10-10 7.29×10-10 7.54×10-10 8.87×10-10 2.09×10-10 4.04×10-10 3.29×10-10
SUV 1.20×10-9 3.22×10-10 6.81×10-10 6.59×10-10 8.87×10-10 2.09×10-10 3.82×10-10 2.93×10-10
轿车 1.03×10-9 5.58×10-10 8.26×10-10 9.15×10-10 8.24×10-10 2.96×10-10 4.50×10-10 3.56×10-10
Ac 全部 1.68×10-9 2.04×10-10 6.63×10-10 5.62×10-10 4.86×10-10 2.45×10-10 3.53×10-10 3.29×10-10
SUV 1.68×10-9 2.04×10-10 6.46×10-10 5.32×10-10 3.29×10-10 2.45×10-10 2.87×10-10 2.87×10-10
轿车 7.82×10-10 6.08×10-10 7.17×10-10 7.59×10-10 4.86×10-10 4.86×10-10 4.86×10-10 4.86×10-10
Phe 全部 4.04×10-11 1.66×10-11 2.46×10-11 2.21×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.72×10-11 1.72×10-11
SUV 3.53×10-11 1.66×10-11 2.23×10-11 1.95×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.70×10-11 1.70×10-11
轿车 4.04×10-11 2.43×10-11 2.92×10-11 2.61×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.74×10-11 1.74×10-11
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车内空气中多环芳烃赋存特征及健康风险评估
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何海峰 1 , 王丹璐 2, * , 赵军霞 1 , 李琦 1 , 江楠 1 , 赵秀阁 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(16): 6985-6992
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(16): 6985-6992
车内空气中多环芳烃赋存特征及健康风险评估
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何海峰1 , 王丹璐2, * , 赵军霞1, 李琦1, 江楠1, 赵秀阁2
作者信息
  • 1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司, 重庆 401122
  • 2 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
  • 何海峰(1986—),男,汉族,甘肃天水人,工程师。研究方向:车内环境测评。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王丹璐(1991—),女,汉族,甘肃张掖人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:环境健康调查与风险评估。E-mail:
Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in In-vehicle Air
Hai-feng HE1 , Dan-lu WANG2, * , Jun-xia ZHAO1, Qi LI1, Nan JIANG1, Xiu-ge ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Chongqing 401122, China
  • 2 Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406269
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为探索新生产车辆车内空气中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度水平及健康风险,通过使用颗粒物采样器与聚氨酯泡沫(polyurethane foam,PUF)套筒串联的方法,采集15台新生产乘用车在常温和高温光照2种工况下,车内气相和颗粒相的空气样品,通过GC-MS测定样品中16种优先控制的PAHs的含量,并进行驾乘人员健康风险评估。结果表明:16种PAHs在气相和颗粒相中的平均检出率为2.17~50.00,其中萘(Nap)、苊(Ace)和菲(Phe)在部分样车高温和常温工况下均有检出,而苊烯(Acy)在所有样车高温和常温工况下均有检出,其余物质仅在高温下检出;车内空气中PAHs的浓度在高温工况下高于常温工况,且气相中浓度高于颗粒相,整体上Nap的浓度最高;在高温工况下Nap、Ace、Phe、Acy的致癌健康风险为3.53×10-11~4.54×10-9,而在常温工况下为1.70×10-11~5.16×10-9。可见使用颗粒物采样器与聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)套筒串联采样的方法,能有效采集车内空气中气相和颗粒相中的PAHs,车辆车内空气中PAHs检出浓度较低,致癌健康风险整体<10-6,致癌风险较低。

车内空气  /  多环芳烃(PAHs)  /  健康风险  /  暴露评估

In order to explore the concentration level and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cabin of new cars, air samples of 15 newly produced passenger cars in the gaseous and particulate phases under normal temperature and high temperature conditions were collected by using particulate samplers in series with polyurethane foam (PUF) sleeves. The contents of 16 priority PAHs in the samples were determined by GC-MS, and the health risk assessment of drivers and passengers was carried out. The results show that the average detection rates of 16 PAHs in the gaseous and particulate phases is 2.17~50.00.Among them, naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Ace), and phenanthrene (Phe) are detected in some sample cars under high and normal temperature conditions, while phenanthrene (Acy) is detected in all sample cars under high and normal temperature conditions, and the rest of the substances are only detected under high temperature conditions. The concentration of PAHs in cabin of cars under high temperature conditions is higher than that under normal temperature conditions, and the concentration in the gas phase is higher than that in the particulate phase. Overall, Nap exhibites the highest concentration. The carcinogenic health risks of Nap, Ace, Phe, and Acy under high temperature conditions range from 3.53×10-11 to 4.54×10-9, while under normal temperature conditions, they range from 1.70×10-11 to 5.16×10-9. It can be seen that PAHs in the gas phase and particulate phase in cabin of new cars, can be effectively collected by using particulate matter samplers in series with a polyurethane foam (PUF) sleeves for sampling. The detected concentrations of PAHs in cabin of cars, is low, the overall carcinogenic health risk is less than 10-6, and the carcinogenic risk is low.

air in cabin of cars  /  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)  /  health risks  /  exposure assessment
何海峰, 王丹璐, 赵军霞, 李琦, 江楠, 赵秀阁. 车内空气中多环芳烃赋存特征及健康风险评估. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6985 -6992 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406269
Hai-feng HE, Dan-lu WANG, Jun-xia ZHAO, Qi LI, Nan JIANG, Xiu-ge ZHAO. Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in In-vehicle Air[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6985 -6992 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406269
多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是含有至少两个苯环的芳香族化合物,通常以稠环以及非稠环的方式形成,有亲脂性和疏水性等特点[1-2]是一种半挥发性有机物[3]。迄今为止,已有超过200种PAHs被发现,且大多数物质具有剧毒性[4-5]。PAHs对人体呼吸系统、循环系统、神经系统、消化系统(尤其是肝脏)、泌尿系统(尤其肾脏)均可造成严重损害,是潜在的致癌物质,其中长期接触苯并(a)芘等化合物是诱发肺癌的重要原因[6-7]。车内材料种类繁多,如有丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯(PU)、皮革、尼龙以及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的纺织品等。为提升车内材料的使用性能,会在生产过程中加入阻燃剂、增塑剂、紫外线稳定剂、防污剂等多种添加剂[8-9]。随着车辆的使用,内饰材料会缓慢地释放污染物,进而造成车内驾乘人员的健康风险[10]。PAHs是释放的重要有机污染物之一[11]
西方国家的成年人平均每天有5.5%的时间花在汽车上[12-13],其中,美国约为101 min[14],德国约45 min[15],中国平均使用汽车作为交通工具出行的时间约为71 min,平均占整日时间的4.9%,车内是人群暴露于室内空气污染物的重要微环境[16],其对于人群的日均累积空气暴露贡献相对较高[17-18]。因此,汽车车内的空气暴露对于驾乘人员健康的影响非常重要。车内空气中PAHs通过呼吸吸入途径进入人体是其对驾乘人员造成健康危害的主要方式[19]
为探索新车内空气中PAHs物质的赋存特征,浓度水平及健康风险,针对萘(Nap)、苊烯(Acy)、苊(Ace)、芴(Flo)、菲(Phe)、蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Flu)、芘(Pyr)、苯并[a]蒽(BaA)、屈(Chr)、苯并[a]荧蒽(BbF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)、茚并[3-cd]芘(IcdP)、二苯并[a,h]蒽(DahA)和苯并[g,h,i]苝(BghiP)等16种EPA(美国环保署)优先管控的PAHs物质[5],在不同试验场景下,进行车内气相与颗粒相空气样本的采集、检测分析,并评估其检出浓度对驾乘人员经呼吸暴露的健康风险。
测试车辆共计15辆,其中轿车6辆,运动型多用途汽车(sport utility vehicle,SUV)9辆,且均为新生产未上牌的乘用车。
空气中的PAHs通常以气体或附着在颗粒物上的形式存在[11]。为准确检测车内空气中PAHs浓度水平,同时采集空气颗粒相样本和气相样本用于PAHs浓度的检测。采用颗粒物采样器(TH-150F,武汉天虹)与聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)套筒组合使用的形式,通过石英纤维滤膜(90 mm,Whatman)和PUF(6.4 cm×7.6 cm TE-1010,Tisch Environmental),分别采集颗粒相和气相PAHs样品。
采样前,按要求将石英纤维滤膜放置于马弗炉中于400 ℃处理6 h后,置于恒温恒湿箱内平衡24 h,称量并记录质量后备用;将PUF放置于丙酮中连续超声清洗处理3次,每次30 min,处理后放置于真空干燥箱内于50 ℃干燥8 h后备用;颗粒物采样器需组装后经流量校准器校准后使用。
采样过程中实验车辆放于整车VOCs测试环境仓[9 m(长)×5 m(宽)×5 m(高),美国CTS公司],分别参考《车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法》(HJ/T 400—2007)[20]和《道路车辆室内空气 第一部分 整车试验舱—驾驶室内挥发性有机化合物的测定》(ISO 12219—1:2021)[21]进行常温工况和高温工况下车内PAHs样品采集。整个采样过程中使用温湿度监测仪(elitech GPS-8G,精创)进行车内温湿度监测。
依照《车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法》(HJ/T 400—2007)规定的试验步骤,将采样器放于车内中心位置后,分别进行车辆预处理、车辆静置阶段、车辆封闭阶段,完成以上处理后开始常温工况车内PAHs样品采样,采样器按照定时设定,自动采集车内空气30 min(2 000 L),采集后打开车门,迅速取下车内采样器上的滤膜和PUF样本,并更换采样滤膜及PUF。
常温工况采样完成后,依照《道路车辆室内空气 第一部分 整车试验舱—驾驶室内挥发性有机化合物的测定》(ISO 12219—1:2021的试验要求,启动整车VOCs测试环境仓阳光模拟系统,设置光照强度为(400±50)W/m2,光照持续4 h,在最后30 min内开始高温工况采样,采样体积与常温工况一致。
样品采集后按照低温保存要求送至实验室进行检测分析。
在提取前,PUF和石英滤膜用PAHs的替代标准品(Alta Scientific)进行标记。两种样品在摇床中用100 mL的二氯甲烷(农残级,Duksan)和正己烷(农残级,Duksan)(体积比3∶2)提取120 min,然后用超声波处理30 min。获得的提取液在35 ℃下用真空蒸发器(Raykol MPE China)浓缩至0.5 mL,并转移到GC样品瓶中。
样品分析:PAHs通过气质联用仪GC-MS(GCMS-TQ8050 Shimadzu Japan)在电子轰击(EI)模式下分析。化合物通过DB-5MS柱(30 m(长)×0.25 mm(内径)×0.25 μm(粒径),Agilent USA)分离。载气为氦气,流速为1.0 mL/min。柱初始温度为80 ℃,保持2 min,以20 ℃/min升温至180 ℃并保持3 min,然后以15 ℃/min升温至250 ℃,最后以10 ℃/min升温至290 ℃并保持8.4 min。质谱条件为离子源(EI)电子轰击能量70 eV,离子源温度250 ℃。
为消除分析过程中的背景污染,样品制备和提取过程中使用的设备需用丙酮清洗三次。样品分析前,将正己烷注入检测仪器直至背景水平稳定。每批样品分析时都进行程序空白测试。样品最终浓需用样品检出浓度减去程序空白的最大浓度。每个样品都添加替代标准品以监测回收率,滤膜和PUF样品中的回收率分别为62.3%~110%和62.3%~124%。
多环芳烃是间接致癌物,通常以苯并芘(BaP)为代表,因具有高度致癌性[6]。定量健康风险评估用吸入超额个人风险(IR)定义风险等级。其中,IR介于10-6~10-4 时,致癌风险可接受;IR<10-6时,致癌风险可以忽略不计;IR>10-4 时,致癌风险不可接受[22]
ADD= C A i × I R × E T × E F × E D A T × B W
式(1)中:ADD为暴露量,μg/(kg·d),研究种计算的暴露量为气相与颗粒相之和;CAi为BaP当量浓度,μg/m3;IR为呼吸量,根据中国人群暴露参数取值为15.7 m3/d;ET为暴露时间,h/d,根据驾乘人员车内暴露时间取值71 min/d(中国人群汽车出行时间);EF为暴露频率,d/a,根据每年工作日时长取值为250 d/a;ED为暴露持续时间,a,根据评估需要取值为50 a;BW为体重,kg,根据中国人群暴露参数取值为60.6 kg;AT为平均接触时间,取值682 666.8 h,AT=77.93 a(数据来自2020年全国人群期望寿命)×365 d/a×24 h/d。
CAi=Ci×TEFi
式(2)中:Ci为单个PAHs物质浓度,μg/m3;TEFi为与BaP致癌能力有关的毒性当量因子,本次计算中的Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe的TEF均为0.001。
IR=SF×ADD
式(3)中:SF为致癌斜率因子,(kg·d)/μg,Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe的SF均采用0.002 3 (kg·d)/μg。
表1可知,PAHs各物质在整体样本中的检出率为2.17~50,平均为8.97;在颗粒相样本中的检出率为0~34.78,平均为6.25;在气相样本中的检出率为0~100,平均为11.68。其中,Nap在颗粒相和气相样本中均检出,Acy和Ace仅在气相样本中检出,其余物质仅在颗粒相样本中检出,Acy在气相样本中的检出率为100。Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe在高温和常温工况下均检出,其余物质仅在高温工况下检出。
在不同类型样品中检出率的不同主要是因为2环和3环PAHs主要存在于气相样本中,而4~6环PAHs主要以颗粒态形式存在[23]。整体上,2环和3环PAHs的检出率高于4~6环PAHs。根据检出情况,后续仅针对Nap、Acy,Ace和Phe展开分析。
表2可知,高温工况下,整体上车内空气中Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe的总浓度(∑4PAHs)为0.043 8~0.422 4 μg/m3,平均为0.248 6 μg/m3;对于Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe单个物质而言,浓度为0.001 3~0.351 7 μg/m3,其中颗粒相样本中浓度为0.001 3~0.136 5 μg/m3,气相样本中浓度为0.015 8~0.351 7 μg/m3。常温工况下,整体上车内空气中∑4PAHs为0.021 0~0.422 3 μg/m3,平均为0.164 3 μg/m3;对于Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe单个物质而言,浓度为0.001 3~0.400 0 μg/m3,其中颗粒相样本中浓度为0.001 3~0.003 2 μg/m3,气相样本中浓度为0.016 2~0.400 0 μg/m3。整体上,∑4PAHs和Nap、Acy、Ace单个物质的浓度均高于李兰[11]的研究,Phe的浓度低于其研究,与其研究一致的是Nap在车内空气中的浓度最高。
表3中显示了车内Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe浓度高温与常温工况的比值(H/N),各物质的H/N中位值为1.044 3~1.707 3,高温工况下浓度整体上高于常温工况,温度的升高加速了内饰中PAHs的释放。图1中显示在常温和高温工况下∑4PAHs的差异具有显著性。
此外,高温与常温工况下气相样本与颗粒相样本中物质浓度的比值(P/F)结果表明,Nap在高温和常温工况下P/F分别为1.13和22.08,说明在同时具有检出结果的气相和颗粒相样本中,Nap在气相中的赋存浓度高于颗粒相,且常温工况的差异更大,可能是Nap在高温工况下由气相样释放后,由于车内空间的密闭性,无法参与气粒分配而包裹在颗粒物中的缘故[24]
图2显示了高温和常温工况下车内温湿度与车内Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe浓度的相关性。从整体研究来看,温湿度与∑4PAHs和Acy浓度之间具有显著相关性,在其他研究中也有类似报道[25-26]
表4可知,在不同采样温度下不同车型车内Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe的浓度大小具有差异。其中,SUV车辆在高温工况下,车内∑4PAHs 浓度平均值为0.244 2 μg/m3,常温工况下为0.149 2 μg/m3;对于Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe单个物质而言,其总浓度的H/N值的均值为1.640 4,颗粒相样本中H/N值平均为21.981 9,气相样本中H/N值平均为1.712 7。轿车车辆在高温工况下,车内∑4PAHs 浓度平均值为0.257 4 μg/m3,常温工况下为0.194 4 μg/m3;对于Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe单个物质而言,其总浓度的H/N值的均值为1.694 8,气相样本中H/N值平均为1.441 2。
对于Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe单个物质而言,高温工况下SUV车型车内与轿车车型车内不同物质的总浓度均值的比值平均为0.837 5,常温工况下为0.799 9。
不同车型车内浓度的显著性差异显示,SUV车型车内∑4PAHs浓度、Acy浓度在高温和常温工况下的差异具有显著性(P =0.045和P=0.014),轿车车型中车内Acy浓度在高温和常温工况下的差异具有显著性(P=0.012)。
表5中显示了车内Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe在不同温度下的致癌健康风险大小。高温工况下,各物质的致癌风险范围在3.53×10-11~4.54×10-9,其中Nap的致癌风险平均值为2.36×10-9,高于其他物质;常温工况下,各物质致癌风险范围在1.70×10-11~5.16×10-9,其中Nap的致癌风险平均值为2.05×10-9,高于其他物质。
不同车型的风险由于各物质浓度的大小略有不同。整体上,轿车车辆的致癌健康风险高于SUV车辆,且Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe的健康风险均<10-6,其造成的致癌风险可以忽略不计。相较于李兰[11]研究中显示的车内空气中Nap、Acy、Ace和Phe可能造成健康风险而言,结果表明,新车车内饰释放的污染物在良好的政策执行下得到了良好的控制。
图3显示了不同温度下Acy的致癌健康风险具有显著性,整体上P <0.05;而不同车型间各物质致癌健康风险的大小,无显著性差异。
由于计算中仅考虑工作日的交通出行,且出行时间采用全国均值,可能低估车内的健康风险。
采用颗粒物采样器与PUF套筒串联的方式,有效的采集车内空气中气相及颗粒相的PAHs,并通过对15台新生产乘用车在常温、高温光照2种工况下的车内空气中PAHs浓度的检测,评估车内PAHs的致癌健康风险大小,得出如下结论。
(1)16种PAHs物质在本次15台车辆车内气态和颗粒态样本中的平均检出率为2.17~50.00,其中Nap、Ace和Phe在部分样车高温和常温工况下均检出,Acy在所有样车高温和常温工况下均检出,其余物质仅在高温下检出。
(2)高温工况下,车内空气中Nap、Acy、Ace、Phe浓度高于常温工况,浓度比值平均为1.044 3~1.707 3,且气相中浓度高于颗粒相,Nap在高温和常温工况下气态和颗粒态浓度的比值分别为1.13和22.08。
(3)整体上,高温工况下Nap、Ace、Phe、Acy的致癌健康风险平均值高于常温工况,平均为1.57倍,其中,高温工况下的致癌健康风险范围在3.53×10-11~4.54×10-9,常温下的致癌健康风险范围在1.70×10-11~5.16×10-9,总体上的车辆车内空气中PAHs检出浓度较低,致癌健康风险整体<10-6,致癌风险较低。
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406269
  • 接收时间:2024-08-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-21
  • 修回日期:2025-03-20
基金
中国汽研公司级课题(0001KTCP20230360-01)
中国汽研公司级课题(0001KTCP20230360-03)
中国汽研“揭榜挂帅”项目(CIIP-2021-001)
国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室开放基金(VECS2021S04)
中央财政科技计划结余经费(2021-JY-03)
作者信息
    1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司, 重庆 401122
    2 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012

通讯作者:

* 王丹璐(1991—),女,汉族,甘肃张掖人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:环境健康调查与风险评估。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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