Article(id=1149789601549742524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406133, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=1742227200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752060803067, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752060803067, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752060803067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752060803067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6862, endPage=6868, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149789601734291901, articleId=1149789601549742524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Transient Simulation Calculation Model of Water Hammer in Supercritical CO2 Pipeline, columnId=1172606851066774020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Chemical Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a key link between carbon source and carbon sink in carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology, CO2 pipeline transportation will play an important role in the process of carbon neutralization in the future. For the pipeline water hammer condition, the pressure oscillation may exceed the pressure in the pipe and be lower than the inlet pressure of the pump. At present, the water hammer and control theory of supercritical CO2 pipeline is not mature. A mathematical model based on the law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy was established to describe the one-dimensional gas flow in the pipeline. The characteristic line method was used to solve the model, and the MATLAB programming was used to calculate. The simulation results were compared with the simulation results of the gas transmission system model proposed by Kiuchi and the simulation results of the commercial software OLGA. The results show that the simulation results are generally consistent with the simulation results of the gas transmission system model. Compared with OLGA software, the maximum relative errors of pressure and flow are 0.02% and 2.32%, respectively, which meet the requirements of engineering calculation accuracy. For the fast transient process of pipeline parameter change caused by pipeline compressor start and stop, valve emergency switch and rapid change of flow in a short time, the rapid change value is set to simulate. The established model can calculate the parameter change of each node with high accuracy, which can provide theoretical support and technical support for the localization of supercritical CO2 pipeline transportation process simulation software.

, correspAuthors=Meng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meng LI, Shao-dong JING, Zhen-ning FAN, Hai-ning LIANG, Yan ZHANG, Xiang-wei ZHANG, Jun-hui ZHANG, Jia-ling WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149789615655186991, articleId=1149789601549742524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=超临界CO2管道水击瞬态仿真计算模型, columnId=1172606851230351877, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·化学工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

CO2管道输送作为碳捕集、利用和封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS)技术中的连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节,未来将在实现碳中和过程中发挥重要作用。对于管道水击工况,其产生的压力震荡可能超过管内承压和低于泵的进站压力。目前,超临界CO2管道水击及控制理论还不成熟。建立以质量、动量和能量守恒定律为基础的描述管道内一维气体流动的数学模型,采用特征线法进行求解,利用MATLAB编程计算,分别与Kiuchi提出的输气系统模型的模拟结果和商业软件OLGA模拟的结果进行对比分析。结果表明:与输气系统模型的模拟结果大体一致,与OLGA软件计算压力和流量的最大相对误差分别为0.02%和2.32%,满足工程计算精度的要求。对于管道压缩机启停、阀门紧急开关和流量急剧变化等在较短时间内引起管道参数变化的快瞬变过程,通过设置急剧变化值进行模拟,所建立的模型能够计算出各个节点的参数变化情况且精度较高,可为超临界CO2管道输送工艺仿真软件国产化提供理论支持与技术支持。

, correspAuthors=李萌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FGi5mrx1Tn6UtHzRp8rsxQ==, magXml=EsIEibuRao2xXzGxqzu/CA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4DaWvM7WofJapO6FUNqChA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=MHKrM4FjU/fOOLj190Xe1g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李萌(1991—),女,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:超临界二氧化碳管输关键技术。E-mail:

, authorsList=李萌, 荆少东, 范振宁, 梁海宁, 张艳, 张湘玮, 张钧晖, 吴佳凌)}, authors=[Author(id=1177977230815801613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mengli_upc@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1177977230912270609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, authorId=1177977230815801613, language=EN, stringName=Meng LI, firstName=Meng, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 China Petrochemical Petroleum Engineering Design Co. , Ltd. , Dongying 257026, China
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李萌(1991—),女,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:超临界二氧化碳管输关键技术。E-mail:

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李萌(1991—),女,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:超临界二氧化碳管输关键技术。E-mail:

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Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation, 2024, 43(5): 481-491., articleTitle=Development and prospect of supercritical CO2 pipeline transmission technology in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177977235261763923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, awardId=323009, language=CN, fundingSource=中石化十条龙项目(323009), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177977235341455700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, awardId=SQ2022YFE020862, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(SQ2022YFE020862), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177977235479867733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, awardId=2022YFE0115800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0115800), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177977230522200320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230530588929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230522200320, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Petrochemical Petroleum Engineering Design Co. , Ltd. , Dongying 257026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230538977538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230522200320, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中石化石油工程设计有限公司, 东营 257026)]), AuthorCompany(id=1177977230597697795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230606086404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230597697795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 CCUS Key Laboratory of Sinopec, Dongying 257026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230614475013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230597697795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中石化CCUS重点实验室, 东营 257026)]), AuthorCompany(id=1177977230669000966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230677389575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230669000966, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Engineering Department of China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100728, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230685778184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230669000966, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石油化工股份有限公司工程部, 北京 100728)]), AuthorCompany(id=1177977230731915529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230740304138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230731915529, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177977230744498443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, companyId=1177977230731915529, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国石油大学(华东)油气储运工程国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心, 青岛 266580)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177977233701482819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Characteristic line discrete grid diagram, figureFileSmall=EIsNGhBBEjP8dlvKtlK7jA==, figureFileBig=43ga/S9xH5TXF6kE+4QRwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977233781174596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=CN, label=图1, caption=特征线差分网格示意图

i为第i这个节点;i-1为第i节点的前一个节点;i+1为第i节点的后一个节点;k为第k层时间;k+1为第k+1层时间;G为左特征线与第k层时间的交点;M为材料特征线与第k层时间的交点;H为为右特征线与第k层时间的交点;A点为待求的k+1层时间的点

, figureFileSmall=EIsNGhBBEjP8dlvKtlK7jA==, figureFileBig=43ga/S9xH5TXF6kE+4QRwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977233919586629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Gas transmission system model diagram, figureFileSmall=MgMbg1pb0ECqX2+24NWfGw==, figureFileBig=aTP5UrfJVGZ4k362buvKTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977234049610054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=输气系统模型图

L为管道长度;箭头代表流动方向

, figureFileSmall=MgMbg1pb0ECqX2+24NWfGw==, figureFileBig=aTP5UrfJVGZ4k362buvKTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977234104136007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Change of inlet flow with time, figureFileSmall=chixuO6dOXJ41gFkjTv+tw==, figureFileBig=LHwvxmP6MH745vzEyLeUsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977234242548040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=CN, label=图3, caption=进口流量随时间的变化

黑线为本文对该工况模拟得出的进口流量变化曲线;红线为Abbaspour等[16]对本工况模拟得出的进口流量变化曲线

, figureFileSmall=chixuO6dOXJ41gFkjTv+tw==, figureFileBig=LHwvxmP6MH745vzEyLeUsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977234376765769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=OLGA model building diagram, figureFileSmall=gQIP1oET2eqGxt1uLqTgYw==, figureFileBig=njCR0W8DKz2JvTSIi91MYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177977234506789194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149789601549742524, language=CN, label=图4, caption=OLGA模型建立图

NODE_4表示封闭节点;SOUR-1表示流量边界;NODE_2表示压力边界;FLOWPATH_1表示流通管道

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超临界CO2管道水击瞬态仿真计算模型
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李萌 1, 2 , 荆少东 3 , 范振宁 1, 2 , 梁海宁 1, 2 , 张艳 1, 2 , 张湘玮 1, 2 , 张钧晖 1, 2 , 吴佳凌 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·化学工业 2025,25(16): 6862-6868
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·化学工业 2025, 25(16): 6862-6868
超临界CO2管道水击瞬态仿真计算模型
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李萌1, 2 , 荆少东3, 范振宁1, 2, 梁海宁1, 2, 张艳1, 2, 张湘玮1, 2, 张钧晖1, 2, 吴佳凌4
作者信息
  • 1 中石化石油工程设计有限公司, 东营 257026
  • 2 中石化CCUS重点实验室, 东营 257026
  • 3 中国石油化工股份有限公司工程部, 北京 100728
  • 4 中国石油大学(华东)油气储运工程国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心, 青岛 266580
  • 李萌(1991—),女,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:超临界二氧化碳管输关键技术。E-mail:

Transient Simulation Calculation Model of Water Hammer in Supercritical CO2 Pipeline
Meng LI1, 2 , Shao-dong JING3, Zhen-ning FAN1, 2, Hai-ning LIANG1, 2, Yan ZHANG1, 2, Xiang-wei ZHANG1, 2, Jun-hui ZHANG1, 2, Jia-ling WU4
Affiliations
  • 1 China Petrochemical Petroleum Engineering Design Co. , Ltd. , Dongying 257026, China
  • 2 CCUS Key Laboratory of Sinopec, Dongying 257026, China
  • 3 Engineering Department of China Petroleum Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100728, China
  • 4 National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406133
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CO2管道输送作为碳捕集、利用和封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS)技术中的连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节,未来将在实现碳中和过程中发挥重要作用。对于管道水击工况,其产生的压力震荡可能超过管内承压和低于泵的进站压力。目前,超临界CO2管道水击及控制理论还不成熟。建立以质量、动量和能量守恒定律为基础的描述管道内一维气体流动的数学模型,采用特征线法进行求解,利用MATLAB编程计算,分别与Kiuchi提出的输气系统模型的模拟结果和商业软件OLGA模拟的结果进行对比分析。结果表明:与输气系统模型的模拟结果大体一致,与OLGA软件计算压力和流量的最大相对误差分别为0.02%和2.32%,满足工程计算精度的要求。对于管道压缩机启停、阀门紧急开关和流量急剧变化等在较短时间内引起管道参数变化的快瞬变过程,通过设置急剧变化值进行模拟,所建立的模型能够计算出各个节点的参数变化情况且精度较高,可为超临界CO2管道输送工艺仿真软件国产化提供理论支持与技术支持。

特征线  /  超临界CO2管道  /  水击  /  数值仿真

As a key link between carbon source and carbon sink in carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology, CO2 pipeline transportation will play an important role in the process of carbon neutralization in the future. For the pipeline water hammer condition, the pressure oscillation may exceed the pressure in the pipe and be lower than the inlet pressure of the pump. At present, the water hammer and control theory of supercritical CO2 pipeline is not mature. A mathematical model based on the law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy was established to describe the one-dimensional gas flow in the pipeline. The characteristic line method was used to solve the model, and the MATLAB programming was used to calculate. The simulation results were compared with the simulation results of the gas transmission system model proposed by Kiuchi and the simulation results of the commercial software OLGA. The results show that the simulation results are generally consistent with the simulation results of the gas transmission system model. Compared with OLGA software, the maximum relative errors of pressure and flow are 0.02% and 2.32%, respectively, which meet the requirements of engineering calculation accuracy. For the fast transient process of pipeline parameter change caused by pipeline compressor start and stop, valve emergency switch and rapid change of flow in a short time, the rapid change value is set to simulate. The established model can calculate the parameter change of each node with high accuracy, which can provide theoretical support and technical support for the localization of supercritical CO2 pipeline transportation process simulation software.

characteristic line  /  supercritical CO2 pipeline  /  water hammer  /  numerical simulation
李萌, 荆少东, 范振宁, 梁海宁, 张艳, 张湘玮, 张钧晖, 吴佳凌. 超临界CO2管道水击瞬态仿真计算模型. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6862 -6868 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406133
Meng LI, Shao-dong JING, Zhen-ning FAN, Hai-ning LIANG, Yan ZHANG, Xiang-wei ZHANG, Jun-hui ZHANG, Jia-ling WU. Transient Simulation Calculation Model of Water Hammer in Supercritical CO2 Pipeline[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6862 -6868 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406133
温室气体是造成大气温度逐渐升高的主要原因,温室气体的主要成分是CO2。为了控制全球变暖温度在1.5 ℃以内,随着全球气候治理进入关键阶段,众多国家和地区相继制定了碳中和计划[1]。在此背景下,碳捕集、利用和封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS)技术作为减缓气候变化的关键技术,其创新研发与工程应用正加速推进[2],在全球减排过程中将贡献约15%的减排量[3]。长期以来,中国政府高度重视CCUS技术发展[4]。CO2管道输送作为CCUS技术中的连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节,未来将在实现碳中和过程中发挥重要作用。为了能高效的运输CO2,管道输送CO2一般处于超临界态[5]。目前,中国超临界CO2管输技术尚处于起步阶段,获取的管道运行参数数据较为有限,对超临界CO2快瞬变流特性的认识尚不全面。
超临界CO2管道在运行过程中,由于压缩机的突然开关、阀门的突然开关会引起管道内参数的急剧变化,造成沿线压力的不稳定,增压波和减压波的传递分别会引起超过管内承压和造成泵气蚀的后果[6]。因此,揭示特殊工况下超临界CO2管道运行参数的变化规律,对实现管道动态控制、提高管道运行效率具有重要意义。对于CO2管道水击瞬态的研究,聂超飞等[7]对采用OLGA软件建立瞬态模型研究地形起伏情况下含杂质超临界CO2管道的水击问题,研究发现比CO2低密度杂质会降低水击压力。苗青等[8]采用OLGA软件对CO2长输管道不同里程处的阀室内进行关阀,结果表明,关阀位置越靠近上游,阀门上游达到最大压力的时间越短且越大。马馨苑等[9]通过实验,对OLGA软件和Lead flow软件在CO2瞬态模拟时的适用性进行了评价。对于CO2管道自编软件,Yu等[10-11]对CO2管道减压进行了建模预测。李欣泽等[12]分别采用OLGA和MATLAB编程的方式,建立超临界管输水力热力计算模型探究超临界CO2安全停输时间的影响因素。朱海上等[13]建立了高压CO2管道泄漏压力动态响应计算模型,结合CO2管道泄漏实验和HYSYS软件进行了新建模型验证和压降特性分析。李玉星等[14]通过C++编程求解,建立一维超临界/密相CO2管道流量波动瞬态仿真模型,并将其于OLGA软件对比有很好的效果。
综上可知,中外学者对于CO2管道水击瞬态的研究大多基于OLGA等商业软件,对于自编软件大多基于泄漏减压等瞬态工况,对于超临界CO2管道,水击形成机制和保护措施还未得到统一的认识,缺乏对应的模型为国产软件以及超临界CO2水击的研究提供理论和技术支持。鉴于此,建立以质量、动量和能量守恒定律为基础的管道快瞬的数学模型,用MATLAB编制程序对模型进行求解,对超临界CO2管道的水击工况进行模拟,为管道的安全运行提供理论依据,有助于开发一款针对于超临界CO2的仿真计算软件。
一维气体管流的基本方程见式(1)~式(3)。
(1)质量守恒方程为
ρ τ+ ( ρ ω ) x=0
(2)动量守恒方程为
( ρ ω ) τ+ ( P + ρ ω 2 ) x+ ρ ω 2 λ 2 D+ρg d G d x=0
(3)能量守恒方程为
-ρω H f x= ρ u + ω 2 2 + g G τ+ ( ρ ω ) h + ω 2 2 + g G x
式中:ρ为密度,kg/m3;ω为流速,m/s;τ为时间,s;x为管道长度,m;P为压强,Pa;λ为摩阻系数;D为管径,m;Hf为单位质量气体吸收的热量,J/kg;u为比内能,J/kg;h为比焓,J/kg;g为重力加速度,m/s2; d G d x为单位长度的高程变化。
通过参数求和法将式(1)~式(3)化为常微分方程。可以得到3个特征值见式(4)和式(5)。
d x d τ 00= m ρ A
d x d τ ±±= m ρ A±as=ω±as
式(5)中:m为质量流量,kg/s;A为管道流通面积,m2;as为声速,m/s,as的计算公式为
as= C P T C P T + P T ρ ρ T ρ - 2 P ρ T
式(6)中:CP为定压比热容,J/(kg·K); T为流体温度,K;λ+为左特征线方向;λ-为右特征线方向。
可以得到左特征线方程[式(7)],右特征线方程[式(8)]和材料特征线方程[式(9)]。
左特征线方程 沿 d x d τ = ω + a s
$\begin{array}{l} {\left[1-\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial P}\right)_{T} \frac{m a_{\mathrm{s}}}{\rho A}\right] \frac{\mathrm{d} P}{\mathrm{~d} \tau}-\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial T}\right)_{\mathrm{P}} \frac{m a_{\mathrm{s}}}{\rho A} \frac{\mathrm{~d} T}{\mathrm{~d} \tau}+\frac{a_{\mathrm{s}}}{A} \frac{\mathrm{~d} m}{\mathrm{~d} \tau}+} \\ \quad \rho g a_{\mathrm{s}} \frac{\mathrm{~d} G}{\mathrm{~d} x}+\frac{\lambda m^{2} a_{\mathrm{s}}}{2 D A^{2} \rho}+\frac{\lambda m^{3} a_{\mathrm{s}}\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial T}\right)_{\mathrm{P}}}{2 D A^{3} \rho^{3} C_{\mathrm{P}}}- \\ \quad \frac{4 K\left(T-T_{\mathrm{amb}}\right) a_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial T}\right)_{\mathrm{P}}}{\rho C_{\mathrm{P}} D}=0 \end{array}$
式(7)中:Tamb为环境温度,K;K为传热系数,W/(m2·K)。
右特征线方程 沿 d x d τ = ω - a s
$\begin{array}{l} {\left[1+\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial P}\right)_{T} \frac{m a_{\mathrm{s}}}{\rho A}\right] \frac{\mathrm{d} P}{\mathrm{~d} \tau}+\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial T}\right)_{\mathrm{P}} \frac{m a_{\mathrm{s}}}{\rho A} \frac{\mathrm{~d} T}{\mathrm{~d} \tau}-\frac{a_{\mathrm{s}}}{A} \frac{\mathrm{~d} m}{\mathrm{~d} \tau}} \\ \quad-\rho g a_{\mathrm{s}} \frac{\mathrm{~d} G}{\mathrm{~d} x}-\frac{\lambda m^{2} a_{\mathrm{s}}}{2 D A^{2} \rho}+\frac{\lambda m^{3} a_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial T}\right)_{\mathrm{P}}}{2 D A^{3} \rho^{3} C_{\mathrm{P}}}- \\ \quad \frac{4 K\left(T-T_{\mathrm{amb}}\right) a_{\mathrm{s}}\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial T}\right)_{\mathrm{P}}}{\rho C_{\mathrm{P}} D}=0 \end{array}$
材料特征线方程 沿 d x d τ = ω
ρ h P T - 1 d P d τ h T P d T d τ- λ m 3 2 D A 3 ρ 2+ 4 K ( T - T a m b ) D=0
摩阻系数通过式(10)可得。
1 λ=-2lg K e 3.7 D + 2.51 R e λ
式(10)中:Re为雷诺数; Ke为管子的当量粗糙度,mm。
由于非稳定一维流动的特征线解法可以构成各式各样的有限差分网格和总的步进算法,在此选用较为简单的逆步进法[15]。 特征线差分网格示意图如图1所示,当 d x d τ=ω+as d x d τ=ω时,其斜率为正且ω+as>ω,故图1AGAM分别为左特征线和材料特征线。当 d x d τ=ω-as时,其斜率为负,故图1AH为右特征线。网格划分需要满足式(11)稳定性条件。
Δτ m i n 1 i N Δ x | a s + ω |
式(11)中:N为全线网格节点数;Δτ为时间步长,s;Δx为空间步长,m。
在特征线段AGAMAH上分别沿着特征线做差分可得
AA1 P A - P G Δ τ-BB1 T A - T G Δ τ+CC1 m A - m G Δ τ=DD1
EE2 P A - P H Δ τ+BB2 T A - T H Δ τ-CC2 m A - m H Δ τ=FF2
GG3 P A - P M Δ τ+HH3 T A - T M Δ τ=KK3
式中:AA1、BB1、CC1、DD1表示沿着左特征线AG的常数值,其计算需要用到A点和G点的压力和温度,下标为1;EE2、BB2、CC2、FF2表示沿着右特征线AH的常数值,其计算需要用到A点和H点的压力和温度,下表为2;GG3、HH3、KK3表示沿着材料特征线AM的常数值,其计算需要用到A点和M点的压力和温度,下标为3;下标1表示沿着左特征线方程的常数值;下标2表示沿着右特征线方程的常数值;下标3表示沿着材料特征线方程的常数值;PAA点的压力,Pa;PGG点的压力,Pa;PHH点的压力,Pa;PMM点的压力,Pa;mAA点的质量流量,kg/s;mGG点的质量流量,kg/s;mHH点的质量流量,kg/s;TAA点的温度,K;TGG点的温度,K;TMM点的温度,K;THH点的温度,K。
其中常数值的计算公式分别为
AA=1- ρ P T m a s ρ A
BB= ρ T P m a s ρ A
CC= a s A
DD=- λ m 2 a s 2 D A 2 ρ- λ m 3 a s 2 ρ T P 2 D A 3 ρ 3 C P+ 4 K ( T - T a m b ) a s 2 ρ T P ρ C P D-ρgas d G d x
FF= λ m 2 a s 2 D A 2 ρ- λ m 3 a s 2 ρ T P 2 D A 3 ρ 3 C P+ 4 K ( T - T a m b ) a s 2 ρ T P ρ C P D+ρgas d G d x
EE=1+ ρ P T m a s ρ A
GG=ρ h P T-1
HH=ρ h T P
KK= λ m 3 2 D A 3 ρ 2- 4 K ( T - T a m b ) D
式中:AA、BB、CC、DD、FF、EE、GG、HH、KK为常数值,以AA为例,在求解过程中,先对每个特征线上的值所需要的常数值进行求解,如对于左特征线AG上,用A点和G点的压力和温度进而求解AA,结果用AA1表示,而在右特征线上,需要用A点和M点的压力和温度求解AA,求解出来的常数值用AA2表示,两个值所用的压力和温度不同。
3个方程求解3个未知数,采用欧拉预估和黄金分割法求解上面的系数。最终迭代得到所求的PTm
以上特征差分方程组是针对求解域网格的内节点建立的,对于边界点,由于可提供的特征线数目减少,相应的特征差分方程数也减少,这时必须附加一些边界条件才能构成封闭方程组。无论是内节点还是边界点,都可以解出该点处的PTm
(1)左边界点。左边界点缺乏左特征线和材料特征线,仅存在右特征线。这种情况下只能解出一个未知数,必须明确给定两个边界条件才能进行求解。通常情况下,左边节点被视为气源,其进口的温度和压力是已知的。
(2)右边界点。右边界点缺乏右特征线,可以列出两个方程求解两个未知数,需要给定一个边界条件。右边界点一般为分气点,出口的流量已知。
首先,将本文模型与Abbaspour等[16]采用的输气系统模型模拟结果进行对比,通过关闭出口阀门观察入口流量的变化,常用于检验快瞬模型的准确性。模型图如图2所示。该模型为一段长L=5 000 m的水平管道,其中,内径D=500 mm,地温为Tamb=25 ℃,传热系数K=2.84 W/(m2·K),摩阻系数λ=0.08。保持进口压力为5 MPa不变,该模型一共历时60 min,前10 min保持阀门关闭,出口流量为0,进口温度保持在20 ℃,10 min后打开阀门,30 s内出口流量从0增加到300 000 Nm3/h,进口温度保持在50 ℃,阀门打开20 min。30 min后阀门关闭,30 s内流量从300 000 Nm3/h减少到0,进口温度保持在20 ℃。
入口压力为5 MPa;Q为出口流量,单位:Nm3/h,可表示为
Q= 0 , 0 τ < 10 300000 , 10 τ < 30 0 , 30 τ 60
式(24)中:τ为时间,min。
入口温度T,单位:℃,可表示为
T= 20 , 0 τ < 10 50 , 10 τ < 30 20 , 30 τ 60
对上述输气系统进行了模拟,对比结果如图3所示。通过对比可知,该模拟结果和Abbaspour等[16]的结果在变化点出现的峰值和趋势大体一致,说明本模型可行。
OLGA软件是一款多相流瞬态仿真软件,工程设计中OLGA使用频率高,其适用于瞬态的水击停输及投产等工况[17]。因此,选用OLGA对建立的模型进行验证对比。在此,采用该模型与OLGA软件分别对流量突然增大,流量突然减小从而导致水击的工况进行模拟,对比验证该模型的计算性能。其中在OLGA中建立的模型图如图4所示。
该模型为一段长3 000 m的CO2管道,其中直径为500 mm,绝对粗糙度为0.05 m,地温Tamb=25 ℃,传热系数K=2.84 W/(m2·K),保持出口压力为7.5 MPa不变,入口温度为40 ℃,该模型一共历时60 min,通过改变入口流量来达到水击的产生,其入口流量的变化如下。
(1)流量的突然减小,前20 min保持入口流量为40 kg/s,20 min后流量突然变为30 kg/s并保持不变。
(2)流量的突然增大,前20 min保持入口流量为40 kg/s,20 min后流量突然变为50 kg/s并保持不变。
流量突然减小从而产生水击这一工况,其入口压力和出口流量变化如图5所示。可以看出,入口流量突然减小会导致入口压力和出口流量产生震荡,这种震荡在该模型和OLGA软件模拟中都有所体现,两者在趋势、峰值和波动幅度上都呈现一致性,唯一的区别在于震荡周期方面,该模型的震荡周期比OLGA软件的快,这可能是由于两者计算减压波波速的不同。峰值的差值不大,对超临界二氧化碳管道的安全运行就有一定的指导作用。图6为管道在此工况下1 000 m处和2 000 m处的压力震荡情况,通过对比结果发现,在管道的其他位置,模型预测的压力震荡幅度和OLGA模拟的结果一致,这进一步验证了模型的可行性,说明该模型能够有效的计算出超临界CO2快瞬变流情况下的管道运行参数。
流量突然增大从而产生水击这一工况,其入口压力和出口流量变化图如图7所示。保持出口压力不变,入口流量突然增大会导致入口压力的增大且在这个值上下波动,最终由于摩擦消耗稳定下来。通过对比发现,随着入口流量的增大,该模型和OLGA软件计算的入口压力和出口流量的震荡幅度仍然一致。观察图8可知,其处于不同距离处的压力震荡也一致。
对比所建立模型与OLGA软件模拟流量增大和流量减小产生的水击,在流量突然增大时,压力震荡的峰值和OLGA压力震荡的峰值的最大相对误差为0.02%,出口质量流量的峰值的最大相对误差为2.32%,在流量突然减小时,压力震荡的峰值和OLAGA压力震荡的峰值的最大相对误差为0.02%,出口质量流量的峰值的最大相对误差为1.55%。
综上,无论是入口流量突然增大引起的压力震荡,还是入口流量突然减小而引起的压力震荡,模型能够很好地计算出快瞬变流工况下整个管道的流量和压力的变化,能够作为超临界CO2管道快瞬变工况下的计算模型,为超临界CO2管道的安全运行提供理论依据,提高管道的安全运行效率。
(1)建立以质量、动量和能量守恒定律为基础的描述管道内一维气体流动的数学模型,采用特征线法进行求解,利用MATLAB编程计算,通过对比论文的结果和OLGA软件模拟的结果,验证了模型的准确性和可行性。分析发现,该模型模拟的输气系统得出的入口流量变化和论文得出的入口流量变化大体一致,与OLGA软件计算的压力震荡幅度和峰值一致,其压力震荡峰值的最大相对误差为0.02%,满足工程计算精度要求。在超临界CO2快瞬变流工况上,能够较为准确的计算出整个管道的压力和流量变化。
(2)特征线法具有高精度、有良好的数值稳定性等特点,将特征线法应用于求解超临界CO2快瞬变流工况,能够准确、迅速地分析超临界CO2管道运行参数的变化,对实现管道动态控制,提高管道运行效率具有重要意义。目前,国内还没有一款针对超临界CO2的仿真计算软件,该模型可为超临界CO2管道输送工艺仿真软件国产化提供理论支持与技术支持,后续研究可以从优化算法方面提高该模型的计算速度和精度。
  • 中石化十条龙项目(323009)
  • 国家重点研发计划(SQ2022YFE020862)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0115800)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406133
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 修回日期:2025-03-18
基金
中石化十条龙项目(323009)
国家重点研发计划(SQ2022YFE020862)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0115800)
作者信息
    1 中石化石油工程设计有限公司, 东营 257026
    2 中石化CCUS重点实验室, 东营 257026
    3 中国石油化工股份有限公司工程部, 北京 100728
    4 中国石油大学(华东)油气储运工程国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心, 青岛 266580
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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