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Article(id=1149781963126563788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309906, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702569600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-15, revisedDate=1733068800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058981925, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058981925, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058981925, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058981925, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149781952959574654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='3529', pageEnd='3967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058979501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776333392421, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3828, endPage=3839, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149781963445330893, articleId=1149781963126563788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Road Performance of WCO-modified High Dosage RAP Hot Mix/Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Mixtures, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been utilized in numerous road projects. However, considering safety and service life, further in-depth investigation is required into the road performance of high dosage RAP hot-mix/warm-mix recycled asphalt mixtures under traffic loads. To investigate this, indoor tests and mathematical analysis were employed to examine the impact of design parameters, including the waste cooking oil (WCO) content, RAP dosage, and mixing method, on the road performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. The results indicate that in most cases, the VMA of R-100RAP mixes exceeds 14%, and the VV exceeds 3%. Moreover, both the VV and VMA of asphalt mixtures with 60% RAP content, 10% WCO, and 1.0% asphalt fall within specified ranges. Additionally, the split strength ratios of the majority of R-100RAP, R-80RAP, W-80RAP, and R-60RAP mixes surpass 80%, indicating excellent resistance to water damage. The addition of WCO proves beneficial in enhancing the water damage resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures. Although the rutting resistance of the W-80RAP asphalt mixture was inferior to that of the recycled asphalt mixtures containing R-80RAP and R-60RAP, all three exhibited commendable rutting resistance. When comparing the performance of W-80RAP and R-60RAP, it is observed that W-80RAP exhibits a smaller phase angle and a larger stiffness value, indicating better aging resistance. In order to maximise performance and facilitate the effective building of high dosage RAP hot-mix/warm-mix recycled asphalt mixes, the research provides a theoretical framework.

, correspAuthors=Qun-shui YE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cheng LIU, Yi-ming LIU, Qun-shui YE, Tao HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149782011319116631, articleId=1149781963126563788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=废食用油改性高掺量沥青混合料回收料热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料路用性能, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目前沥青混合料回收料(reclaimed asphalt pavement, RAP)已在众多道路工程得到了应用,但基于安全性和使用寿命考虑,对于高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料在交通荷载下的路用性能仍有待深入研究。为研究高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料在交通荷载下的路用性能,采用室内试验同时结合了数学分析的方法,分析废食用油(waste cooking oil, WCO)含量、RAP掺量以及拌合方式等再生沥青混合料设计参数对再生沥青混合料路用性能影响规律。研究结果表明:在多数情况下R-100RAP混合料的矿料间隙率(VMA)大于14%且空隙率(VV)大于3%,60%RAP含量的沥青混合料在添加10%WCO和1.0%沥青时,VV和VMA均处于规定范围内。R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料的绝大部分劈裂强度比大于80%,展现其良好的抗水损能力,WCO的加入有利于提升再生沥青混合料的抗水损能力。W-80RAP再生沥青混合料的抗车辙性能低于含有R-80RAP和R-60RAP再生沥青混合料,但三者均展现出了良好的抗车辙性。对比W-80RAP与R-60RAP的性能,W-80RAP拥有更小的相位角和更大的刚度值,且抗老化能力更好。研究结果为高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料的性能优化及高效施工提供了理论依据。

, correspAuthors=叶群水, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 叶群水(1988—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水泥材料。E-mail:。
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刘成(1988—),男,四川成都人,硕士,讲师。研究方向:水泥路面材料及结构。E-mail:。

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刘成(1988—),男,四川成都人,硕士,讲师。研究方向:水泥路面材料及结构。E-mail:。

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刘成(1988—),男,四川成都人,硕士,讲师。研究方向:水泥路面材料及结构。E-mail:。

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ERA/WCO复合改性沥青及沥青混合料高低温性能[J]. 湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 37(4): 49-56., articleTitle=ERA/WCO复合改性沥青及沥青混合料高低温性能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1251249381870088412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=49, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zuo Yun, Zhao Xiaowen, Yan Kezhen, journalName=Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zuo Yun, Zhao Xiaowen, Yan Kezhen, et al. On high and low-temperature performance of European rock asphalt and waste cooking oil compound modified asphalt[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 37(4): 49-56., articleTitle=On high and low-temperature performance of European rock asphalt and waste cooking oil compound modified asphalt, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1251249381941391583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=230, issue=null, pageStart=116985, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Ahmed R B, Hossain K, journalName=Construction and Building Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahmed R B, Hossain K. Waste cooking oil as an asphalt rejuvenator: a state-of-the-art review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 230: 116985., articleTitle=Waste cooking oil as an asphalt rejuvenator: a state-of-the-art review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1251249382029471971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=268, issue=null, pageStart=121200, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Yousefi A, Behnood A, Nowruzi A, journalName=Construction and Building Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yousefi A, Behnood A, Nowruzi A, et al. Performance evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)[J]. 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figureFileSmall=2FFdNCdMpXQsS/XxjRaIQQ==, figureFileBig=avrNEsQDkyG1bOOaLRqdtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249373934465820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同R-100RAP混合料试样的VV和VMA, figureFileSmall=2FFdNCdMpXQsS/XxjRaIQQ==, figureFileBig=avrNEsQDkyG1bOOaLRqdtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374072877862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=VV and VMA for R-80RAP, W-80RAP and R-60RAP mixes, figureFileSmall=OyBxrXtwQaRQuJO0EtlM/g==, figureFileBig=Iw5pXsKo1GI+gxz9jjwTUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374228067124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图5, caption=R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料的VV和VMA, figureFileSmall=OyBxrXtwQaRQuJO0EtlM/g==, figureFileBig=Iw5pXsKo1GI+gxz9jjwTUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374337119038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Stability and flow values of R-100RAP asphalt mixtures, figureFileSmall=MOknK612aoI/kmrWUwRo4A==, figureFileBig=N4ve7Kx+M4vEH9rzxHpDBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374458753862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图6, caption=R-100RAP沥青混合料的稳定度和流值, figureFileSmall=MOknK612aoI/kmrWUwRo4A==, figureFileBig=N4ve7Kx+M4vEH9rzxHpDBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374572000083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Stability and flow values of R-80RAP, W-80RAP, and R-60RAP Asphalt Mixtures, figureFileSmall=M1dSVStsJmZGKDisrwT1Qw==, figureFileBig=W4oQJH+8XQIeTBl0xfEW3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374685246297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图7, caption=R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP沥青混合料的稳定度和流值, figureFileSmall=M1dSVStsJmZGKDisrwT1Qw==, figureFileBig=W4oQJH+8XQIeTBl0xfEW3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374802686816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Split strength of R-100RAP, R-80RAP, W-80RAP, and R-60RAP asphalt mixtures, figureFileSmall=CYEEVDCy7kixk/5nDJhHlQ==, figureFileBig=+49uzqAte3/JVK4hRgbKpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249374924321646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图8, caption=R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP沥青混合料的劈裂强度, figureFileSmall=CYEEVDCy7kixk/5nDJhHlQ==, figureFileBig=+49uzqAte3/JVK4hRgbKpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375050150773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Split strength ratios for R-100RAP, R-80RAP, W-80RAP, and R-60RAP asphalt mixtures, figureFileSmall=FdZUJvuK+2s01xrujyop2w==, figureFileBig=tlsZx1TauWikaNovrfDS2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375155008381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图9, caption=R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP沥青混合料的劈裂强度比, figureFileSmall=FdZUJvuK+2s01xrujyop2w==, figureFileBig=tlsZx1TauWikaNovrfDS2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375259865988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variation curves of deformation with the number of loading cycles for R-80RAP, W-80RAP and R-60RAP, figureFileSmall=JUZxUdrHKjgCxdj7wARS4Q==, figureFileBig=tU9H9C4rub1ZqzZrb4i7Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375360529294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图10, caption=R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP的变形量随加载循环次数变化曲线, figureFileSmall=JUZxUdrHKjgCxdj7wARS4Q==, figureFileBig=tU9H9C4rub1ZqzZrb4i7Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375515718549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Relative deformation rate and dynamic stability, figureFileSmall=EBIpBvWKzt9K1YMfPkXFMw==, figureFileBig=GNXxTvEzYgVeaLDtsLh7tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375616381849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图11, caption=相对变形率和动稳定度, figureFileSmall=EBIpBvWKzt9K1YMfPkXFMw==, figureFileBig=GNXxTvEzYgVeaLDtsLh7tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375775765409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Dynamic modulus and phase angle of mixes under different loading frequency conditions before and after aging, figureFileSmall=w+7+6BOBDwWtHOpQw8jPJA==, figureFileBig=cXrybAOtJ5BH10yyJNmxvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249375897400232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图12, caption=老化前后不同荷载频率条件下混合料的动态模量和相位角, figureFileSmall=w+7+6BOBDwWtHOpQw8jPJA==, figureFileBig=cXrybAOtJ5BH10yyJNmxvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249376027423660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Dynamic modulus and phase angle of W-80RAP and W-80RAP before and after aging, figureFileSmall=9EjeIeF+5EbWudELfTmCzQ==, figureFileBig=9ycYzsX1ADb/iThLzWMdbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249376128086962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=图13, caption=W-80RAP及W-80RAP老化前后动态模量及相位角

箭头表示老化对材料的影响

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AH-90 common matrix asphalt performance indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验项目 实验结果 实验规程
针入度(25 ℃,100 g)/0.1 mm 90 JTJ052T0604—2011
软化点(环球法)/℃ 47 JTJ052T0604—2011
黏度(135 ℃)/(Pa·s) 0.35 JTJ052T0604—2011
延度(5 cm·min-1,15 ℃) >150 JTJ052T0604—2011
质量变化/% 0.08 JTJ052T0604—2011
针入度比/% 59 JTJ052T0604—2011
残留延度(163 ℃)/cm 129 JTJ052T0604—2011
), ArticleFig(id=1251249377562537995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AH-90普通基质沥青性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验项目 实验结果 实验规程
针入度(25 ℃,100 g)/0.1 mm 90 JTJ052T0604—2011
软化点(环球法)/℃ 47 JTJ052T0604—2011
黏度(135 ℃)/(Pa·s) 0.35 JTJ052T0604—2011
延度(5 cm·min-1,15 ℃) >150 JTJ052T0604—2011
质量变化/% 0.08 JTJ052T0604—2011
针入度比/% 59 JTJ052T0604—2011
残留延度(163 ℃)/cm 129 JTJ052T0604—2011
), ArticleFig(id=1251249377659006992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance index of waste cooking oil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试指标 测试结果 测试方法
60 ℃黏度/cSt 53.16 T0619—2011
闪点/℃ 245 T0619—2011
质量损失(TFOT)/% 0.55 T0619—2011
密度/(g·mL-1) 0.906 T0619—2011
酸值KOH/(mg·g-1) 1.54 GB/T 5530—2005
), ArticleFig(id=1251249377759670294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781963126563788, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

废食用油性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试指标 测试结果 测试方法
60 ℃黏度/cSt 53.16 T0619—2011
闪点/℃ 245 T0619—2011
质量损失(TFOT)/% 0.55 T0619—2011
密度/(g·mL-1) 0.906 T0619—2011
酸值KOH/(mg·g-1) 1.54 GB/T 5530—2005
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废食用油改性高掺量沥青混合料回收料热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料路用性能
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刘成 1 , 刘一鸣 2 , 叶群水 3, * , 胡涛 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(9): 3828-3839
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(9): 3828-3839
废食用油改性高掺量沥青混合料回收料热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料路用性能
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刘成1 , 刘一鸣2, 叶群水3, * , 胡涛3
作者信息
  • 1 西南交通大学希望学院, 成都 610400
  • 2 中建五局生态环境工程有限公司, 长沙 410004
  • 3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

    • 刘成(1988—),男,四川成都人,硕士,讲师。研究方向:水泥路面材料及结构。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 叶群水(1988—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水泥材料。E-mail:。
Road Performance of WCO-modified High Dosage RAP Hot Mix/Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
Cheng LIU1 , Yi-ming LIU2, Qun-shui YE3, * , Tao HU3
Affiliations
  • 1 Hope College, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610400, China
  • 2 China Construction Fifth Bureau Ecological Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309906
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摘要
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目前沥青混合料回收料(reclaimed asphalt pavement, RAP)已在众多道路工程得到了应用,但基于安全性和使用寿命考虑,对于高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料在交通荷载下的路用性能仍有待深入研究。为研究高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料在交通荷载下的路用性能,采用室内试验同时结合了数学分析的方法,分析废食用油(waste cooking oil, WCO)含量、RAP掺量以及拌合方式等再生沥青混合料设计参数对再生沥青混合料路用性能影响规律。研究结果表明:在多数情况下R-100RAP混合料的矿料间隙率(VMA)大于14%且空隙率(VV)大于3%,60%RAP含量的沥青混合料在添加10%WCO和1.0%沥青时,VV和VMA均处于规定范围内。R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料的绝大部分劈裂强度比大于80%,展现其良好的抗水损能力,WCO的加入有利于提升再生沥青混合料的抗水损能力。W-80RAP再生沥青混合料的抗车辙性能低于含有R-80RAP和R-60RAP再生沥青混合料,但三者均展现出了良好的抗车辙性。对比W-80RAP与R-60RAP的性能,W-80RAP拥有更小的相位角和更大的刚度值,且抗老化能力更好。研究结果为高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料的性能优化及高效施工提供了理论依据。

沥青混合料回收料(RAP)  /  废食用油(WCO)  /  温拌再生  /  热拌再生  /  沥青路面

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been utilized in numerous road projects. However, considering safety and service life, further in-depth investigation is required into the road performance of high dosage RAP hot-mix/warm-mix recycled asphalt mixtures under traffic loads. To investigate this, indoor tests and mathematical analysis were employed to examine the impact of design parameters, including the waste cooking oil (WCO) content, RAP dosage, and mixing method, on the road performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. The results indicate that in most cases, the VMA of R-100RAP mixes exceeds 14%, and the VV exceeds 3%. Moreover, both the VV and VMA of asphalt mixtures with 60% RAP content, 10% WCO, and 1.0% asphalt fall within specified ranges. Additionally, the split strength ratios of the majority of R-100RAP, R-80RAP, W-80RAP, and R-60RAP mixes surpass 80%, indicating excellent resistance to water damage. The addition of WCO proves beneficial in enhancing the water damage resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures. Although the rutting resistance of the W-80RAP asphalt mixture was inferior to that of the recycled asphalt mixtures containing R-80RAP and R-60RAP, all three exhibited commendable rutting resistance. When comparing the performance of W-80RAP and R-60RAP, it is observed that W-80RAP exhibits a smaller phase angle and a larger stiffness value, indicating better aging resistance. In order to maximise performance and facilitate the effective building of high dosage RAP hot-mix/warm-mix recycled asphalt mixes, the research provides a theoretical framework.

RAP  /  WCO  /  warm mix recycled  /  hot mix recycling  /  asphalt pavement
刘成, 刘一鸣, 叶群水, 胡涛. 废食用油改性高掺量沥青混合料回收料热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料路用性能. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3828 -3839 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309906
Cheng LIU, Yi-ming LIU, Qun-shui YE, Tao HU. Road Performance of WCO-modified High Dosage RAP Hot Mix/Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Mixtures[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3828 -3839 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309906
正文
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近年来,全球能源紧缺问题越来越受到国际社会的广泛关注[1],包括中国在内的众多国家均在积极探索资源再利用的新领域、新方式。道路建设需要消耗大量砂石、石油等自然资源,因此道路交通领域成为重点关注的对象之一[2]。截至2020年年底,中国已有的公路里程已达5.2×106 km[3],汽车保有量达3亿辆[4],道路交通系统整体能耗数量巨大。与此同时,中国每年需进行大中修高速公路超10 000 km,而普通公路甚至达到200 000 km,产生的沥青混合料回收料(reclaimed asphalt pavement, RAP)高达2亿t,导致一定程度上的资源浪费与环境污染[5-6]。而将老化沥青材料与部分新质材料混合,以再生沥青混合料用于道路建设,既可以解决RAP不合理处置带来的环境污染问题,又可以缓解砂石资源获取困难局面[7-8]。而基于目前国内RAP的再生利用率偏低,不超过30%,而发达国家RAP的再生利用率可达到90%,由此可见,RAP的再生利用关键是实现其在再生混合料中的高掺量[9-10]。
RAP掺量与再生沥青混合料的路用性能关系密切[11]。相关研究表明,旧料含量在一定比例下可以显著改善混合料的高温性能,保持良好的路用性能。丁新东等[12]发现,乳化沥青和水泥掺量对冷再生混合料的力学性能、路用性能与疲劳性能均有显著改善作用。Liu等[13]认为,基于最佳设计参数以及适宜的方法进行现场制备,有利于再生沥青混合料在道路工程中的进一步利用。胡江三等[14]通过开展再生沥青混合料小梁四点弯曲疲劳试验,发现RAP掺量、试验温度、加载频率引入疲劳模型,有利于提高疲劳模型可靠度。
但当RAP掺量超过一定比例,混合料成为高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料时,再生混合料的水稳定性、抗裂性能和疲劳性能明显衰减,软硬沥青调和再生只能实现部分老化沥青再生,再生路面易发生病害[15-17]。高莉宁等[18]系统梳理了沥青混合料自愈合行为理论,发现改性剂是影响沥青自愈合能力的重要内部因素。而余森开等[19]则认为级配、RAP掺量、压实温度均显著影响再生沥青混合料压实特性指标。
目前常用于废旧沥青的再生剂可以分为三类[20]:新的软沥青,如70#沥青、90#沥青等;轻质油分,如植物油、地沟油、废机油、棕榈油等;矿物油浆,如催化裂解油浆、糠醛抽出油等。据统计,中国每年产生的废食用油(waste cooking oil, WCO)达600万~700万t[21]。而目前中国对废油的利用方式既不能保留其潜在价值,同时也会对环境造成负面影响。研究表明,WCO中含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,与沥青中的油分类似,可以补充沥青因老化而缺失的油分,调节沥青组分,恢复老化沥青性能,因此可以作为良好的再生剂[22]。采用废食用油作为再生剂不仅能够恢复老化沥青物理性能、流变性能,提高老化沥青的耐老化性和弹性恢复性能,促进废旧沥青混合料的再生利用,而且能够循环利用废弃油脂,减少废弃油脂过剩带来的危害[23]。相关研究表明,适当的WCO含量能够有效改善沥青流变性,提高再生混合料的抗裂性、水稳定性、抗车辙性能和疲劳性能。对于某些不同的材料而言,可以很好地恢复其低温性能,但对其高温性能存在着不利影响[24]。尽管国内外对于WCO改善再生沥青混合料进行了大量研究,但有关基于WCO的高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料的路用性能的研究鲜有耳闻。
现以高掺量RAP热拌/温拌再生沥青混合料为研究对象,开展室内试验与数学分析的方法,分析WCO含量、RAP掺量以及拌合方式等再生沥青混合料设计参数,对再生沥青混合料水稳定性、低温性能、抗老化性能、抗车辙性能等路用性能影响规律。预期结果有望为生产用于中/低交通量道路的热沥青混合料和温拌沥青混合料提供理论依据。
1 试验材料
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1.1 原材料
试验所用原材料包括RAP、沥青、天然集料、矿粉、WCO、有机蜡等。RAP取自两种不同高速公路铣刨料并经过碾磨处理,均满足《公路沥青路面再生技术规范》(JTG/T 5521—2019)中规定的技术要求。沥青采用AH-90普通基质沥青,其主要性能指标检测结果如表1所示。其各项指标满足《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》(JTGF 40—2004)的要求。为进行对比分析,试验所用天然集料与RAP中所用原始集料相同,为0~4 mm、4~10 mm、10~16 mm三种级配花岗岩集料。矿粉为石灰石磨细制成,用作填料。WCO取自某地沟油回收站,相关指标如表2所示,可以看出,WCO的关键指标达到了《公路沥青路面再生技术规范》(JTGT 5521—2019)中再生剂的技术要求,可有效实现老化沥青的再生。试验所用集料为花岗岩颗粒和石灰石颗粒。温拌剂选用有机蜡Sasobit,Sasobit是一种合成的饱和碳氢化合物的蜡类混合料,其熔点范围为100~110 ℃,当其加热Sasobit达到其熔点时,仅需简单机械搅拌即可稳定地溶解于沥青中。
1.2 混合料配比
图1为沥青混合料配合比设计示意图。由于试验以高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料为研究对象,因此未对100%RAP再生沥青混合料的级配进行改变。60%和80%RAP掺量的再生沥青混合料中含有天然集料,因此其级配更接近常规级配条件。
图2为100%、80%和60%三种不同RAP掺量再生沥青混合料的级配,用作对照的混合料级配以规范限值为中心。根据Yousefi等[25]研究显示,考虑到混合料中所有集料的比表面,估算出80%RAP和60%RAP的混合料中新质沥青添加量。因此,除了4.5%的再生沥青外,初始阶段还向混合料中添加了新质沥青来研究其性质,以获取预估的黏结剂含量及其额外增加0.5%时的含量。通过计算得出,80%RAP混合料中分别添加0.6%和1.0%的新质沥青,60%RAP混合料中添加0.5%和1.0%的新质沥青。由于RAP本身含有4.5%的沥青,其中85%左右是可再利用的,因此100%RAP混合料的活性沥青含量约为3.8%。WCO含量是根据前人研究估算的。为了便于表述,采用以下字符、数字对混合料进行指定:R为热拌沥青;W为温拌沥青;aRAP为添加量为a的RAP掺量;NB为基质沥青。
2 测试方法
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2.1 试验方法
沥青混合料的特性及对应实验方案如下。
(1)体积指标:依据《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTG E20—2011)》T0705—2011中的表干法测定混合料的毛体积相对密度,进而计算得到混合料的空隙率、矿料间隙率等各项体积指标。
(2)马歇尔稳定度:如图3(a)所示,根据《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTG E20—2011)》,将马歇尔试件随机分成2组,室温冷却12 h后脱模在60 ℃的恒温水浴中保持30~40 min,一组在马歇尔稳定度测试仪上进行马歇尔试验,试验加载速率为5 cm/min,另一组48 h后测定马歇尔稳定度。当试件破坏时,仪器自动记录破坏时的压力和变形值,测定的马歇尔稳定度(MS)和流值(FL)指标。
(3)抗车辙变形能力:如图3(b)所示,根据《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTG E20—2011)》中,用轮碾成型仪成型4种改性沥青混合料车辙板试件,车辙板尺寸选择300 mm×300 mm×5 mm。钢轮在车辙板试件340 mm/s的速度做往复运动,轮压为0.7 MPa,当钢轮达到20 000的往复运动次数或产生20 mm的变形时停止加载。通常情况采用标准车辙试验,温度为60 ℃,计算得到混合料的车辙深度、相对变形率、动稳定度来表征试样的抗车辙变形能力。
(4)水稳定性:如图3(c)所示,采用《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTG E20—2011)》中的劈裂试验混合料的低温抗裂性能,试件真空饱水15 min后浸水30 min,之后设置温度为(-10±0.5) ℃冰冻16 h,之后以1 mm/min的加载速率开展劈裂试验,计算得到冻融劈裂抗拉强度及劈裂强度比。
(5)动态力学性能:试验过程依据《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTG E20—2011)》中的T0738—2011,试样尺寸为Ф100 mm×150 mm,利用UTM-100试验机对沥青混合料试样进行单轴压缩动态模量试验,测试了不同沥青混合料在20 ℃条件下1、3、5、10、20以及30 Hz加载频率对应的动态模量和相位角。
(6)抗疲劳性能:如图3(d)所示,试验采用UTM-100型试验机进行四点弯曲疲劳试验,试件采用轮碾法成型采用轮碾法成型试件,将其切割成64 mm×51 mm×380 mm的小梁试件,成型遵循《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTG E20—2011)》中的T0703方法进行。将试件20 ℃试验温度下保持4 h,采用应变控制加载模式,加载频率为10 Hz。
(7)抗滑性:采用激光轮廓检测仪测量轮迹试验板的平均构造深度(MTD),采用摆式仪法检测试验板的摆值。
2.2 试样制作
将热拌混合料的原材料在烤箱中加热至160 ℃左右,制作过程结束后将混合料放入150 ℃的烘箱中烘烤30 min,使WCO在混合料中进行扩散,从而使再生剂与黏合剂相互作用。对于未掺加WCO的混合料,不在烘箱中进行热调节。温拌混合料的制作过程类似,但在混合和调节期间将混合温度降至130 ℃。多个试样所需的原材料(包括再生剂)在加热的混合容器中同时混合。
3 结果分析
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3.1 体积指标
计算了不同混合料的空隙率(VV)和矿料间隙率(VMA)结果,如图4所示。
R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料试样的结果均来自4个试样,其平均变异系数分别为6.6%、9.3%、18.5%和16.0%,来源1和来源2的集料生产的混合料试样的结果来自3个试样,其平均变异系数分别为13.2%和8.2%。为使用RAP和两种不同来源天然集料生产的R-100RAP混合料的VV和VMA。由图4可知,在多数情况下R-100RAP混合料的VMA大于14%而VV大于3%,少数情况下混合料VV小于3%。然而当添加0.5%的沥青时,未出现这种趋势。混合料中添加的再生剂和黏结剂的量是相同的,而RAP级配是不同的,因此RAP级配是R-100RAP再生沥青混合料体积特征的决定因素。
图5为R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料的VV和VMA。由图5可知,80RAP混合料在热拌和温拌时的体积特性非常接近,VV均远低于3%,而VMA低于14%。图5中结果显示,当添加1.0%基质沥青的混合料VV比添加0.6%基质沥青的混合料VV低。由于60RAP混合料的骨架较良好,因此添加了10%WCO和1.0%基质沥青的混合料,VV和VMA均处于规定范围内。
3.2 马歇尔稳定度
图6为R-100RAP混合料的稳定度和流值,图7为R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料的稳定度和流值。由图6、图7可知,4种混合料稳定度均大于5.0 kN,流值均位于2~4 mm区间内,混合料的稳定度及流值均符合规范规定要求,仅有WCO含量为18%的热拌再生沥青混合料超过了4 mm的临界流值。如图6所示,随着WCO含量的增加,混合料稳定度普遍降低,虽然极少数100RAP混合料存在例外情况,但大多数研究的混合料中都展现这种趋势,在混合料中添加基质沥青也会降低其稳定性。再生沥青混合料的流值对WCO含量并不敏感,但含有WCO的温拌再生沥青混合料更易变形。
考虑到用于实际生产沥青混合料的滚筒式设备,一般不允许在工作温度安全的情况下重复使用100%的RAP。因此,基于试验结果和实际操作考虑,尽管R-100RAP和R-80RAP有较好的抗水损能力,R-80RAP有较好的抗车辙能力,但优先以W-80RAP和R-60RAP这两种高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料为主体进行后续实验研究的开展。
3.3 水稳定性
图8、图9分别为R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料的劈裂强度、劈裂强度比。由图9可知,绝大部分混合料劈裂强度比大于80%,展现出良好的抗水损能力,仅有一种未添加WCO的混合料抗水损能力较差。虽然W-80RAP混合料劈裂强度低于R-80RAP,但它们的抗水损能力相当。同理,R-80RAP混合料劈裂强度低于W-80RAP,它们的抗水损能力也相对一致。未掺加WCO的沥青混合料劈裂强度比不满足规范要求,且距规范要求相差较大,而添加6%或更高的WCO获得良好劈裂强度比,说明WCO的掺加对再生沥青混合料水稳定性能影响较大。整体来看,WCO的加入提升了再生沥青混合料的抗水损能力,这是因为再生剂能够促进新添沥青与RAP中老化沥青之间的扩散融合,形成性能良好且均质的再生沥青膜裹覆在集料表面,从而改善再生混合料的水稳定性。
3.4 抗车辙性
图10为R-80RAP、W-80RAP及R-60RAP再生沥青混合料的车辙深度随循环加载次数的变化曲线,结果取自试验温度为60 ℃条件下测试的两个重复试样的平均结果。图10中试验结果表明,经过10 000次车轮作用后,W-80RAP再生沥青混合料的车辙深度最大,约为6 mm,并且其在加载期间一直处于高变形状态。R-60RAP再生沥青混合料的车辙深度最小,约为2.5 mm,其永久变形在施加约2 000次荷载后进入稳定发展阶段。图10中结果还显示,温拌再生沥青混合料的抗变形能力性能逊于热拌再生沥青混合料。
图11为R-80RAP、W-80RAP及R-60RAP再生沥青混合料的相对变形率和动稳定度,误差线表示两个重复试样上所获测试结果的范围。由图11可知,添加WCO的热拌再生沥青混合料动稳定度远大于添加WCO的温拌再生沥青混合料,而其相对变形率的规律则恰恰相反。由此可知,添加WCO的热拌沥青混合料性能良好,而添加WCO的温拌沥青混合料性能较差。由于有机蜡和WCO的组合大大软化了沥青,导致W-80RAP再生沥青混合料的永久变形更高。但W-80RAP混合料的车辙深度仅为6 mm,表明其仍具有良好的抗压能力。虽然R-80RAP中的细颗粒数量比与R-60RAP多,但它们在永久变形方面的表现相似,其最终车辙深度、相对变形率、动稳定度等指标结果均较为接近。
3.5 刚度和相位角
图12所示为R-60RAP和W-80RAP混合料经过RTFOT老化试验前后的刚度、相位角与加载频率之间的关系。由图12可知,随着加载频率的逐渐增加,动态模量随之逐渐增大,而相位角随之逐渐减小。在高频荷载施加时,再生沥青混合料会逐渐硬化,致使沥青混合料的动态模量较大。W-80RAP再生沥青混合料刚度低于R-60RAP再生沥青混合料,其刚度值从R-60RAP刚度值的47.5%(1 Hz)到64.5%(30 Hz)不等,这是因为WCO与有机蜡协同软化了黏合剂。图12中相位角结果表明,W-80RAP也具有更高的黏性,其相位角值从R-60RAP相位角值的35.4%(1 Hz)到54.7%(30 Hz)不等。
图13为W-80RAP及R-60RAP再生沥青混合料老化前后动态模量及相位角。可以看出,两种混合料的老化效果并不相同,对W-80RAP和动态模量高于3 000 MPa的材料,相同相位角条件下,老化混料比未老化混合料具有更高的刚度。当动态模量低于3 000 MPa时,情况则恰恰相反。对于R-60RAP而言,相同的相位角值通常会使老化材料的刚度值高于未老化材料的刚度值。图13结果还表明,在代表较低交通荷载的低频(小于10 Hz)加载条件下,老化现象对W-80RAP比对R-60RAP更为不利,图14中老化前后的结果之比同时也验证这一现象。由图14可知,随着加载频率从30 Hz减少到1 Hz,R-80RAP的刚度比从141.7%增加到196.4%,而R-60RAP的刚度比则从118.6%增加到135.5%。老化前后的相位角之比也表明老化对W-80RAP的影响更大。老化对低频状态的影响较明显,尤其是对W-80RAP的影响更为显著。综上,老化会增加刚度,减小相位角,而掺加WCO的再生沥青混合料在老化后展现更强的荷载消散能力,其行为也变得更有弹性。
为评估动态模量和相位角试验结果之间的差异是否具有统计学意义,对再生沥青混合料老化前后的试验结果进行了方差分析,图15显示了不同混合料动态模量及相位角加载频率的变化情况。统计学上,如果P超过选定的显著性水平(0.05),则效果不具有统计意义,试验所有得出的P都低于0.05,因此差异在统计上是显著的。由图15可知,老化会增加每种再生沥青混合料的动态模量,并降低再生沥青混合料的相位角。图15中结果还表明,无论何种加载频率条件下,老化后的W-80RAP与未老化的R-60RAP在刚度方面的差异在统计学上并不显著。
3.6 抗疲劳性
图16为W-80RAP和R-60RAP混合料试样老化前后应力水平与加载循环次数变化情况,为便于计算,横纵坐标均为对数坐标,通过对四点弯曲试验结果进行回归分析而得出疲劳规律。便于后续更加深入详细的分析,基于图16中混合料疲劳规律,计算导致试样在10 000、100 000、1 000 000和10 000 000次循环加载后失效时的应变水平。由图17可知,相同加载循环次数下R-60RAP的失效应变高于W-80RAP,表明前者的抗疲劳性能优于后者。老化对W-80RAP疲劳性能的影响也更为显著,老化后的再生沥青混合料抗疲劳性能普遍降低。W-80RAP不仅失效应变水平低,并且老化后的失效应变下降幅度更加明显。R-60RAP的失效应变由10 000次加载时的14.6%下降到10 000 000次加载时的28.2%,而W-80RAP的失效应变由10 000次加载时的29.5%到10 000 000次加载时的35.7%。对照组混合料由10 000次加载时到10 000 000次加载时的失效应变分别为356、208、135和80。综上,即使在老化后,R-60RAP再生沥青混合料的性能也优于对照组混合料,而未老化的W-80RAP再生沥青混合料与对照组混合料的性能相似。
3.7 防滑性
图18为4种测试混合料的平均路面构造深度和摆锤测试值结果。可知,所有混合料的平均构造深度和摆值均符合规范要求,路面构造深度的变异系数介于6.9%~12.5%。R-60RAP再生沥青混合料的平均构造深度低于W-80RAP,W-80RAP及R-60RAP老化前后构造深度几乎不变,说明老化不会影响再生沥青路面构造纹理。其摆锤测试值有所变化,老化后的摆锤测试值更大,说明老化会降低再生沥青路面抗滑性,但影响程度有限。
4 结论
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针对高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料的应用特点,以WCO为再生剂,采用高温马歇尔试验、抗车辙试验、冻融劈裂试验、动态模量试验、四点弯曲试验等试验,同时结合了统计学的方法,分析了WCO含量、RAP掺量以及拌合方式等再生沥青混合料设计参数,对高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料马歇尔稳定度、抗车辙能力、抗水损能力、动态力学性能、抗疲劳能力以及防滑性等路用性能影响规律。从实验研究的结果可以得出以下结论。
(1)在多数情况下,R-100RAP混合料的VMA大于14%而VV大于3%,80RAP混合料在热拌和温拌时的体积特性较为相近。60RAP混合料在添加10%WCO和1.0%沥青时,VV和VMA均处于规定范围内。随着WCO含量的增加,混合料稳定度普遍降低,而混合料试样的流值对WCO含量并不敏感,但含有WCO的温拌沥青混合料更容易变形。
(2)R-100RAP、R-80RAP、W-80RAP和R-60RAP再生沥青混合料劈裂强度比大多80%,展现其良好的抗水损能力,WCO的掺加也能再生沥青混合料的抗水损能力。
(3)W-80RAP再生沥青混合料的抗车辙性能低于R-80RAP和R-60RAP再生沥青混合料,但三者均展现出了良好的抗车辙性。
(4)W-80RAP再生沥青混合料刚度值较低,相位角较大,而粗骨料比例和生产温度更高的R-60RAP的拥有更小的相位角和更大的刚度值。W-80RAP比R-60RAP更容易老化,这两种再生沥青混合料老化前和老化后的结果差异较为显著。R-60RAP再生沥青混合料的抗老化能力要优于W-80RAP再生沥青混合料,并且其对加速老化过程的敏感性较低。
(5)研究有助于提升高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料的路用性能,为进一步提升RAP在再生沥青混合料中的利用率提供了参考。通过添加最佳配合比的WCO及RAP,优选适应的加工方式,能够制备路用性能良好的高掺量RAP再生沥青混合料,减少道路建设成本,节约资源,绿色低碳,对于道路工程建设、固废资源化利用以及节能环保产业发展都有积极的实际应用场景。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52209154)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第25卷第9期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309906
  • 接收时间：2023-12-15
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-15
  • 修回日期：2024-12-02
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52209154)
作者信息
    1 西南交通大学希望学院, 成都 610400
    2 中建五局生态环境工程有限公司, 长沙 410004
    3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

通讯作者:

* 叶群水(1988—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:水泥材料。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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