Article(id=1149781958105985691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404089, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717257600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-02, revisedDate=1735574400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058980728, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058980728, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058980728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058980728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149781952959574654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='3529', pageEnd='3967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058979501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776333392421, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3931, endPage=3937, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149781958546387616, articleId=1149781958105985691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Damage Degradation of Composite Stiffened Panels during Post-buckling, columnId=1156262731079607234, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Aeronautics and Astronautics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Composite material is widely used in aerospace field. It is important to research the damage process of composite and its failure mode. Composite damage is a complex progressive process. In order to predict the strength and damage propagation of reinforced composite wall panels under compression conditions, taking the cap shaped single rib panel under compression load as an example, one instantaneous stiffness degradation model and three continuous stiffness degradation models were used for analysis and comparison. By reducing the stiffness of material points in the element, the damage evolution process of composite materials was simulated, and the experimental results were compared with the analysis results. The comparison results show that all four damage degradation models can accurately predict the bearing capacity and damage range of reinforced wall panels under compression conditions. Compared with other models, the constant type model in the continuous damage degradation model has the highest accuracy. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the study of mechanical properties of composite reinforced wall panels.

, correspAuthors=Fei YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fei YUAN, Xin-xiang LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149782002389447547, articleId=1149781958105985691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=复合材料单筋板在轴压下失效后材料性能退化方法, columnId=1156262731373208516, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·航空、航天, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

复合材料在航空航天等工程中应用非常广泛,对其材料结构的损伤累计及失效规律等力学行为进行分析研究,具有重大的工程价值。为了预测复合材料加筋壁板在压缩工况下的强度及损伤扩展,以压缩载荷下帽型单筋板为例,分别采用了1种瞬时刚度退化和3种连续刚度退化模型进行分析对比,通过对单元中材料点的刚度折减,模拟了复合材料损伤演化的过程,并将试验结果与分析结果相对比。对比结果表明:4种损伤退化模型均可较为准确地预测压缩工况下加筋壁板的承载能力以及损伤范围;与其他模型相比,连续损伤退化模型中的常数型模型精度最高。研究结果为复合材料加筋壁板的力学性能研究提供了理论指导。

, correspAuthors=袁菲, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=OpoQhRN+KN7DNMhF8LdcIQ==, magXml=752C2mivm21s9JBrfos6Fg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1v4gO+VL1fZw8nysOOZ5PQ==, pdfFileSize=9253609, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xsx5V8pXBgNkzECVxoXkfQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bWoJ13urBZUUa3KTuhAQ9A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

袁菲(1991—),女,汉族,陕西汉中人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:复合材料结构强度。E-mail:

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袁菲(1991—),女,汉族,陕西汉中人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:复合材料结构强度。E-mail:

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袁菲(1991—),女,汉族,陕西汉中人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:复合材料结构强度。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=复合材料), Keyword(id=1251249366791569588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=渐进破坏), Keyword(id=1251249366959341761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=非线性衰减), Keyword(id=1251249367089365199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=加筋壁板), Keyword(id=1251249367231971547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=后屈曲)], refs=[Reference(id=1251249375247286884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=481, pageEnd=490, url=null, 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Constant damage variable values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
半型 d1 d2
纤维损伤、基体未损伤 0.8 0
基体损伤、纤维未损伤 0 0.8
纤维损伤、基体损伤 0.8 0.8
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常数型损伤变量取值

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半型 d1 d2
纤维损伤、基体未损伤 0.8 0
基体损伤、纤维未损伤 0 0.8
纤维损伤、基体损伤 0.8 0.8
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Properties of composite material

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参数 数值
弹性模量E11/GPa 147
横向弹性模量E22/GPa 8.51
面内剪切模量G12/GPa 4.2
泊松比ν12 0.35
纵向拉伸强度XT/MPa 3 200
纵向压缩强度XC/MPa 1 100
横向拉伸强度YT/MPa 57.4
横向压缩强度YC/MPa 225
剪切强度S/MPa 89
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单向板材料参数

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参数 数值
弹性模量E11/GPa 147
横向弹性模量E22/GPa 8.51
面内剪切模量G12/GPa 4.2
泊松比ν12 0.35
纵向拉伸强度XT/MPa 3 200
纵向压缩强度XC/MPa 1 100
横向拉伸强度YT/MPa 57.4
横向压缩强度YC/MPa 225
剪切强度S/MPa 89
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Properties of cladding layer and fillets

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参数 数值
杨氏模量E11/GPa 183
横向杨氏模量E22/GPa 8.81
面内剪切模量G12/GPa 5.5
泊松比ν12 0.35
纵向拉伸强度XT/MPa 731
纵向压缩强度XC/MPa 669
横向拉伸强度YT/MPa 731
横向压缩强度YC/MPa 56.2
剪切强度S/MPa 63
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内包层及捻子条的材料参数

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参数 数值
杨氏模量E11/GPa 183
横向杨氏模量E22/GPa 8.81
面内剪切模量G12/GPa 5.5
泊松比ν12 0.35
纵向拉伸强度XT/MPa 731
纵向压缩强度XC/MPa 669
横向拉伸强度YT/MPa 731
横向压缩强度YC/MPa 56.2
剪切强度S/MPa 63
), ArticleFig(id=1251249374198710817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Properties of interface

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参数 数值
弹性模量E11/MPa 2 000
泊松比ν12 0.3
第一剪切方向强度SS/MPa 45
第二剪切方向强度ST/MPa 45
法向拉伸强度SN/MPa 30
Ⅰ型断裂韧性能量释放率GⅠC 0.27
Ⅱ型断裂韧性能量释放率GⅡC 1.9
Ⅲ型断裂韧性能量释放率GⅢC 1.9
), ArticleFig(id=1251249374345511467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

界面的材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
弹性模量E11/MPa 2 000
泊松比ν12 0.3
第一剪切方向强度SS/MPa 45
第二剪切方向强度ST/MPa 45
法向拉伸强度SN/MPa 30
Ⅰ型断裂韧性能量释放率GⅠC 0.27
Ⅱ型断裂韧性能量释放率GⅡC 1.9
Ⅲ型断裂韧性能量释放率GⅢC 1.9
), ArticleFig(id=1251249374530060858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781958105985691, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of final failure loads in test and FEA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
退化方式 计算载荷/kN 试验载荷/kN 误差/%
弹性常数瞬时退化 231.45 239 -3.34
CDM常数损伤退化 238.14 -0.35
CDM线性损伤退化 244.50 2.09
CDM非线性损伤退化 225.14 -5.79
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试验和有限元分析中最终失效载荷对比

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退化方式 计算载荷/kN 试验载荷/kN 误差/%
弹性常数瞬时退化 231.45 239 -3.34
CDM常数损伤退化 238.14 -0.35
CDM线性损伤退化 244.50 2.09
CDM非线性损伤退化 225.14 -5.79
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复合材料单筋板在轴压下失效后材料性能退化方法
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袁菲 , 李新祥
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025,25(9): 3931-3937
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025, 25(9): 3931-3937
复合材料单筋板在轴压下失效后材料性能退化方法
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袁菲 , 李新祥
作者信息
  • 中国飞机强度研究所强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室, 西安 710065
  • 袁菲(1991—),女,汉族,陕西汉中人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:复合材料结构强度。E-mail:

Damage Degradation of Composite Stiffened Panels during Post-buckling
Fei YUAN , Xin-xiang LI
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Aircraft Strength Research institute of China, Xi’an 710065, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404089
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复合材料在航空航天等工程中应用非常广泛,对其材料结构的损伤累计及失效规律等力学行为进行分析研究,具有重大的工程价值。为了预测复合材料加筋壁板在压缩工况下的强度及损伤扩展,以压缩载荷下帽型单筋板为例,分别采用了1种瞬时刚度退化和3种连续刚度退化模型进行分析对比,通过对单元中材料点的刚度折减,模拟了复合材料损伤演化的过程,并将试验结果与分析结果相对比。对比结果表明:4种损伤退化模型均可较为准确地预测压缩工况下加筋壁板的承载能力以及损伤范围;与其他模型相比,连续损伤退化模型中的常数型模型精度最高。研究结果为复合材料加筋壁板的力学性能研究提供了理论指导。

复合材料  /  渐进破坏  /  非线性衰减  /  加筋壁板  /  后屈曲

Composite material is widely used in aerospace field. It is important to research the damage process of composite and its failure mode. Composite damage is a complex progressive process. In order to predict the strength and damage propagation of reinforced composite wall panels under compression conditions, taking the cap shaped single rib panel under compression load as an example, one instantaneous stiffness degradation model and three continuous stiffness degradation models were used for analysis and comparison. By reducing the stiffness of material points in the element, the damage evolution process of composite materials was simulated, and the experimental results were compared with the analysis results. The comparison results show that all four damage degradation models can accurately predict the bearing capacity and damage range of reinforced wall panels under compression conditions. Compared with other models, the constant type model in the continuous damage degradation model has the highest accuracy. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the study of mechanical properties of composite reinforced wall panels.

composite  /  damage  /  nonlinear degradation  /  post-buckling
袁菲, 李新祥. 复合材料单筋板在轴压下失效后材料性能退化方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3931 -3937 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404089
Fei YUAN, Xin-xiang LI. Damage Degradation of Composite Stiffened Panels during Post-buckling[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3931 -3937 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404089
复合材料由于其高比强、高比模、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳等诸多优势已成为现代飞机机体结构四大主要材料之一[1]。纤维增强复合材料层合板在静力载荷下的破坏包含不同形式的损伤:基体开裂、纤维断裂、基体纤维剪切破坏、分层。复合材料损伤是一个复杂的渐进损伤的过程,当层合板处于较高应力状态时,损伤开始出现,随着载荷的增加,最终导致结构的整体破坏。近年来,针对复合材料结构的损伤积累过程,国内外学者在数值分析方面做了许多研究。蔡聪艺等[2]采用Hashin失效准则和基于连续损伤(continuum damage method,CDM)的折减模型建立了拉伸开孔层合板的渐进损伤模型,研究了不同孔径对极限载荷的影响。杜席岩等[3]研究了纺织复合材料在超低温下的渐进损伤行为,通过多尺度有限元方法和声发射技术来监测和分析这些损伤,研究结果表明:基体孔隙缺陷会影响材料的损伤和裂纹扩展。贺利乐等[4]选用高阶指数函数描述了复合材料的剪切非线性行为,采用基于连续损伤力学的三维模型对开孔层压板的渐进损伤力学行为进行分析。Tarhouni等[5]通过三维渐进损伤模型,预测了材料层间发生的损伤机制,考虑了载荷反向情况下裂纹闭合的影响, 该模型能很好地预测横向裂纹对残余刚度的影响,计算结果与试验结果一致性良好。章凌等[6]基于经典层合板理论和一阶剪切变形理论,通过层合板等效刚度以及各单层板的应力-应变建立了一种并行多尺度方法,建立了层合板的弹性响应和渐进损伤模型,通过双线性渐进损伤模式对材料刚度进行折减,实现复合材料的损伤演化。王湘江等[7]通过试验和数值相结合的方法,探究了含孔复合材料层合板拉伸损伤对其剩余强度的影响,构建了基于LaRc失效准则的渐进损伤失效模型描述层内损伤演化。宋昊等[8]通过渐进损伤分析方法,通过有限元仿真预测了复合材料蜂窝壁板的损伤过程。Li等[9]使用自定义程序实现多种渐进损伤模型,对复合材料层压板低速冲击下的失效准则和损伤演化进行评估,通过与试验结果的比较,讨论了不同损伤演化方法对损伤预测的影响。
上述学者主要针对复合材层压板的材料性能退化方法进行了研究。然而在实际航空应用中,复合材料加筋壁板是现代飞机中的基本结构形式,此类结构在工作状态容易发生屈曲,大量试验表明飞机复合材料加筋结构具有可观的后屈曲承载能力,其破坏形式复杂且缺乏有效的预测手段,目前国内外学者在复合材料加筋壁板的破坏分析中重点关注了筋条与蒙皮之间的脱粘情况以及结构参数对屈曲载荷及承载能力的影响。许良等[10]研究了轴压下不同蒙皮参数对复合材料加筋壁板结构屈曲与后屈曲行为的影响。Zhang等[11]采用有限元和试验相结合的方法研究了机身壁板的屈曲及后屈曲历程,并对I形和T形加筋壁板的承载能力进行分析,研究了不同参数构型对后屈曲历程的影响。Yu等[12]、Reinoso等[13]、Bisagni等[14]、Montemuro等[15]等分别采用试验和有限元相结合的方法分析了压缩载荷下复合材料帽型加筋壁板的屈曲及后屈曲特性。袁菲等[16]研究了帽型筋条包覆层对结构承载能力的影响。杨钧超等[17]针对复合材料加筋壁板剪切屈曲与后屈曲特性分别做了试验、工程计算与有限元相结合的方法进行了研究,并且对工程算法进行了修正。李真等[18]针对机身帽型长桁壁板在剪切载荷下的力学响应做了研究,采用不同边界的工程方法和有限元特征值方法研究了机身壁板的剪切失稳特性。王喆等[19]针对加筋壁板长桁凸缘变厚度设计对长桁-蒙皮界面的承载能力影响做了研究,结果表明采用变厚度设计可以减缓长桁凸缘末端附近的刚度突变,降低长桁凸缘末端与蒙皮间的面外载荷。
针对复合材料加筋壁板屈曲与后屈曲分析,目前还鲜有针对复合材料层内损伤退化模型开展详细对比研究的。为了提高复合材料加筋壁板的分析精度,现针对复合材料加筋壁板在压缩工况下的强度及损伤扩展进行研究,以压缩载荷下帽型单筋板为例,针对复合材料面内的退化方式,分别建立一种基于弹性常数的瞬时退化模型、一种基于CDM的瞬时退化模型、一种基于CDM的线性函数型退化模型和一种基于CDM的自定义非线性函数退化模型,将4种退化模型分别与Hashin准则进行组合,并将试验结果与分析结果对比,得到压缩载荷下单筋板在4种退化模型中计算结果与试验的误差。
采用的失效准则为基于应力的Hashin准则[15]。具体形式如下。
(1)纤维拉伸失效。
${\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{11}}{{X}_{\mathrm{T}}}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{12}}{{S}_{12}}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{13}}{{S}_{13}}\right)}^{2}\ge 1$
(2)纤维压缩失效。
${\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{11}}{{X}_{\mathrm{C}}}\right)}^{2}\ge 1$
(3)基体拉伸失效。
${\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{22}}{{Y}_{\mathrm{T}}}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{12}}{{S}_{12}}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{23}}{{S}_{23}}\right)}^{2}\ge 1$
(4)基体压缩失效。
${\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{22}}{{Y}_{\mathrm{C}}}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{12}}{{S}_{12}}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{23}}{{S}_{23}}\right)}^{2}\ge 1$
式中:${\sigma }_{11}$为材料积分点纤维方向拉伸/压缩应力;${\sigma }_{22}$为材料积分点基体方向拉伸/压缩应力;${\sigma }_{12}$为面内剪切应力;${\sigma }_{13}$${\sigma }_{23}$为两个面外剪切应力;XTYT分别为纤维和基体的拉伸强度;XCYC分别为纤维和基体的压缩强度;S12S13S23分别为面内和2个面外剪切强度。
这种瞬时退化模型是模拟层合板损伤最简单的方法,该模型对材料性能进行直接退化,采用退化一次性假设,计算中,发现此单元继续发生同样的失效模式后,不再对材料实施损伤量的累积。损伤出现后,对弹性参数直接进行折减,公式为:Ed=KE,Gd=KG,通常K取0.1[8],EG分别为损伤前的弹性参数,EdGd为损伤后的弹性参数。
该方法使用损伤状态变量对复合材料中不同形式的损伤进行定量描述。采用式(5)的二阶对称张量D来定义损伤,其对角线上的元素具有明确的物理意义,分别表示面内纤维纵向和横向有效承载面积的减小比例。损伤张量D的元素取值在0~1,0表示无损伤,1表示完全断裂[8]
$D=\left[\begin{array}{ll}{d}_{1}& 0\\ 0& {d}_{2}\end{array}\right]$
式(5)中:d1d2分别为纤维和基体的损伤变量。
复合材料单层板在无损伤情况时,材料点本构关系为
$\sigma =\left[\begin{array}{l}{\sigma }_{11}\\ {\sigma }_{22}\\ {\tau }_{12}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{lll}{C}_{11}& {C}_{12}& 0\\ {C}_{21}& {C}_{22}& 0\\ 0& 0& {C}_{66}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}{\epsilon }_{11}\\ {\epsilon }_{22}\\ {\gamma }_{12}\end{array}\right]=C\epsilon $
式(6)中:C为刚度矩阵;C11C12C21C22C66分别为各个方向的刚度系数。
材料点失效后的应力应变关系为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\sigma ={C}_{d}:\epsilon \\ {C}_{d}=\left[\begin{array}{lll}{C}_{11}^{d}& {C}_{12}^{d}& 0\\ {C}_{21}^{d}& {C}_{22}^{d}& 0\\ 0& 0& {C}_{66}^{d}\end{array}\right]\end{array}\right.$
式(7)中:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}_{11}^{d}=(1-{d}_{1}{)}^{2}{C}_{11}\\ {C}_{12}^{d}=(1-{d}_{1})(1-{d}_{2}){C}_{12}\\ {C}_{22}^{d}=(1-{d}_{2}{)}^{2}{C}_{22}\\ {C}_{66}^{d}=(1-{d}_{1})(1-{d}_{2}){C}_{66}\end{array}\right.$
式(8)中:d1d2可取常数,也可取函数变量。针对两种情况分别在子程序中定义了d1d2,实现了材料刚度矩阵的瞬间退化、线性退化和非线性退化。当d1d2取常数时,取值如表1[16]所示。
d1d2为函数变量时,又可分为两种情况,第一种情况:d1d2为线性折减,损伤状态变量[3]定义为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{1}=\frac{{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}}({\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}0})}{{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{}({\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}0})}\\ {d}_{2}=\frac{{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}}({\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}0})}{{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{}({\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}0})}\end{array}\right.$
式(9)中:${\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}0}$${\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}0}$分别为初始破坏时,纤维方向和基体方向对应的位移;${\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}}$${\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}}$分别为最终破坏时,纤维方向和基体方向对应的位移。
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}}={L}^{\mathrm{C}}\sqrt{({\epsilon }_{11}{)}^{2}+\alpha {\epsilon }_{12}^{2},}& {\sigma }_{11}\ge 0\\ {\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}}={L}^{\mathrm{C}}<-{\epsilon }_{11}>,& {\sigma }_{11}<0\end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}}={L}^{\mathrm{C}}\sqrt{({\epsilon }_{22}{)}^{2}+\alpha {\epsilon }_{12}^{2},}& {\sigma }_{22}\ge 0\\ {{\delta }^{\mathrm{m}}}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}={L}^{\mathrm{C}}<-{\epsilon }_{22}>,& {\sigma }_{22}<0\end{array}\right.$
式中:$\alpha $为单元边长;$<-{\epsilon }_{11}>$$<-{\epsilon }_{22}>$分别为纤维方向和基体方向压缩应变的积分平均值;LC为单元特征长度。
d1d2非线性折减时,自定义了一种折减方法,在损伤起始阶段,损伤变量较小,随着损伤不断积累,损伤变量逐渐增大。损伤状态变量通过指数函数定义为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{1}=\frac{1-\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(\frac{{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}0}}{{{\delta }^{\mathrm{f}}}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{f}0}}\right)}{1-\mathrm{e}}\\ {d}_{2}=\frac{1-\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(\frac{{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}0}}{{{\delta }^{\mathrm{m}}}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}-{\delta }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{m}0}}\right)}{1-\mathrm{e}}\end{array}\right.$
连续损伤退化模型通过UMAT子程序实现渐进损伤分析,其流程如图1所示。在每一个载荷增量步的开始,首先调用UMAT子程序读入复合材料的弹性常数和强度参数以及上一个载荷增量步的损伤状态变量和更新后的应力,并将应力代入失效准则,判断是否出现破坏,如果不满足失效条件,则更新应力,存储应变能;若满足失效条件,重新计算损伤状态变量并与上一增量步损伤状态变量对比,为保证失效过程不可逆,取其中较大值作为当前增量步损伤状态变量并存入状态变量矩阵中,然后计算损伤刚度矩阵,重新计算单元应力并更新雅科比矩阵。
为了精准地模拟复杂应力下胶层损伤的萌生情况,采用二次应力准则[16],定义如下
$d={\left\{\frac{{\sigma }_{33}}{{S}_{\mathrm{N}}}\right\}}^{2}+{\left\{\frac{{\sigma }_{13}}{{S}_{\mathrm{S}}}\right\}}^{2}+{\left\{\frac{{\sigma }_{23}}{{S}_{\mathrm{T}}}\right\}}^{2},\left\{\begin{array}{l}d<1\\ d\ge 1\end{array}\right.\begin{array}{l},\mathrm{完}\mathrm{好}\\,\mathrm{失}\mathrm{效}\end{array}$
式(13)中:SNSSST分别为法向、第一剪切方向和第二剪切方向的极限应力值。
临界应变能释放率是表征复合材料层合板层间断裂韧性的重要参数,是分层扩展至单位面积时系统提供的能量。主要有3种破坏模式,分别为:张开型、滑移型、错开型。界面断裂韧性通常由试验测量。分层扩展破坏准则常采用混合型破坏模式的表达式为
$f={\left\{\frac{{G}_{Ⅰ}}{{G}_{Ⅰ\mathrm{C}}}\right\}}^{\alpha }+{\left\{\frac{{G}_{Ⅱ}}{{G}_{Ⅱ\mathrm{C}}}\right\}}^{\alpha }+{\left\{\frac{{G}_{Ⅲ}}{{G}_{Ⅲ\mathrm{C}}^{}}\right\}}^{\alpha },\left\{\begin{array}{ll}f<1,& \mathrm{未}\mathrm{扩}\mathrm{展}\\ f\ge 1,& \mathrm{扩}\mathrm{展}\end{array}\right.$
式(14)中:α为材料参数,通常取1~2。Ⅰ型断裂韧性GⅠC由双悬臂梁(DCB)试验测量,Ⅱ型断裂韧性GⅡC由端部缺口弯曲(ENF)试验测量,Ⅲ型断裂韧性GⅢCGⅡC。界面胶层的刚度衰减采用直接衰减,单元破坏后,材料性能折减到原来的0.01[15]
试验件包括长桁和蒙皮两部分,蒙皮和长桁组合件通过共胶接装配。试验件长度均为270 mm,两侧端头各35 mm通过树脂灌封在铁盒内,如图2所示,试验件考核段长度为200 mm。图3为长桁横截面示意图。长桁铺层:[45/0/0/-45/90/-45/0/0/45]s,蒙皮铺层:[45/0/0/-45/90]s,其中,0代表纤维方向沿长桁方向,90代表纤维方向垂直长桁方向,45方向为纤维方向顺时针旋转45°,-45方向为纤维方向逆时针旋转45°。单层厚度理论值为0.186 8 mm,试验件复合材料属性如表2所示。包覆层铺层为[45/-45],单层厚度为0.15 mm,包覆层及捻子条材料属性如表3所示,界面的材料参数如表4所示。
试验在室温大气环境下进行,试验时,将试验件垂直放置在试验机加载平台上直接施加压缩载荷,载荷合力作用点(试验机加载中心)与试验件压心一致,安装状态如图4所示。
正式试验前对试验件施加10 kN的载荷,调整试验件的位置,使同一位置背对背的应变差值在10%以内。正式试验中以2 mm/min的加载速率进行连续加载、连续测量直至试验件破坏,详细记录各级载荷下所有测量点的应变以及试验件的破坏载荷、破坏模式。图5为试验件典型的最终破坏模式。破坏模式为加载至239 kN时,从长桁的根部1/4处断裂。
有限元模型如图6所示。模型中长桁、蒙皮以及内包层采用壳元(S4R)模拟,捻子条采用实体元(C3D8R)模拟,在蒙皮与内包层、捻子、突缘之间建立采用0.1 mm厚的Cohesive元模拟界面胶层。长桁、蒙皮、捻子条和界面胶层互相通过tie连接。固支端限制3个方向的平动自由度和转动自由度,加载端施加5 mm的位移载荷。长桁和蒙皮损伤演化过程分别采用UFIELD中定义的瞬间退化模型和用UMAT中定义的连续退化模型模拟。
由于4种退化方式对屈曲载荷及损伤前应变无影响,屈曲分析仅用作验证模型的边界条件及载荷施加是否正确。因此,载荷应变曲线与屈曲载荷的试验与分析对比选取连续损伤退化模型中的非线性退化。
试验中选取3个点进行应变对比,帽形单筋板贴片位置如图7所示。图8~图10为各组试验件应变测量点的有限元预测和试验测量的载荷-应变对比图,试验中屈曲载荷为183 kN,有限元计算中屈曲载荷为172 kN,误差5.5%,分析结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了分析方法的有效性。
表5为试验和有限元分析中最终失效载荷对比,由表5可知,对压缩载荷下单筋板的承载能力计算中,4种退化模式均能达到精度要求,其中常数型连续退化方式误差最小,瞬间退化模型和非线性连续退化方案的计算结果较为保守,线性函数连续损伤退化方案的结果较试验值略高。图11为加筋壁板在四种退化模式下纤维的破坏范围,通过与图7的对比可知,4种退化模型均能较为准确地预测结构的损伤范围。图12为不同退化方式下载荷位移曲线与试验的对比。
针对帽型加筋壁板在压缩载荷下的破坏历程进行了研究,分别采用了基于弹性常数的瞬时退化模型、基于CDM的常数型连续损伤退化、线性函数连续损伤退化和非线性函数连续退化4种退化方式,通过对单元中材料点的性能折减,模拟了复合材料损伤演化的过程。对比试验结果与数值模拟结果可知,4种损伤退化模型均可预测压缩工况下加筋壁板的承载能力以及损伤范围;其中,基于弹性常数的瞬时退化模型计算效率最高,常数型连续损伤退化模型的预测误差最小,仅为0.35%;非线性函数损伤退化模型的预测误差最大,为5.79%。相比较其余退化模型,非线性函数退化模型的结果较为保守。研究结果为复合材料加筋壁板的力学性能研究提供了理论指导。
  • 民机科研项目(MJ-2015-F-038)
  • 民机科研项目(MJ-2016-F-01)
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2025年第25卷第9期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404089
  • 接收时间:2024-06-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-02
  • 修回日期:2024-12-31
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民机科研项目(MJ-2015-F-038)
民机科研项目(MJ-2016-F-01)
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    中国飞机强度研究所强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室, 西安 710065
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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